; 1
^^b(J^
\,^'
DUNGLISON'S
MEDICAL DICTIONARY.
FIFTEENTH EDITION.
WORKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
I. (Just Issukd.)
HUMAN PHY8J0L0GY:
EIGHTH EDITION, REVISED,
III two large and handsome octavo volumes
lu preparing the present edition, "no pains
have been spared to make the work a complete
expression of the science of the day." This
statement our own examination of the work en-
ables us to confirm ; every page of it testifying
to the author's industry in culling from various
quarters and sources all that was valuable in the
physiological contributions to science of the last
few years. The careful and scrutinizing spirit
exhibited by the writer when investigating mooted
questions, the extensive information he possesses
MODIFIED, AND ENLARGED,
, of about 1500 pages; leather, price, $7.
of general science in almost every department,
and the clear and happy style in which he pre-
sents his views, render his Physiology one of the
most reliable and attractive works in our language.
To the practitioner and general reader, we can
heartily recommend it as an excellent r6suui6 of
the present state of physiological science. As a
text-book for the student, we think it has no su-
perior in our language, and for this object we
presume it was chiefly, if not expressly written, —
Med. Examiner, Oct., 1856.
II. (Now Ready, July, 185 7,)
GENEIUL THERAPEUTICS AND MATERIA MEDIC A:
ADAPTED FOR A MKDICAD TEXT-BOOK.
WITH ABOUT TWO HUNDRED ILLUSTRATIONS
SIXTH EDITION, REVISED AND IMPROVED.
In two very harulsome octavo volumes, of abmit WOO pages ; leather, price $6.
The most complete and satisfactory exponent
of the existing state of Therapeutical Science,
within the moderate limits of a text- book, of any
hitherto published. What gives the work a su-
perior value, in our judgment, is the happy blend-
ing of Therapeutics and Materia Medica, as they
are or ought to be taught in all our Medical
schools; going no further into the nature and
commercial history of drugs than is indispensable
for the medical student. This gives to the treatise
a clinical and practical character, calculated to
benefit, in the highest degree, both students and
practitioners. We shall adopt it as a text-book
for our classes, while pursuing this branch of
medicine, and shall be happy to learn that it has
been adopted as such in all of our medical insti-
tutions. — The N. Y. Journal of Jledicine.
III. (Just Issued.)
NEW REMEDIES:
WITH lOlUIUl* FOE THEIR PREPARATION AND AMINISTKATION.
Seventli Edition, with extensive Additions.
In one very large octavo volume, of 110 pages ; leather, $3.75,
space the novelties and discoveries of the age.
The present edition of this work is considorablj'
enlarged and improved. The author, with his
accustomed accuracy, has elaborated and amplified
many of the articles but casually or imperfectly
treated of in the former editions ; and he has also
added considerably to the list of new remedies.
About thirty new agents, or novel applications
of old remedies, are introduced to the notice of the
reader in this edition. — Va. Med. and Sura. Jour.,
Sept., 1856.
It may be considered almost a work of super-
erogation to enter into an elaborate criticism of a
work which has reached its seventh edition. The
public has pronounced, in the most authoritative
manner, its verdict, and we are certainly not dis-
posed in the present instance to dispute its de-
cision. In truth, such books as this will always
be favorably received by the Profession of our
country. They are labor-saving productions,
which, at the expense of much research and
reading to the author, condense in a convenient
IV.
THE PRACTICE OF MEDICINE.
A TREATISE ON SPECIAL PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS.
THIRD AND REVISED EDITION,
In ttco large octavo volumes, of about 1500 pages ; leather, $6.25.
The student of medicine will find in these two
elegant volumes a mine of facts, a gathering of
precepts and advice from the world of experience,
that will nerve him with courage, and faithfully
direct him in his efforts to relieve the physical suf-
ferings of the race. — Boston Med. and ,Siirn. Jour.
BLANCHARD AND LEA, PHILADELPHIA.
MEDICAL LEXIGOK.
DICTIONARY
' MEDICAL SCIENCE;
CONTAINING
A CONCISE EXPLANATION OF THE VARIOUS SUBJECTS AND TERMS OF ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY,
PATHOLOGY, HYGIENE, THERAPEUTICS, PHARMACOLOGY, PHARMACY, SURGERY, OB-
STETRICS, MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE, DENTISTRY, Etc.; NOTICES OF CLI-
MATE, AND OF MINERAL WATERS; FORMULiE FOR OFFICINAL,
EMPIRICAL, AND DIETETIC PREPARATIONS, Etc.;
FRENCH AND OTHER SYNONYMES.
KOBLEY DUNGLISON, M.D., LL.D.,
PROFESSOR OP THE INSTITUTES OP MEDICINE, ETC.,
IN THE J EPPERSON MEDICAL COLLEGE
OF PHILADELPHIA.
REVISED AND VEKY GREATLY ENLARGED.
*'-:ifONaeNEHAL'SUFFlCE I
Dt.^ 2—1901
PHILADELPHIA:
BLANCHARD AND LEA.
1857.
W
1557
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1857, by
BLANC HARD AND LEA,
in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.
COLLINS, PRINTER.
PREFACE.
On this new edition of his ''Medical Lexicon,^^ the author has bestowed
more than usual labour. It is not more than four years since a friendly re-
viewer, in one of the most learned of European medical periodicals, (the
"British and Foreign Iledico-Chirurgical Beview" ior Ju\j, 1853, p. 205,)
in noticing a former edition, remarked, that the labd^ir which had been bestowed
upon the work had "been something prodigious;" adding — "the work, how-
ever, has been now done, and we are happy in the thought, that no human
being will have again to undertake the same gigantic task. Revised and
corrected from time to time, Dr. Dunglison's 'Medical Lexicon' will last for
centuries."
Yet, in the present edition, not only has the work been "revised and cor-
rected," but about six thousand subjects and terms have been added, which are
not to be found in the one noticed by the "British and Foreign.'' Many of
these have been introduced into medical terminology in consequence of the
progress of the science ; whilst others had escaped the author in the previous
editions. These additions have necessarily required a great amount of labour,
which — as on every former occasion of the kind — has been cheerfully bestowed,
in order that the work might be rendered still more worthy of the vast favour
which it has experienced. It has ever been the anxious desire of the author to
make it a satisfactory and desirable — if not indispensable — lexicon, in which the
student may search without disappointment for every term that has been legiti-
mated in the nomenclature of the science ; and the present very carefully
revised, greatly enlarged, and accurately printed edition cannot fail to be more
extensively useful, and to offer stronger claims to the attention of the practi-
tioner and student, than any of its predecessors.
The author is grateful for the opportunity again afforded him of expressing
his acknowledgments for the reception which the Dictionary has met with
everywhere from the profession.
ROBLEY DUNGLISON.
Philadelphia, 1116 Gibard St.
July, 1857.
(5)
EXPLANATION.
If the simple synonymy of any term be needed, a mere reference to the term
may be sufficient ; but if farther information be desired, it may be obtained under
the term referred to. For example, the French word Tronc is said to be
synonymous with Trunk. This may be sufficient for the inquirer : should it
not, the requisite information may be found by turning to Trunk.
ABBREYIATIONS ARBITRARILY EMPLOYED.
Arab.
Arabic.
P.
Portuguese.
Ch.
Chaussier.
Ph. D.
Pharmacopoeia
of Dublin.
D.
Dutch.
Ph. E.
((
Edinburgli.
Da.
Danish.
Ph. L.
<(
London.
E.
English.
Ph. P.
<(
Paris.
F.
French.
Ph. U. S
((
of the Uni-
F. or
Fah.
Fahrenheit.
ted States
Fam.
Family.
ofAmerica.
G.
German.
PI.
Plural.
Heb.
Hebrew.
Prov.
Provincial.
I.
Italian,
R.
Reaumur.
Imp.
meas.
Imperial measure.
S.
Spanish.
Ir.
Irish.
S.g.
Specific Gravity.
L.
Latin.
Sax.
Anglo-Saxon.
Linn.
Linnaeus.
Sc.
Scottish.
Nat.
Ord.
Natural Order.
Sex. Syst
. Sexual Systea
I.
Old Eng.
Old English.
Sw.
Swedish.
Ord.
Order.
Yulg.
Yulgarly.
(T)
DICTIONARY
MEDICAL SCIENCE.
A.
ABBREVIATION
A, before a consonant; An before a vowel, a, av,
have, in the compound medical terms, a privative
or debasing signification, like that of the particles
in, im, uii, ir, in English. Thus: Sthcni'n means
strength; yts^AeHt'a, want of strength; AncBtnia,
want of blood, etc. Occasionally, in compound
words, they have an intensive meaning.
AACHEN, Aix-la-Chapelle.
A, or AA. See Abbreviation.
AANDE, Breath.
AARZHIL, MINERAL WATERS OP. A. is
in the canton of Berne, in Switzerland. The
chief spring contains chlorides of calcium and
sodium, sulphates of lime and soda, oxyd of
iron, and sulphohydric acid gas.
AASMUS, Anhelatio.
ABACH, MINERAL WATERS OF. A hydro-
sulphuretted saline spring not far from Ratisbon
or Regentsberg, in Bavaria.
ABAISSEMENT, Depression; a. de la Cata-
racte, see Cataract — a. de la Matrice, Prolapsus
uteri.
ABAISSEUB DE L'ATLE DU NEZ, De-
pressor alae nasi — a. de I'anglc des levres, De-
pressor anguli oris — a. de la levre inferieare,
Depressor labii inferioris — a. de la langiie, Gios-
socatochus — a. de la machoire inferieure, Digas-
tricus — a. de l'a:il, Rectus inferior oeuli.
ABALIENATIO MENTIS, Insanity.
ABALIENA'TUS. Con-uj/tus, Corrupted; from
ah, and alienus, 'different.' llembra abaliena'ta.
Limbs dead or benumbed. — Celsus, Scribonius
Largus.
ABANGA. Name given by the inhabitants of
St. Thomas to the fruit of a palm tree, the seeds
of which they consider very useful in diseases
of the chest, in the dose of three or four, two or
three times a day.
ABAPTIST' A. Abaph's'tonoTAbaptis'tum, from,
a, privative, and ffanTi^iiv, 'to plunge.' A term
applied to the old trepan, the conical shape of
which prevented it from plunging suddenly into
the cavity of the cranium.
ABAPTISTON, Abaptista.
ABAPTISTUM, Abaptista.
ABAREMO-TEMO. A Brazilian tree, which
grows in the monntains, and appears to bo a
mimosa. Piso relates that the decoction of its
bark, which is bitter and astringent, was applied
in that country to ulcers of a bad character.
ABARNAIIAS. Magnesia.
ABARTICULATIO, Diarthrosis, and Synar-
throsis.
A HA TA IWrSSE.UENT, Degeneration.
ADA TTEMEXT, Pro.^tration.
ABATTIS, Giblets.
ABBECOURT, MINERAL WATERS OF. A
chalybeate spring, six leagues from Paris, and
one from Poissy. It was once much frequented,
but is now abandoned.
ABBEVILLE, MINERAL WATERS OF. An
acidulous chalybeate at Abbeville, in the depart-
ment of Somme, France.
ABBREVIA'TION, Abbrevia'tio, Brachyn'sh,
Brachys'mos, Abbreviatu'ra. (F.) Abreviation,
from brevis, 'short.' Abbreviations are chiefly
used in medicinal formula;. They are by no
means as frequently employed now as of old,
when every article had its appropriate symbol.
The following are some of the abbreviations
which have been or are employed :
R. Recipe, Take.
A. AA, ANA, (ava) utriusqiie, of each.
Abdom. Abdomen.
Abs. Febr. Abse?ite febre, In the absence of
fever.
Ad. or Add. Adde or addatur.
Ad. Lib. Ad libitum, At pleasure.
Admov. Admoveatur, Let it be applied.
Altern. Hor. Alteniis horis. Every other hour.
Alv. Adstrict. Alvo adstrictd, The bowels
being confined.
Aq. Aqua, Water.
Aq. Bull. Aqua bulliena, Boiling water.
Aq. Comm. Aqua comiuHiiin, Common water.
Aq. Ferv. Aqua fervene, Hot water.
Aq. Font. Aqua /otitis. Spring water.
Aq. Marin. Aqua marina. Sea water.
B. a. Balneum arena, A sand-bath.
Bals. Balsamum, Balsam.
BB. BEDS. Barbadensis, Barbadoes.
Bib. Bibe, Drink.
Bis IND. Big indies. Twice daily.
B. M. Balneum maricB, (F.) Bain marie, A water
bath.
BoL. Bolus.
Bull. Bulliat, Let it boil.
But. Butyrum, Butter.
B. V. Balneum vaporis, A vapour bath.
C. Congius, A gallon.
CyERUL. Cwruleus, Blue.
Cap. Capiat, Let him take.
C. C. Comu cervi, Hartshorn.
C. C. U. Comu cerri tistuni. Burnt hartshorn.
C. M. Cras mane, To-morrow morning.
C. N. Cras nocte. To-morrow night.
C. V. Cms vesperc. To-morrow evening.
CoCHL. Cochleare, A spoonful.
CocHL. Ampl. Cochleare amplum, A large
spoonful.
(17)
ABBREVIATION
18 ABBREVIATION
CoCHL. Inp. Cochleare infantum, A child's
spoonful.
CocHL. Mod. or Med. Cochleare modicum or
medium, A dessert-spoonful.
CocHL. Parv. Cochleare purvum, A tea-spoonful.
Col. Cola, and Colaturce, Strain, and to the
strained.
Com P. Compositus, Compound.
CoNF. Confectio, Confection.
Cons. Conserva, Conserve.
Cost. Contimtetur, Let it be continued.
CoQ. Coque, Boil.
CoRT. Cortex, Bark.
Crast. Cra«tliius, For to-morrow.
Ci'.T. CiiJHH, Of which.
Ci'.irsL. Ciijuslibet, Of any.
Cyaih. Ci/iithus, A glassful.
Cyath. Thk/E, A cup of tea.
D. Dosis, A dose.
D. et S. Detur et signetur [placed at the end
of a prescription).
D. D. Detur ad. Let it be given in or to.
Deaur. Pil. Deauretur pilula. Let the pill be
gilded.
Deb. Spiss. Dehita spissitudo, A due consist-
ence.
Dec. Decanta, Pour off.
Decub. Decubitui, Lying down, going to bed.
De D. in D. De die in diem. From day to day,
Dbj. Alv. Dejecllones ah'i, Alvine evacuations,
Dep. Depnrntus, Purified.
Dest. DestiUn, Distil.
Det. Detur, Let it be given.
DiEB. Altern. Diebus (ilternls. Every otherday
Dieb. Tert. DiebuH tertiis, Every third day.
Dig. Diijeratur. Let it be digested.
DiL. Dilutuu, Dilute.
Dim. Dimldiux, One-half.
DiV. Divide, Divide.
DoNEC Alv. Solut. Fuer. Donee alvua soluta
fuerit, Until the bowels are opened.
DrACII. Drachma, A drachm.
E.iusD. Ejundem. Of the same.
Enem. Enema, A clyster.
ExHiB. Exhlbeatur, Let it be exhibited.
Ext. super Alut. Extende super alutam, Spread
upon leather.
F. Eiat, Let it be made.
F. PiL. Fiat plhila. Make into a pill.
F. Vex;es. or F. VS. Fiat venascctio. Let bleed-
ing be performed.
Feb. DtiR. i'VirerfHrn?;^?, The fever continninsr.
Fem. Intern. Femoribus internis, To the insidi
of the thighs.
Fist. Armat. Fistula nrmata, A bag and pipi
— a clyster pipe and bladder fitted for use.
Fl. Fluidus, and Flores, Fluid, and Flowers.
Trust. Frustil/ntim, In small pieces.
Gel. Quavis. Gelatina qudvis. In any kind of
jelly.
G. G. G. Gummi gutfcB GambicB, Gamboge.
Gr. Granum, A grain.
Gt. Gitttn, A drop. Gtt. Gutfce, Drops.
Gtt. or Gutt. Quibusd. Guttis quibusdam, With
some drops.
Gum. Gummi, Gum.
Guttat. Guttatim, By drops.
HoR. Decub. Hard decubitus. At bed-time.
HoR. Interm. Horia intermediis. At interme-
diate hours.
H. S. Hord somni. At bed-time.
Inf. Infunde, Infuse.
Ind. Indies, Daily.
Inj. ENEJf. Injiciatur enema. Let a clyster be
given.
In Pulw. In pulmento, In gruel.
Jul. Julepus, A julep.
Lat. Dol. Lateri dolcnti. To the pained side.
Lb. and Lib. Libra, A pound weight.
Lib. Llb. Libran, Pounds.
LiQ. Liquor.
M. Mifve, Mix.
Mac. Miuera, Macerate.
Man. Maniptlus, A handful.
Man. Prim. A'ane prima, Early in the morning.
Mic. Pan. Jfica panis. Crumb of broad.
MiN. Minimum, The 60th part of a drachm by
measure.
Mitt. Mitte, Send. . i ;i i
Mitt. Sang. iMittatur sanguis, Let blood be
drawn. . ,
Mod. Prescript. Modo prcesenjito, In tlic
manner directed.
MoR. Sol. More solito. In the usual manner.
Muc. MucHago, Mucilage.
N. M. Nux monchata, Nutmeg.
0. Octarius, A pint.
01. Oleum, Oil.
Ol. Lini, S. I. Oleum linisine igne, Cold-drawn
linseed oil.
Omn. Bid. Omni biduo, Every two days.
Omn. Bin. Omni blhorio. Every two hours.
Omn. Hor. Omni hord. Every hour.
Omn. Man. Omni mane, Every morning.
Omn. Noote, Every night.
Omn. Quadr. Hor. Omni quadrante horcs,
Every quarter of an hour.
0. 0. 0. Oleum oliccB optimum, Best olive oil.
Ov. Oiium, An egg.
Ox. Oxymel.
Oz. Uncia, An ounce.
P. Pondere, By weight, and Pars, A part.
P. and Pug. Pugillus, A pugil.
P. M. Partes cp.qualcs, E(|ual parts.
Part. Vic. Partitis vicibus, In divided doses.
Peract. Op. Emet. Peractd operalione emetii'i,
The operation of the emetic being over.
Pil. Pilula, A pill. Pil. or Pill. Pilula,
Pills.
Post. Sing. Sed. Lu). Post singv.lus scdes
liquidas, After every liquid evacuation.
Pot. Potio, A potion.
P. P. Pulris p<itrum, Jesuits' bark.
P. Rat. .^tat. Pro ratione cetatis. According
to the age.
P. R. N. Pro re natd, As occasion may be.
PuLV. Pulvis, A powder.
Q. P. Quantum pluceat. As much as may please.
Q. S. Quantum sufficit. As much as is sufEcient.
QuoR. Quorum, Of which.
Q. V. Quantum volueris, As much as you wish.
Rad. Radix, Root.
Ras. liasurcE. Shavings.
Eect. Rcctificatua, Rectified.
Red. or Redig. in Pulv. lledactus in pnlve-
rem, or liedigatur in pulverem, Powdered, or Let
it be powdered.
Reg. Umbil. Reyio umbilici. The umbilical
region.
Repet. Eepetatur, Let it be repeated.
S. A. Secundum artem, According to art.
Sem. Semen, Seed.
Semi-dr. Semi-drachma, half a drachm.
Semi-h. SKmi-hora, Half an hour.
Serv. Serva, Keep, preserve.
Sesquih. Scsquihora, An hour and a half.
Sesiinc. Sesunciri, An ounce and a half.
Si NoN Val. .SV nun valeat. If it does not answer.
Si Op. Sit. .SV opus sit, If there be need.
Si ViR. Perm. .S7iiVe»/»enHi'«a)if,If thestrcngtb
will permit.
Sing. Singulomm, Of each.
SoLV. S'dre, Dissolve.
§p. and Spir. Spirit us. Spirit.
Ss. Semi, One half.
St. Stet, Let it stand.
Sub Fin. Coot. Sub finem coctionis, Towards
the end of the boiling.
ABC^S
19
ABDUCTOR
Sum. Sumat, Let him take; also, Summitates,
Ihe tops.
S. V. Splritm villi, Spirit of wine.
S. V. R. Spiritua vini rectijicatus, Rectified
spirit of wine.
S.V.T.i'/xViVi/* Willi' <e/iM/or, Proof spiritof wine.
SvR. Sijrupns, Syrup.
Tkmp. Dext. Tempoti dextro, To the ri-^ht
temple.
T. 0. Tinctura opii, Tincture of opium.
Til., TiiA. and Tinct. Tiiu;tura, Tincture.
TiiiT. Trillin,, Triturate.
y. 0. S. or ViT. Ov. Sol. Vilello ovi soliUus,
Dissolved in the yolk of an egg.
VS. VeiKBHPctIo, Venesection.
Z.Z. Anciently myrrh: now zinziber or ginger.
tb, Libra, A pound, lib. Pounds.
5- Unc.in, An ounce.
f ,|, F/niduiicia, A fluidounce.
3- Drdchitm, A drachm.
*.^' t^l^iidfachiiui, A fiuidrachm.
f), Scriipiilum, A scruple.
■^K- Minimum, A minim.
ss, SemiiHin, or half; iss, one and a half.
j, one; ij, two; iij, three; iv, four, &c. See
Symbol.
The same system i.s not always followed in ab-
breviating. The subjoined will exhibit the usual
mode :
f5iss
f.^ss
gtt. xl. M.
R
Ill/us. Colomb.
Tinct. Gent, comp,
Si/r. Curt. Aiirant,
Tinct. Clips.
Capt. coch. ij. p. r. n.
This, written at length, is as follows :
Recipe
Infwti Colombo', sesqui-fluidunciam.
Tinctiir(B GentinntB OompoiilfB fluidrachmnm.
Si/rupi Corticia .4H)-tt)i(/ori«Hi semi-Quidraeh-
mam.
TinctitrcB Capsici guttas quadraginta.
Misce.
Capiat cochlearia duo pro re patS..
In the United Stiites the directions are always
written in English.
AnCJiS, Abscess — a. Aigu, see Abscess.
ABCES EN-ROUTONDE CHEMISE, Shirt-
button or Shirt-itnd Abscesa. A deep-seated mam-
mary abscess, following the septa of the breast,
and appearing under the skin, so as eventually to
give rise to one or more subcutaneous abscesses,
without losing the original character of submam-
mary suppuration. A cavity exists between the
integuments and the gland — another, larger, be-
tween the mamma and the chest — the two com-
municating by a passage, which is generally nar-
row — the whole having the e.xact appearance of a
shirt-stnd. — Velpeau.
ABCES CHAUD, see Abscess — a. Chroniqite,
see Abscess — a. pur Coni/eiiion, see Abscess —
a. Conaeculi/, Abscess, metastatic — a. Diathesi-
que, see Abscess — a. Froid, see Abscess — a. Me-
tnatntiqne. Abscess, metastatic — a. Retro-uterine,
see Retro-uterine — a. Scro/uleux, see Abscess — a.
Soudnin, see Abscess.
ABDO'MEN, from abdere, 'to conceal;' be-
cause it conceals the viscera; by some, fancifully
pre.sumeil to be from abdere, ' to conceal,' and
omentum, ' the caul.' From abdo is formed ahdo-
meii, as from lei/o, lei/iimen. Etron, ffi/poi/aa'trion,
J'hi/ace, Hypocie'linm, Epia'chion, Lup'aru, IIi/-
pochoi'iion, Gnater, Hi/poti'trion, Nedya, Neia'rn,
Nei'ra, Abdn' men. Venter, Venter imiia, Venter
in'fimua, Aloua, IPterna, The belly, (Sc.) Eyte,
Penche, Wciim. (Prov.) Daiji/ie, //'/_«/, Wiiii, Poo/,;
(¥.) Ventre, V. in/erieur, Bna ventre. The larg-
est of the throe splanchnic cavities, bounded,
above, by the diaphragm ; below, by the pelvis ;
behind, by the lumbar vertebrse ; and at the side*
and fore part, by muscular expansions. It is dis-
tinguished into three anterior regions, from above
to below; viz. the epigastric, umbilical, and hypo-
jgastric, each of which is itself divided into three
others, one middle, and two lateral: thus, the
e/iiffoatric rer/ion comprises the epiijnatrium and
hypochondria ; the uinbilical, the uinbilicna and
Jianka or lumbar ret/iona ; and the hyporpistric,
the hypofjaatriuni and iliac reyiona. None of
these regions has its limits well defined. The
chief viscera contained in the cavity of the abdo-
men, Cie'lia, Cavum Abdom'inis, are the stomach,
intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, &c.
It is lined by the peritoneum.
Abdomen, Pendulous, Physconia.
ABDOM'INAL, Ahdomina'lia, Ventra'lia, Ven-
tral. That which belongs to the Abdomen, as
abdominal muaclea, abdominal viacera, &c.
ABDOMINIS EXPLORATIO, Abdominos-
copia.
ABDOMINOSCOP'IA, Gaatroscnp'ia, Lapa-
roacop'la, Abdom'iiiia Explora'tio. Abdom'inoa.
copy. A hybrid word, from abdomen, 'the lower
belly,' and aKomoi, ' I view.' Examination of the
lower belly as a means of diagnosis. See Aus-
cultation.
ABDOM'INOUS, Ventrio'ana, Ventro'sua, from
abdomen, 'the belly.' Biij- bellied, Big-jyaunched,
Ventrip'oteut. Having a large abdomen.
ABDUCENS LABIORUM, Levatoranguli oris.
ABDUCENTES, Motor oculi externus.
ABDUCTEUH DE L'iElL, Rectus externus
oculi — a. de I'oreiUe, Al)duetor auris — a. du
gros orteil, Abductor pollicis pedis — a. du petit
orteil, Abductor minimi digiti pedis — a. court da
Tjoiice, Abductor pollicis brevis — a. longdupouce,
Abductor longus pollicis.
ABDUCTION, Abduc'tio, from abdncere, to
separate, (ab and ducere, 'to lead.') The move-
ment which separates a limb or other part from
the axis of the body.
The word has also been used synonymously
with Abrup'tio, Apag'ma, Apoclaa'ma, a fracture
near the articular extremity of a bone, with sepa-
ration of the fragments.
ABDUCTOR, same etymon. (F.) Abducteur.
A muscle which moves certain parts by separat-
ing them from the axis of the body.
Abductor Auricularis, Abductor auris — a.
Indicis pedis, Prior indicis pedis, Posterior indicia
pedis — a. Medii digiti pedis. Prior medii digiti
pedis — a. Minimi digiti. Flexor parvus minimi
digiti — a. Minimi digiti. Prior minimi digiti — a.
Oculi, Rectus externus oculi — a. Pollicis manfls,
and a. Brevis alter, Abductor pollicis brevis.
Abductor Auris, Abductor auricula' ria. (F.)
Abducteilr de I'oreiUe. A portion of the posterior
auria, whose existence is not constant, which
pa.«ses from the mastoid process to the concha.
Abductor In'dicis, Semi-interoa'aeus in'dicia.
A muscle which arises from the os trapezium and
metacarpal bone of the thumb, and is inserted
into the first bone of the forefinger. Its use is to
bring the forefinger towards the thumb.
Abductor Min'imi DiG"iTr, Carpo-phalan'geua
min'imi digiti, Carpo-jihalungien du petit doigt,
Extcn'aor ter'tii interno'dii minimi digiti — (Dou-
glas.) Hypoth'enar minor nietacarpeus. See
Flexor parvus. It originates, fleshy, from the os
pisiforme, and from the annular ligament near
it: and is inserted, tendinous, into the inner side
of the base of the first bone of the little finger.
Uae, to draw the little finger from the rest.
Abductor Minimi Digiti Pedis, Calco-sub-
phalangena minimi digiti, Calcaneo-phalangien
dii petit orteil, Parath'enar major — (By Wins-
low, the muscle is divided into two portions, — •
ABDUMEN
20
ABOMASUS
Parathenar major and metaUtrseus.) Calcaueo-
toua-phalangien du petit orteil — (Ch.) (F.) -46-
ducteur dn petit orteil. This muscle forms the
outer margin of the sole of the foot, and is im-
mediately beneath the plantar aponeurosis. It
arises, tendinous and fleshy, from the outer side
of the protuberance of the os calcis, and from
the root of the metatarsal bone of the little toe,
and is inserted into the outer part of the root of
the first bone of the little toe. Use, to draw the
little toe outwards.
Abductor Pol'licis Brevis, Abductor Polli-
cia Mau&8, Scapho-carpo-siiper-phalaticfeus Pol-
licis, Sus-phalangien du ponce, A. pollicia manna
and A. brevis alter — (Albinus.) (F.) Abductenr
court dn ponce, Carpo-sus-phalangien da ponce —
(Ch.) A short, flat, triangular muscle, which arises
from the anterior surface of the os scaphoides and
the annular ligament of the carpus, and termi-
nates at the outside of the upper extremity of
the first phalanx of the thumb. A particular por-
tion, on the inner side of this muscle, is called, by
Albinus, Abductor brevis alter.
Abductor Longus Pollicis, A. I. P. llanos.
Extensor osais metacorpi pollicia man&a, Ejctensor
primi internodii — (Douglas,) Extenaor primua
Pollicia, Cubito-radi-aua-metacarpien du ponce,
Cubito-Rua-metacarpien du ponce, — (Ch.) (F.)
Abducteur long du ponce. A long, thin muscle,
arising from the posterior surface of the ulna,
radius, and interosseous ligament, and inserted at
the outer side of the upper extremity of the first
metacarpal bone.
Abductor Pollicis Pedis, Calco-aub-phnlnn-
geua Pol'licis. (F.) Abducteur du gros orteil.
This muscle arises, fleshy, from the anterior and
inner part of the protuberance of the os calcis,
and tendinous from the same bone where it joins
•with the OS naviculare. It is inserted, tendinous,
into the internal os sesamoideum and root of the
first bone of the great toe. Use, to pull the great
toe from the rest.
The name Abductor has been given also to all
those interosseous muscles of the hand and foot,
which perform the motion of abduction on the
fingers or toes, and to muscles which execute the
same function on other parts of the body.
ABDUMEN, Abdomen.
ABEB^'OS, from a, neg., and PcPaio;, 'firm,'
Infir'mva, Beb'ilia. Weak, infirm, unsteady.
ABEILLE, Bee.
ABELMELUCH. One of the names of the Rici-
nus, according to some authors. — Prosper Alpinus
says that a tree, which grows about Mecca, is so
called. Its seeds, which are black and oblong,
are said to be a most violent cathartic.
ABELMOSCHUS, Hibiscus abelmoschus — a.
Moschatus, Hibiscus abelmoschus.
ABELMUSK, Hibiscus abelmoschus.
ABENSBERG, MINERAL WATERS OF. A.
is a city of Bavaria, where there is a cold, sul-
phureous spring.
ABERRATIO, Aberration — a. Lactis, Galac-
toplania — a. Mensium, Menstruation, vicarious —
a. Menstruorum, Menstruation, vicarious.
ABERRA'TION, Aberra'tio, from aberrare,
(ab and errare,) 'to stray,' 'to wander from.'
This word has several meanings.
1. The passage of a fluid of the living body
into an order of vessels not destined for it. In
this sense it is synonymous with the Error Loci
of Boerhaave.
2. The flow of a fluid towards an organ different
from that to which it is ordinarily directed ; as in
cases of vicarious hemorrhage. Aberrations of
aenae m judgment are certain errors in the percep-
tions, or certain derangements of the intellectual
faculties.
The word is used in optics to designate the
dispersion of the rays of light in passing through
a lens.
AnERRATioy, Chromatic, Aberration of Re-
frangibility.
Abehuation of Refrangibil'ity, Vhromat'ic
aberra'tion, (F.) Aberration de liefrungibilite,
Chromatisme, exists, when, as in a common lens,
the rays that pass near the circumference of the
lens are decomposed, so that a coloured image is
observed. This aberration in the human eye is
corrected by the iris, which does not permit the
rays to fall near the circumference of the lens,
and also by the crystalline lens itself, which,
owing to its structure, serves the purposes of an
achromatic glass.
Aberration, Spherical, Aberration of sphe-
ricity.
Aberration of Spheric"ity or spher'ical ab-
erra'tion takes place, when the rays, as in a com-
mon lens, which pass through the centre of the
lens, and those which pass near the circumfer-
ence, are unequally refracted, so that they do not
meet at a common focus.
This aberration of sphericity in the human cyo
is corrected by the iris and lens.
ABESSI, Realgar.
ABEVACUA'TIO, Apoceno'sis, from ab, and
evacnare, ' to empty.' An evacuation. A partial
or imperfect evacuation. By some it is applied
to an immoderate evacution. — Kraus.
ABIIAL. A fruit well known in India, and
obtained from a species of cypress. It passes for
an emmenagogue.
ABIES, Pinus picea — a. Balsamea, Pinus bal-
sam ea.
Abies Balsamifera, Pinus Balsamea — a. Ca-
nadensis, Pinus Canadensis — a. Excelsa, see Pinus
abies — a. Gallica, Pinus picea — a. Larix, Pinus
larix — a. Peotinata, Pinus picea — a. Picea, Pinus
picea — a. Rubra, Pinus rubra.
ABIGA, Teucrium Chamaepitys.
ABIOSIS, Death.
ABIOTOS, Conium maculatum.
ABIRRITA'TION,^6i>rV<a'<io,frora a6, priva-
tive, and irritatio, ' irritation.' This word strictly
means absence or defect of irritation. The disci-
ples of Broussais used it to indicate a pathological
condition, opposite to that of irritation. It may
be considered as synonymous with debility, as-
thenia, <fec.
ABLACTATIO, Weaning.
ABLASTES, Sterile.
ABLATIO, Extirpation.
ABLEPH'ARUS, from a, privative, and jSXe-
(papov, ' eyelid.' One who has no eyelids.
ABLEPSIA, Cseeitas.
ABLUENTIA, Detergents.
ABLUENTS, Detergents.
ABLUTION, Abln'tio, Aponip'aia, Cataclya'-
mua, from abluere, {ab and luere,) ' to wash.' A
name given to legal ceremonies in which the
body is subjected to particular affusions. Ablu-
tion (especially of the extremities) with cold or
tepid water is employed, therapeutically, to re-
duce febrile heat. Also, the washing by which
medicines are separated from the extraneous
matters mixed with them.
ABNORMAL, Abnormous.
ABNORMITY, Anomalia.
ABNOR'MOUS, Abnor'mia, Enor'mia, Abnor'-
mal, (F.) Anormal, from ab, 'from,' and norma,
'rule.' Not conformable to rule; irregular.
ABOLI"TION, AhoW'tio, destruction 'or sup-
pression, from ab and Inere (?) 'to wash.' A
word, often employed, especially by the French,
to express the complete suspension of any symp-
tom or function. Abolition of the aight, e. g. is the
complete lose of sight.
ABOMA'SUS, Aboma'sum, Enys'troti, Veniric'
ABOMINATIO
21 ABSCESS
t('»« intesthia'Us, Rennet, (Sc.) Roddildn, (F.)
CaiUette. The lowermost or fourth stomach of
ruminating animals.
ABOMINATIO, Disgust.
ABONDANUE, Plethora,
ABORSIO, Abortion.
ABORSUS, Abortion.
ABORTICIDIUM, Foeticide.
AIWUTIF, Abortive.
ABORTIFACIENS, Abortive.
ABORTION, Abor'tHs, Ahor'eua, Ahor'sio, Dys-
to cia (iborti'vrt, Oinoto'cin, Paracye'sis nbortus,
Amblo'via, AiiMo'mo, Amblos' miis, Ec'bole, Em-
bryotoc'ia, Biiiph'thora, Ectro'gis, Examblo' ma,
E.rnmb/o'nis, Ectroa'mo8, Apopal/e'm's, Apopal'sis,
Apo/jh'lhora, Phthora, Convul'sio u'ten, Deper-
di'tio.{F.) Avortement, ^/c«s)()-e, Miscarriage; from
ab and oriri, 'to rise,' applied to that which has
an'nen out of season. The expulsion of the foetus
before the seventh month of utero-gestation, or
■before it is viable. The causes of this accident
are referable either to the mother, and particu-
Ijtrly to the uterus ; or to the foetus and its de-
pendencies. The causes, in the mother, may be :
— extreme nervous susceptibility, great debility,
plethora, faulty conformation, <fec. ; and it is fre-
quently induced immediately by intense mental
emotion, violent exercise, <fcc. The causes seated
in the foetus are its death, rupture of the mem-
branes, &e. It most frequently occurs between
the 8th and 12th weeks of gestation. The symp-
toms of abortion are : — uterine hemorrhage with
or without flakes of decidua, with intermitting
pain. When abortion has once taken place, it is
extremely apt to recur in subsequent pregnancies
about the same period. Some writers have called
abortion, when it occurs prior to three months.
Effluxion. The treatment must vary according
to the constitution of the patient and the causes
giving rise to it. In all cases, the horizontal
posture and perfect quietude are indispensable.
Abortion is likewise applied to the product of
an untimely birth, — Aboi-'tiis, Abor'nus, Apoble'-
ma, Apob'ole, Ecblo'ma, Ainbluthrid' ion, Ectro'-
ma, Fi-uc'lus immatii'rus, Abortment, (F.) Avor-
ton, Aoortin.
TO ABORT, Abori'ri. To miscarry. (F.)
Avorter.
ABOR'TIVE, Aborti'vus, Ecbol'iua, Amblo'ti-
cua, Ainblothrid'ium, Ambol' icua, Phthor'ius, Apo-
phthnr'iua, Ectrot'icus, Abort i/a'ciena, Acyte'-
riiia, Ejcpel'lens, Phthiroc'toniia, Phthoroc'tonva,
Ecbol' Ikiis, Contrnc' tor u'teri, Aecel.era' tor Partxia,
Parturient, Parturi/a'cient, Ecbolic. (F.) Abor-
tif. A medicine to which is attributed the pro-
perty of causing abortion. There is probably no
direct agent of the kind.
ABORTMENT, Abortion.
ABORTUS, Abortion.
AnOUOHEMENT, Anastomosis.
ABOULAZA, a tree of Madagascar, used, ac-
cording to Flacourt, in the practice of the coun-
try, in diseases of the heart.
ADOUTISSEMENT, Suppuration.
ABOYEUSES, see Convulaionnaire.
ABRABAX, Abraanx, Abraxaa. A mystic
term, expressing the number 365, to which the
Cabalists attributed miraculous properties.
ABRACADA'BRA, Abraaada'brn, the name
of a Syrian idol, according to Selden. This
word, wiien pronounced and repeated in a certain
form and a certain number of times, was sup-
posed to have the power of curing fevers and
preventing many diseases. It was figured on
amulets and worn suspended around the neck.
D X 1 X 3 -I X
X n X 3 1 X
T X 3 1 X
X 3 -I X
3 -I X
1 X
X
ABRACALAN, A cabalistic term to which the
Jews attributed the same virtue as to the word
Abracadabra.
ABRASABRA, Abracadabra.
ABRASAX, Abrabax.
ABRA'SION, (Prov.) Fleck, Abra'aio, Apoayr'.
ma, Apoxya'mva, from abradere, (ab and radeie,)
' to rasp.' A superficial excoriation, with loss of
substance, under the form of small ahreds, in the
mucous membranes of the intestines, — (F.) Bn-
elurea dea Boyaux. Also an ulceration of the
skin, possessing similar characters. According
to Vicq d'Azyr, the word has been used for the
absorption of the molecules composing the various
organs.
ABRATHAN, Artemisia abrotanum.
ABRAXAS, Abrabax.
ABRE, Abrus precatorius.
ABREVFATJON, Abbreviation.
ABRICOT, see Prunus Armeniaca — a. Sau-
vage, Mammea Americana.
ABRICOTIER, Prunus Armeniaca.
ABROSIA, Abstinence.
ABROTANUM, Artemisia abrotanum — a.
Cathsum, Artemisia abrotanum — a. Mas, Arte-
misia abrotanum.
ABROTONE, Artemisia abrotanum.
ABROTONI'TES, (oivog, 'wine,' understood.)
Wine impregnated with Artemisia Abrotanum or
Southernwood.
ABROTONUM, Artemisia Abrotanum.
ABRUPTIO, Abduction.
ABRUS PRECATO'RIUS, (from a^poi, 'ele-
gant.') Liq'orice Buah, Red Bean, Love pea. (F.)
Abrc, Liane H rexjliaae. A small ornamental
shrub, found from Florida to Brazil, as well as in
Egypt and the West Indies,- N<it. Ord. Leguuii-
nosae. Sex. Syat. Monadelphia Enneandria; hav-
ing beautiful scarlet seeds with a black spot. The
roots and leaves are sweet mucilaginous demul-
cents. The seeds of the American kind are con-
ridered to be purgative and poisonous. They are
employed to form rosaries, and hence called, iu
mockery, Jumble beads.
ABSCESS, from abacedo, (aba, and cedere,) ' I
depart,' or 'separate from.' Abaces'aua, Abacea'-
aio, Aphiste'ais, Apoate'ma, Ecpye'ma, Ecpye'sia,
Recee'aua, Impoa'thnme, Gathering. (Old Eng.)
Apo3temacion,Apoat'hume. (Sc.) Hattrel. (Prov.)
CohI, Numpost, Pastime. (F.) Abcea, Depot. A
collection of pus in a cavity, the result of a mor-
bid process. See Pyogenia, and Suppuration.
The French have various distinctive terms for
Abscesses.
Abcea Chaud, Aigu, Soudain, is one which fol-
lows violent inflammation.
Abcea Froid, Chronique, Scrofulenx, cold,
chronic, or acrofuloua abscess, one which is the
result of chronic or scrofulous inflammation.
Abcea par Congestion, A. diathesique, asympto-
matic abscess ; one which occurs in a part at a
distance from the inflammation by which it is
occasioned : e. g. a lumbar abaceas ,- in which tho
inflammation may be in the lumbar vertebrae,
whilst the pus exhibits itself at the groin.
Abscess, Alveolar, Parulis — a. Cold, see
Abscess.
ABSCISSIO PR.EPUTII
Abscess, Metastat'ic, Absces'sim metaitat'-
iciiK, (F.) Abcen iiiftdsliiiique, A. consecutif, an
abscess which forms sudilenly, and soinetimcs
without any precursor)' signs of inflammation, in
a part of the body remote from one in a state of
suppuration, and without presenting a sufficient
reason for its development in tlie place which it
occupies. It is a consequence of phlebitis.
Adsckss, Pkiifohating of the Lung, see
Lung, perforating abscess of the — a. Perilaryn-
geal, see Perilaryngitis — a. Psoas, Lumbar ab-
scess — a. Retropharyngeal, see Retropharyngeal
— a. Shirtstud, Abcen en bniitun de chemine.
ABSCB.SSUS Capitis Sanguineus Neonatorum,
Cephalieraatoma — a. Cerebri, Encephalopyosis —
a. Gangraenescens, Anthrax — a. Gangriienosus,
Anthrax — a. Lacteus, Mastodynia apostematosa
— a. Lumborurn, Lumbar abscess — a. Mammffi,
Mastodynia apostematosa — a. Metastaticus, Ab-
scess, metastatic — a. Nucleatus, Furunculus — a.
Oculi, Hypopyon — a. Pectoris, Empyema — a.
Pulmonum, Pneumapostema — a. Rcnalis, Ne-
phrapostasis — a. Spirituosus, Aneurism — a. Tho-
racis. Empyema — a. Urinosus, Urapostema.
ABSCISSIO PR.EPUTH, Circumcision.
ABSCIS'SION, Ab8cia'io, Abscis'nio, from ab-
ecidere or abiciiidere, ' to cut off,' Apoc'ope,
Apothynu' 818, Dinc'ope. Excision or extirpation
(if a part, especially of a soft part. — Fabricius
Uildanus.
Fracture or injury of soft parts, with loss of
substance. — Hippocrates.
Diminution, or loss of voice. — Celsus.
Sudden and premature termination of a dis-
ease. — Galen.
ABSCONSIO, Sinus.
ABSENCB DU BRUIT RESPIRATOIRE,
see Murmur, respiratory.
ABSINTHE, Artemisia absinthium.
ABSINTHl'TES, ai|iv5(rr,s, Apainthi'ies, Wine
impregnated with Absinthium or Wormwood. —
Dioscorides.
ABSINTHIUM, (Ph. U. S.,) Artemisia ab-
sinthium — a. Marinura, Artemisia maritima — a.
Marilimum, Artemisia maritima — a. Ponticum,
Artemisia pontica — a. Romanum, Artemisia pon-
tica — a. Santonicum, Artemisia santonica — a.
Vulgare, Artemisia absinthium.
AHSORBANT, Absorbent.
ABSOR'BENT, Abeor'bens, from ahsorbere (ab
and sorbere,) 'to drink, to suck up.' (F.) Ab-
sorbant. That which absorbs.
Absorbent System is the collection of vessels,
Vdia abnorben'tia sen resoibeii'tin, and glands,
which concur in the exercise of absorption.
A medicine used for absorbing acidity in the
stomach and bowels, as magnesia, chalk, &c. In-
oerVens, Re8or'beii8, S<it' nrans, PrcBci'p'itans.
Also, any substance, such as cobweb, sponge,
Ac, which, when applied to a bleeding surface,
retains the blood, and forms with it a solid and
adhesive compound, which arrests the hemor-
rhage.
ABSORPTIO, Absorption — a. Sanguinis,
Haemorrhophesis.
ABSOKP'TION, Ab8or2}'t;o, Resnrp'tio, Liha-
la'tio, Imbibit"io, Anar'rhophe, Aiiarrophe'^is,
Oatnpino'sia, Rho'ebde'ais, Ctitarrhophe'sis, Ca-
tnr' rhnphe ; same etymon.' The function of ab-
sorbent vessels, by virtue of which they take up
substances from without or within the body. Two
great divisions have been made of this function.
1. Externnl absorption, or the absorption of com-
position, which obtains, from without the organs,
the materials intended for their composition ;
and, 2. Internal absorption, or the absorption of
decomposition, which takes up from the organs
! ABSUS
By external absorption is meant not only that
which takes place at the external surlacc ot the
body, but also that of the mucous membnines ol
the digestive and respiratory passages. Hence,
again, the division of external absorption into cu-
taneona—rtsorp'tio cut<i'nea seu cutis, inliola tio
cutis, — intestinal or digestive, and pulmonary or
respirator!/. , ,. • , i • i
Internal absorption is also subdivuled into,
1. Molecular or interstitial, nutritive, or<janic, or
decomposim/, which takes up from each organ the
materials tiiat constitute it, so that the decompo-
sition is always in equilibrio with the deposition.
2. The absorption of recrenientitial secreted Jlnidi,
such as the lluid of serous membranes, synovia,
<fec. As these are constantly exhaled ou surfaces
which have no external outlet, they would aug-
ment indehnitely, if absorption did not remove
them in the same proportion as that in which
they are deposited. 3. The absorption of a part
of the ejL-cremeutitial Jlaids, as they pass over the
excretory passages.
Absorption does not effect the decomposition
of the body immediately. It merely prepares the
fluid which has to be eliminated by the secretory
organs.
The great agents of external absorption are the
veins and chyliferous vessels; of internal absorp-
tion, probably the lymphatics. In the chylife-
rous vessels and lymphatics the fluid is always
found to possess the same general properties.
In them, therefore, an action of elaboration or
selection must have taken place. The veins, on
the other hand, seem to exert no selection. Any
fluid, possessing the necessary tenuity, passes
through the coats of the vessel readily by imbibi-
tion, and proceeds along with the torrent of the
circulation. Watery fluids in this manner enter
the blojd when they are taken into the stomach.
Substances that require digestion, on the other
hand, must pass through the chyliferous vessels
and thoracic duct.
Absorption of Composition, see Absorption—
a. Cutaneous, see Absorption — a. of Leouiuposi-
tion, see Absorption — a. Digestive, see Absorp-
tion — a. External, see Absorption — a. of Excre-
mentitial Secreted Fluids, see Absorption — a.
Internal, see Absorption — a. Intestinal, see Ab-
sorption — a. Interstitial, see Absorption — a.
Molecular, see Absorption — a. Nutritive, see Ab-
sorption — a. Organic, see Absorption — a. Pul-
monary, see Absorption — a. of Recreineutitial
Secreted Fluids, see Absorption — a. Respiratory,
see Absorption.
ABSTEME, Abstemious.
ABSTE'MIOUS, Abste'mius, Aoi'nos, from (i6»,
'without,' and temetum, 'wine.' (F.) Abstiime.
Used by the ancient writers, as well as by the
French, in the sense only of its roots; one who
abstains from wine or fermented liquors in
general.
ABSTERGENTIA, Detergents.
ABSTERSIVA, Detergents.
ABSTERSORIA, Detergents.
AB'STINENCE, Abstinen'tia, from ahs, 'from,'
and tenere, 'to hold,' Abros'ia, Asit'ia, Liman'-
chia, Limocton'ia, Fasting. Privation, usually
voluntary, as when we speak of abstinence from
pleasure, abstinence from drink, Ac. It is more
particularly used to signify voluntary privation
of certain articles of food. Fasting is a useful re-
medial agent in certain diseases, particularly in
those of an inflammatory character.
ABSUS, a kind of cassia, 0. Abaitn, which
grows in Egypt and in India, the seeds of which,
pulverized and mixed with powdered sugar, have
the materials that have to be replaced by the iSbeen employed in form of a dry collyrium, in the
exhalants.
endemic ophthalmia of Egypt.
ABULIA
23
ACCABLEMENT
ABU'LIA ; from a, 'privative,' and /JouXi/, 'will.'
Loss of the will, or of volition.
AIJU'HCUS ; same etymon. One who has lost
the power of will or of volition.
Alius DE SOf.Jl//>ME, Masturbation.
ABUTA (a Guiana name), Pareira brava.
ABUTILON AVICENN/E, A. Corda'tum, Si-
da Aba' t Hon, Indian or y'ellow 3IaUow, Velvet
leaf; Order, Malvaceae, (from a, privative,' (iovi,
'an ox,' and tiAoj, ' diarrhoea,' that is, ' a remedy
for the diarrhtca of cattle ;') is naturalized, and
common in most parts of the United States. It
resembles common mallow in its properties, being
mucilaginous and demulcent.
ABVACUA'TIO, an excessive or colliquative
evacuation of any kind.
ACACIA, (Ph. U. S.) Acaciae gurami— a. Cate-
chu, Catechu — a. False, Robinia pseudo-acacia —
a. Germanica, see Prunus spinosa— a. Giraffa, see
Acaciie gummi — a. Horrida, see Acaciae gummi
— a. Indica, Tamarindus — a. Nilotica, see Acaciae
gummi — a. Nostras, see Prunus spinosa— a. Sene-
gal, see Senegal, gum — a. Vera, see Acaciae gum-
mi— n. Zeylonica, Ilaematoxylon Campechianum.
ACACI/E GUMMI, Acn'cia, from gkv, 'a
point,' so called in consequence of its spines, G.
Acn'cia; Arab'iccB, G. Mimo'scB, G. Arah'icnm, G.
Acanth'Inum, G. Leucum, G. Theba'iciim, G. Se-
rnpid'iiia, G. Lnmnc, G. Senega or Seneca, (see
Senegal, gum,) Gum Ar'abic. (F.) Gomme Ara-
bi(/iie. The gum of the Aca'cia seu Mimo'sa
Nilot'icn, Aca'cia vera. Spina JSgyptiaea, of
Upper Egypt, Nat. Ord. Mimoseae. Sex. Si/st.
Polygamia Monoecia. It is in irregular pieces,
colourless, or of a pale yellow colour, hard, brittle,
of a shining fracture, transparent, soluble in
water, and insoluble in alcohol, s. g. 1-4317.
It is mucilaginous ; but is rarely used, except
in pharmacy. Sometimes it is administered alone
as a demulcent.
Acacia Horrida and A. Giraffes, of South
Africa, yield a good gum.
ACA.TOU, (of Indian origin) Anacardium oc-
cidentale.
AcAJUBAOFFicnfALis, Anacardium occidentale.
Acal'ypha Bktuli'na, Cauda felis agrestin.
(a, 'privative,' «aXoj, 'beautiful,' and a0v, 'touch']
is employed by tlie natives of India as a stoma-
chic and in cholera. It is given in the form of
infusion of the leaves.
Acalypha Hispida, Caturus spiciflorus.
Acal'ypha In'dica, 'disagreeable to the
touch.' Ciipameni, Order Euphorbiacea3. A com-
mon annual in the gardens of India. An infusion
of the root, and a decoction of the leaves are
cathartic.
Acal'ypha Virgin'ica. Three-seeded mer'eury,
indigenous, flowering in August, is said to have
expectorant and diuretic properties.
ACA.M'ATUS, from a, priv., and KOfivo), 'I la-
bour.' This word has been sometimes used for
a good constitution of the body. According to
Galen, it means that position in which a limb is
intermediate between flexion and extension; a
position which may be long maintained without
fatigue.
ACAMPSIA, Contractura.
ACANOS, Onopordium acanthium — a. Spina,
Onopordium acanthium.
ACANTIIA, Vertebral column. Also, Spinous
process of a vertebra.
ACANTIIAB'OLUS, Acan'thulus, Volsel'la,
from aKav5a, 'a spine,' and /JaAAu, 'I cast out.'
A kind of forceps for removing extraneous sub-
stances from wounds. — Paulus of iEgiua, Fabri-
cius ab Aquapendcnte, Scultetus, <fec.
ACANTHALZUCA, Echinops.
AC AX THE FAUSSE, Heracleum spondy-
lium.
ACANTIIIA LECTULARIA, Cimex lectu-
larius.
ACANTHIUM, Onopordium acanthium.
ACANTHULUS, Acanthabolus.
ACANTHUS MOLLIS, (aKav^a, 'a spine or
thorn,') same etymon as Acacia. Melamjjhyl'-
lum, Branca urai'na seu vera, Brankur'aine,
Bear's Breech. (F.) Pied d'ottrs. This plant is
mucilaginons like Althaea, and is used as a de-
mulcent.
ACAPATLI, Piper longum.
ACAR'DIA, from a, priv., and xapSia, 'the
heart.' The state of a foetus without a heart.
ACARDIOH^'MIA. (F.) Acardiohemie, from
a, priv., KopSia, 'heart,' and ai/<a 'blood.' AVant
of blood in the heart. — Piorry.
ACARDIONER'VIA, (F.) Acardionervie :
from a, priv., xupita, 'heart;' and vcvpov, ' nerve.'
Want of nervous action in the heart as indicated
by the sounds ceasing to be audible.
ACARDIOTROPHIA, Heart, atrophy of the.
AC A RE, Acarus.
AC'ARICIDE, from acarus, and ccedere, 'to
kill.' A destroyer of acari, — as of the acarus
scabiei.
ACARICO'BA. The Brazilian name for Hy.
drocol'yle umbella'tnm, used by the Indians as
an aromatic, alexipharraic, and emetic.
ACARON, Myricagale.
ACARP'^, from a, 'privative,' and Ataproj,
'fruit.' A division of the family of cutaneous
diseases by Fuchs, in which there is no " fruit,"
((ierm. Frucht,) or production from the cutane-
ous surface — tubercles, vesicles or pustules.
Lentigo, Chloasma, Argyria, and Pityriasis be-
long to it.
ACARUS, from a, privative, and (ca/,)??, 'di-
visible.' (F.) Acare. A minute insect, one spe-
cies of which has been noticed, by several obser-
vers, in the itch. The Acarus Scabiei, see Psora.
Acarus Giro, se'e Psora — a. Comedonum,
Acarus Folliculorum.
Ac'arus Cros'sei, Crosse mite. An insect sup-
posed by Mr. Crosse, of England, to have been
developed in a solution of silicate of potassa when
submitted to slow galvanic action, for the pur-
pose of obtaining crystals of silex. It did not,
however, prove to be a new formation.
Acarus Folliculo'rum, A. Comedo'num, En-
tozo'on seu De'modex seu Simo'nea seu Steatozo'-
on folliculo'rum, JIfacro/jas'ter plat'ypus. An
articulated animalcule, discovered in the sebace-
ous substance of the cutaneous follicles. Accord-
ing to Professor Owen, it belongs to the Ara-
chnida.
Acarus Scabiei, Acarus, see Psora.
ACATALEP'SIA, from a, privative, and xara-
Xa/ilSai'oj , 'I comprehend.' Uncertainty in dia-
gnosis. Its opposite is Catalepsia. — Galen.
ACATAP'OSIS, from a, privative, and xara-
ruiTif, ' deglutition.' Incapacity of swallowing.
Vogel has given this name to difficulty of deglu-
tition.
ACATASTAT'IC, Acatastat'icus, from a, priv.,
and Ka^taTrj/ii, ' to determine.' An epithet given
to fevers, Ac, when irregular in their periods or
symptoms. — Hippocrates.
ACATHAR'SIA, from a, priv., and Ka&atpt^to,
' I purge ;' Sordes, Impurities. Omission of a pur-
gative. — Foesius.
ACATSJAVAL'LI, a Malabar plant, which is
astringent and aromatic. A bath of it is used in
that country in cases of hemicrania. It is sup-
posed to be the Cassytha filiforniis of Linnaeus.
ACAWERIA, Ophioxvlum serpentinum.
ACCABLEMENT, Torpor.
ACCELERATEUR
24
ACEPIIALOGASTER
ACOEtiRATEUR BE L' URINE, Accele-
rator urinas.
ACCELERATOR PARTUS, Abortive.
Accelera'tor Uri'na!, Bulbo-caverno'aua, Bitl-
hn-tiretral — (Ch.), EJacula'tor Sciii'iuts, Biilbo-
si/tidesmo-caverneux. (F.) Accelerate itr de I'urine,
J3ulbo-caverneux, Ano-eaverneux, from ad and
celer, ' quick.' A muscle of the penis, which
arises, fleshy, from the sphincter ani and mem-
branous part of the urethra, and tendinous, from
the crus and beginning of the corpus caverno-
sum penis. In its course it forms a thin, fleshy
layer, the inferior fibres of which run more trans-
versely than the superior, which descend in an
oblique direction ; the muscles of both sides com-
pletely enclosing the bulb of the urethra. It is
inserted into its fellow by a tendinous line run-
ring longitudinally on the middle of the bulb.
Its use is to propel the urine or semen forwards.
ACCENT, Sonus vocis, from ad and canerc,
cantuin, to sing. Inflection or modification of the
voice, which consists in raising or dropping it on
certain syllables.
The accent exhibits various alterations in dis-
ease. ^
ACCES, Paroxysm.
ACCES'SION, Acces'sfo, from aeeedo, {ad and
cedere,) 'I approach.' The invasion, approach,
or commencement of a disease.
ACOESSOIBE, Accessory— a.dulongFlechis-
scur commnn des orteils : see Flexor longus digi-
torum pedis profundus perforans (accessorius) —
a.de I'Obturateur interne, Ischio-trochanterianus
■ — a. da Pied d' Hippocampe : see Cornu ammonis
— a.du Sacro-lombaire : see Sacro-lumbalis.
ACCESSORIUS FLEXOR LONGUS DIGI-
TORUM PEDIS; see Flexor longus digitorum
pedis profundus perforans (accessorius) — a. Pedis
hippocampi; — see Cornu ammonis.
ACCESSORY, Acccsso'rins, (F.) Accessoire,
Annexe, same etymon. A consequence or de-
pendence on any thing; as accessory ligament,
muscle, nerve, <fcc.
Accessory op the Parot'ib is a name given
by Haller to a small gland, which accompanies
the parotid duct, and is commonly a mere pro-
longation of the parotid itself. See Parotid.
AccEssoRV Sciences to Medicine are those
which do not relate directly to the science of
man in a state of health or disease ; as physics,
chemistry, <fec.
Accessory op the Par Vagum, Spinal nerve.
The term accessory is also given to several
muscles.
ACCESSUS, Coition.
ACCIDENS, Symptoma — a. Consecutifs, Con-
secutive phenomena.
ACCIDENT, Ac'cidens, from accidere, {ad and
cadere,) ' to happen.' A casualty ; an unforeseen
event. The French — like older English writers
— use the term in nearly the same sense as symp-
tom. It means also an unexpected symptom.
ACCIDEN'TAL, Advanti" tious. That which
happens unexpectedly.
The French give the name Tissue accidentels
to those adventitious textures, that are the result
of a morbid process.
ACCIP'ITER, Hi'erax, \tpa^, ' the hawk,' from
accipere {ad and capio,) 'to take.' Menec'ratis
Accip'iter, (F.) Epervier. A bandage applied
over the nose, so called from its likeness to the
claw of a hawk.
ACCLI'MATED, Clima'ti assue'tus, (from ad
and clima.) A word of recent introduction from
the French, which means 'accustomed to a cli-
mate.'
ACCLIMATATION, Acclimation.
ACCLIMATEMENT, Acclimation.
ACCLIMATION, Seas'oning. {¥.) Acdimate-
ment, Acclimalation. The act of becoming accli-
mated or accustomed to a climate.
The constitution of a person, who goes to live
in another and a very different climate usually
experiences changes, which are frequently of an
unfavourable character, and the study ot which
is of considerable importance i" "medicine.
ACCOMPAGNEMENT DE LA CATA.
RAOTE, Accompaniment of the cataract.
ACCOM'PANIxVIENT, Adjun'ction. (F.) Ac-
compaqnement, {eompagnon, ' an associate'). That
whichis joined to any thing.
Accompaniment to the cataract, {I.) Accom-
pagnement de la cataracte, is a whitish, viscid
substance, which sometimes surrounds the opake
crystalline lens, and remains after the operation
for cataract, causing a secondary cataract.
ACCOUCHEE, Puerpera.
ACCOUCHEMENT, Parturition — a. Labori-
ous, Dystocia — a. cnntre Nature, see Presentation,
preternatural— a. Laborieux, Laborious labour,
— a. Provoqne, see Parturition.
ACCOUCHEUR, (F.) Adju'tor Part&s, Ob.
stet'ricans, Obstetri"cius, Maieu'ter, Maieu'tes.
He who practices the art of midwifery. A physi-
cian-Accoucheur, a Surgeon-Accoucheur, a JJan-
midxvife, &c.
ACCOUCHEUSE, Midwife.
ACCOUPLEMENT, Coition.
ACCOUTUMANCE, Habit.
ACCRE'TION, Accre'tio, from ad, *to,' and
crescere, 'to increase.' Augmentation; (F.) Ac-
croissement ; also, increase by juxtaposition.
ACCROISSEMENT, Accretion, Increase.
ACCUSATIO, Indication.
ACE'DIA, Jncu'ria, from a, privative, and
Ke&oi, ' care.' Want of care, neglect. Also, fa-
tigue. — Hippocrates.
ACELLA, Axilla.
ACEOGNOSIA, Pharmacognosia.
ACEOLOGIA, Materia Medica.
ACEPHALE, Acephalous.
ACEPHALH^'MIA, (F.) Acephalhemie,ivom.
a, priv., Kt<pa\ri, ' head,' and aiyia, ' blood.' Want
of blood in the encephalon. — Piorry.
ACEPHALIA, see Acephalous.
ACEPHALTE, see Acephalous.
ACEPHALOBRA'CnUS, from a, privative,
K£<pii\rj, ' head,' and ppa^Kiiv, ' arm.' A foetus
without head or arms.
ACEPHALOCAR'DIA, from a, priv., tKtpaXv,
' head,' and Kupiia, ' heart.' Monstrosity in which
there is absence of head and heart.
ACEPHALOCHI'RUS, from a, privative, kc-
(paXri, 'head,' and x"P> 'hand.' A foetus without
head or hands.
ACEPH'ALOCYST, Acephalocys'tis, (F.) Ace-
phalocyste, from a, privative, Kci^aXr;, 'head,' and
KujTif, 'bladder.' A hydatiform vesicle, without
head or visible organs, ranked amongst the Ento-
zoa, although possessed of few animated charac-
teristics. In no organ of the body are acepha-
locysts so frequently found as in the liver. Gene-
rally it is the 'multiple acephalocyst,' A. socia'-
lis seu prolif'era, which is met with. At times,
however, it is the 'solitary acephalocyst,' A.
eremi'ta seu ster'ilis.
The acephalocyst! s endog"ena has a firm coat,
and is composed of different layers, which have
numbers of smaller hydatids within them, and
are thrown og' from the interior of the parent
cyst. This species has hence been termed en-
dogena, to distinguish it from the A. exog"ena
of ruminant animals, in which the young vesicles
are developed from the exterior of the parent
vesicles. — See Hydatid.
ACEPIIALOGAS'TER. Athoracoceph'afus,
from a privative, Kt<pa\ri, 'head,' and yaar/jp, 'the
ACEPIIALOPODUS
25
ACETONE
belly.' A nanio gh-en to monsters devoid of head,
chcHt, and abdomen ; or to those which have an
abdomen, but no chest or head.
ACEFHALOP'ODUS, from a, priv., Ke<pa\r,,
'head,' and novs, no6of, 'foot.' A monster devoid
of head and feet. The condition is called Acephu-
lopod'ia.
ACKPHALORA'CIIIA, from a, priv., w^aXi,,
'head,' and pax^i, 'spine.' Monstrosity in which
there is absence of head and spine.
ACE PHALOS'TOMA, from a, privative, «f£0aX;7,
' head,' and (rrofia, 'mouth.' An acephalous foetus,
at the upper part of which there is an opening
resembling a mouth.
ACEPUALOTHORA'CIA, from a, privative,
KitpaXix, ' head,' and ^upnf, &tapaKO(:, ' thorax.'
Monstrosity in which there is absence of head
and chest.
ACEPHALOTIIO'RUS, from a, privative,
Kt(pa\Ti, 'head,' and ■Jupa^, ' chest,' Ajjectocejih'alus.
A monster devoid of head or chest.
ACEPH'ALOUS, from a, privative, and KtipaXtj,
'head.' (F.) Acephale. A monster born devoid
of head. The condition is called Acepha'lia. (F.)
Acephalie.
ACER, Acrid.
Acer Palmifolium, A. Saccharinum.
Acer Pennsylvan'icum, Striped Ifaple,
Striped Dofjwood. A decoction of the bark has
been used internally and externally in cutaneous
atfections ; and a decoction of the leaves and twigs
is said to relieve nausea and vomiting.
Acer Rubrum, lied Jfuple ; Indigenous. The
inner bark is a mild astringent. The Indians
use a decoction of it for sore eyes.
Acer Sacchari'num, A. palmi/o'lium. Maple,
Si(gar Ifaple. (F.) Erable, Ord., Aceraceae. This
tree contains a large amount of sweet sap, whence
a considerable quantity of sugar may be extracted.
"When purified, this sugar can scarcely be distin-
guished from that obtained from the cane. — See
Saccharum.
Acera'tes Longifo'lia, Long-leaved green
Milkweed; Order, Asclepiadaceae ; indigenous,
flowering in June and July; has the properties
of the order. See Asclepias.
ACERATO'SIS, from a, privative, and Kcpai,
KcpaTOi, ' horn.' Defective development of the
corneous tissue.
ACERB', Acer'bus, Stryphnos, from acer,
'sharp.' A savour, or taste, compounded of the
acid, bitter, and astringent; such as is met with
in unripe fruits, &c.
ACER'CUS, from a, privative, and nepKOi 'a
tail.' A monster devoid of tail. — Gurlt.
ACE'RIDES, Acero'des, from a, privative, and
Krjpos, ' wax.' Plasters devoid of wax. — Galen.
ACERODES, Acerides.
ACERO'SUS, Achyro'des, Pithyri'nus, from
axypov, ' chaff.' Fiir/iira'ceous. An epithet used
by Hippocrates for the coarsest bread, made of
flour not separated from the chaff. — Foesius.
ACERVULUS CEREBRI. See Pineal Gland
— a. Glandulufl Pinealis, see Pineal Gland.
ACES'CENCY, Acescen'tia, from acescere, ' to
grow sour,' {axts, 'a point,' acer, 'sharp.') A dis-
position to acidity. Tbe humourists believed that
the animal humours are susceptible of this change.
ACESIA, Cure.
ACESINOSUS, Curative.
ACESIS, Curation, Cure, Medicament.
ACESMA, Medicament.
ACES.MIUS, Curable.
ACES.MUS, Cure.
ACESODYNES, Anodyne.
ACESOPIIORUS, Curative.
ACESTER, Physician.
ACESTIS, Medicament.
ACESTOR, Physician.
2
ACESTORIA, Medicine.
ACESTORIS, Midwife.
ACESTOS, Curable.
ACESTRA, Needle.
ACESTRIA, Midwife.
ACESTRIS, Midwife.
ACESTRUM, Medicament.
ACETA MEDICATA, Acetica.
ACETABULA UTERINA, Cotyledons.
ACETAB'ULUM, (F.) Aa^tabn/e, from acefiim,
' vinegar,' because it resembles the old vinegar
vessel oxybaph'iDH. A measure capable of con-
taining the eighth part of a modern pint. — Athe-
nacus. Galen. See Cotyloid. According to
Castelli, the lobes or cotyledons of the [.laeentue
of ruminating animals have been so called.
Acetabulum, Cotyle, Cotyloid— a. Humeri, see
Glenoid — a. Marinum, Umbilicus marinus.
ACETA'RIA, same etymon. A salad or
pickle.
ACETAS, Acetate.
ACETATE, Ace'tas. (F.) Acetate. A salt
formed by the union of the acetic acid with an
alkaline, earthy, or metallic base. The acetates
chiefly used in medicine are the acetates of am-
monia, lead, potash, and zinc.
ACE'TICA, Ace'ta Medica'ta. (F.) Vinnigrcn
Medicinaux. Pharmaceutical preparations of
vinegar.
ACE'TICUM AC'IDUM, Acid<im Aee'ticwn
for'tins seu forte seu puriim seu glacia'le, Ace'-
tum radica'le, O.ros, Ace'tic Acid, Strong Ace'toiis
Acid, Acidum Aeeto' sum forte, liad'icul Viit'egar,
Spir'itus Veu'erin (ivhen made from verdiyrin,)
Spirit of Verdigris. Concentrated acetic acid,
prepared by decomposing an acetate and receiv-
ing the acetic acid by distillation, has a very
pungent and grateful odour, and an acid and
acrid taste. Its s. g. is about 1.046, and it is
very volatile.
It is stimulant, rubefacient, and eseharotic, and
is applied to the nostrils in syncope, asphyxia,
headache, <fec. It destroys wnrts.
An Aromatic Spirit of Vinegar, Ac"idiim Ace'-
ticum Camphora'txim, A. aceto'ntim camphora'tiim^
is formed of this strong acid, f^x; Uatnphor, ^j ;
Alcohol, f^j.
A strong Acetic Acid was ordered by the Lon-
don pharmacopoeia, prepared from wood. It was
called Vinegar of icood, hnproved distilled ]'ine-
gar, Pyrolig'ncous Acid, Ace'tum Ligvo'rnm, and
its strength was such, that 87 gr. of crystallized
subcarbonate of soda should saturate 100 grains
of the acid.
Ac"idum Ace'ticum Dihi'tnm, A. A. ten'ne. sen
debil'iiis, Ace'tum destilla'tvm, Acidiim nce'tlcnni,
Acidum aceto'sum destilla'tum. Distil'led rin'egar,
(F.) Acide Acetique falble, Vinaigre dlilllle. is
prepared by distilling vinegar, until .'^evcn-eiclitlis
have passed over. An Acidum nceticum dlhitum.
Diluted acetic acid, is made by mixing a pint of
the strong acetic acid with seven pints of rliftillcd
water. — Ph. U. S. Its properties are like those
of vinegar.
AcETiciiM Martiale, Ferri Acetas.
ACETOLAT, (F.) from acetum, vinegar. A
liquid medicine resulting from the distillation of
vinegar on one or more aromatic vegetable suii-
stances, and which are formed of vinegar and
essential oils, or other volatile principles. — Bcral.
ACETOLATUIiE, same etymon. A tincture,
formed by digesting a vegetable substance or sub-
stances in vinegar. — Beral. *
ACETOLE, same etymon, Oxcole. A medi-
cine, formed of distilled vinegar and medicinal
principles dissolved in it. — Beral.
AUETOMEL, Oxymel.
ACETONE, Ac"cton, from acetum, 'vinegar.'
ACETOSA ALPINA
26
ACHILLEA AGERATUM
Splr'itii8 pi/ro-ace'ticiiii ligno'ins, Pi/ro-nce'tic
tpiiit, Pi/n>-(tce'tic Ether, Mesit'ic Al'eohol,
Jii/iijdrule (if Mcsil'i/lciie, (F.) Acetone; errone-
ously called yaj)htha and Wood Naphtha. By
others, however, the terms are applied to Py-
rojrylic Spirit. A limpid, colourless liquid, hav-
ing a peculiarly penetrating and slightly enipy-
reuniiitic odour. Its density in the liquid state,
is almost the same as that of alcohol, 0.7921. Its
taste is disagreeable, and analogous to that of
peppermint. It is miscible in all proportions
with water, alcohol, and ether. It may be pre-
pared by distilling a mixture of two parts of
crystallized acetate of lead and one part of quick-
lime in a salt-glaze jar (gray-beard,) the lower
part of the jar being coated with fire-clay ; and
ii bent glass tube, half an inch in diameter,
jidaptcd to the mouth by a cork, so as to form a
distillatory apparatus. The jar is supported on
the mouth of a small furnace, by which the lower
part only is heated to redness, and the vapours
are conducted into a Liebig's condenser. The
product is repeatedly redistilled from quicklime,
until its boiling point is constant at 132°.
It has been brought forward as a remedy in
phthisis pulmonalis; but evidently with un-
founded pretensions. It is an excitant, and may
be serviceable in chronic bronchitis. The dose
is ten to forty drops three times a day, diluted
with water.
ACETOSA ALPINA, Rumex alpinus — a.
Nostras, Kumex acetosa — a. Pratensis, llumex
acetnsa — a. Romana, llumex soutatus — a. Ro-
tundifolia, Rumex scutatiis — a. Scutata, Rumex
scutatus — a. Vulgaris, Rumex acetosa.
ACETOSELLA, Oxnlis acetosclla.
ACE'TUM, o^os, (has, Aee'tiim Vhii seu BH-
tnn'iiiciiin seu (Idl'llcum, Cummon Viiiei/ar, Aci-
rliini acetu'sum, A'legnr, Aee'tiim Ccreriv'icB, (F.)
Viiinigre ; from qkh, 'a point,' (Tcec, 'sharp.' A
liquor obtained by the acetous fermentation.
Vinegar has a pungent odour, and a pleasant acid
taste. One fluid ounce of the Acetum of the
United States Pharmacopoeia is saturated by
about 35 grains of crystallized bicarbonate oif
soda. It is refrigerant in fevers ; antiseptic, and
anti-narcotic; and externally is stimulant and
discutient.
Vinegar Whey is made by stirring a small
wineglassful of vinegar, sweetened with a dessert
spoonful of sugar, in a pint of wilk ; boiling for
I, fifteen minutes, and straining. Like tamarind
whey it is an agreeable drink in febrile affections.
Ack'tom Aromat'icum, A. Theriaca'le seu
qiiutxior fiiruni, Acidiim Aee'tictim Aromat'icum,
ThiereH' Vinegar, Vinegar of the four Thieves,
Marseilles Vinegar, (F.) Viuaigre Aromatiqite,
V. des (jiiatre voletirs, {Rorismarin. cnciim. sice.,
Fol. Salvia sing. ,^j. Lavaiid. flor. sice. ^iv. Ca-
ryoph. cont. ^ss. Acid. Aeet. Oij. Macerate 7 days,
•and filter. — Ph. E.) Odour, pungent and aroma-
tic. Used as a perfume.
AcETDM Britannict!M, Acetum.
Ace'titm Canthar'idis, Vinegar of Cantha-
rides, (Cantharid.m pulv. ^^iij. Aeid. acet. fSv.,
Acid, piirolign. f.^xv: Eiiphorb. in pulv. crass,
^ss. Mis the acids ; add the powders ; macerate
for seven days ; strain ; express strongly, and
filter the liquor.— Ph._^E. The London College
macerates cantharid. ^'j in acid. acet. Oj. (Imp.
meas.) for eight days ; expresses and strains.) It
is used as a prompt vesicant.
Ace'tum CoL'cHici,J7)ie(/'if)- of meadow saffron.
(Colchic. rad.'contiis. ^\} ; Acid, acetic, diliit. vel
Acet. destillat. Oij ; Ph. U. S. 18.51. It may also
be made by displacement.) It is used as a diu-
retic, and also in gout. Dose f,^''^- to f.^iss.
AcETCM Dkstillatl'm; see Aceticum ncidum
— ^a. Gallieum, A,cetum — a. Lignorum: see Ace-
ticum acidum— a. Mulsum dulce, Oxyglycus— n.
Opii, GuttiB Nigrie — a. Plumbicum seu Saturni-
nuu). Liquor Plumbi subacetatis — a. Quatucir
furum, Acetum Aromaticum — a. Radlcale, Aceti-
cum Acidum — a. Rosatum, Oxyrrhodinon.
AcKTI'M Scil.L^t:, Acidum Ace'ticum Scillit'-
icum, Vinegar of SquRls, (F.) Vinaigre scilli-
tiqiie, {Scil/w contus. ,^iv; Acet. destillat. Oij;
Ph. U. S. It may also be made by displace-
ment.) Diuretic, expectorant, and emetic. Doso
f^ss to 3ij as a diuretic and expectorant. It
may also be made by the process of displacement.
Acetum Tukhiacalb, Acetum aron)alicum.
ACEYTE DE SAL. A remedy for broncho-
cele used in S. America. Roulin found it to con-
tain a portion of iodine.
ACUACANA. A species of cactus, in the pro-
vince of Potosi in Peru. Its root is thick and
fleshy, and of a conical shape. It is a good edi-
ble, and is sold in the markets of the country.
ACHALYPHEiMlE. See Chlorosis.
ACHANACA. A plant of the kingdom of
Mely in Africa. It is used by the natives as an
antisyphilitic.
ACllAOVAN, a species of Egyptian cliamo-
mile. — Prosper Alpinus.
ACHAOVAN-ABIAT. The Egyptian name
of Cineraria huiritima, used in female diseases.
ACIIAR, Atchar.
ACHE, Pain.
ACHE, Apium graveolens — a. des Ifontngnes,
Ligusticum levisticum.
ACIIEI'LIA, Aehi'lia, from a, priv., and ■)(^c{\oi,
'lip.' A malformation, consisting in a deficiency
of a lip or lips.
ACllEl'LUS, Aehi'lua: same etymon. One
who is without lips.
ACHEIR, Aehir, De'manns, from a, privative.
and x^'Pf 'hand.' One devoid of hands.— tialcn.
ACllEI'RIA, Achi'ria: same etymon. The
state of being devoid of hands.
ACHEROIS, Populus.
ACHIA, Arhiar. A name given in India to
the pickled shoots of the bamboo.
AcHiA, Atchar.
ACIIIAR. Achia.
ACIIIC'OLUM. Achit'obta, Ilidrote'rion, Sii-
da'rinm, Fornix, Tholus, Siidato' riiini, Sn'datory,
Siceating-honse, Sweating-bath. The eivcating-
rooin in the ancient bagnios.
ACIIILIA, Acheilin.
■ ACHILLE, TENDON D', Achillis t.^ndo.
ACIIILLE'A AGE'RATUM. A. visco'sa, Bal-
sami'ta fa-min'ea, Enpato'rinm MES'UKS, Age'iii-
tiim, Cos'tiis horto'rum minor, Maudlin, Maudlin
Tansey ; (F.) Achillie Visqueiise ; Ord. Compo-
sitae; Sex. Sijit. Syngenesia Polygamia Super-
flua, — has the same properties as tansey, bitter
and aromatic, and is used in like affe('tions.
Achillk'a Atua'ta, Herba Gen'ipi vcri, (F.)
Achillee Noire, has similar virtues.
Achillk'a MlI,LEFO'l,inM, Achille'a Myrio.
phyl'lon, Chri/soc'oma, Millefo'l ium, Chilioj,h,il'.
Ion, Lunibus Vcn'cris, Common Yarrow or Mil-
foil. (F.) Millefeuilh, Herbe <iHx charjjentiers.
The leaves and flowers have an aromatic smell,
and a rough, bitterish, somewhat pungent taste.
They have been used in dyspepsia, liatulencej
hemorrhage, &c. An extract of the plant, made
with proof spirit, has been called AchitUVnum ■
and IS used by the Italians in intermittent fever
Achille'a Moscha'ta, an Alpine plant, has
been esteemed diaphoretic and vulnoniry (') A
volatile oil calle.l E.prit d'lva. is obtained from
It in Switzerland, which is much prized for its
musky odour. It is said, by Merat and De Lens
to be the Genlpi of the Savoyards, which i< usu-
ally referred to Artemisia rupestris.
Achille'a Ptau'.mica, Ptar'mica, P. Vulgu'
ACIIILLEE XOIRE
ACID
rf», Psp.xido py'rethrnm, Pyrethrnm sylrei'tre,
Draco Hj/toeK'tn'H, Torchon si/lrenfria, Sternntit-
meiito'riti, Driifipi'diliia Pralrii'idH, Sneeze-wort,
BitHtard Pel'litory. (F.) Herhe d ileruuer. Tlie
roots find flowers have a hot, biting taste, ap-
proaching that of pyrethrutn. Their principal
use is as a masticatory and sialogogue.
Achillea ViscosA, A. Ageratum.
ACIIILLEE NOIRE, Achillea atrata — a.
Vit<iiiruHe, Achillea ageratum.
ACIIILLEINUM, see Achillea Millefolium.
ACHILLE'IS. A beautiful species of barley,
mentioned by Thcophrastus and Galen, called
after Aehilles, a labourer. The decoction was
used in fevers and jaundice. — Hippocrates.
ACIIILLEUM. telepheum.
ACllIl/LlS TENDO, Funis Hippoc'ratis,
Ciirdu seu Chorda IIippoc'uatis, Corda magna,
Nervng latuH, (F.) Te)tdon d'AchiUe. The Strong
tendon of the gastroenemii muscles above the
heel : so called, because it was the only vulner-
able part of Achilles, or because of its strength.
See Tendon.
ACIIILUS, Acheilus.
ACIIIMBASSI. An archiater or chief of phy-
sicians. A name given, at Grand Cairo, to a
magistrate who licenses physicians.
AC II I R, Acheir.
ACIIIRIA, Acheiria.
ACIIITOLUS, Achicolum.
ACHLYS, Caligo.
ACIIMELLA, Spilanthus acraella.
ACUNE. Lint. See Linteum. Also, small
mucous flocculi seen in front of the cornea. —
Hippocrates.
AC'HOL'IA, from a, privative, and ;^oA»;, 'bile.'
Deficiency or want of bile. Also, Asiatic cholera.
A'CHOLUS: same etymon. One deficient in
bile.
ACIIOR, Porrigo larvalis.
ACHO'llES. A term often employed by the
ancients to designate botli crunta lac'tea, and
small superficial ulcerations on the skin of the
face and head. See Porrigo Larvalis.
AcnoRES Capitis, Porrigo scutulata.
ACHORION SCHONLEINL See Porrigo fa-
vosa.
ACnOllIS'TUS, from a, priv., and x<^piC«>, 'I
.separate.' Any sign which necessarily accompa-
nies a state of health or disease.
ACHOUROU. The Caraib name for a species
of myrtle used in dropsy.
ACHllAS AUSTRALIS, Sapota — a. Sapota,
Sapota — a. Zapota, Siipota.
ACHROI, Achruniatii'li, Achro'mati, Achro'mi,
from a, privative, and ^piofia, 'colour.' Pale indi-
viduals—Hippocrates. It is nearly synonymous
with Xeiifiatnut, leiphce'mi, persons without colour;
blooilless.
ACHRO'MA, Chloasma album, Leucopathi'a
partia'lis acquis'ita. Partial privation of colour
of the .skin.
ACHROMASIA, Decoloration.
ACIIROMATI, Achroi.
ACllliOM AT'lC,A<'hromat'icns: same etymon.
A lens, so constructed as to correct the aberration
of rcfrann-ibility of common lenses, is so termed.
The Cri/xtiil/ini'. is an achromatic lens.
ACHKOMATISTI, Achroi.
ACHROMATOPSIA, Achromntop'sy, Chroma-
topsi-udop'sia, Chromatometahlep'sia, Dyschroma-
tou'sSa. Parachro'ma, Pseudochro'mia, Parora'-
sis, visas de'color, Colour blindness, Idioj)t'cy,^
flal'tonism, from a, privative, x^"/"'- 'colour,'
and oTTouni, ' I see.' Incapability of distinguish-
ino- colours; a defect situate in the cerebral part
of^the visual organ. Persons so circumstanced
have been termed, by Mr. Whewell, Idiopts. See
Acyanoblepsia and Anerytliropsia.
ACHROMI, Achroi.
ACHROMODKK.VIE. see Albino.
ACHHOMOTRICHOMIE. see Albino.
ACHRYSTALLODIAPIIANIE, see Cata-
raet.
ACHYLO'SIS, from a, privative, and x^^''''<
'juice, chyle.' Defective chylosis or formation
of chj'le.
ACHYMO'SIS, from a, privative, and x^l^°^>
'juice, chyme.' Defective chymification.
ACHYRAN'THES REPENS, Illicc'brvm po-
lyjonnidcH, Forty Knot; indigenous. Order,
Ainaranthaceae. A decoction of the plant \i
drunk as a diuretic in dropsy, ischuria, ic.
ACHYRODES, Acerosus.
ACHYRON, Furfur.
A'CIA, from aKn, a point. A word used by
Celsus, which has puzzled commentators, — some
believing it to have meant a needle ; others the
thread; and others, again, the kind of suture.
"Ada mollis, non uiinis torta." — Celsus, Galen.
(Chifflet thinks it meant the thread. — Antwerp,
1638.)
ACID, A(:"idus, O.rys. (F.) Acide, Ai<jre, ^TOTO.
aici?, uKiioi, 'a point;' sharp; sour; especially as
ajiplied to odorous or sapid substances. The
French also use the term ai/jrc, when referring
to the voice, in the sense of sharp and shrill : —
as line voix ai</re, vox aspera.
Acin, AcKTic, Aceticum acidum — a. Acetic, of
commerce, Pyroligneous acid — a Acetic, dilute,
see Aceticum acidum — a. Acetous, strong, Ace-
ticum acidum — a. Aerial, Carbonic acid — a.
Antimonious, Antimonium diaphoretieum — a.
Arsenious, Arsenicum album — a. Auric, see Gold
— a. Azotic, Nitric acid — a. Benzoic, Benjamin,
flowers of — a. Benzuric, Hippuric acid — a. Bezo-
ardic, Uric acid — a. Boric, Boracic acid — a. Cal-
careous, Carbonic acid — a. Calculous, Uric acid.
Acid, Caubazot'iC, Ac"idum Carb/izot'icum,
Carboni'tric or Picric acid, Welter's Bitter, (F.)
Acide Carbozotirjue. This acid is frequently
formed by the action of v<incent rated nitric acid
on animal and vei/ctable substances. It, as well
as the carbazotates, is tonic and astringent.
Acid, Cakbonackous, Carbonic acid — a. Car-
bonitric. Acid Carbazotic — a. Carbonous, Oxalic
acid — a. Caseic, Lactic acid — a. Chromic, see
Chromic acid — a. Citric, Citric acid — a. Crotonic,
see Croton tiglium — a. Cyanhydric, Hydrocyanic
acid — a. Cyanohydrie, Hydrocyanic acid — a. Ga-
lactic, Lactic acid — a. Gastric, Gastric juice.
Acid, Gallic, Ac"idum GaU'icnm. (F.) Acidc
Gallique. This acid is found in most of the astrin-
gent plants that contain tannic acid of the kind
obtained from galls. It is in delicate silky nee-
dles, usually somewhat yellowish, inodorous, and
of a harsh, somewhat astringent taste. It dis-
solves in one hundred parts of cold and three
parts of boiling water. It is very soluble in alco-
hol, and but slightly so in ether.
It has been highly extolled in internal hemor-
rhage, especially from the urinary organs and
uterus. Dose from ten to twenty grains.
The last Pharmacopoeia of the United States
(1861) directs it to be made by exposing a thin
paste of powdered (falls and distilled water for a
month, adding the water from time to time to pre-
serve the consistence ; expressing the paste ;
boiling the residue in distilled water; filtering
through animal charcoal, and crystallizing.
Acid, Hippu'kiC, Ac"idnm Hippu'ricum, Uro-
ben'zoic, U'rino-benzo'ic or Denzu'ric acid. An
acid found in the urine of graminivorous animals.
It is contained in human urine, especially after
benzoic acid has been taken. See Hippuria.
Acid, HydhiOD'ic, Ac"idum Ilydrind'icnm.
This acid is made by mixing solutions of iodide
of potassium and tartaric acid; filtering the liquor
ACIDE ACETIQUE FAIBLE 2 8
ACIDUM ACETICUM
to separate the bitartrate of potassa, and adding
■water to make the resulting hydriodio acid of
definite strength.
It has been used in the same cases as the pre-
parations of iodine in general, but is rarely em-
ployed.
Acin, HYDnocHLORONiTRic, Nitro-muriatic acid
— a. Hydrocyanic, Hydrocyanic acid — a. Hydro-
cyanic, dilute, see Hydrocyanic acid — a. Hydro-
sulphuric, Hydrogen, sulphuretted — a. Hydrothi-
onic. Hydrogen, sulphuretted — a. Igasuric : see
Jatropha curcas.
Acid, Iodic, Ac"idiim lod'icum, (F.) Acide
lodique. This is obtained by boiling iodine with
nitric acid ; or by decomposing iodate of baryta
by dilute Kitlphnric acid. It is a white, transpa-
rent solid, slightly deliquescent, and very soluble
in water. It has been given with sulphate of
quinia in hoarseness, scrofula, incipient phthisis,
chronic inflammation, syphilis, etc. Dose three
to six grains, or more.
Acid, Lactic, see Lactic acid.
Acid of Lemons, Citric acid — a. Litbenic, Uric
acid — a. Lithiasic, Uric acid— a. Lithic, Uric acid
— a. Marine Dephlogisticated, Chlorine — a. Lac-
tic, Lactic acid — a. Marine dulcified, Spiritus
aetheris niuriatici — a. Mephitic, Carbonic acid —
a. of Milk, Lactic acid — a. Muriatic, see Muria-
ticuin acidum — a. Muriatic, dilute, Muriaticum
acidum — a. Nanceic, Lactic acid — a. Nitric, see
Nitric acid — a. Nitric, dilute, see Nitric acid —
a. Nitro-hydrochloric, Nitro-muriatic acid — a.
Nitro-muriatic, see Nitro-muriatic acid — a. Ni-
trous, dephlogisticated. Nitric acid — a. Oxysep-
tonic. Nitric acid — a. Picric, Acid, carbazotic
— a. Polygalic, see Polygala senega — a. Prus-
sic, Hydrocyanic acid — a. Pyroligneous, see Ace-
ticum acidum — a. Pyrolignic, Pyroligneous acid
— a. Rosacic, see Porphyruria — a. of Sorrel, Oxa-
lic acid — a. of Sugar, Oxalic acid — a. Sulphhydric,
Hydrogen sulphuretted — a. Sulpho-hydric, Hy-
drogen sulphuretted — a. Sulphuric, see Sul-
phuric acid — a. Tannic, Tannin — a. Uric, Uric
acid — a. Urino-benzoic, Acid, hippuric — a. Uro-
benzoic, A. Hippuric — a. Urous, Uric oxide — a.
Urylic, Uric acid.
ACIDE ACETIQUE FAIBLE, see Acetieum
acidum — a. Azotique, Nitric acid — a. Boracique,
Boracic acid — a. Chromiqne, Chromic acid — a.
GalUque, Acid, gallic — a. Hydrocynniqne, Hydro-
cyanic acid — a. Hi/drosulfurique, Hydrogen, sul-
phuretted — a. lodiqne, Acid, iodic — a. Lactiqne,
Lactic acid — 17. Nitrique, Nitric acid — a. Phos-
))li<>riqtte, Phosphoric acid — a. Prttsxiqne, Hydro-
cyanic acid — a. Pyroacetique, Pyroligneous acid
— a. Pyroligniqne, Pyroligneous acid — a. Sii/fa-
renx, Sulphurous acid — a. Sidfurique, Sulphuric
jicid — a. Sulfariqite delays, Sulphuricum acidum
dilutuni — a. Tatniiqice, Tannin — a. Tartrique,
Tartaric acid — a. Urique, Uric acid.
ACIDITATIO, Acidities.
ACID'ITIES, Aco'ren, Acidi'ta'tio, Ae"idiim
morho'sum seu prima' rum via'rum, Ox'ytes, Sordes
ae'idcB, (F.) Aigreurs. Sourness of the stomach,
the result of indigestion, indicated by acid eruc-
tations, etc. The affection is very common in
children, and must be obviated by absorbents,
as masrnesia, chalk, etc., and by regulated diet.
ACIDOLOG"IA, from aKH, aKdoi, 'a point, a
sharp instrument,' and \ayoi, 'a description.' A
description of surgical instruments.
ACIDOM'ETER, (F.) Acidometre, Piee-acide,
from acid, and ftcrpov, 'measure.' A hydrometer
for determinins the density of acids.
ACIDS, Ae"idn, Aco'res, are liquid, solid, or
gaseous bodies, possessed of a sour, more or less
caustic taste, and the principal character of which
is the capability of saturating, wholly or in part,
the alkaline properties of bases.
Acids, in general, are refrigerant and antiscp-
tic. Their particular uses are pointed out unUer
the individual articles. , . , ,
To ACID'ULATB, (F.) Aigmser, Aciduler.
To render acidulous, or slightly acid.
ACID' VLOVS, Ac id' idiis, Suba"cHlun, Oxo cles,
Oxoi'des, (F.) Acidide, Aiyrclet. Substances are
so called which possess a sourish taste, as tama-
rinds, cream of tartar, etc.
Acidulous Fruits. Oranges, gooseberries, etc.
Acidulous Waters, ^(ywa; Acidula. Mineral
waters containing carbonic acid gas sufficient to
render them sourish. Sec AVaters, mineral.
Acidulous Water, Simple, Aqua Ac"idi Car-
bon' id (Ph. U. S.) Aqua a'eris fixi seu ucid'-
ula simplex, Liquor seu Aqua Soda: efferves'cenn,
Aqua Carbona'tiB SodcB acid'ula, Soda water, iVi-
neral water, (F.) Eati acidule sivqde, is water
impregnated with fixed air.
Water, so impregnated, is cooling and slightly
stimulating. It is used beneficially in dyspepsia,
and in cases of vomiting, etc.
ACIDUM ACETICUM, Acetieum acidum— a.
Acetieum aromaticum, Acetum aromaticum — a.
Acetieum camphoratum, see Acetieum acidum —
a. Acetieum dilutum, see Acetieum acidum — a.
Acetieum e Ligno venale, Pyroligneous acid — a.
Acetieum empyreumaticum, Pyroligneous acid —
a. Acetieum glaciale, Acetieum acidum — a. Ace-
tieum Scilliticum, Acetum scilla? — a. Acetosella»,
Oxalic acid — a. Acetosum, Acetum — a. Allantni-
cum, Allantoic acid — a. Amnicum, Amniotic acid
— a. Arsenicosum, Arsenious acid — a. Arsenio-
sum (Ph. U. S.), Arsenicum album — a. Azoticum,
Nitric acid — a. Benzoicum, Benjamin, Flowers
of — a. Benzoylicum, Benzoin, Flowers of — a.
Boracicum, Boracic acid — a. Borussicuin, Hydro-
cyanic acid — a. Carbazoticuni, Acid, carbazotic —
a. Carbonicum, Carbonic acid — a. Citricum, Citric
acid — a. Gallicum, Acid, gallic — a. Hydriodicuiii,
Acid, hydriodic — a. Ilydrocarbonicum, O.xnlic
acid — a. Hydrochloricum, Muriaticum acidum —
a. Hydrocyanicum, Hydrocyanic acid — a. Hydro-
cyanicum dilutum, see Hydrocyanic acid — a.
Hydrothionicum liquidum, see Hydrosulphuretted
water — a. lodicum. Acid, iodic — a. Jatrophicum,
see Jatropha curcas — a. Lacticum, Lactic acid —
a. Ligneum, Pyroligneous acid — a. Ligni pyro-
oleosum, Pyroligneous acid — a. Lignorum empy-
reumaticum, Pyroligneous acid — a. Limonis, Ci-
tric acid — a. Lithicum, Uric acid — a. Marinum
concentratum, Muriaticum acidum — a. Morbo-
sum, Acidities — a. Muriaticum, Muriaticum aci-
dum — a. Muriaticum dilutum, Muriaticum acidum
— a. Muriaticum nitroso-oxygenatum, Nitro-
muriatic acid — a. Nitri, Nitric acid — a. Nitri
dulcificatum, Spiritus aetheris nitrici — a. Nitri-
cum. Nitric acid — a. Nitricum dilutum, Nitric
acid — a. Nitro-muriaticum, Nitro-muriatic acid —
a. Oxalinum, Oxalic acid — a. Phosphoricuin,
Phosphoric acid — a. Picricum, Acid, carbazotic
— a. Primarum viarum, Acidities — a. Prussicum,
Hydrocyanic acid — a. Pyroaceticum, Pyrolig-
neous acid — a. Pyroligneum, Pyroligneous acid
— a. Pyroxylicum, Pyroligneous acid — a. Querci-
tannicum, Tannin — a. Sacchari, Oxalic acid — a.
Saccharinum, Oxalic acid — a. Sails, Muriaticum
acidum — a. Sails culinaris, Muriaticum acidum — •
a. Salis marini, Muriaticum acidum — a. Scytode-
phicum, Tannin — a. Septicum, Nitric acid — a.
Succinicum, Succinic acid — a. Sulphuricum, Sul-
phuric acid — a. Sulphuricum alcoolisatuin, Elixir
acidum Halleri — a. Sulphuricum aromaticum,
Sulphuric acid, aromatic — a. Sulphuricum dilu-
tum. Sulphuric acid, diluted — a. Suljihuris vola-
tile, Sulphurous acid — a. Sulphurosicum, Sulphu-
rous acid — a. Tannicum, Tannin — a. Tartari es-
sentiale. Tartaric acid — a. Tartaricum, Tartaric
acid — a. Tartarosum, Tartaric acid- -a. Uricum,
ACIDURGIA
29
ACONITUM
Uric acid — a. Urolithicutn, Uric acid — a. Vitrio-
licuin, Sulphuric acid — a. Vitriolicum aroiuati-
cuiii, Sul))liuricum aciduin aromaticum — a. Vi-
triolicum alcohole aromaticum, Sulpliuricum aci-
dum aromaticum — a. Vitriolicum viiiosum, Elixir
aciduin llalleri — a. Zooticum, Hydrocyanic acid
— a. Zootinicum, Hydrocyanic acid.
ACIDURUIA, Surgery (operative).
AClEli, Clialybs.
ACIES, Chiilyi)s — a. Di^'itorum manus, Pha-
langes of the fingers — a. Uiurna, Hcmeralopia.
ACIXE, Acinus.
ACINE'SIA, Acine'si's, Ahine'fihi, Immohil'i-
tuH, Qiiien, Jic(/iiiei!, Itequle'tio, Exi/ch'ia, Erem'ia,
from a, privative, and Kiviian, 'motion,' xivctD, 'I
move.' Rest. Immobility. Also, the interval
between the systole and diastole of the heart —
Pciraai/s'tole.
Under the term Acineaes, Romberg includes
the paralytic neuroses, or those that are charac-
terized by defect of motive power.
ACINI OF MALPIGIII, Corpora Malpig-
hiana.
ACINTPORMIS (TUNICA), Choroid, Uvea.
ACINUS, A. g/aiidiilo'sus, from ac"inuii, 'a
grape-stone,' (F.) Acine. A yUttidiform corpus-
cle, in which secretion was supposed to take
place, find the excretory radicle to arise. Acini
are the (jlnh'idi arterui'rum ter'mini of Nichols.
The term ac"ini (/loiidulo'si has also been given
to glands which, like the pancreas, are arranged,
as it were, in clusters. Glands thus formed have
been called (/laii'dulai nciiio'xcB. See Lobule.
ACIPENSER, see Ichthyocolla.
ACIUlKiIA, Surgery (operative).
ACLEITROCARDIA, Cyanopathy.
ACMAS'TICUS, from nx/j;/, 'the top,' and crraw,
' I remain.' A fever which preserves an equal
degree of intensity throughout its course. It is
also called Honiot'onos. The Greeks gave it the
name of E/innnms'ticos, and Si/>i'ocho8, when it
went on increasing, and Paracmas'ticos, when it
decreased. — Galen.
ACME, Vigor, Cor'yphe, Cidmina'tto, Stntnn,
FaHti<i"ium. The period of a disease at which
the symptoms are most violent. Arche, Apx'^i i^
'the commencement;' anah'asis, avafiaais, 'the
period of increase;' and acme, aK/irj, 'the height,'
(F.) Flat.
ACMELLA, Spilanthus acmella — a. Mauriti-
ana, Spilanthus acmella.
ACMON, Incus.
ACNE, Acna, Ion' thus varus, Varus, Psydra'cia
Acne, Stone Pock, Whelk, Bnhucle, (F.) Aenf.,
Dartre pnstuleuse disHeminee. A small pimple
or tubercle on the face. — Gorrajus. Foesius
thinks the word ought to be Acme; and, accord-
ing to Cassius, it is, at all events, derived from
aKfiri, 'vigour;' the <iisease affecting those in the
vigour of life especially.
Willan and Bateinan have adopted the term in
their Nosology of cutaneous diseases, and placed
it in the order Tubkucula. Acne, with them, is
an eruption of distinct, hard, inflamed tubercles,
sometimes continuing for a considerable length
of time, and sometimes suppurating slowly and
partially. They usually appear on the forehead,
temples, and chin, and are common to both sexes;
but the most severe forms are seen in young men.
They require but little management, and consist
of four varieties : Acne indiira'ta, A. simplex,
(Hnplo'dcne), A. pnncta'ta (Ton'thus varus punc-
ta'tuH Pniirtm niuco'sa;, Criiio' nes, Comedo'nes
or Maiiifot Pimple, Worms, Grubs), and A. rosa'-
ceo. — See Gnttn Rosea.
AcvK Mkn'tacra. Sycosis — a. Rosacea, Gutta
j^osea a. of the Throat, Pharyngitis-, follicu-
lar.
ACNE'MIA, Akne'mia, from a, privatire, and
Kvtnjiri, 'the leg.' Absence of legs.
ACNE, Acne — a. Molluscoide, Molluscum.
ACNES'TIS, from a, privative, and Kvativ, 'to
scratch.' The part of the spine which extends,
in quadrupeds, from between the shoulders to the
loins. According to Pollux, the middle of the
loins. The vertebral column.
ACNESTOS, Cneorum tricoccum.
ACOE, Audition, Ear.
ACCE'LIOS, from a, privative, and xoiXia, 'belly.'
Devoid of belly. One who is so emaciated as to
appear to have no belly. — Galen.
ACOKMETER, Acoumeter.
ACOEMETRUM, Acoumeter.
ACOENOSI, Aconusi.
ACOESIS, Audition.
ACOGNOSIA, Pharraacognosia.
ACOLASIA, Intemperance.
ACOLOGY, Materia Medica.
ACONE, Mortar.
ACONIT A GRANDS FLEURS, Aconitum
cammarum — a. Snhitaire, Aconitum anthora.
ACONITA, see Aconitum napellus.
ACONITE, Aconitum.
ACONITI FOLIA, see Aconitum— a. Radix,
see Aconitum.
ACONITIA, see Aconitum napellus.
ACONITIN, see Aconitum napellus.
ACONITINE, see Aconitum napellus.
ACONITItIM, see Aconitum napellus.
ACONI'TUM, from Ac'one, a place in Bithy-
nia, where it is common. Cynnc'tonou, Parda-
lian'ches, Pardalian'cham, Oanici'da, Ac'oiiite,
Wolfsbane, Uonkshood. Ord. Ranunculaceaj.
Sex. Si/st. Polyandria Trigynia.
Aconitum, Aconite, in the Pharmacopoeia of
the United States, 1842, is the leaves of Aconi-
tum napellus, and A. paniculatum. In the last
edition, 1851, Aconiti folia is the officinal name
for the leaves, Aconiti radix for that of the
root.
Aconi'tcm An'thora, a. Salutif'erum sen
Nemoro' sum seu Candol'lei seu Jacquini seu Eu'lo-
phum seu Anthoroideum, An'thora vulyn'ris, An'-
thora, Antith'ora, Sal'utary Jfonkshood, Whole-
some Wolfsbane, Yellow helmet flower, (¥.) Aconit
salutaire. The root of this variety, as of all the
rest, is poisonous. It is used as a cathartic and
anthelmintic. Dose ^ss to ^j-
Aconitum Anthokoideum, A. anthora.
Aconi'tum Cam'marum, A. pio'iicula'tum, A.
macran'thum, A. Kusnezo'vii, (P.) Aconit d
grands feurs, resembles Aconitum Napellus in
properties.
Aconitum Candollei, A. anthora — a. Eulo-
phum, A. anthora.
Aconitum Ferox, a most violentranunculaceous
poison, which grows in Nepaul, and is the Bish
or liikh jwison of that country. Its effects are
like those of the Aconitum Nai)ellus.
Aconitum Jacquini, A. anthora — a. Kusnezovii,
A. cammarum — a. Macranthum, A. cammarum.
Aconi'tum Napel'lus, Aconi'tum Napel'lus
verus. Common Jfonkshood or Wolfsbane, A. Nc-
omonta'num, (F.) Chaperon de Maine. The leaves
are narcotic, sudorific, and deobstruent (?) They
have been used in chronic rheumatism, scrofula,
scirrhus, paralysis, amaurosis, etc. The active
principle is called Aconit'ia, Aeonitl'na, Aconi'tn,
Aconit'ium or Aconitine. A form for its prepara-
tion is contained in the Ph. U. S. (1851). It is
made by treating an alcoholic extract of the root
with dilute sidphuric acid; precipitating hy solu-
tion of ammonia; dissolving the precipitate in
dilute sulphuric acid ; treating with animal char-
coal; again precipitating with solution of ammO''
ACONUSI
30
ACRID
'»i('a/ wasliing with water, and drying- It re-
quires 150 parts of cold and 50 of boiUng water
to dissolve it, but is readily dissolved by alcohol
and ether. It neutralizes the acids, and forms
with them uncrystallizable salts. It has been
used internally, and especially applied exter-
nally, in neuralgic eases, iatraleptically and en-
dermieally. Dose of Aoonitum, gr. j. to gr. iij.
AcoNiTUM Nkmouosum, a. anthora — a. Neo-
montanum, A. napellus — a. Paniculatum, A. eam-
niarum — a. Kacemosum, Actaja spicata — a. Salu-
tiferum, A. anthora.
AcoxiTtrii U.ncina'tum, Wild Monkshood, in-
di;;euous, is said to have similar virtues with
Aconitura napellus.
ACONU'St, Acoeii'om', Acoon'om, from axon,
'audition,' and vovaoi, 'disease.' Morbi au'riuui
et audi'tdg. Diseases of the ear and audition.
ACOONOSI, Aconusi.
AC'OPIS. Same etymon as the next. Pliny
gives this name to a precious stone, which was
boiled in oil and used against weariness.
AC'OPON, from a, privative, and/cojrof, 'weari-
ness.' A remedy against weariness — Foesius, Gor-
raeus, (fee. Ac'opum, — Celsus, Pliny. SeeAnagyris.
ACOPIIIA, Constipation.
ACOPROSIS, Constipation.
ACOR BENZOINUS, Benjamin — a. Boraci-
cus, Boracic acid — a. Succineus, Succinic acid —
ti.. Sulphuris, Sulphuric acid — a. Tartaricus, Tar-
taric acid.
ACORE BATARD, Iris pseudacorus — a.
Fitux, Iris pseudacorus — o, Odorant, Acorus
calamus.
ACORKS, Acids, and Acidities.
ACOR'IA, from a, privative, and xopcta, 'I sa-
tiiite.' An inordinate or canine appetite. — Hip-
])oerates.
ACORI'TES. A wine madeof Acorns.— Dios-
corides.
ACOR'MUS, from a, privative, and Kopfxoi,
'trunk.' A monster devoid of a trunk. — Gurlt.
ACORN, JUPITER'S, Fagus castanea — a.
Oily, Ouilandina moringa — a. Sardinian, Fagus
castanea.
ACORNS. See Quereus alba.
ACORUS ADULTERINUS, Iris pseudacorus.
Ac'oRUS Cal'amus, yl. Vents sen Braziiien'sis,
Cfd'nnnis Aroiiifit'icus seu Odova'tus sen Viih/a'-
ris, Ti/i>!ni Arnmot'ica, Clava liiiijo'sa, Sweetflag
or Ac'oriis, Fhigroot, Sweet cane, 3Iyrtle Flag,
Sweet grass, Sweet root, Sweet rush. (F.) Joiic
roseau ou Canne aromatiqne, Acore odorant.
Ord. Aroideae ; Acoracea. (Lindley.) Se.v. Si/st.
Hexandria Monogynia. The rhizoma — Cal'amus
(Ph. U. S. — is stomachic and carminative, but is
rarely used. It is regarded as a good adjuvant
to bark and quinia in intermittents.
AcoRus Palostris, Iris pseudacorus — a. Vul-
garis, Iris pseudacorus.
ACOS. Medicament.
ACOS'MIA, from a, privative, and kobjio?, 'or-
der, ornament.' Disorder, irregularity in the
critical days, according to Galen, who uses the
word Koaiioi for regularity in those days. Others,
and particularly Pollux, call bald persons aKoafioi,
because they are deprived of one of their most
beautiful ornaments.
ACOU'METER, Aeouom'eter, Acnem'eter, Aco-
em'etrnm, Acu' meter, Aciisim'eier, (F.) Acoiimitre,
from aicouta), ' I hear,' and iterfjov, ' measure.' An
instrument designed by M. Itard for measuring
the degree of hearing.
ACOUMETRE, Acoumeter.
ACOUOPHO'NIA, Copho'nia; from okovo,,
*I hear,' and <p(i>vri, 'voice,' "Ans'cultntort/ Per-
eua'sion." A mode of auscultation, in which the
observer places his ear on the chest, and an.alyzes
the sound produced by percussion. — Donne.
ACOUS'MA, an imaginary noise. Depraved
sense of hearing.
ACOUS'TIC, Aciis'ticus, (F.) Acoustique. That
which belongs to the ear; as Acoustic nerve,
Acoustic trumpet.
Acoustic Medicine is one used in diseased
audition. ^
ACOUSTICO-BfALLEEN, Laxator tympani.
AcOUS'ticS, Acus'tica. (F.) Acoustique. The
part of physics which treats of the theory of
sounds. It is also called Phonics.
ACOUSTIQUE, Acoustic, Acoustics.
ACQUA BINELLI, Aqua Binellii — a. Broc-
chieri. Aqua Brocchierii — a. Monterossi, Aqujt
Binellii — a. di Napoli, Liquor arsenicalis — a.
della Toffana, Liquor arsenicalis.
ACQUETTA, Liquor Arsenicalis.
ACQUI, MINERAL WATERS OF. These
thermal sulphureous springs are in Pi6draont.
Their temperature is 167° Fahr., and they con-
tain sulphohydric acid and chloride of sodium.
ACQUIRED DISEASES, 31orbi acqui^'iti,
31. adventi'tii, 3f. epicte'ti. Adventitious diseases.
(F.) 3Inladies acquises. Diseases which occur
after birth, and which are not dependent upon
hereditary predisposition.
ACRAI'PALA, from a, privative, and Kpama^ri,
'drunkenness.' Remedies against the effects of
a debauch. — Gorraeus.
ACRA'LEA, from an-pus, 'extremity.' The ex-
treme parts of the body, as the head, hands, feet,
nose, ears, <fec. — Hippocrates and Galen. 'See
Acrea.
ACRA'NIA, from a, privative, and Kpaviov, 'the
cranium.' AVant of cr:inium, whollj' or in part.
ACllA'SIA, from a, privative, or 'bad,' and
Kpaoii, ' mixture.' Intemperance. Excess of any
kind. Surfeit.
It has been employed to denote debility, syno-
nymously with Acratia; but this may have been
a typographical inaccuracy.
ACRATI'A, from a, privative, and Koaros,
'strength.' Impotence; weakness, fainting.
ACRATIS'MA, from a, privative, and KSjiav-
vvfit, ' to mix.' A breakfast, consisting of bread
steeped in wine, not mixed with water. — Galen,
Athenffius.
ACRATOM'ELI, from aKparov, 'pure wine,'
and pcXi, 'honey.' Wine mixed with honey.
ACRATOPE'GiE, Alrat<ipe'ga>, from a, priv.a-
tive, KpiiToi, 'strength,' and -nriYri, 'a spring.'
Mineral waters having no marked chemical qua-
lities.
ACRATOPOS'IA, from ncratum, and roan,
' drink.' The drinking of pure or unmixed wine
A'CRATUM, aKparov, from a, privative, and
Kparoi, 'strength.' Unmixed wine, Acratum
vinum, Vinum merum.
ACRATURE'SIS, from acratia, 'weakness,'
and ovpijatg, from ovpov, 'urine,' 'the act of dis-
charging the urine.' Inability to void the urine,
from paralysis of the bladder.
ACRE. The extremity or tip of the nose.
A'CREA, Acrote'ria, from oKpo;, ' the summit.'
The extreme parts of' the body, as the feet, hands,
ears, <fee.
Also the extreme parts of animals that are used
as food, Acroco'lia.
ACRID, from oKpo;, 'pointed,' or from n/cif, 'a
point,' Acer. An epithet for substances which
occasion a disagreeable sense of irritation or of
constriction at the top of the throat.
Acrid heat, (F.) Choleur &cre,\s one that causes
a hot tingling sensation at the extremities of the
fingers.
Acrid Poisov, See Poison.
AcuiDS, in Pathology, are certain imaginary
ACRIDOPIIAGI
31
ACT.EA CIMICIFUGA
substances, supposed by the humourists to exist
in the humours, and to cause various diseases.
See Acrimony.
ACIllDOPH'AGI.from aKpi(,aKpi&oi, 'alocust,'
and (payuy, ' I eat.' LocuH-eaters. Acridophagous
tribes are said to exist in Africa. — Strabo.
ACRIMONY, Acu'ituB, Acrimo'nin, from acer,
' acrid,' aicij, ' a point.' Acrimony of the humours.
An imaginary acrid change of the blood, lymph,
Ac, which, by the humourists, was conceived to
cause many diseases.
ACRIN'IA, from a, privative, and xpivta, 'I
separate.' A diminution in the quantity, or a
total susipension, of the secretions.
ACRIiS, a sharp bony prominence. Also, the
locust.
ACRI'SIA, Acri'aia, from a, privative, and
Kptais, 'judgment.' A condition of disease, in
■which no judgment can be formed ; or in which
an unfavourable opinion must be given. — Hipp,
and Galen.
ACRISIS, Acrisia.
ACRIT'ICAL. Ac'ritoK, (F.) Acritique,iTom a,
privative, and Kptais, 'judgment.' That which
takes place without any crisis, or which does not
foretell a crisis ; as a critical symptom, abscess, <fec.
ACRITOS, Acritical.
ACRIVIOLA, Tropseolum majus.
ACROBYS'TIA, u4cropo«'Mia, from aicpof, 'top,'
and (ivd), ' I cover.' The extremity of the prepuce.
— Hippocrates, Rufus.
ACROBYSTITIS, Posthitis.
ACROCHEIR', Acrochir', Acrocheir'on, from
oKpoi, 'extremity,' and x^^P> ' ^^^ hand.' The
forearm and hand. — Gorrajus. Also, the hand.
ACROCHOR'DON, from aKpos, 'extremity,'
and X''f^'i' '^ string.' A tumour which hangs by
a pedicle. A kind of hard wart, Verru'ca pens' -
His. — Aetius, Celsus.
ACROCIIORlvS'MUS, from axpof, 'extremity,'
and xopcvui, ' I dance.' A kind of dance, with
the ancients, in which the arms and legs were
violently agitated.
ACROCOLIA, Acrea.
ACROCOLIUM, Acromion.
ACROD'RYA, from a/cpoj, 'extremity,' and
ipvi, ' a tree.' Autumnal fruits, as nuts, ap-
ples, <fec.
ACRODY'N'IA, Eri/the'ma acrod'ynum, E.
ocrodi/u'ia, Ohiropodal' (jia, (F.) Acrodynle, 3fal
dea pieds et dcs mains, from oKpos, 'extremity,'
and o&vvn, ' pain.' A j)aiuful aflFection of the
wrists and ankles especially, which appeared in
Paris as an epidemic, in 1828 and 1829. It was
supposed by some to be rheumatic, by others to
be owing to spinal irritation. It appears to have
been the siinie as Dengue.
ACROLENION, Olecranon.
ACROMASTIUM, Nipple.
ACROMIA, Acromion.
ACRO'MIAL, Acromia'lis. Relating to the
Acromion.
Acromial Ar'terv, External Scap'vlar, A.
Arle'ria Th(irac"ica humern'lis, Artere troisieme
des Thornciques, — (Ch.) A. Thoracique hnme-
rale, arises from the anterior part of the axillary
artery, opposite the upper edge of the pectoralis
minor. It divides into two branches : one, supe-
rior • the other, inferior, — the branches of which
are distributed to the subclavius, serratus major
anticus, first intercostal, deltoid, and pectoralis
major muscles, as well as to the shoulder joint,
&c. They anastomose with the superior scapular,
thoracic, ami circumfiox arteries.
Acromial N k r v e s, 2\^ervi acromin'les.
Brandies of the fourth cervical nerve, which are
distributed to the acromial region.
Acromial Vein has the same arrangement as
the artery.
ACRO'MIO-CORACOrDEUS. Belonging to
the acromion and coracoid process.
The triangular ligament between the acromion
and coracoid process of the scapula is so called.
ACRO'MION, Acro'niiiiin, Acro'mia, Acro'mis,
from oKpoi, ' the top,' and w/ios, ' the shoulder.'
Os Acro'mii, JJu'merua suvimus, Armi/s si/z/i/inoi,
3hicro hu'meri, liostrnm porci'iium. Caput Scop'-
ul<B, Acroco'lium. The process which terminates
the spine of the scapula, and is articulated with
the clavicle.
ACROMIS, Acromion.
ACROMPHALIUM, Acromphalon.
A C R M'P H A L N, Acrompha'litim, from
oKpos, 'the top,' and op^a)\oi, 'the navel.' Ttie
extremity of the umbilical cord, which remains
attached to the foetus after birth.
ACROMYLE. Patella.
ACRO-NARCOTIC, See Poison.
A'CRONYX, from uKpos, 'the summit,' and
ovuf, 'the nail.' Growing in of the nail.
ACROPARAL'YSIS, from a/cuoj, ' extremity,'
and jrapaAuCTij, 'palsy;' ParaV y sis extremita' turn,
Palsy of the extremities. — Fucbs.
AGROPOSTHIA, Acrobystia.
ACROPOSTHITIS, Posthitis.
ACROPSI'LON, from aKpos, ' extremity,' and
ifiXos, ' naked.' The extremity of the glans penis.
ACRORIA, Vertex.
ACRORRHEU'MA, Rhenmatis'mns extremitn'-
tum, from uKpos, ' extremity,' a,nd pcv/ia, ' defluxion,
rheumatism.' Rheumatism of the extremities.
ACROS, axpoi, 'extremity, top.' The strength
of the Athletai, and of diseases ; the prominences
of bones; the extremities of the lingers, <tc. See
Acrocheir, Acromion, Ac.
ACROSTICHUM POLYPODIOIDES, Poly-
podiuin incanum.
ACROTERIA, Acrea. See Extremity.
ACROTERIASIS, Acroteriasmus.
AGROTERIAS'MUS, Acroteri'asis, from fl«po-
rripia, ' the extremities ;' hence aKporrn)ia^iiv. ' to
mutilate.' Amputation of the extremities.
ACROTHYM'ION, from aKpos, 'top.' and
■9-u^oi', 'thyme.' A kind of conical, rugous, bloody
wart, a " moist wart," compared by Celsus to the
flower of thyme.
ACROT'ICA, from axpos, 'summit.' Diseases
affecting the excernent functions of the external
surface of the body.
Pravity of the liuids or emunctories that open
on the external surface ; without fever or other
internal affection as a necessary accompaniment.
The 3d order of the class Eccrit'ica of Good.
ACROTISMUS, Asphyxia.
ACT, Actus, from actum, past participle of
agere, ' to do,' 'a thing done.' The effective ex-
ercise of a power or faculty. The action of an
agent. Acte is used by the French, to signify
the public discussion, which occurs in supporting
a thesis; — thus, souton'r tin Acte mix Eroles de
Medecine, is, 'to defend a Thesis in the Schools
of Medicine.'
ACTA, Gesta.
ACTiEA CIMICIFUGA, A. racemosn.
Act^'a Racemo'sa, a. Cimici/'iiya, Cimicif-
uqa racemo'sa. Macro' try s racemo'sa, Bot'rophia
Serpentn' ria (.?), Serpenta'ria nigra, Black snake-
root, liichweed, Cohosh, Squaw root, Jiattleweed,
Black Cohosh. (F.) Actee it grappes, Scrpentaire
noire. Ord. Ranunculaceas. Sex. Si/st. Polyan-
dria Pentagynia. A common plant in the United
Statep. The root, Cimicif 'tiga (Ph. U. S.), is as-
tringent; and, according to Barton, has been
successfully used, in the form of a decoction, as
a gargle in putrid sore throat. A decoction of
the root cures the itch. It is acro-narcotic, and
ACTE
82
ADDUCENS OCULI
tas been used in rheumatism, acute and chronic ;
chorea, <fcc.
Act.«'a Spica'ta, Christophoria'na sptca'ta,
Aconi'tuni racemo'sum, Bnneberry, Herb Chria'-
topher. (F.) Herbe St. Christojthe. A perennial
herbaceous European plant, the root of which
resembles that of the black hellebore. The root
is cathartic, and sometimes emetic, and in over-
doses may produce dangerous consequences.
ActcB'a Americn'na, of which there are two
varieties, A. alba and A. rubra, — white and red
cohosh, — is indigenous in the United States. It
has the same properties as A. spicata.
ACTE, Sambucus.
ACTE^, Act.
ACTEE d GRAPPES, Actaea racemosa.
ACriF, Active.
ACTIO, Action, Function.
ACTION, Ac'tio, Opcra'tio, Energi' a. Praxis :
from agere, actum, ' to act.' Mode in which one
object influences another.
The animal actions are those that occur in the
animal body : the vital, those that are essential
to life : the physiological, those of a healthy cha-
racter : the pathological or morbid, those that
occur in disease, &e. The ancients divided the
physiological actions into vital, animal, natural,
sexual, particular, general, &c. See Function.
ACTIONES NATURALES, see Function.
ACTIVE, same etymon. Bras' ticus, Aeti'vus,
Sthen'icus, Hypersthen'icus. (F.) Actif. This
adjective is used, in Pathology, to convey the idea
of superabundant energy or strength. Active
symptoms, e.g. are those of excitement. In The-
rapeutics, it signifies energetic : — as, an active
treatment. The French use the expression Me-
decine agissante, in contradistinction to Medecine
expectanfe. In Physiology, active has a similar
signification, many of the functions being divided
into active and passive.
ACTON. A village near London, at which
there is a purgative mineral spring, like that at
Epsom.
ACTUAL. Same etymon as active. That
which acts immediately. A term usually re-
stricted to the red-hot iron, or to heat in any
form; in contradistinction to the 2iotential or vir-
tual, which is applied to caustics or escharoties.
ACTUA'RIUS. Originally a title of dignity
given to the Byzantine physicians.
ACTUS PARTURITIONIS, Parturition.
ACUITAS, Acrimony.
ACULEUS LIGNEUS, Splinter.
ACUMETER, Acoumeter.
A'CUPUNCTURE, Acupunctu'ra, Acupuncta'-
tion, Actipunctura'tion, from acus, ' a needle,' and
punctura, a puncture,' A surgical operation,
much in use amongst the Chinese and Japanese,
which consists in puncturing p^rts with a very
fine needle. It has been employed, of late years,
in obstinate rheumatic affections, <fec., and appa-
rently with success. Acupuncture is likewise a
mode of infanticide in some countries ; the needle
being forced into the brain through the fonta-
nelles, or into the spinal marrow, ic.
ACURGIA, Surgery (operative).
ACUS, Needle — a. Capitati),, Pin — a. Invagi-
nata, see Needle — a. Ophthalmica, see Needle —
a. Paracentica, Trocar — a. Paracentetica, Trocar
— a. Triquetra vulgaris, Trocar — a. Veneris,
Eryngium campestre.
ACUSIMETER, Acoumeter.
ACUSIS, Audition.
ACUSTICA, Acoustics.
ACUSTICUS, Auditory.
ACUTE, Acu'tus, Oxys, o^vg, (nKis, *a point.')
(F.) Aigu. A disease which, with a certain de-
gree of severity, has a rapid progress, and short
duration, is said to be " acute."— Oxynose'ma,
O.ryn'osos, 0.ri/nu'sos.
Diseases we're formerly subdivided into Moibi
aautis'simi, very acute, or those which liist only
three or four days: M. subaculis'simi, which con-
tinue seven days : and M. subacu'ti, or those
which last from twenty to forty days.
The antithesis to acute is chronic. Acute, when
applied to pain, sound, cries, &c., means sharp.
ACUTENACULUM, Porte-aiguille.
ACYANOBLEP'SIA, from o, privative, Kvavoi.
'blue,' and ffXcnio, 'I see.' Defective visiim,
which consists in incapability of distinguishing
blue. — Gijthe. See Achromatopsia.
ACYESIS, Sterilitas.
ACYRUS, Arnica montana.
ACYSTINERVIA, Cystoparalysis.
ACYSTURONERVIA, Cystoparalysis.
ACYSTUROTROPHIA, Cystatrophia.
ACYTERIUS, Abortive.
ADACA. The Sphasran'thus In'dicus, a Mala-
bar plant, which is acrid and aromatic.
ADAC'RYA, from a, privative, and iaKpvia, 'I
weep.' Defective secretion of tears.
ADiEMONIA, Anxiety.
ADAKO'DIEN. A Malabar plant of the fa-
mily Apocynea3, used in that country in diseases
of the eyes.
AD'ALI, Lip'pin. A Malabar plant, which
the Orientals regard as an antidote to the bite of
the naja.
ADAMANTINE SUBSTANCE, Enamel of
the teeth.
ADAMAS, Diamond.
ADAMI'TA, Adami'tum. A very hard, white
calculus. — Paracelsus.
The first word has been used for stone in the
bladder : the second for lithiasis or the calculous
condition.
ADAM'S APPLE, Pomum Adami.
ADANSONIA DIGITATA, Baobab.
ADAPTER, from ad and ajito, ' I fit.' A tube
employed in pharmaceutical operations for length-
ening the neck of a retort; or in cases where the
opening of the receiver is not large enough to
admit the beak of the retort.
ADAR'CE, Adar'cion, Adar'cis. A concretion
found about the reeds and grass in theinarshy
regions of Galatia, and hiding them, as it were:
hence the name, from a privative, and ^tpicw, ' I
see.' It was formerly in repute for cleansing the
skin from freckles, &c.
ADARIGO, Orpiment.
ADARNECH, Orpiment.
ADARTICULATIO, Arthrodia.
AD CUTEM ABDOM'INIS (ARTERIA). The
superficial artery of the abdomen, — a branch of the
crural or femoral, which arises at the lower part
of Poupart's ligament, and ascends towards the
umbilicus, being distributed to the integuments.
ADDAD. A Numidian plant; bitter and poi-
sonous.
ADDEPIIAG"IA, Adephng"ia, from aiinv,
'much,' and ipayctv, 'to eat.' Voraciousness.
Galen and Hott'mann have given this name to
voracious appetite in children affected with
worms. Sauvages refers it to Bulimia. Also,
the goddess of gluttony.
ADDER'S TONGUE, Ophioglossum vulgatum.
ADDISON. DISEASE OF, see Capsule, renal.
ADDITAMEN'TUM. A term once used sy-
nonymously with Epiphysis. It is now restricted
to the prolongation of two cranial sutures, the
lambdoidal and squamous.
Additame.ntum CoLi, Appendix vermiformis
c»ci— a. Neoatum, Olecranon — .a. ad Sacro-lum-
balem, see Sacro-lumbalis — a. Uncatum ulnse,
Olecranon — a. Uliiie, Radius.
ADDUCENS OCULI, Rectus internus oculi.
ADDUCTEUR DE L'CEIL
33
ADENONCOSIS
ADDUOTEUR DE VCEIL, Rectus inter-
nus ocuU — n. du Gros orteil, Adductor poUicis
pedis — a. Premier ou moi/en, Adductor longus
femoris — a. du Pouce, Adductor poHicis manQs
— n. Second ou petit, Adductor brevis — a. Troi-
eieinc ou grand. Adductor tnagnus.
ADDUCTION, Adduc'tio, from ad, 'to,' and
ducere, ' to draw.' Paragu'ge. The action by
which parts are drawn towards the axis of the
body.
The muscles which execute this function are
called Addiic'tors.
ADDUCTOR MEDII DIGITI PEDIS, Pos-
teriar niedii digiti pedis — a. Oculi, Rectus inter-
ims oculi.
Adduc'tor Metacar'pi min'imi Dig"itt, Me-
tac'tr'peuK, Gnr' po-metacar'peua min'imi di<j"iti,
is situate between the adductor and flexor, next
to the metacarpal bone. It arises, fleshy, from
the unciform process of the os unciforme, and
from the contiguous part of the annular ligament
of the wrist, and is inserted, tendinous and fleshy,
into the fore-part of the metacarpal bone of the
little finger, from its ba?e to its head.
Adduc'tou Pol'licis Manus, A. Pol'lids, A.
ad min'imum dig"itum, Metncar' j)o-phalan' ycus
pol'licis — (Ch.) (F.) Adducteur da pouce. A
muscle which arises, fleshy, from almost the
whole length of the metacarpal bone of the mid-
dle finger, and is inserted into the inner part of
the root of the first bone of the thumb.
Adduc'tor Pol'licis Pedis, Antith'enar, Me-
tatar'so-subphalan'geus pollicis. — (Ch.) Ttxrso-
metatarsi-phalnngien du ponce. (F.) Adducteur
du gros orteil. Arises by a long, thin tendon,
from the under part of the os calcis, from the os
cuboides, os cuneiforme externum, and from the
root of the metatarsal bone of the second toe. It
is divided into two fleshy portions, and is inserted
into the external sesamoid bone, and root of the
metatarsal bone of the great toe.
Bichat has given the general name, Adduc'-
tors, to those of the interosseous muscles of the
hand or foot, which perform the action of ad-
duction.
Adductor Tertii Digiti Pedis, Prior tertii
digiti pedis.
Adductors of the thigh. These are three
in number, which have, by some anatomists, been
united into one muscle — the Triceps Adduc'tor
Fem'oris.
1. Adduc'tor longus fern' oris, Adduc'tor fem'-
oris primus, Triceps minor, Pu' bio-femora' lis —
(Ch.) (F.) Premier ou moi/en adducteur. Arises
by a strong tendon from the upper and fore part
of the OS pubis and ligament of the symphysis,
at the inner side of the pectinalis. It runs down-
wards and outwards, and is inserted by a broad,
flat tendon, into the middle of the linea aspera.
2. Adduc'tor brevis, A. fem'oris secun'dus,
Triceps secun'dna, Sub-pubio-femora'fis — (Ch.)
(F.) Second ou petit Adducteur. Arises tendi-
nous from the os pubis, at the side of its sym-
physis, below and behind the last muscle. It
runs obliquely outwards, and is inserted by a
short, flat tendon into the inner and upper part
of the linea aspera, from a little below the tro-
chanter minor to the beginning of the insertion
of the adductor longus.
3. Adduc'tor magnns, Adduc'tor fem'oris ter'-
tius et (juartus, Triceps magnus, h'chio-femora'-
lig — (Ch.) (F.) Troisieme ou grand adducteur, is
much larger than either of the others. It arises
from the ramus of the pubis, from that of the
ischium, and from the tuber ischii, and is inserted
into the whole length of the linea aspera. Near
the lower part of the linea aspera it is pierced
by a kind of oblique, fibrous canal, through which
the crural artery and vein pass.
3
ADEC. The inner man. — Paracelsus.
ADECTA, Sedatives.
ADELIPARIA, Polysarcia.
ADELODAGAM. A bitter Malabar plant,
used in asthma, catarrh, and gout.
ADELPHIA, see Adelphixia.
ADELPIIIX'IA, Adeljthix'is ; from oM^oj,
'brother.' Consanguinity of parts in health or
disease; Frater'nitas, Fratra'tio. Hippocrates
used the word Adel'pihia for diseases that re- '
semble each other.
ADELPHIXIS, Sympathy.
ADEMONIA, Depres.-ion, Nostalgia.
ADEMOSYNE, Depression, Nostalgia.
ADEN, aiqv, 'a gland;' hence Adenalgia,
Adeniform, <fec. — see Gland.
ADENAL'GIA, Adenodyn'ia, from airiv, 'a
gland,' and aXyus, ' pain.' Glandular jiain.
ADENECTOP'IA, from ainv, 'a gland,' and
CKTUJTOi, ' removed from its place.' Dislocation
of a gland.
ADENEMPHRAX'IS, from ainv, 'a gland.'
and tfKppa^ii, ' obstruction.' Glandular obstruc-
tion.
ADENIES, Adenopathies angibromiques. Dis-
eases of the glands connected wirh the digestive
tube. — Piorry.
ADEN'IFORM, Adeniform' is, A denoi'des,
Ad'enoid, from Aden, 'a gland,' and Fortim,
' form or resemblance.' Glan'diform, or resem-
bling a gland.
ADENITE, Adenitis — a. Lymphatique, Lym-
phadenitis.
ADENI'TIS, from aSrjv, 'a gland,' and itis, a
termination denoting inflammation. l'lilcgmn'>siii
ade7io'sa seu glnndul'j'sa. (F.) Adenite. Glandu-
lar inflammation.
Adenitis Lyjiphatica, Lymphadenitis.
Adeni'tiS Mesentkr'ica, Ulesenter'ic Gnngli-
oni'tis. Inflammation of the mesenteric glands.
Adenitis Palpebrarum Contagiosa, see Oph-
thalmia.
ADENOCE'LE, from ai?iy, 'a gland,' and «»;>;?,
'a rupture,' 'a tumour.' Under this term Mr.
Birlvett includes tumours of the mamm;v,
which contain structures similar to, if not identi-
cal with, the normal secreting tissue of the gland,
and more especially the cysto-sarcoma, and
chronic mammary tumours of surgical authors.
ADEN0CHIRAPS0L0G"IA, from ait)v, 'a
gland,' X'-^P' ' '^^ hand,' otttw, ' I lay hold of,' and
Xoyos, 'a description.' The doctrine of curing
scrofula or the king's evil by the royal touch.
ADENOCHON'DRIUS, from air/v, 'a. gland,'
and pfoi'^pos, 'a cartilage.' Relating to gland and
cartilage, — for example, Arthrophi/'mn adcno-
chon'drium, a tumefaction of the glands and Chr-
tilages of joints.
ADENODERMIES SYPHILITIQVES, A.
symphyosiques, from airiv, ' a gland.' and Sipfto,
' skin.' Syphilitic affections of the glands of the
skin.
ADENODYNIA, Adenalgia.
ADENOG'RAPHY^, Adenogra'pTiin, from a^r]v,
' a gland,' and ypaipu, ' I describe.' That part of
anatomy which describes the glands.
ADENOID. Adeniform.
ADENOIDES, Adeniform.
ADENOL'OGY', Adenolog^ia, from airjv, 'a
gland,' and \oyos, 'a description.' A treatise on
the glands.
ADENOMALA'CIA. from a^v, 'a gland,' and
paXaKia, 'softening.' Mo-llescence or softening
of a gland.
ADENO-MENINGEAL, see Fever, adeno-
meninceal.
ADENONCOSIS, Adenophyma.
ADENONCUS
3 4
ADirOCIRE
ADENONCUS, Adenopbyraa.
ADENO-NERVOUS FEVER, Plague.
ADENOPATHIES ANGIUROMIQVES,
A rlfii irn.
ADE'NO-PHARYN'GEUS, from ainv, ' a
gland,' and <piipvy^, (p/tpvyyos, 'the pharynx.'
Some fleshy fibres, which pass from the con-
strictor pharyngis inferior to the thyroid gland,
have received this name. Their existence is not
constant.
ADE'NO-PHARYNGI'TIS. Same etymon.
Inflammation of the tonsils and pharynx.
ADENOPIITHALMIA, Ophthalmia tarsi.
ADEXOPHY'MA, Adennu'cKs, Adenonco'sis,
from aS>iv, ' a gland,' and 0u^u, ' a swelling.
Swelling of a gland, or glandiform ganglion.
(F.) (Jla)idn(je. Adeiiophyma is used by some to
signify a soft glandular swelling; — Adenoncus,
one of a harder character. — Kraus.
Ademopuvma Inguinalis. Bubo.
ADENOSCIR'RIIUS, Adenosdero'sis, from
a?riv, 'a gland,' and axippoi, 'induration.' Scir-
rhous induration of a gland.
ADENOSCLEROSIS, Adenoscirrhus.
ADENOSIS SCROPHULOSA, Scrofula.
ADKNO'SUS, (A6«ef«'«i(8). A hard, glandular
abscess, which suppurates slowly. — M. A. Seve-
rinus.
ADENOSYNCHITONITIS, Ophthalmia Neo-
natorum.
ADENOT'OMY', Adenotom'ia, from aSriv, 'a
gland,' and Ttyivui, 'I cut.' Dissection of the
glands.
ADEPHAGIA, Addephagia, Boulimia.
ADEPS. genitive Adipia, Adeps Stii'l/u.i,0r7/n'-
ginm, Phigiie'do, Lar'idum, Lardiim, Lnrd.
(Prov.) Moit, Stdlia, Swiiiemime. Pig's flare.
The fat of the hog. In the Ph. U. S.i the pre-
pared fat of »SV» scrofa, free from saline matter.
Adeps Anseri'nus, Adeps aii'seris or Goose
(jietisc, (F.) GraiHse d'Oie, is emollient. It has
been used as an emetic.
Adkps Cantharidibus Medicatus, Unguen-
tuin lyttiB medicatum — a. Cortice Daphnes gnidii
medicatus, Unguentum epispasticum de Daphne
gnidio — a. Humanus, Liquamuinia — a. Hydrar-
gyro meilicatus, Unguentum Hydrargyri — a. ex
Hydrargyro mitius dictum cinereum, Unguentum
oxidi hydrargyri cinereum — a. Hydrargyri muri-
ate oxygenate medicatus, Unguentum inuriatis
liydrnrgyri oxygenati medicatum — a. Hydrargyri
nitrate medicatus, Unguentum hydrargyri nitratis
— a. Hydrargyri oxido rubro et pluinbi acetate
medicatus, Unguentum ophthalmicum — a. Lauro
medicatus, Unguentum laurinum — a. Myristicas,
see Myristica — a. Ovilli, Sevum — a. Papavere,
liyoscyaino, et belladonna medicatus, Unguentum
populeum.
Adeps Pr^para'tus, A. SuiUna ProBpnrn'his,
Hog's lard, Bdrrtnc's grease, Lnrd, Ax'nnge,
A.rnn'gio, Axun'gia pnrci'na, (F.) Graisse de
Pore, Sniudoux, Axonge. is prepared by melting
pig's flare, and straining it. This is called ren-
dcriuf) the lard. Lard is emollient, but is chiefly
used for forming ointments and plasters.
Adeps Suillus Pr^bparatus, Adeps Praepa-
ratus — a. Sulfure et ainmoniae mtiriate medicatus,
Unguentum sulphuratum ad scabiem — a. Sulfure
et carbonate potasss medicatus, Unguentum
sulphuratum alcalinum ad scabiem — a. Tartaro
stibii medicatus, Unguentum antimonii tartarizati
— a. Oxido zinci medicatus, Unguentum oxidi
zinci impurL
ADEPT, Alchvraist.
ADEP'TA MEDICI'NA. Medicine, which
treated of diseases contracted b}' celestial opera-
ti')ns, or eoraraunicated from heaven.
Adepta PaiLosopuiA, Alchymy.
ADERMONERVIA, Dermatancurin.
ADERMOTROPH'IA, from n, pnv., Stpfia,
'skin,' and Tpo<pr,, 'nourishment.' Extenuation
or atrophy of the skin.
ADFLATUS, Afflatus.
ADILERENTIA, Adherence.
ADH/ESIO, Adherence. ,^ , , _ „
ADll ATO'B A, Ji'stic"ia ndhnto'dn. Itic il/o.
lalmr A,it Tree. (F.) Noyer de Ceylon Used
in India for expelling the dead foetus in abortion.
The word is said to convey this meaning in the
Cevlonese. , ■ ,i
ADHE'RENCE, Adhe'sion, AdhcBren tin, ton-
cre'tio, Atre'aia, Pros'physis, Proseol/e'sis, Ad.
hcB'sio, from ndhcBrere, (ad and hcBrere,) ' to stick
to.' These words are usually employed synonym-
ously. The French often use adherence for the
state of union, and adhesion for the act of ad-
hering.
ADHESION, Adherence.
ADHE'SIVE INFLAMMA'TION is that in-
flammation which terminates by an adhesion
between inflamed and separated surfaces, and
which was, at one time, supposed to be necessary
for such adiiesion.
Adhe'sive is also an epithet for certain plasters
which stick closely to the skin.
ADIANTUUM, Adiantum.
ADIANTUM, A. pedatum.
Adiantum ^thiop'icum. A South African
plant, Ord. Filices, an infusion of which is some-
times used as an emollient in coughs, and iu
diseases of the chest.
Adiantum Album, Asplenium rata muraria —
a. Aureum, Polytrichum.
Adian'tum Capil'lus Ven'eris, A. Coriandri-
fo'lium seu Nigrum, Capil'lus Ven'eris, from a,
privative, and iiaivia, ' to grow wet,' from the
leaves not being easily moistened. Ilaiden hair.
(P.) CapiUnire de Ifontpellier. A European
plant, of feeble, aromatic and demulcent pro-
perties. It is used for forming the Sirop de Ca-
pillaire or Capillaire.
Adia.ntum Coriandrifolium, A. Capillus Ve-
neris — a. Nigrum, A. Capillus Veneris.
Adian'tum Peda'tum, A. Canadeu'se seu Pn-
tens, Adiantum, Capil'lus Ven'eris Canadeii'iit,
Herba Ven'eris, Filix Ven'eris. Canada M(tiden-
hair, American Maidenhair, Roclcfern, SwectJ'eni,
(F.) Capillaire du Canada, has the same proper-
ties. Capillaire was once made from this. Seo
Adiantum.
Adiantum RnBRUM,Asplenium tricbomanoides.
ADIAPHANIE PERICHRYSAL TIQUE,
see Cataract.
ADIAPHORO'SIS, Adinphore'sis, from a. pri-
vative, (5(u, 'through,' and (popos, 'a pore.' Dol'i'ct
or suppression of perspiration, Adiapneus'lia.
ADIAPH'OROUS, Adiaph'orus, ludiff'erw,
Neutral. A medicine which will neither do harm
nor good.
ADIAPNEUSTIA, Adiaphorosis.
ADIARRHffi'A, from a, privative, and iiap-
puv, ' to flow.' Retention of any excretion.—
Hippocrates.
ADIATH'ESIC, Adiathes'icus, from a, priva-
tive, and iia^taii, 'diathesis.' In the system of
controstimulism, adialhesic diseases are such as
occur without any antecedent diathesis.
ADICE. Urtiea.
ADIPATUS, Fatty.
AUIPEUX. Adipose.
ADIPOCERA, Adipocire — o.. Cetosa, Ccta-
ceum.
ADIPOCritE, Adipoce'ra, from adeps, 'fat,'
and cera, 'wax.' The ba.se of biliary calculi,
called also Chol'esleriue. Also, a sort of soap,
formed from animal matter under certain circum-
ADIPOCIRE DE BALEINE 3.
.ED(EOGARGARISMUS
Ftances. (P.) Grnt den Cndavres, Grn» des Oime-
tiirea. The human body, when it has been for
some weeks in water, assumes this appearance;
ivnd It has been a subject of legal inquiry, what
length of time is necessary to produce it. This
must, of course, depend upon various circum-
stances, as climate, season, &c.
^OfPOC/RE BE BALEINE, Cetaceum.
Ap'IPOSE. Ad'ipoiis, A'JIpo'siis, from adeps,
fat.' {¥.) Adipeiijr. That which relates to fat-
as Adipose membrane, A. vessels, &c. See Fatty.
Au'iPosE Satico'ma of A-a'EHNF.THY, Emphy'ma
sdi-co'ina adipo'sitm, is suetty throughout, and
enclosed in a thin capsule of condensed areolar
substance, connected by means of minute vessels.
It is chiefly found on the fore and back parts of
the trunk. See Sarcoma.
ADIPOSIS. See Polysarcia.
Anipo'sis Hepat'ica, Pimelo'sis seu steafo'sis
scu iiKiliix'is hepat'ica, Hepnr adipo'sum, Fatty
lirer. Fatty defeneration of the lirer, (P.) Deye-
n6resceiice graisseuse du Foie. Patty disease of
the liver.
ADIPOSUS, Fatty.
ADIPOUS, Fatty.
ADIP'SIA, Dipso'sis expers. Absence of thirst.
ADIP'SON, Adip'sum, from a, privative, and
5i\la, 'thirst.' Any substance wiiich relieves
thirst. Applied to a decoction of barley to which
o.xymel was added. — Hippocrates.
ADIPSOS, Glycyrrhiza.
AD'ITUS, 'an entrance,' 'an approach ;' from
adere, aditum, 'to go to.' Pros' odos. The en-
trance to a canal or duct, as Aditus ad Aquaeduc-
ttiin Fallopii.
AniTus An Infundibulum, Vulva.
ADIULIS'TOS, from a, privative, and Siv\i^<i),
' I strain.' Unstrained wine for pharmaceutical
purposes. — Gorrseus.
ADJUNCTUM, Accompaniment.
AUJUTOR PARTCS, Accoucheur.
AD'JUVANT, Ad'Jtivnns, from adjuvare, 'to
aid.' A medicine, introduced into a prescription
to aid the operation of the principal ingredient
or basis. Also, whatever assists in the removal
or prevention of disease.
Al)3flNICULE, Adniinic'ulum, (ad and ma-
1IIIS, -a. hand'). A prop, a support. Anything
that aids the action of a remedy.
ADNASCENTIA, Prosphysis.
ADNy^TA (TUNICA,) Conjunctiva.
ADNEE {MEMDRAXE,) Conjunctiva.
ADOLES'CENCE, Adoleecen'tia, Juven'ta, Ju-
ven'tas, Jiiven'tus, ^Etas bona. Youth; from ado-
leacere, (ad and olescere,) 'to grow.' (P.) Jeun-
esse. The period between puberty and that at
which the body acquires its full development;
being, in man, between the 14th and 25th years;
and, in woman, between the 12th and 21st.
AUOLES'CENS, Ju'venis, Hehe'tes, Hebe'ter,
Hcbe'tor, Hypene'tes. A youth. A young man
in the period of adolescence.
ADO'LIA. A Malabar plant, whose leaves,
put in oil, form a liniment, used in facilitating
labour.
A DOR, Zea mays.
ADORION, Daucus carota.
ADOUOISSAXT. Demulcent.
AD PONDUS OM'NIUM. The weight of the
whole. In a prescription it means, that any
particular ingredient shall equal in weight the
whole of the others.
A DRAG A XT, Tragacantha.
ADRAGANTHE, Tragacantha.
ADRA RIZA, Aristoloehia clematitis.
ADHOBO'I/ON', from aipos, 'great,' and iSuXoy,
'muss.' The bdellium of India, which is in larger
pieces thau that of .\rabia.
ADROS, aSpos, 'plump and full.' Applied to
the habit of body, and also to the pulse. — Hippo-
crates.
ADSARIA PALA. Dolichos pruriens.
ADSPIRATIO, Aspiration, Inspiration.
ADSTANS, Prostate.
ADSTITES GLANDULOSI, Prostate.
ADSTRICTIO, Astriction, Constipation.
ADSTRICTORIA, Astringents.
ADSTRINGENTIA, Astringents.
ADULAS'SO. The Jnstitia bivuhis. A small
shrub, used in India as a local application in gout.
ADULT, see Adult age.
Adult Age, Andri'a, from adolescere, ' to
grow to,' (ad and olere, olituw, 'to grow.') 17-
ril'ity, manhood. The age succeeding adoles-
cence, and preceding old age. In the civil law,
an adult is one, who, if a boy, has attained the
age of fourteen years; and, if a girl, of twelve.
In the common law, one of full age. Adult,
Adnl'tns, is also used for one in the adult age.
ADULTERATIO, Falsification.
ADULTUS, see Adult age.
ADUNCATIO unguium, Onychogryphosis.
ADURENS, Caustic.
ADURION, Rhus coriaria.
ADUST, Adus'tus, from adurere, (ad and
urere,) 'to burn.' The blood and fluids were
formerly said to be adust, when there was much
heat in the constitution, and but little scrum in
the blood.
ADUSTIO, Adustion, Burn.
ADUS'TION, Adus'tlo. State of the body
described under Adust. In surgery, it signifies
cauterization.
ADVENTITIOUS DISEASES, Acquired dis-
C3SCS.
ADVENTITIUS, Accidental.
ADYNA'MIA, Impoten'tia ; from a, privative,
and ivvafiii, 'strength,' Adyna'sia, Adyna'tia.
Considerable debility of the vital powers; as in
typhus fever. Some Nosologists have a class of
diseases under the name Adynamia, Ec'lysea,
Ilorbi asthcn'ici.
Adynamia Viuilis, Impotence.
ADYNAM'IC, Adynam'icus, Hypodynam'ic,
Hypodynam'icxis ; same etymon. Appertaining
to debility of the vital powers.
ADYNASIA, Adynamia.
ADYNATIA, Adynamia.
ADYNATOCOMIUM, Hospital.
ADYNATODOCHIUM, Hospital.
ADYNATOS, Sickly.
iEDCEA, Genital Organs.
^Dffi'AGRA, from ai&oia, 'genital organs,'
and aypa, ' seizure.' Gout in the genitals.
^DCEAG'RAPHY, uEdieayraph'ia, JSdae-
og'raphy. from acioia, ' organs of generation,' and
yoa<po>, ' I describe.' A description of the organs
of generation.
^Dffi AL'OGY, .iEdcealo(f"la,Ji:doeol'ogy, from
aiioia, 'organs of generation,' and Auyoj, ' a de-
scription.' A treatise on the organs of generation.
MDQiAT'OMY, yEd,xatom'ia. yEdwotom'ia,
uEdceot'ome, ^docot'omy, from atiota, ' organs of
generation,' and rt/avu), ' I cut.' Dissection of the
parts of generation.
MD(EVTIS, yEdo-oti'tis, MedeVtis ; from at-
Soia, 'organs of generation,' and ilis, denoting
inflammation. Inflammation of the genital or-
gans.
^.DCEOBLENORRIICEA. Leucorrhoea.
iEDCEODYN'IA, from aii^oui, 'organ* of gene-
ration,' and oivvrj, ' pain.' Pain in the genitals.
Pudendagra.
iEDCEOGARGALUS, Masturbation, Nyrapho-
mania.
^D(EOGARGARISMUS, Masturbation,
Nymphomania.
iEDCEOGRAPHY
36
AKROMANCY
^DCEOGPvAPIIY. TEiloeagraphy.
-S;i)CKOLO(iY, JRilcealogy.
JEDtEOMANIA, Nvrapliomania.
^ED(EOMYCODERMI'TIS, from aiSoia, 'or-
gans of generation,' //ukoj, ' mucus,' and iepua,
'skin.' Inflammation of the mucous membrane
of the genital organs.
^DtEON, Inguen.
^DCEOPSOPJIESIS, ^doeopsophia.
iEDCEOPSOPH'IA, ^Edueopsophe'ais, from ai-
Soia, ' organs of generation,' and yl^oipuv, ' to make
a noise.' Emission of wind by the urethra in
man, by the vagina in woman. — Sauvages and
Sagar.
^ncEOPSOPHiA Uterina, Physometra.
^DCEOS'COPY, uEdwoscop' ia, from ai&oia,
'organs of generation,' and oKonttv, 'to view.
Exploration of the organs of generation.
^DCEOTITIS, ^jda3itis— a;. Gangraenosa, Col-
poeace — se. Gangra>nosa puellarum, Colpocace
infantilis — se. Gangraenosa puerperarum, Colpo-
cace puerperarum.
^DCEOTOME, ^doeatomy.
jEDfEOTOMIA, iEdoeatomy.
iEDCEOTOMY, ^dccatoniy.
iEDO PTOSIS, Ilysteroptosis — se. Uteri, Pro-
lapsus uteri— ae. Uteri inversa. Uterus, inversion
„f the — as. Uteri retroversa, Retroversio uteri —
re. Yaginffi, Prolapsus V. — aj. Vesicae, Exocyste.
iEEIG'LUCES, Aei(f luces, from mi, 'always,'
and yXixcuf, ' sweet.' A kind of sweet wine or
must. — Gorraeus.
iEGAGROPI'LA, ^(/agrro^jiVKS, from aiynypog,
'the rock goat,' and ttiAos, 'hair,' Beznar d'Alle-
inagne, Pila Dama' rum seu Biipicnpra'ritm. A
ball composed of hairs, found in the stomach of
the goat: once used medicinally.
iEGEIROS, Populus.
jEGER, Sick.
^'GIAS, yEc/!s, J^ijlia, J^'gidea, from uif,
oiyoi, ' the goat;' why, is not known. (F.) Aige
or Aigle. There is obscurity regarding the pre-
cise meaning of this word. It was used to desig-
nate an ulcer, or speck on the transparent cornea.
— Hippocrates.
Maitre Jean uses it for a calcareous deposit
between the conjunctiva and sclerotica.
tEGIDES, ^gias.
iE'GILOPS, An'chilops, An'l-ylops, from aif,
niyos, 'goat,' and wi/', 'the eye.' An ulcer at the
greater angle of the eye, which sometimes does
not penetrate to the lachrymal sac, but at others
does, and constitutes fistula lacrymalis. — Galen,
Celsus, Oribasius, Aetius, Paulus of ^gina, <fec.
^Gl'RINON. An ointment of which the fruit
or flower of the poplar was an ingredient; from
atytipoi, ' the black poplar.'
.^(iLIA, ^gias.
JilGOCERAS, Trigonella foenum.
JiGOLETHRON. Ranunculus flammula.
^GONYCHON, Lithospermum officinale.
^GOPIIOXIA. Egophony.
^GOPHONICUS, Egophonic.
jEGO PODIUM PODAGRARIA, Ligusticum
podagraria.
^GRIPPA, Agrippa.
^GRITUDO, Disease— £E. Ventriculi, Vomit-
ing.
^GROTATIO, Disease.
^GROTUS, Sick.
jEGYP'TIA. An epithet for several medi-
cines, mentioned by Galen, Paulus of iEgina,
and Myrepsus.
MdYPTiii. MoscHATA, Hlbiscus abelmoschus.
iEoYP'TIA StYPTe'ria, Aiyui-na arvnTripta,
jEgyptinn alum. Recommended by Hippocrates.
JEgyp'tia Ul'ckra ; jEgyptinn ulrem. Ulcers
of the fauces and tonsils, de.>icribed by Aretseus,
as common in Egypt and Syria.
^GYPTIACUM, JEgyp'tion, Mendc s,on, Mel
^.,,jptiacum, Fhar'macum J^gjpUacum. ^ Pre-
paration of vinegar, honey, and vord.gns. scarcely
used now, except by veterinary surgeons as a de-
tergent. See Linimentum iErugiuis.
3('(iYPTT0N /^i'VPtiacum.
^r/pTIUM MEDICAMENTUM AD
AURES, Pharmacum ad aures.
JiGYP'TIUS PESSUS: JEgypUnn pesmry.
A pessary, comi)osed of honey, turpentine, butter,
oil of lily or of rose, safl'ron, each one part; with
sometimes a small quantity of verdigris.
AEICIIRYSON, Sedum.
^IPATHEIA, see Continent (Disease.)
AEIPATIIIA, see Continent (Disease.)
^MOPTOICA PASSIO, Haemoptysis.
iENEA, Catheter.
iEOLECTlIYMA, Variola.
^OLLION, Varicella.
^OLLIUM, Varicella.
^ON, anav. The entire age of a man from
birth till death. — Hippocrates, Galen. Also, the
spinal marrow. See Medulla Spinalis.
^ONESIS, Fomentation.
jEONION, Sedum.
^O'RA, from aiuipm, 'I suspend.' Gestation,
swinging.— Aetius, Celsus, &c.
^QUALIS, Equal.
iEQUA'TOR OC'ULI. The line formed by tlic
union of the upper and under eyelid, when they
are closed. It is below the middle of the globe.
iEQUIVOCUS, Equivocal.
AER, Air.
AERATION OF THE BLOOD, Hacraatosis.
AERATUS, Carbonated.
AERENDOCAR'DIA, (F.) Aerendncardie,
from ntjp, 'air,' and endocnrdinm. Presence of
air in the endocardium or lining membrane of the
heart. — Piorry.
AERE, Carbonated.
AKRENTERECTASIA, Tympanites.
^REOLUM, jEreolus, Ohalcus. The sixth
part of an obolus by weight, consequently about
2 grains.
iE'RESIS, aiptcii, 'the removal of any thing.'
A suffix denoting a removal or separation, as
Apheeresis, Diaiye'sle, &c.
AERETHMIE, Emphysema.
A^RETHMOPNEUMONIE, see Emphysema
of the Lungs.
AERGIA, Torpor.
AERH^MATOX'IA, (F.) ASrhemntna-ic ;
from arip, ' air,' aipn, ' blood,' and to^ikov, ' poison.'
Poisoning by the reception of air into the blood-
vessels.
AERIF'EROUS, Aerifer, (F.) Aerifh-e, from
aer, 'air,' and ferre, 'to carry.' An epithet for
tubes which convey air, as the larj'nx, trachea,
and bronchia.
ARRIFLUX'US. The discharge of gas, and
the fetid emanations from the sick. Flatulence.
— Sauvages.
AERODERMECTASIA, Emphysema.
AERODIAPH'THORA, from ar,p, 'air,' and
Sia<p6opa, 'corruption.' A corrupt state of the air.
AERO-ENTERECTASIA, Tymp.inites.
AEROHYDROP'ATIIY. Acrohydropathi'a,
from arip, 'air,' Wuip, 'water,' and Tra^og, 'affec-
tion.' A mode of treating disease, in which air
and water are the chief agents employed.
AEROL'OGY; A'erolog"ia, A'erolog" ice, from
arip, 'air,' and Xoyog, 'a description.' That part
of physics which treats of the air, its qualities
uses, and action on the animal economy.
AEROMAN'CY, Acromauti'a, from anp, 'air,'
and jiavTcia, ' divination.' An art in judicial us-
AEROMELI
37
^THER
trology, which consists in the foretelling, by
means of the air, or substances found in the at-
mosphere.
AKROMELI, Fraxinus ornus.
AEIiOPERITONlE, see Tympanites.
AKllOl'lIOB'IA, from aijp, 'air,' and (^o^oi,
'fear.' Dread of the air. This symptom often
accompanies hydrophobia, and sometimes hyste-
ria and other aS'ections.
AKROPIIOiriCUS, Aeroph' obits ; same ety-
mon. One affected with aerophobia.
AKROPIIORUS, Aerophobicus.
AKROPHTIIORA, Aerodiaphthora.
A/inOfLEdRfE, Pneumothorax.
AEROPNEUMONASIE, see Emphysema of
the Ijiin^^s.
AEIWPNEUMONECTASIE, see Emphy-
sema of the Lungs.
AKRORA'CHIA, from aijp, 'air,' and pa;^ij,
'spine.' Accumuhition of air in the spine.
AKRO.SIS, Pneumatosis, Tympanites.
AKROTIIORAX, Pneumothorax.
iERUCA, Cupri subacetas.
2& R U'G I N U S, Mrugim/suM, lo'des, from
mriKjo, 'verdigris.' (F. ) Erucjineitx. Resem-
bling verdigris in colour; as the bile when dis-
charged at times from the stomach.
iERU'GO, (Of, from cbh, ' copj)er.' The rust
of any metal, properly of brass. See Cupri Suba-
cetas.
^Kiioo Fbrri, Ferri subcarbonas — ae. Plumbi,
Pluml)i subcarbonas.
iES, Cuprum.
iBSCIIOS, a(cr;^oj. Deformity of the body gene-
rally, or of some part. — Hippocrates.
.ES'CULUS IIIPPOCAS'TANUM, from esca,
' food,' [ ?] Ciistd' tiea eqiii'na, Pavi'na, Horae-
ihi'Htniit, Buck-eye. (F.) Marronier ou Marron-
iiier d'Inde. Ord. Ilippocastaneae. Sex. Syst.
lleptandria Monogynia. The bark has been
advised as a substitute for cinchona. Both bark
and fruit are astringent. Externally, it has been
employed, like cinchona, in gangrene.
iESECAVUM, Brass.
TESTATES, Ephelides.
iESTlIE'MA, aiadrifia, aiaOniiaToi, 'a sensa-
tion, a perception.' See Sensation and Sensi-
iiility. In the plural, oBsthe'tnata, the apparatuses
of the senses.
VE S T II E M A T L'O G Y, JEsthemutolog" ia ;
from aiaOt/nu, atadnfiaroi and \oyui, ' a discourse.'
The doctrine of, or a treatise on, the senses, or
on the apparatus of the senses.
VESTFIKMATONU'SI, yEsthemntorf/anonu'si,
from aiadriiin, niaOrjiiaToi, aud vovaoi, ' diseases.'
Diseases aifecting sensation.
tESTIIEMATOHGANONUSI, ^sthe-
niatonusi.
JESrHESlOG'RAVHY, yEsthesiofjra'pkia,
fi-oni aiaS)i<'ti, 'perception, sensation,' and ypa<pri,
' a description.' A description of the sensorial
apparatuses.
M S T II E S 1 L'O G Y, ^sthef{ofog"ia, from
aiaSni'it 'perception, sensation,' and Xoyoi, 'a
discourse.' The doctrine of, or a treatise on,
sensation or the senses.
iESTHE'SIS, Aisthe'aig, from aia^avofiai, 'I
feel.' The faculty of being affected by a sensa-
tion. Perception. Sensibility, as well as the
senses themselves. See Sense.
yF.STIIETERION, Sensorium.
yESTlIET'lC.V, from ataeuvo/iai, 'I feel.' Dis-
eases afl'ecting the sensations. Dulness, depra-
vation or abolition of one or more of the external
orfans of sense. The 2d order, class Neurotica,
of^Good. Also, agents that afifect sensation. —
Percira.
iESTIVUS, Estival.
^STUARIUM, Stove.
iESTUATIO, Ardor, Ebullition, Fermentation.
iESTUS, Ardor.
.aJsTus Volat'icus. Sudden heat, scorching
or flushing of the face. — Vogel.
jETAS, Age — as. Bona, Adolescence — se. De-
crepita. Decrepitude — ae. Mala, Senectus — ae.
Provecta, Senectus — ae. Senilis, Senectus.
iETIIER, Ether, from ai&rip, ' air,' or from ai^u,
' I burn.' A^uphtha. Liquor cBthe'reua. A vola-
tile liquor obtained by distillation from a mix-
ture of alcohol and a concentrated acid. See
^ther sulphuricus, and Ether.
jEther Aceticus, see jEther Sulphuricus — ae.
Chloricus, Chloroform, Ether, chloric.
iETHER Hydriod'icu.s, Hydriod'ic or lodhy'-
dric Ether, Iodide of Ethyle. (F.) Ether iodhy-
drique : obtained by mixing alcohol, parts v.;
iodine, parts x. ; and phosjihorua, one part, and
distilling. It is used for iodine inhalation.
jEther Hydrochloricus; .lEther muriaticus.
jEther Hydrocyan'icus, ^'. Prus'sicus, Hy-
drocyan'ic or Entxaic Ether, Jlydmry'annte of
Eth'erine, Cyan'uret of Eth'yle, (F.) Ether Hydro-
cyanique, has been advised in hooping-cough,
and where the hydrocyanic acid is indicated.
Dose, 6 drops.
.^THER LiGNCSU.s, Acetone — ae. Martialis,
Tinctura seu Alcohol sulfurico-aethereus ferri.
.iEther Mijriat'icus,^£'. Ilydrochlo'ricua, Mii-
riat'ic, Chlorohy'dric or Marine Ether, Mn'riate
of Etherine, Chloride of Ethyle. This ether, on
account of its volatility, can only be kept in cool
places. It has the properties of the other ethers,
and when used is generally mixed with an equal
bulk of alcohol. It has been employed as an
anaesthetic.
A Chlorinated Chlorohydric Ether, (F.) Ether
Chlorhydrique chlore, formed by the action of
Chlorine on Chlorohydric Ether, has been intro-
duced into practice as a local anaesthetic.
^THER MuRiATicus ALConoLicus, Spiritus
aotheris muriaticus — a;. Nitricus, see iEther Sul-
phuricus — £6. Nitricus Alcoolisatus, Spiritus
ajtheris nitrici — !b. Pyro-aceticus, Acetone — ae.
Nitrosus, see iEther sulphuricus.
^THER Sulphu'ricus, yEther (Ph. U. S.), ./E.
Vitriol'icns, Naphtha Vitrioli seu Siilphu'rica,
O'leiim vitriole dnlce, Snl'phuric Ether. (F.)
Ether, Ether sulfiirique, vitrioliqne OU hydrati-
que. Ether prepared from sulphuric acid and
alcohol.
Rectified Ether, jEther recti fica'tua, prepared
by distilling 12 oz. from a mixture of anlphuric
ether, f^xiv, funed potass, ,^SS. and distilled
water, f^\j, is a limpid, colourless, very inflam-
mable, volatile liquor; of a penetrating and fra-
grant odour, and hot pungent taste. Its s. g. is
0.732.
jEther Sulphuricus, Sulphuric Ether of the
Pharmacopceia of the United States (1842),
uEther of that of 1851, is formed from alcohol,
Oiv ; anlphuric acid, j ; potaaaa, ^\y, distilled
water, f^iij; distilling and redistilling according
to the process there laid down. The specific gra-
vity of this ether is 0.750.
It is a diffusible stimulant, narcotic and anti-
spasmodic, and is externallj' refrigerant. Dose,
gtt. XXX to f^^iss. When ether is inhaled, it is
found to be a valuable anaesthetic agent: and is
employed with advantage in spasmodic aS'ections,
and in surgical operations. See Anaesthetic.
The Parisian Codex has an jEther ace'ticua,
Naphtha Ace'ti, (F.) Ether acetique : an ^ther
mnria'ticus »e\l hydrochlo'ricus, (F.) Ether chlor-
hydrique; an .lEther ni'tricua seu iiitru'aus, (F.)
iETIIEREA IIERBA
38
AFFUSION
jRther ni'trique ou nitreux ou azoteux ; and an
uElhcr phiiiphora'tim. They all possess similar
virtues. Soo Anaesthetic.
jEther Sulphuricus Acinus, Elixir aeidum
lliilleri — <e. Sulphuricus cum alcohole, Spiritus
Ktheris sulphurici — aj. Sulphuricus cum alcohole
aroinaticus, Spiritus jetheris aromatieus.
JEthkr Terkbinthina'tus, Terebinth' innted
ether, made by mixing gradually two pounds of
alcohol, and half a pound of spirit of turpentine,
with two pound.s of concentrated nitric acid, and
distilling one-half the mixture with a gentle heat.
Employed externally and internally in biliary
calculi, rheumatism, <fcc. Dose 20 to 40 drops,
iu honey or yolk of egg.
yETHEREA HERBA, Eryngi'um maritimum.
iETilE'REAL, uEthe'reus, Ethe'real, Ethe'-
reoHS, (F.) Etheree. An etherenl tincture, (F.j
Teintitre etheree, is one formed by the action of
sulphuric ether, at the ordinary temperature, on
medicinal substances. An ethereal oil is a vola-
tile oil. See Olea Volatilia.
^THERISxMUS, Etherism.
iETlIERISATIO, Etherization.
JETIIERISATUS, Etherized.
iETHE'REO-OLEO'SA (Remedia), homJEthe-
roleiim, 'a volatile oil.' Remedies, whose pro-
perties are dependent upon the volatile oil they
contain.
^TIIEROLEA, Olea volatilia.
iETIIIOP'ICUS LAPIS, Ethiopian stone. A
stone formerly supposed to be possessed of con-
siderable virtue. — Oribasius.
iETHIOPIFICA'TIO, yEihiopopoe'sis, uEthi-
opia'nnis, ^Elhiopio'sis, from yEthiups, and/acere,
' to make.' The mummy-like colouring of the
skin, induced at times by the use of mercurial
ointment; and seen in bodies poisoned by arsenic.
^THIOPIOSIS, ^thioi)ificatio.
iETillOPIS, Salvia sclarea.
uEfHIOPISMUS, iEthiopificatio.
iETHIOPOPOESIS, ^thiopifioatio.
^'THIOPS, from aiSia, 'I burn,' and loxp,
'countenance.' A bhiek or burnt countenance.
The ancients gave this name to certain oxides
and sulphurets of metals, which were of a black
colour.
iErHiOPS Aldus, Albino — as. Alcalisatus, Hy-
drargyrum cum ereta — a3. Animal, see Choroid.
^rniOFS Martia'lis, Mar'tial Elhiops, Ferri
Deutojc'ydum nii/nun. The bhick deutoxide of
iron : once in repute as a tonic. See Oxydum
Ferri nigrum.
^THiops MixERALis, Hydrargyri sulphuretum
nigrum — se. Narcoticus, Hydrargyri sulphuretum
nigrum — fe. per se, Hydragyri oxydum cinereum
— ae. Saccharatus, Hydrargyrum saccharatum —
se. A''egetabilis, see Fucus vesiculosus.
^THOL'ICES, from ai^u, 'I burn.' Fiery
pustules on the skin. Some have considered
them to have been hoils.
^THUSA AMMI, Sison ammi.
^thit'sa Cvna'pium, Fool's Parsley, (F.)Fmix
Persil, Petite Cigne. Family, Umbelliferaj. Sex.
Syst. Pentandria Digynia. A poisonous plant,
which has been mistaken for true parsley, pro-
ducing nausea, vomiting, headache, giddiness,
sopor, and at times, fatal results. It resembles
conium in its action.
yEthii'sa Meum, Meam, M. Athaman'ticum,
seu Anethi/o'liuin, Athamnn/ta Meum, Ligns'ticum
Capllla'ceum seu Meum, Ses'eli Meum, Men, Spig-
nel, Baldmoney. (F.) Ethuse, Meum. The root has
been advised as cartninativc, stomachic, &c.
vETIOL'OGY, jEtiolog"ia, Etiol'ogy, Aitio-
h>g"ia, from aina, 'cause,' and Aoyoj, 'a dis-
course.' The doctrine of the causes of disease.
^TI'TES, or AETITES, from atroi, 'an
ea-'le.' Eagle-stoue, Pierre d'Aigle, Hydrate de
trttoxide de fer. This stone was for.ncrly sup-
posed to facilitate delivery, if bound on the thigh ;
and to prevent abortion, if bound on the arm.
It was also called Lapis Colhjmus.
^TOr, or AETOI PHLEBES, Temporal veins.
^TOLION, Cnidia grana.
AFFADIL, Narcissus pseudo-narcissus.
AFFADISSEMEXr, (V.)iTomfade, 'insipid.'
That condition of the digestive function in which
the appetite is diminished, the sense of taste
blunted, and the action of the stomach enfeebled ;
a state usually accompanied by general languor.
AFFA IB L ISSEMENT, Asthenia.
AFFAIRES. Menses.
AFFAISSEMENT, Collapsus.
AFFECTIO, Atfection — a. Arthritica Cordis,
Cardiagra — a. Hypochondriaca, Hypochondriasis
— a. Hysterica, Hysteria — a. Sarmatica, Plica —
a. Tympanitica, Tympanites.
AFFECTION, Ajf'ee'tio, from afficio or affec-
tare (ad and facere,) 'to move or influence.'
Any mode in which the mind or body is allected
or modified.
AFFECTION TYPHO'tDE, see Typhus —
a. Vaporeu^te. Hypochondriasis.
AFFECTION ES ANIMI, Affections of the
mind.
AFFECTIONS OF THE MIND, Affev'ius seu
Passiii'nes seu Affeetio'nes seu Votiijuastativ'nes
seu Confusio'nes seu Turbatio'ncs seu Perturhn-
tio'nes an'imi, (F.) Affections de I'dme include not
only the different passions, as love, hatred, jea-
lousy, &c., but every condition of the mind that
is accompanied by an agreeable or disagreeable
feeling, as pleasure, fear, sorrow, <fec.
In Pathology, Affection, Pathos, Pathe'mn, is
synonymous with disease: thus we speak of a
pulmonary aff'ection, a calculous affection, <fec.
AFFECTIONS BE L'AME. Affections of
the mind.
AFFECTIVE. That which affects, touches, &c.
Gall gives the term affective faculties, (F.) Favnt-
tes affectives, to functions dependent upon the
organization of the brain, comprising the senti-
ments, affections, &c.
AFFECTUS, Passion — a. Faucium pestilens,
Cynanche maligna — a. Hyderodes, Hydrops— a.
Spasmodico-convulsivus labiorum, Neuralgia fa-
ciei.
AF'FERENT, A/'/erens, Centrip'etal, Esod'ic,
from affe.ro, (orf and /e;-o, 'to carry,') 'I bring.'
Conveying inwards, as from the periphery to the
centre. The vessels which convey the lymph or
chyle to the lymphatic glands, are called afferent,
vasa afferen'tia seu inferen'tia. Also, nerves
that convey impressions towards the nervous
centres — nervi entobanon'tes.
AF'FION, Aff'ium, Offium. Opium. The
Bantamese thus designate an electuary of which
opium is the basis, and which they use as an ex-
citant.
AFFLA'TUS, Adjla'tm, Ep{2moi'a, from nil,
'to,' and fare, 'to blow.' Any air that strikes
the body and produces disease
AF'FLUENCE, Afflux, from affluere, (orfand
fluere, ' to flow,') < to flow to.' A flow or deter-
mination of humours, and particularly of blood,
towards any part.
AFFLUXUS, Fluxion.
rf u- ?' >ff"«>"n— a. Frigida, see Affusion
— a. Orbicularis, Placenta.
AFFU'SION, Affu'sio, Pros'chy^s, Epieh'ysis,
from ad, to,' and fundere, fusnm, ' to pour ' The
action of pouring a liquid on any body ' Affit.
eions, Bhyptolu'sicB, cold and warm, are 'used in
AFIUM
39
AGGLUTIXATIF
different diseases. The cold nffusion, Affu'slo
seu I'er/u'nio frig" Ida, is said to have been bene-
ficial in cutting short typhus fever and scarlatina,
if used during the first days. It consists in pla-
cing the patient in a tub, and pouring cold water
over hitn ; then wiping him dry, and putting him
to bed. The only precaution necessary is, to use
it in the state of greatest heat and exacerbation ;
not when chilliness, or topical inflammation, is
present.
AFIUIVr, Opium.
AFTKR-IilHTH, Secundines.
AFTKR-PAINS, See Pains, labour.
A GA (UiMENT, (F.) from aKa{uv, ' to sharpen.'
The setting on edge.
AGACEMENT J)ES BENTS. A disagree-
able sensation experienced when acids are placed
in contact with the teeth. Tooth-edge. Setting
the teeth on edge.
AGACEMENT DBS NERFS. A slight irri-
tation of the system, and particularly of the
organs of sense and locomotion, corresponding
nearly to the English Fidijets.
AOAII. Intermittent Fever.
AGALACTATIO, Agalactia.
AGALACTIA, Agaku:' ia, Agnlac'tio, Agalac-
tn'tio, Befec'titu lac'tis, OUgnga'lia, Oliyogalac'-
ti(i, from a, privative, and yaXa, 'milk.' Absence
of milk in the mammae.
AGALAXIA, Agalactia.
AGAL'LOCIIUM, from ayaWu,, ' I decorate,'
Cnlamhnc, Calambouk, Lu/'niim Agal'lochi veri
sen A/'(ien seu Aspnl'atJii, Xyloa/oen, Aloes wood.
A resinous and very aromatic wood of the East
Indies, from E.cccBca'ria Agal'locha, Cynome'tra
Agril'lochum, Alo'ex'ylon Agnl'locJnim. Used in
making pastils, &c. — Dioscorides, Oribasius,
Paulus.
AUAMOUS, See Cryptogamous.
A(}'AIIIC, Agar'icum, Agar'icus. A genus of
plants in the Linnajan sj'stem, some of which are
edible, others poisonous. It is supposed to have
been so called from Agaria, a region of Sarmatia.
— Dioscorides. Among the edible varieties of the
Boletus, the following are the chief: — 1. The
Agar'icus edii'lis seu Arven'sis seu Sylval'icua
seu Campes'tris, (F.) Agaric comestible et cham-
pignon de coHche. 2. The Agar'icus odora'tits,
(F.) Jfonsseron. The most common poisonous
varieties are the Agar'icus neca'tor, (F.) Agaric
meurtrier ; and, 2. Iha Agaricus acris, (¥.) Aga-
ric acre ; besides the Auranite, <a sub-genus,
which includes several species. One of the most
delicate is the Agaricus Auranticicus, but care
must be taken not to confound it with the A.
J'seudo-anrnntiacus, which is very poisonous.
The A. aurantiacus is called, in French, Orange.
See Poisons, Table of.
Agakic, see Boletus igniarius — a. Amndouvier,
Boletus laricis — a. Blanc, Boletus laricis — a. de
Chene, Boletus igniarius — a. Female, Boletus ig-
niarius — a. of the Oak, Boletus igniarius — a.
Odorant, Dasdalea suavcolens — a. White, Boletus
laricis.
AGAKICUM, Boletus igniarius.
AGARICUS, Boletus igniarius — a. Albus, Bo-
letus laricis — a. Arvensis, see Agaric — a. Auran-
tiacus, Amanita}, Bolites — a. Auriculasforma,
Pe/.i/.a auricula — a. Campestris, see Agaric — a.
Chirurgoruin, Boletus igniarius — a. Igniarius,
Boletus igniarius — a. Laricis, Boletus laricis —
n. Pseudo-aurantiacus, Amanitas — a. Querctts,
Boletus igniarius — a. Sylvaticus, see Agaric.
AGAiaFIED. See Feverish.
AGASTllO.XER'VIA, (F.) Agastronervic, from
a. privative, y<i<T'-'/Pi 'stomach,' and vevpov, 'nerve.'
Want of nervous action in the stomach.
AGASYLLIS GALBANUM.Bubon galbanum.
AGATIIIS DAMARRA, Pinus damarra.
AGATHOSMA CRENATUM, Diosma cre-
nata.
AGATHOTES CHIRAYITA, Gentiana chi-
rayita. _
AGA'VE AMERICA'NA, A. Ramo'sn, Ameri^
can Agave, American aloe. Maguey, from ayavoi,
'admirable.' Nat. Ord. BromeViacex. iSex. Sy«t.
Hexandria Monogynia. This plant has been
considered diuretic and antisyphilitic' The fa-
vourite drink of the Mexicans— Pii/jiie— is the
fermented juice of this plant.
Agave Ramosa, A. Americana.
Agave Virgin'ica, Rattlesnake's master, False
aloe, — grows in the Southern States. The root
is very bitter. It has been used in tincture as a
carminative in colic; and as a remedy for bites
of serpents.
AGE, 'riXiKia, Heli'hia, ^tas ; — Of uncertain
etymon. Period of life. Time that has elapsed
since birth, <fec. Five ages are often designated
in the life of man : 1. First infancy (lufan'tia;)
2. Second infancy (/'»er/"/)'tt ;) 3. Adolescence
(Adolescen'tia ;) 4. The adult age (Viril'itas ;)
5. Old age, (Old Eng.) Elth, (Senec'tus.)
AGENEIOS, Imberbis.
AGEN'ESIS, from a, privative, and ycvtcis,
' generation,' (F.) Agenesie. Imperfect develop-
ment of any part of the body ; as cerebral age-
nesis, I. e. imperfect development of the brain in
the foetus. See Monster.
AGENNESIA, Impotence, Sterilitas.
AGENNESIS, Impotence.
AGENOSO'MUS, from a, privative, ycvvato,
' I generate,' and orw/ja, ' body.' A malformation
in which the fissure and eventration are chiefly
in the lower part of the abdomen ; the urinary or
sexual apparatus absent, or very rudimentary.
AGENT, Agens, from agere, 'to act.' Any
power which produces, or tends to produce, an
efioct on the human body. Morbific agents, (F.)
Agens morbifiques, are the causes of disease; —
therapeutical agents, (F.) Agens therapeutiqnes,
the means of treating it.
AGER NATURiE, Uterus.
AGERA'SIA, Insenescen'tia, from a, privative,
and ynpaiy ' old age.' A vigorous and green old
age.
AGERATUM, Achillea ageratum — a. Altissi-
mum, Eupatorium ageratoides.
AGE'RATUS LAPIS, XyrjpaTOi. A stone
used by cobblers to polish shoes. It was for-
merly esteemed discutieut and astringent. — Ga-
len, Oribasius, Paulus.
AGES, Palm.
AGEUSIA, Ageustia.
AGEUS'TIA, Agheus'tia, Ageusia, Apogeuh'-
tia, Apogeu'sis, DyscBstke'sia gustato' ria,AucBHthe' -
sia gustato'ria, Parageu'sis, from a, priv., and
yevaii, 'taste.' Diminution or loss of taste,
AncBsthe'sia Ungues. — Sauvages, Cullen.
AGGLOM'ERATE, Agglomera'tus, from ag-
glomerare, {ad and glomerure, 'to wind up j'arn
in a ball,') 'to collect together.' Applied to tu-
mours or glands in aggregation.
AGGLU'TINANT, AggWtinans, CoUet'icus,
Glu'tinans, from gluten, 'glue,' (F.) Agglutinant.
Agglutinatif, Glutinatif, Colletique. Remedies
were formerly so called, which were considered
capable of uniting divided parts. — Paulus.
Plasters are called agglutinants, (F. ) aggluti-
nati/s, which adhere strongly to the skin. Cer-
tain bandages are likewise so termed ; (F.) Ban-
delettes aggluti natives.
TO AGGLUTINATE. The French use the
word agglutiner in the sense of 'to reunite;' ns
agglutiner les levres d'tine plaie, 'to reunite the
lips of a wound.'
AGGLUTINATIF, Agglutinant.
AGGLUTINATIO
40
AGRYrXODES
AGGLUTINATIO, Coition.
AGGLUTINATION, Uolk'sU, Eplcolle'ais,
PruHcoUe'sis, GLutiiia'tio, from aijglutinare, ' to
glue toj^ether.' The first degree of adhesion.
Also, tlie action of agglutinants.
AGGLUTIXER, To agglutinate.
AG'GHEGATE, Aggreija'tns, from afftjregare,
I (id and yregare,) ' to flock together,' 'to assemble
together.' Glands are called ai/r/rtgate which are
in clusters. See Peyeri Glaiidula;. Aggregate
pills, (F.J Pilules agregativca, sigtiified, formerly,
those which were believed to contain the proper-
ties of a considerable number of medicines, and
to be able to supply their place.
AtillEUSTIA, Ageustia.
AGHOUL, Agul.
AGIAIIA'LID or AGIIIA'LID or AGRA-
HA'LID. An Egyptian and Ethiopian shrub,
similar to Xiniciiin. The Ethiopians use it as a
vermifuge. The fruit is purgative.
AGIHALID, Agiahalid.
AGISSAXr, Active.
AGITATION, Agita'tio, Done'sis, from agere,
'to act.' Constant and fatiguing motion of the
body, Tyrbe, Ti/ibd'sia, In'qities, — or distressing
mental inquietude, — An'imi Agita'tio.
AGITATORIUS, Convulsive.
AGLOS'SIA, from a, privative, and yXo/trcru,
'the tongue.' A malformation, which consists
in the want of a tongue.
AGLOSSOS'TOMA, from Aglossia, and arojia,
'mouth.' A mouth without a tongue.
AGLOSSOSTOMOG'RAPHY, Aglossostomo-
(jia'phia, from a, priv., yXwaaa, 'the tongue,'
cTOjxa, 'the mouth,' and ypatpu), 'I describe.'
Description of a mouth without a tongue. — Ro-
land, (of Saumur.)
AGLUTI'TION, Agluti"tio; from a, priv., and
glnliie, ' to swallow.' A hybrid term, designa-
ting impossibility of swallowing. — Linnaeus.
AGMA, Fracture.
AGMATOLOG"IA, from ayi^a, ayfiaro;, frac-
ture, and )ioyos, 'a description.' The doctrine
of fractures. A treatise on fractures.
AG ME, Fractures.
AGMINA DIGITORUM MANUS, Phalanges
of the fingers. — a. Membrana, Amnios.
AGMINATED GLANDS, Peyer's glands.
AGNAIL, HangnaiL
AGNA'TIIIA, from «, priv., and yvados, 'jaw.'
A malformation, which consists in the want of
the jaw, especially of the lower.
AGNINA MEMBRANA, Amnios.
AGNOI'A, Agiiije'a, from a, priv., and ytvu)aKiD,
' I know.' State of a patient who docs not recog-
nise individuals.— Hippocrates, Galen, Focsius.
AGNUS CASTUS, Vitex.
AGO'GE, ayuyv. The order or condition of a
disease.— Hippoc, Galen. Likewise the sUte of
the air.— Hippoc, Galen, Gorraeus, Foesius.
AGOGUE, aywyoi, ' a leader,' from ayu, ' I lead
or expel.' Hence Cholagogxie, an expeller of bile :
Hydragiigiie, &c.
AGOMPHI'ASIS, Agompho'sis, from a, priva-
tive, and yon(poia, 'I nail.' Looseness of the
teeth.— (Jorripus. See Gomphiasis.
AGOMPHOSIS, Agomphiasis,
AGON. Agony.
AGONE, Hyoscyamus.
AGONIA. Steriiitas.
AGONISMA, Agony.
AGONISMUS, Agony.
AGONIS'TICA, from ayuv, < a combat' The
part of ancient gymnastics, which had reference
to the combats of the Athletse.
Also very cold water, given 'internally to calm
febrile heat.— Paulus of ^gina
AGONIZANS. Psychorages."
AGONOS, Sterile.
AG'ONY, Agon'ia, Agon, Agonin'ma, Agonis'.
rtuis, Mochthns, J/ogits, Paijchurag" ia, I'si/chor-
rhag"ia, An<,„r, Throe, Throw, (Sc.) J'atieiit of
death, from 'aywp, 'a combat.' The last struggle
of life.— Galen, Gorricus, Ac. The agony, which
is of longer or shorter duration, is characterized
by great change in the features, gradual abolition
of sensation and motion, loss of voice, dryness or
lividity of the tongue and lips, rattling in the
throat, small and intermittent pulse, and coldness
of the extremities. This state is not present in
those who die suddenly. See Facics llippo-
cratica.
AGOS'TUS, from ayu>, 'I lead.' The fore arm
from the elbow to the fingers. Also, the palm of
the hand. — Gorraeus. See Palm.
AGRA, aYf)a, from ayptw, ' I seize hold of.' A
seizure, as Odontagra, a tooth seizure, toothache;
Chiragra, Podagra, <fec.
AGRAFE DE VALENTIN. A kind of for-
ceps with parallel branches, employed by Valen-
tin in the operation for hare lip, to etFect the
approximation of the edges of the wound.
AGRAHALID, Agiahalid.
AGREGATIVES PILULES. See Aggre-
gate. _
AGREMIE, from cigrie, 'gout,' (Piorry,) and
aqia, ' blood.' The altered condition of the blood
in gout. — Piorry.
AgRIA, Herpes exedens, Lichen agrius.
AGRIAMPELOS, Bryonia alba.
AGRICOCCIMELEA, Prunus Spinosa.
AGR/E, Gout.
AGRIFOLIUM, Ilex aquifolium.
AGRIMONIA, Agrimony — a. Eupatoria,
Agrimony — a. Odorata, Agrimony — a. OfBciua-
lis. Agrimony.
Aghimonia Partiflo'ra, Small-foxr'ered or
Sweet-scented Agrimony ; indigenous; has simi-
lar properties to A. Eupatoria. See Agrimony.
AG'RIMONY, Agrimo'nia, A. Eupato'ria seu
odora'ta seu offieina'lis, Caf'al, Lap'puln hepat'-
ica. Cockle-bur, Stic/cwort. (F.) Aigrcinoine. Ord.
Rosaceae. Sex. Syst. Icosandria Digynia. A
mild astringent and stomachic. Dose, in powder,
from 9j to 3J.
Agiumony, Heaip, Eupatorium cannabinum—
a. Small-flowered, Agrimonia parviflora — a.
Sweet-scented, Agrimonia parviflora.
AGRIOCASTANUM, Bunium bulbocastanum,
Lycoperdon tuber.
AGRIOCINARA, Sempervivum tectorum.
AGRIORIGANUM, Origanum mnjorana.
AGRIOSELINUM, Smyrnum olusatrum.
AGRIOTIIYM'IA, from aypws, 'ferocious,'
and Sv/ios, 'disposition.' Ferocious insanity.—
Sauvages.
AGRIPALMA GALLIS, Leonurus cardiaca.
AGRIP'PA, jEgriji'pa, from a-ger jxtrtiie,
'difiicult birth :' or perhaps from ayfia, 'taking
or seizure,' and novs, 'the foot.' This terra has
been given to tho.^e born by the feet. It is i)re-
tended that the family of Agrippa obtained their
name from this circumstance. Parturition, where
the feet present, is called AgripjJCB j)((rtits, Agrip-
pi'nus partus.
AGRIPPINUS PARTUS, see A-rippa
AGRO DI CEDRO, see Citrus nfedica.
AGROPYRUM L^VISSlMUM, Triticum re-
pens.
in^nf ^f^'^^^L^^ GITHAGO, Lychnis githago.
AGRObllb, Bryonia alba— a, Verticillata,
Andropogon miiricatus.
AGRUNA, Prunus spinosa
AGRYPNIA, Insomniii
AGRYPNOCOMA, Coma vi<rij.
AGRYPNO'DES, from
aypvTzvo^, 'sleepless.*
y^, . • J L , , "Af "'••'">, Sleep e.'s.
Characterized by sleeplessness, as l\bris Aarn„.
nodes, a fever accompanied with slecplessaess.
AGRYPNOTICUS
41
AIRIGNE
AGRYPNOTICUS, Anthypnotic.
A(jiRYP'NUS, aypv-vos. Sleepless, vigilant.
AOIA l)E VEIIUGA, see Verugas.
AGVAllDIENTE, Brandy. See also Spirit.
— «. dv Ititlld, see Spirit.
A'CiUE, from Gothic, agin, 'trembling.' (?) In-
termittent fever; often used in the same sense
as chill or rigor.
Agiii: and Fkvkr, Intermittent fever.
A(MJE, Brow, Neuralgia frontalis.
ActlK Cake, Placen'ta febri'lis seu sple'nt'cn,
Physco'nia Hple'iiicn, Spleiiis Tumor; (F.) Gd-
tcdii febrile. A visceriil obstruction — generally
ill the .s|)leun — which follows agues, and is dis-
tinctly felt by e.xternal examination. To a
greater or less degree, it is not uncommon.
Agub, Dbad, see Fever, masked.
Aguk Drop, Tasteless, Liquor arsenicalis.
Agiji;, Dumb, see Fever, masked — a. Face,
Neuralgia, facial.
Ague, Free, Laurus sassafras.
Ague, Leaping, see Leaping ague — a. Quar-
tan, Quartan — a. Tertian, Tertian fever.
Aguk Tukr, Laurus sassafras.
Aguk, Thiud-day, Tertian.
Ague Wi;ed, Eupatorium perfoliatum.
AGU'IOS, from a, priv., and yviov, 'limb.'
Mutilated or wanting limbs. — Hippocr. Weak,
feeble. — Galen.
AGUL, A(jhnul, Alha'g!, the Hedisa'rum seu
Iledi/iid'rum alhagi. A thorny shrub of Persia
and Mesopotamia, which afifords manna. The
leaves are purgative.
AGYll'lAS, from ayvpts, 'a collection.' Opa-
city of the crystalline. — Aetius, Pare.
AGYR'TA, from ayvpts, 'a crowd.' Formerly,
a stroller who pretended to supernatural powers.
Subse(iuently, a quack or illiterate pretender. —
See Charlatan.
AGYRTIA, Charlatanry.
AIIO'RA, from a, privative, and 'opa, 'youth.'
Tardy development of the organs : the opposite
to IJi//)eiIio')a.
AJIOUAI, Thevetia ahouai.
AIIUSAL, Orpiment.
AllYPNIA, Insomnia.
AIAU/jT, Narcissus pseudo-narcissus.
AIDE (F.), Ad'jutor mill' inter. An assistant
to a surgeon in his operations.
AIDOIOiMANIA, Nymphomania.
AIERSA, Iris Germanica.
AfGE. vEgias.
AIGLE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Near the
city of this name, in Noriuandy, is the chaly-
beate spring of St. Xantin, much used in the
16th and 17th centuries.
AIGLE, ^-ias.
AIGHE, Acidulous — a. Voix. See Acid.
AIGUELET, Acidulous.
AIGRETTE, Kumex acetosa, see T^'pha
latifolin.
AIGREMOINE, Agrimony.
AIGREURS, Acidities.
AIGU, Acute.
AIGUES-CAUDES, MINERAL WATERS
OF, Aigiic.i-chaudea, EaiiJC ehaiidex, AqucB cal'-
idcB. Sulphurous springs, about six miles from
Bonnes, Basses Pyrenees, in France: five in
number, the temperature of which is, respec-
tively, about 70°, 81°. 92°, 9:5°, and 95°.
AIGUILLE, Needle — «. d Acnpiinctnre, see
Needle — a. d Ap/xireil, see Needle — n. d Bee de
Lievre, see Needle — «. « Calaiacte, see Needle
— a. de Desehaiiipn, see Needle — a. Engoinee, see
Needle — a. d Fintide, see Needle — a. d Gaine,
see Needle — a. d Ligature, see Needle — a. d
Maiiche, see Needle — a. d Seton, see Needle — a.
d Suture, see Needle.
AIGUILLON (E), Spina Ilelmon'tii. A
term used since the time of Van Ilehnont to
designate the proximate cause of inflammation.
According to him, ah inflamed part is in the
same condition as if an aiyuillvn or thorn were
thrust into it.
AIGUISER, To acidulate.
AIL, Allium.
AILE, Ala, Aileron.
AILERON (F.), Extrc'ma Ala seu Piu'mdn,
diminutive of (F.) Aile, a wing. The extremity
of the wing of a bird, to which the great feathers
are attached.
AILERONS DE LA MATRICE. Three
folds at the base of the broad ligaments of the ute-
rus, which are occupied by the ovary and its liga-
ment, the Fallopian tube, and the round ligament.
AILING, Sick, Sickly.
AILMENT, Disease.
AIMA, 'aifia, see H%ma.
AIM ANT, Magnet.
AIMATERA, Hepatirrhoea.
AIMORRIKEA, IlKmorrhagia.
AIMORRllOIS, Hicmorrhois.
AINE, Inguen.
AlPATHIA, Continent disease.
AIPI, Jatropha manihot.
AIPIMA COXERA. .Jatropha manihot.
AlPIPOCA, Jatropha manihot.
AIR, A'er, Pneiinia, from aw, 'I breathe.'
Common Air, Atmonpheric air, (F.) Air atmoaphe-
rique, is an invisible, transparent, inodorous, in-
sipid, ponderable, compressible, and elastic fluid,
which, under the form of the atmosphere, sur-
roun<ls the earth to the height of 15 or 10 leagues.
Air is essentially composed of two gases, oxy-
gen and nitrogen, in the proportion of 20 of the
former to 80 of the latter. Oxygen is the vital
portion, but the nitrogen is necessary to dilute it.
Air also contains a small portion of carbonic acid
gas, and has always floating in it aqueous va-
pour, different terrestrial emanations, etc. Its
effects upon the human body vary according to
its greater or less density, temperature, moisture,
etc.; hence, change of air is found extremely
serviceable in the prevention and cure of certain
morbid conditions. See Climate, and Respiration.
AIR ACIDE VITRIOLIQUE, Sulphurous
acid — a. Alcalin, Ammonia — a. Atinospheriqiie,
Air.
AiK Bladder, Sicim-hlndder, Su'imming-hlod-
der, The Swim, (F.) Vesnie nntatoire. An ab-
dominal organ in many fishes, sometimes eom-
munic-ating by means of a duet, Dnetua pmeit-
mat'ieun, with the alimentary canal, at others,
not, which is considered by some to belong to
the respiratory system. Its contents are the ele-
ments of atmosi)heric air, but in different propor-
tions; and its chief and general futiction appears
to be to regulate the specific gravity of the fish.
Air Cells of the Lu.ngs. Bronchial cells; see
Cellule — a. Chamber, P'olliculus a3ris.
Air, Dephlogisticated, Oxygen — a. Empy-
real, Oxvgen.
AIR JJU FEU, Oxygen.
Air, Factitious, Carbonic acid — a. Fixed,
Carbonic acid — a. Gate, Azote — a. Hepntique,
Hydrogen sulphuretted — a. Inflammable, Ily(lro-
gen. Hydrogen carburetted — a. Mephitic, Car-
bonic acid.
Air Passages, (F.) Voies aerieiinen, V. aeri-
fereH. The larynx, trachea, bronchia, etc.
AIR PUANT, Hydrogen, sulphuretted.
Aiu, Pure, Oxygen — a. Solid, of Hales, Car-
bonic acid — a. Vieie, Azote — a. Vital, Oxygen.
AIRAIN, Bell-metal, Brass.
AIRE. Areola.
AIRELLE ANGULEUSE, Vacoinium niyr-
tillus — «. Poneluee, Vaccinium vitis idaea.
AIRIGNE, Hook.
AIRTHRET
42
ALBUGINEOUS
AIRTHREY, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Airthrey is situate about two miles north of
Stirling, Scotland. The waters are saline ca-
thartics; containing chloride of sodium, chloride
of calcium, sulphate of zinc, and chloride of mag-
nesium.
A/SELLE, Axilla.
AISTllESIS, ^sthesis.
AITIIOMO'MA, from at%s, 'black.' A black
condition of all the humours of the eye. A. Pare.
AITIA. Cause.
AITIOLOGY, ^liologia.
AITION, Cause.
AIX-LA-CHAPELLE, MINERAL WATERS
OF. Called by the Germans, Aachen. A ther-
mal, sulphureous mineral water, which contains,
in ]000 grammes, 28.54 cubic inches of sulpho-
hydric acid gas, 18.05 cubic inches of carbonic
acid gas, 0.1304 grammes of carbonate of lime,
0.0440 grammes of carbonate of magnesia, 0.5444
grammes of carbonate of soda, 2.1)697 grammes
of chloride of sodium, 0.2637 of sulphate of soda,
and 0.0705 of silica. The temperature is 134°
Fahrenheit.
The factitious water of Aix-la-ChnpeUe, A' qua
Aqniagranen'slt, (F.) Ean d'Aix-la-Chapel/e, is
made by adding jxo-e water f^xvijss, to hydro-
sulphuretted water f.^iv., carbonate of soda gr.
XX, chloride of sodium gr. ix. — Ph. P.
There are thermal sulphureous springs at Aix
in Savoy (98°), and some thermal springs at Aix
in Provence (91°).
AIZOON, Sempervivura tectorum.
A'JUGA, A. pi/ra?)iida'li8, Consol'ida me'dia,
liii'gula, D. pi/r<tmida'lis, Teu'crium pyrnmida'le,
Vpriyht Buijluss, Middle Coiisound, (F.) Bu(/le
pi/ramidale. This plant is subastringent and
bitter.
Ajuga Chamjepitys, Teucrium chamaspitys.
A.IUGA Reptans, Bn'gula, B. reptans, Common
Bni/le, (F.) Ihiyle rampnnte, has similar properties.
AKATALIS, Juniperus communis.
AKATERA, Juniperus communis.
AKERATODIAPHANIE, see Caligo.
AKINESIA, Acinesia.
AKNEMIA, Acnemia.
AKOLOGY, Materia Medica.
AKRATOPEG^, Acratopegae.
AKSIS, Intermittent Fever.
ALA, Pinna, Pteryx, 'a. wing,' (F.) Aile. A
term often used by anatomists for parts which
project like a wing from the median line; as the
Ala nasi, Aim of the uterus, etc. See Axilla, and
Pavilion of the Ear. Also, Pterygium.
Ala Extrema, see Aileron.
ALABAMA, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Tallahatta springs contain sulphur, and salts of
iron, lime, and magnesia. But the most noted
are those of Bladen. See Bladen, Mineral Wa-
ters of. Bailey's spring is an acidulo-sulphu-
reous chalybeate. It is fourteen miles from Tus-
cumbia.
ALABASTER, Alahas'trum, (F.) Albdtre,
Alahastri'tes. A variety of compact gypsum ;
of which an ointment was once made- — the «n-
f/ueii'tum alabastri' num ; used as a discutient.
Alabaster likewise entered into several denti-
frices.
ALABASTRITES, Alabaster.
AL^E INTERNEE MINORES CLITORIDIS,
Nymphffi— a. Magnae, see Sphenoid bone — a. Ma-
jores. Labia pudendi — a. Minores, Nymphfe, see
Sphenoid bone — a. Muliebres minores, Nyraphse
— a. Nasi, see Nasus — a. Pudendi Muliebris, La-
bia pudendi — a. Pulmonum, see Puhno — a. of
the Uterus, see Ala — a. Vespertilionis, see Uterus
ALAISE, Alhe.
ALAITER. from (F.) lait, 'milk.' To suckle.
ALALIA, Mutitas.
ALA.Vnia Alembic.
ALANFU'TA. A name given by the Arnbiana
to a vein, situate between the chin and lower lip,
which they were in the habit of opening in cases
of f(etor of the breath.— Avicennn.
ALAQUE'CA. The Ilindoostanee name of a
stone, found in small, polished fragments, which
is considered efficacious in arresting liaMnorrhage
when applied externally. It is a suljihurct of iron.
ALARES MUSCULI, Pterygoid muscles.
Ala'kks Ven^. The superficial veins at the
fold of the arm.
ALARIA OSSA. The wing-like processes of
the sphenoid bone.
ALA'RIS, Ala'tus, Aliform'is; from ala, 'a
wing.' Wing-shaped, winged.
ALATERNUS, COMMON, Rhamnus alater-
nus — a. Latifolius, Rhamnus alaternus.
ALA'TUS, J'terygo'des, Homo ala'tus. One
whose scapuhc project backwards like wings.
ALBA'DARAN, Atdabaran. The sesamoid
bone of the metatarso-phalangal joint of the
great toe. The Rabbis and Magicians attributed
extraordinary virtues to it. — Arabians.
ALBAGIAZI, Sacrum.
ALBAMENTUM, Albumen ovi.
ALBAN, SAINT, MINERAL AVATERS OF.
A French acidulous chalybeate, in the department
of the Loire.
ALBARAS ALBA, Lepra alphoides — a. Nigra,
Lepra nigricans.
ALBARyES, Lepra alphoides.
ALBAROS, Lepra alphoides.
ALBATRE, Alabaster.
ALBEDO UNGUIUM, see Nail,
ALBIN D'CEUF, Albumen ovi.
ALBINISM, see Albino.
ALBINISMUS, see Albino.
ALBI'NO, 'White.' Lencce'thiops, uFjhinps
alius, Bondo, from alhus, 'white,' (F.) Blafaid,
Negre-blanc. A Spanish word applied to indivi-
duals of the human race who have the skin and
hair white (Avhromodermie and Achromotricho-
mie. — Piorry); the iris very pale, bordering on
red; and the eyes so sensible that they cannot
bear the light of day. This condition, which has
been called Leuccethio'pia, Alpha' sis ^Ethiop'icn,
Albino'is'mus, Albinis'mus, Al.'binism, Kakerla-
kism, Leucopathi'a, Leuco'sis, is seen more fre-
quently in the Negro. Both sexes are exposed
to it. It does not seem to be true that there are
tribes of Albinos in the interior of Africa.
ALBINOISMUS, see Albino.
ALBOR OVI, Albumen ovi.
AL'BORA. A kind of itch or complicated
leprosy. — Paracelsus.
ALBOT, Crucible.
ALBOTIM, Terebinthina.
ALBUGIN^, Albuginea, Albugineous.
ALBUGIN'EA, A. Testis, Tu'nica alhngiu'ea,
Perites'tis, Dura mater testis, JUmbra'na cajtsulii'-
ris testis. (F.) Allwgine, Tunique albugiine. A
Strong, fibrous, and resisting membrane, which
immediately envelopes the testicle, and has, at
its upper part, an enlargement, called corpus
Highmorianum. From its inner surface it sends
off a number of flat, filiform prolongations or
septa, between which are contained the semi-
niferous vessels. Externally, it is covered by the
tunica vaginalis testis.
ALBUGIN'EOUS, yi;6w,7,-„'e»», 'white,' from
albus, (F.) Albugini. A term applied to textures,
humours, .fee., which are perfectly white
AlBUGIN'eous Fibue, (F.) Fibre albnginfie. A
name given by Chaussier to what he con.siders
one of the four elementary fibres.
The albugineous fibre is linear, eylindricnl
tenacious, elastic, but little extensible, and of -i
Bbinuig, satiny appearance. It forms fasciae or
ALBUGINITIS
43
ALCIIEMILLA
fapciouli, which constitute the tendons, articular
li.L'aiiients, and aponeuroses; hence the name
Alhiiiinirtiita mtmidrrtnes, given by Chaussier to
the fibrous mouibrancs.
Giiuthier considered, that the rete mucosum
consists of four layers, to two of which he gives
the names memhra'na nlbiirjiu'ea pro/iin'da and
memhrn'nn n/hnr/hi'ea miperfii'Hi'lin, respectively.
ALBIKUNI'TIS, (F.) 'Alh,uj!nite. A terra
employed by some authors for inflammation of
the albugineous tissue. Thus, gout and rheu-
matism are regarded as species of the genus
albiitrinitis.
AL15UG0 OCULORUM, Leucoma — a. Ovi,
Albumen ovi.
A LB U LA, Leucoma.
ALBUM CANIS, Album grEccum — a. Ceti,
Cetncoum.
Album Gr^cum, Album Cam's, Cynoc'oprus,
Spo'diiun Graco'rum, Stet-cus Cani'inim Album.
The white dung of the dog. It consists almost
wholly of phosphate and carbonate of lime, from
the bones used as food. It was formerly applied
as a discutient gargle in quinsies, and as an anti-
epileptic; but is now justly banished from
practice.
Album Nigrum. The excrement of the mouse.
Album Oculi, see Sclerotic.
Album Riiazis. A white ointment made of
cerusse and lard, prescribed by the Arabian phy-
sician Rhazes.
ALBU'MEN, Leuco'mrt, Ooni'ne, Ozemnn, from
alhiis, 'white.' (F.) Albniiiine. An immediate
principle of animals and vegetables, which con-
stitutes the chief part of the white of egg. It is
found in the scrum, chyle, synovia, serous fluids,
Ac. There is not much difl"erence in chemical
composition between animal and vegetable albu-
men, fibrin and casein. Also, the white of the
eye. See Sclerotic.
Albu'hen Ovi, Ovalbn'men, Albn'men, Albn'-
mor, Albii'ijo seu Albor seu Can'didum Ovi,
Clare' ta, Ovi alb im liquor, Albumen' turn, Lac avis,
white of egg, (F.) Blnnc d'a-uf, (Old F.) Albin
d'opuf, is used in pharmacy for suspending oils,
Ac, in water. See Ovum.
Albumen, Salivary, see Saliva. -•
ALBU}[[NE, Albumen — a. Cerebrale, Neu-
rinc — a. dn Ccrreau, Neurine.
ALBU'MINOID, AlbtnninoV d€s,iTom albumen,
and cirto?, ' resemblance.' Resembling albumen, as
fibrin, casein, <fec. It is often applied to aliments
in the same sense as proteinous.
ALBU'MINOSE. The soluble principle of
fibrin, identical with the dominant principle of
the white of egg. — Bouchardat. According to
others, the ultimate product of the transformation,
in the stomach, of albuminoid matters, which
renders them fit for assimilation and nutrition.
Albuminose is not coagulable by heat, and incom-
pletely so by acids ; an excess of acid dissolving
the precipitate. Robin and Verdeil regard it as
synonymous with the casein of the small intestine
ofTiedeinann and (imcWn, i\iC gelatiniform matter
of the intestine of Provost and Morin, and the
casein of the blood of Dumas. See Peptone.
ALBUMINO'SIS. A condition of the blood,
in which the ratio of albumen is increased, as in
abdominal typhus, variola, rubeola, Ac. Moser
and Strahl.
ALBUMINU'RIA. A hybrid term from 'albu-
men,' and ovpov, 'the urine.' A condition of the
urine in which it contains albumen, the presence
of which is indicated by its coagulation on the
application of adequate heat. See Kidney,
Briu'ht's disease of the.
ALBUMIXU'RIC, Albuminu'ricua, (F.) Albu-
miniiriqur. Relating or appertaining to albumi-
nuria. One labouring under Albuminuria.
ALBmriNURORRHEE, Kidney, Bright's
disease of the.
ALBU.MOR, Albumen ova.
AL'CAEST, Al'cahest, Al'chaest, perhaps from
(G.) all, 'all,' and geist, 'spirit.' A word in-
vented by Paracelsus to designate a liquor, which,
according to him, was capable of removing every
kind of swelling.
The same word was used by Van Helmont for
a fancied universal solvent, capable of reducing
every body to its elements.
Alcaest op Glauber is a thick liquor ob-
tained by detonating nitrate of potassa on hot
coals, which transforms it into subcarbonate of
potassa.
Alcaest op Respouk is a mixture of potassa
and oxyd of zinc.
ALCAHEST, Alcaest.
ALCAHOL, Alcohol.
ALCALES'CENCE. Alhahs'cence, Alcahscen'.
tia. The condition in which a fluid becomes
alkaline.
Alcalescence of the Humours was an old
notion of the humourists. It can only occur
during the putrid fermentation of animal mat-
ters, which contain azote, and produce ammonia.
Alcalin'ity is the quality of being alcaline.
AL'CALI or Ako'li, Al'kull, from al [Arab.,)
'the,' and kali, the name of the Saho'la Soda,
a plant which contains a large quantity of one
of the principal alkalis — soda. The alkalis are
substances soluble in water, possessing generally
a urinous, acrid, and caustic taste, turning the
syrup of violets green, and restoring to blue in-
fusion of litmus, which has been reddened by
acids; reddening the yellow of turmeric, and
having the greatest tendency to unite with acids,
whose character they modify, and form salts with
them. In medicine we understand by this term
Potassa, Soda, or Ammonia.
Alcali, Caustic, Al'kali Caus'ticum. A pure
alkali. One deprived of its carbonic acid.
Alcalis, Fixed, Soda and potassa; Volatile
Alcali, Ammonia.
Alcali Ammoniacum Acetatum, Liquor ara-
moniae acetatis — a. Ammoniacum fluidurn. Liquor
ammoniae — a. Fixum tartarizatum. Potassae tar-
tras — a. Minerale sulphuricum, Soda, sulphate
of — a. Tartar! aceto saturatum, Potassae acetas — ■
a. Vegetabile salito dephlogisticatum, Potassae
murias hyperoxygenatus — a. Vegetabile tartari-
zatum, Potassae tartras — a. Vegetabile vitriola-
tum, Potassae sulphas — a. Volatile acetatum, Li-
quor ammonia} acetatis — a. Volatile aeratum,
Ammoniae carbonas — a. Volatile ex sale ammo-
niaco, Ammoniae carbonas.
ALCALIGENE, Azote.
ALCALINITY. See Alkalescence.
AL'CALOID ; from alcali and £1^05, 'form.'
A name given to the organic alcalis to.distinguish
them from the mineral, from which they differ as
regards composition and general properties ; —
having nothing in common but their basic pro-
perties. Brucia, Smetia, Morphia, Strychnia,
itc, are alcaloids.
ALCANA. Anchusa ofiicinalis.
ALCANNA MA.TOR LATIFOLIA DENTA-
TA, Prinos — a. Orientalis. Lawsonia inermis — a.
Spuria, Anchusa tinctoria — a. Vera, Lawsonia
inermis.
ALCEA. Hibiscus abelmoschus — a. j^gyptiaca,
Hibiscus abelmoschus — a. Indica, Hibiscus abel-
moschus.
Al'cea Ro'sea. Common holli/hock, Hoc, Hocks.
Emollient, like Althaea.
ALCHACHENGE, Phvsalis.
ALCIIACMTL, Rosmarinus.
ALCHAEST. Alcahcst.
ALCHEMIL'LA, said to have been celebrated
ALCHEMY
44
•with the Alchemists [?], supposed by some to be
of Arabic derivation. A. vuhju'ris. Common
Ladiea' Mantle, Pea Lcn'nis, Leinitopo'dium, (F.)
Pied de Liun. Formerly iu great repute as an
astringent in hemorrhage.
ALCHEMY, Alcbymv.
ALCHITllAM, see Pinus Sylvestris.
ALCHITURA, see Pinus Sylvestris.
ALCOIIOOL, Alcohol.
ALCIIORXEA LATIFOLIA, see Alcornoque.
AL'CIIYMY, Al'chetny, Akhemi'a, Alchimi'a,
Adep'la Phihjsoph'ia, from al, an Arabic par-
ticle, signifying, 'superiority, excellence,' and
Chimia, ' Chyniistrv.' This word was formerly
synonymous with Ciiymi.stry ; but, from the 7th
century, it has been applied to the mysterious art
of endeavouring to discover a universal remedy,
and a mode of transmuting the baser metals into
gold : an operation to which they gave the name
Opus miKjuum, and Philosopher's stone.
Alchyiny has also been called Scien'tia vel
PhiloHoph'ia Hermet'ica, from an idea that Her-
mes or Mercury was its inventor.
Harris has well defined this chimerical art:
'Ars sine arte, cujua jirincipiunx est mentiri, me-
dium laborare, et finis mendicare.'
Al'chymist, (Old Eng.) Alh/mistre, Flatua'-
riiis, Adept'. One pretending to alchymy.
ALCOCALUM, Cynara scolymus.
AL'COHOL, Al'cnhol, Alchool, Alhol, Alcol,
Al'cool, Al'kool. An Arabic word, formerly used
fur an impalpable powder, and signifying ' very
subtile, much divided.' At the present day it is
applied to highly rectified spirit of wine: — see
^piritns rectificatus or rectified spirit, distilled
from dried subcarbonate of potassa. In the Ph.
U. S., Alcohol is rectified spirit of the specific
gravity 0.835.^ The Dublin college has a spiritus
yord'or, used in the preparation of certain essences,
whose specific gravity is .818. Alcohol, absolute
alcohol, of the Edinburgh and Dublin Pharma-
copoeias, is of specific gravity .797.
Alcohol is an inflammable liquor, lighter than
water, of a warm, acrid taste, colourless, trans-
parent, and of a pungent, aromatic smell. It is
the product of the distillation of vinous liquors ;
is miscible with water in all proportions, and is
the direct solvent of resins, balsams, &c. Various
other vegetable principles are soluble in it, and
hence it is used, in different states of concentra-
tion, in the preparation of elixirs, tinctures, es-
sences, &c.
Alcohol acts on the animal body as a powerful
stimulus : as such, in a dilute form, it is used in
the prevention and cure of disease. Its habitual
and inordinate use is the cause of many serious
affections, of a chronic character especially, as
visceral obstructions, dropsy, &o.
Alcohol, absolutk, see Alcohol — a. ^the-
reus Ferratus, A. Sulfurico-aethereus ferri — a.
cum Aloe perfoliata, Tinetura aloes — a. Am-
inoniae et guaiaci, Tinetura guaiaci ammoniata
— a. Ammoniatum, Spiritus ammonia; — a. Am-
Tioniatum aromaticura, Spiritus ammonia; aro-
inaticus — a. Ammoniatum foetidum, Spiritus
nminoniai fnetidus — a. Aniylicum, Oil, fusel —
a. cum Aromatibus sulphuricatus, Sulphurieum
acidum aromaticum- — a. cum Aromatibus compo-
situs, Tinetura cinnamomi composita — a. Casto-
riatum, Tinetura castorei — a. cum Crotone casca-
rilla, Tinetura cascarilloe — a. Dilutum, Spiritus
tenuior — a. Ferratus, Tinetura ferri muriatis —
a. cum Sulphate ferri tartarisatus, see Ferrum
tiirtarisatum — a. cum Guaiaco officinale ammo-
niatus, Tinetura guaiaci ammoniata — a. lodii,
Tinetura lodinse — a. cum Opio, Tinetura opii
— a. Methylic, Spiritus Pyroxylicus — a. Pyroxylic
Spiritus Pyroxylicus — a. Sulphuricatum, Elixir
acidum Halleri — a. Sulphurieum, Elixir acidum
ALEIMMA
Halleri— a. Sulphuris, Carbonis sulphuretum— a,
Vini, Spiritus rectificatus — a. Wood, bpintus
pyroxylicus. c • /
ALCOHOL'IC, Alcohol' icna, Spirituo sus,Aptr -
ituous. (F.) Alcooliqne. Kelating to or contain-
ing alcohol— as an alcoholic drink or remedy.
ALCOHOLISM'US, Al'coholism, (F.), Alco.
olisme. The series of morbid phenomena pro-
duced by the use of alcoholic liquors.
ALCOL, Alcohol.
ALCOLyE, Aphthae.
ALCOL AT, Alcoolat.
ALCOOL, Alcohol— a. Camphri, Spiritus cam-
phorae. — a. de Son/re, Carbonis sulphuretum.
ALCOOLAT, Spirit. It now generally signi-
fies alcohol, charged, by distillation, with the vola-
tile principles of certain substances, or a distilled
spirit, — Alcolat {Codex med. of Paris).
ALCOOLATUM, Tincture — a. Antiseorbuti-
cum, Tinetura de Cochleariis — a. Carminativum
Sylvii, Tinetura de Cochleariis — a. de Croco com-
positum, Tinetura de Croco composita.
ALCOOLATURE, Teintnre avec les plantea
fraiches. A name given by M. Bcral to certain
preparations introduced by iiim, which consist of
alcohol, charged, by maceration, with the soluble
principles of fresh plants. See Tincture.
ALCOOLE. A name given, in the new French
pharmaceutical nomenclature, to medicines re-
sulting from the solvent action of alcohol on
different substances, or from its admixture with
liquids which unite with it in all proportions.
See Tincture.
ALCOOLE SUCRE, Ratafia.
ALCOOLIQUE, Alcoholic.
ALCOOLISER (P.) Formerly, ' to reduce into
an impalpable powder.' No longer used.
ALCbOLISME, Alcoholismus.
ALCOOLOMETER, Areometer.
ALCOOMBTER, Areometer.
ALCORNOQUE {¥.), Cortex Alcornoco. The
bark of Alchor'nea latifu'lia, of Jamaica, which
has been considered capable of curing phthisis.
It is bitter, tonic, and slightly astringent. Dose
of the powder ^i to ^ss.
AL'CYON, Hal'cyon. A swallow of Cochin
China, whose nest is gelatinous and very nutri-
tious. It has been proposed in medicine as ana-
leptic and aphrodisiac.
ALCYO'NIUM, Bastard sponge. The ashes
were formerly employed as dentrifiees : tliey were
believed proper for favoring the growth of the
hair and beard, and were used in Alopecia.
ALDABARAN, Albadaran.
ALDEHYDE, see Anassthetic.
ALDER, AMERICAN, Alnus serratula — a.
Black, Prinos, Rhamnus frangula — a. European.
Alnus glutinosa — a. White, Clethra alnifolia.
ALE, Cerevisia.
Ale, White. A drink, used in Devonshire,
England, amongst the ingredients of which are
milk, spice, and spirit.
ALEACAS, Glycyrrhiza.
ALEBERRY. A beverage, formerly made by
boiling ale with spice and sngar, and sops of
bread. It was given to invalids. — Palsgrave.
ALECOST, Tanaeetum balsamita.
ALECTO'RIUS LAPIS, Alecto'ria ; from
a^cKTtap, ' a cock.' The name of a stone, supposed
to exist in the stomach of the cock, or, according
to others, in that of the capon, four years old.
Many marvellous properties were formerly attri-
buted to it, which are as groundless as its exist-
ence. There are no stones in the stomach, except
what have been swallowed.
ALEGAR, Acetum.
ALEHOOF, Glechoma hederacea.
ALEIMMA, Liniment.
ALEIPHA
4 5
ALIMENT
ALEIPnA, Liniment.
ALEIPTK'llIUM, from aXn^w, 'I anoint.'
The place in the ancient gymnasium where the
coinbahints anointed themselves.
ALEIP'TKOX. Same etymon. A box for
containing ointments.
ALE MA. Farina.
ALEM'IjIC (Ar'tb.), Mnorshead, Cnpitel'lttm,
Capil'ii/ 11)11, Am'blcuH, (F.) Alnmhic. A utensil
made of glass, metal, or earthen ware, adapted
for distillation. A atiU. It consists of a body
or cucurbit, (F.) CHCnrbite, chandiere, to which is
attached a head or capital, (F.) chapiteau, and
out of this a benk descends laterally to be inserted
into the receiver, worm, condenser, or refrigera-
tor, (F.) serpeutin, refrigerant, as the case may
be.
ALEM'BROTH ,{Salt.) Sal Alembroth. The
alchyniists designated by this name, and by
those of Stxl aapien'tioB, Sal rirtia, Sal vitcB and
.S'. Scienti(P., the product resulting from the sub-
limation of a mixture of corrosive sublimate and
sal ammoniac. It is stimulant, but not employed.
ALESE (F.), Aleze, Alaise, Lin'teum, from
a>.c(u), ' I preserve.' A guard. A cloth arranged
in several folds, and placed upon a bed, so as to
(juard it from the lochial or other discharges.
ALETON. Farina.
ALKTRIS, A. farinosa.
Al'iotkis (Ph. U. S.), A. Farxno'aa seu alba,
Stargrass, Starwort, Blazing star. Aloe-root,
liitter-grnss, Black root. Unicorn root, Ague root.
Ague f/rass, Colic root. Devil's bit, Me(dy slanoort,
(F.) Aletris. Nat. Ord. Asphodeleae. Sex. Si/st.
llexandria Monogynia. This plant is an intense
and permanent bitter, and is used as a tonic and
stomachic. It is common in the United States.
Aletius alba, Aletris — a. Aurea; indigenous
— has similar virtues.
ALEUROX. Farina.
ALKUROTESrS, see Cribration.
ALEXANDERS, Smyrnium olusatrum.
ALEXANDRI ANTIDOTES AUREA. See
Alexiindrinfc.
ALEXAN'DRINE, Emplas'trum Alexan'dri.
A garlic plaster, invented by Alexander, contem-
porary of Mesne. Other ancient preparations
were called ' Alexandrine ;' as the Alexan'dri
antid'otus au'rea, used in apoplexy ; the Collyr'-
ium siccittn Alexandri'num, or 'Collyrium of King
Alexander,' mentioned by Aetius.
ALEXICACUM, Amuletum, Alexipharmic.
ALEXIPHAR'MIC, Alexiphar'mocus, Anti-
phar'maens, Alexica'cus, Caco-alexite' ria, Lexi-
phar'macus, (F.) Alexiphartnaque, from a\c^civ,
' to repel,' and (pap/iaKov, ' poison.' A term for-
merly used for medicines which were considered
proper for expelling from the body various mor-
bific principles, or for preventing the bad effects
of poisons taken inwardly.
ALEXIPYRETICUS, Febrifuge.
ALEXIR, Elixir.
ALEXITE'RIA, Cacalexite'ria, from aXtlaa^at,
' to assist.' Originally, alexilerium was used
synonymously with remedy. In more modern
times it has been applied to a class of medicines,
that counteract poisons placed in contact with
the exterior of the body, in contradistinction to
alexipharmic.
ALEXITERIUM CIILORICUM, see Disin-
fection — a. Nitricum, see Disinfection.
ALEZE, Aleae.
ALFUSA, Tutia.
ALGA MARINA, Pila marina.
ALGAL IC, Catheter.
ALtJALIE, Catheter.
AL'GAROTII, Al'garot, Algaro'thi Pulvis,
Puhie Awjel'icus, Ox'idum seu Submu'rias Slib'ii
prcecipitan'do para'tum, Antimo'nii Ox'ydum,
Ox'idum antimo'nii Nitro-inuriat'icum, O.c'idum
Slib'ii Ac"ido Muriat'ico oxygena'to para tun,
Mercu'rius Vita, Mercu'rins Mortis, Flowers of
Antimony, (F.) Oryde d'Anlimoine, so called from
Victor Algarothi, a Veronese physician ; sepa-
rated from the terchloride of antimony by pouring
the terchloride into a large quantity of water.
When this, an oxychloride, is washed with abun-
dance of water to separate the muriatic acid, and
afterwards by a solution of alkali to remove tbe
terchloride, the teroxide of antimony, Antimo-
nii Oxidum of the Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia is
left. It was formerly much used as an emetic,
purgative, and diaphoretic.
ALGE'DO, from a\yo{, 'pain.' Violent pain
about the neck of the bladder, occasionally oc-
curring in gonorrhoea. — Cockburn.
Algedon, Pain.
ALGBMA,Pain.
ALGESIS, Pain.
ALGETICUS, SeeAlgos.
AL'GIDUS, from a/gor, ' co\di.' (¥.) Algide.
That which is accompanied by coldness.
Al'gida Febkis, Febris horrif'ica seu hor'-
rida seu (juer'quera seu crymo'des, Bry'cetus,
Bry'chetus. (F.) Fievre algide, Algid Fecer. A
pernicious intermittent, accompanied by icy cold-
ness, which is often fatal in the second or third
paroxysm.
ALGOR, Rigor.
ALGOS, aAyot, 'pain.' See Pain. Hence,
Alget'icus, 'painful,' as Epilep'sia ahjet'ica. The
suflix algia has the same signification — as in
Cephalalgia, I'leurali/ia, Neuralgia, &c.
ALGOSPAS'MUS', from aAyoj, 'pain,' and
(j-Kaajioi, ' spasm.' Painful spasm or cramp of tho
muscles.
ALGUE COMMUNE, Pilamarina— a. 3Tarine,
Pila marina — a. des Verriers, Pila marina.
ALHAGI, Agul.
ALHANDAL, see Cucumis colocynthis.
ALHASEF, Sudamina.
ALHAUNE, Lawsonia inermis.
ALIBILIS, Nutritious.
AL'ICA, Hal'ica, Farina'rium, Chondrug, from
alcre, 'to nourish.' A grain from which the an-
cients made their tisanes; supposed, by some, to
have been the Triticum sjyelta. At times, it
seems to have meant the tisane itself.
AL'ICES, from aXifw, 'I sprinkle.' Spots
which precede the eruption of small pox.
ALIENATIO. Anomalia— a. Mentis, Insanity.
ALIENATION, MENTAL, Insanity.
ALIENATES, Insane.
ALIENE, Insane.
ALIENISTE, see Psychiatria.
ALIENDS, Delirious.
ALIFORMES MUSCULL Pterygoid muscles.
ALIFORMIS, Alaris, Pterygoid.
ALIGULUS, Confection.
ALIMA, Aliment.
ALIMELL^, Parotid.
AL'IMENT, Alimen'tum, Al'ima, Bnrma'lia,
Nutri' men, A'u'triens, SuKtentac'ulum, Ciba'rium,
Broma, Comis'te, Oibus, Esca, N^utri'tu^, Nutri-
men'tum, Sitos, Trophe. (Prov.) Belly-timber.
(F.) Aliment, Nnurriture, from alere, 'to nourish.'
Food. Any substance which, if introduced into
the system, is capable of nourishing it and repair-
ing its losses.
The study of aliments forms one of the most
important branches of hygiene. They are con-
iined to the organized kingdom, — the mineral
aflFording none.
As regards the immediate principles which
ALIMENTAL
46
ALLENTIIESIS
predominate in their composition, they have
been classed, but imperfectly, as follows : —
1. Feculaceous,
TABLE OF ALIMENTS.
Wheat, barley, oats, rye, rice, In-
potato, sago, peas,
Mucilaginous.
Saccharine.
i Wheat, barley
< iiinn coru,
( beans, <te.
I Carrot, salsify, bt
< pus, cabbage,
( melon, Ac.
Carrot, salsify, beet, turnip, a.«para-
lettuce, artichoke,
4. Acidulous.
5.
Suprar. fig, date, raisin, apricot. &c.
Orange, currant, gooseberry, cher-
ry, peach, strawberry, raspberry,
mulberry, prune, pear, apple,
sorrel, &c.
r>u„„,\,^„. ,j( Cocoa, olive, sweet almond, nut,
Vieaqinnus ana} „ , . ■ ■ *■ . -i u *»
j^^ilfy < walnut, animal fat, oil, butter,
( &c.
Different kinds of milk, cheese.
Tendon, aponeurosis, true skin,
cellular texture; very young
animal.s.
Brain, nerve, eggs, &c.
9. Fibrinous. Flesh and blood.
Gelatinous.
Albuminous.
Fibrinous.
Dr. Prout has four great classes — the aqueous,
saccharine, oleaginous, and albuminous: — Dr.
Pereira, twelve — the aqueous, mucilaginous or
gummy, saccharine, amylaceous, ligneous, pecti-
tiaceous, acidulous, alcoholic, oily or fatty, pro-
teinaceous, gelatinous, and saline.
Liebig divides them into two classes: — the
NITROGK.VIZED Or PLASTIC ELEMENTS OF NUTRI-
Tio.N, in which he comprises vegetable fibrin,
vegetable albumen, vegetable casein, flesh and
blood ; and the non-nitrogbnized elements of
RESPIRATIO.V, in which he comprises/af, starch,
yum, cane sugar, grape sugar, sugar of milk, pec-
tin, bnssorin, wine, beer and spirits. The former
alone, in his view, are inservient to the nutrition
of organized tissue : the latter are burnt in respi-
ration, and furnish heat.
The following; simple arrangement is, perhaps,
as little objectionable as any : —
1. NUrngp.nized AH
(^Albuminous
'ments, S
, of Prout.) J I
Fibrinous (Glutinous?)
Albuminous.
Caseinous.
I Amylaceous.
2. Nbn-nilrogenized Aliments, < Saccharine.
( Oleaginous.
The second division might be still farther sim-
plified, inasmuch as amylaceous aliments are
convertible into sugar during the digestive pro-
cess; and, from both, oleaginous matter may be
formed.
ALIMENTAL, Nutrimental.
ALIiMENTARY, Nutrimental— a. Tube, Canal,
alimentarv.
ALIMENTATION, Alimenta' tio. The act of
nourishing.
ALIMENTEUX, Nutrimental.
ALIMENTUM, Aliment, Pabulum.
ALIMOS, Giycyrrhiza.
ALINDE'SIS, from a\ivioyiai, 'to be turned
about.' A species of exercise, which consisted
in rolling in the dust, after having been anointed
with oil. — Hippocrates.
ALIPJE'NOS, AUpcB'num, Alipan'tos, from a,
priv., and \inavuv, ' to be fat.' An epithet for-
merly given to every external remedy, devoid of
fat or moisture : such as powders. — Galen.
ALIPANTOS, Aliptenos.
ALIP'TA, Alip'tes, from oAti^o). 'I anoint.'
He who anointed the Atbletae after bathing.
The place where this was done was called Alip-
te'rium.
ALIPTERIUM, see Alipta.
ALIP'TICA, same etymon. The part of an-
cient medicine, which treated of inunction as a
means of preserving health.
ALfSfER BLANC, Cratsegus aria.
ALISMA, A. plantago. Arnica montana — a.
Graminifolia, A. plantago — a. Lanccolata, A.
plantago.
Alis'ma Planta'go, Aiisma, A. la nceola'ta seu.
gruminifii'lia, Planta'go aquat'ica, Water Plan-
tain, (F.) Plantain d'Eau. Ord. Alismacea;.
Sex. Syst. Hexandria Polygynia. The fresh root
is acrid, and the dried leaves will vesicate. The
I leaves have been proposed as substitutes for Uva
t Ursi.
ALITURA, Nutrition.
AL'KALE, O'leum G<dU'ncB. An ancient phar-
maceutical name for pullets' fat.
ALKALE.SCENCE, Alcalescenee.
ALKALI, see Alcali — a. Ainmoniacum caus-
ticum. Ammonia — a. Amnioniacum spirituosum,
Spiritus ammoniaj — a. Minerale nitratuni. Soda,
nitrate of — a. Minerale phosphoratum, Soda,
phosphate of — a. Minerale salinuui, Soda, mu-
riate of — a. Vegetable, Potash — a. Vegetabile cum
aceto, PotassiB acetas — a. Vegetabile fixum caus-
ticum, Potassa fusa — a. Volatile, Ammonia — a.
Volatile causticum, Ammonia — a. Volatile, con-
crete, Aminoniae carbonas — a.. Volatile, mild, Am-
moniiB carbonas — a. Volatile nitratum, Ammoniis
nitras — a. Volatile tartarizatum, Ammonias tartras
— a. Volatile vitriolatum, AmmoniaB sulphas.
ALKANET, BASTARD, Lithospermum offici-
nale — a. Dyer's, Anchusa tinctoria — a. Garden,
Anchusa officinalis — a. Officinal, Anchusa offici-
nalis.
ALK.AR, Medicament.
ALKEKEN(JI, Physalis.
ALKER'MES, Oonfec'tio Alher'mes, Alcher'-
mes. A celebrated electuary, composed of a mul-
titude of substances. It was so called from tlie
grains of kermes contained in it. It was used
as a stimulant. Also, kermes.
ALKERVA, see Ricinus communis.
ALKITRAN, Cedria.
ALKOL, Alcohol.
ALKOOL. Alcohol.
ALKYMISTRE, Alchymist.
ALLA, Cerevisia.
ALLA ITEM E NT, Lactation.
ALLAMAN'DA, A. Cathar'tica seu qrandi-
flo'ra, Ore'lia grandiflo'ra, Gal'arips, Echi'nus
scaudens, Apoc"ynnm scandens. A shrub, natis'e
of Guiana, the infusion of whose leaves is said by
Linnffius to be useful in Colica Pictonum
ALLANTODES, Allantois.
ALLAN'TOIC ACID, Ac"idum allonto'icum.
A peculiar acid, found in the liquor of the allan-
tois of the cow.
ALLANTOIDES, Allantois.
ALLAN'TOIS, AllantoVdes, Allanto'dca, Mem-
bra'na urina'ria, M. seu Tunica Farcimina'lis,
M. Intestina'lis, the Allantold Vesicle, from aXXa;,
aXXavTos, 'a sausage,' and £(^of, 'shape.' A sort of
elongated bladder,between the chorion and amnion
of the foetus, which is thrown out from the caudal
extremity of the embryo, and communicates with
the bladder by the urachus. It is very apparent
in quadrupeds, but not in the human .species. As
the allantois is developed, its walls become very
vascular, and contain the ramifications of what
become the umbilical artery and vein, which, by
the elongation of the allantois, are brought
through the villi of the chorion, into in.iirect
communication with the vessels of the mother.
ALLANTOTOX'ICIJM fr(,m,.\» w
sausage, and ro^,<cov 'a poison.' Sausage poison
(G.) Wurstg.ft. The Germans have given this
name to a poison developed in sausages formed
of blood and liver.
ALLECTUARY, Electnarium.
ALLELUIA. Oxalis acetosclla.
ALLEN'TIIESIS, from aXXo,, 'another,' and
cvdccci, 'introduction.' The entrance in(o or
ALLEVIATOR
47
ALLUS POLLEX
presence of extraneous bodies in, the orcanism. —
WiiUher.
ALLE'VIATOR, from nd,'to,' and levare, 'to
raise;' 'a soother.' An instrument for raising in-
valids, invented hy Mr. Jenks, of Rhode Island.
It con.-isis of two upright i)osts, about six feet
(ligh, each supported by a pedestal; of two hori-
zontal bars at the top, rather longer than a cora-
n)on bedstead ; of a windlass of the same length,
placed six inches below the upper bar; of a cog-
wheel and handle; of linen belts from six to
twelve inches wide; of straps secured at one end
of the windlass; and at the other having hooks
attached to correspondingeyes in the linen belts,
and of a head-piece made of netting. The pa-
tient lying on his mattress, the surgeon passes
the linen belts beneath his body, attaching them
to the hooks on the ends of the straps, and ad-
justing the whole at the proper distance and
length, so as to balance the body exactly, and
then raises it from the mattress by turning the
handle of the windlass. To lower the patient
again, and replace him on the mattress, the wind-
lass must be reversed.
ALLGOOD, Chenopodium bonus Ilenricus.
ALLILEAL, Heracleum spondylium.
ALLIA'CEOUS, AUia'ceiw, {P.") A/liace, from
allium, 'garlic' Belonging to garlic, as alliace-
oua odour.
ALL [AIRE, Alliaria.
ALLIA'RIA, frotn niZfVm, its smell resembling
garlic. A. ojjichin'lis, Ery»'{iimm alliii'ria sou
ciirdifi)' iinni, Sinyiii'l>rtuiii al/lu'ria, Jnck-in-the
hedije, Stinking hcdije Ifnstard, Hedge Garlic,
iSniice-rtlniie, Ilea'peris allia'ria, (F.) Alliaire.
Ord. Cruciferifi. This plant has been sometimes
given in humid asthma and dj'spnoea. It is
reputed to be diaphoretic, diuretic, and antiscor-
butic.
The Parisian Codex has a compound syrup of
alliaria, Sirop d'eri/niiiniiii compose, which is used
in hoarseness.
ALLKJATURA, Fascia, Ligature.
ALLIOTICUS, Alterative.
AL'LIUM, (Ph. U. S.) from oleo, 'I smell.'
A. sati'vum, Theridca rustico'rnm, Ampelvp' ra-
snni, Scor'odoii, Scordon, Garlic, (P.) Ail. Ord.
Liliacea;. Se.r. Sijst. Hexandria Monogynia. A
native of Sicily, but cultivated for use. The
hidbn or cloves, Ag'lithes, have a strong, ofl'ensive,
and penetrating odour, and a sweetish, biting,
and caustic taste. lutemnlhj, garlic is stimulant,
diuretic, expectorant, emmenagogue (?), diapho-
retic, and anthelmintic. Ejcternally, it is rube-
facient, maturative, and repellent; and a garlic
ointinent is made by digesting, at a moderate
heat, for half an hour, two or three cloves of
fresh garlic in an ounce of lard, and straining.
It is applied as a rubefacient to the chest in
croup.
Dose, one to six cloves, swallowed whole, or
from f J^ss to f ^^ij of the juice.
Taijlor's Jicmcdi/ for Deafness, a nostrum, ap-
pears to consist of garlic, infused in oil of al-
monds, and coloured by alkanet root.
AtLii'M Ascalon'iciim, Echnlotte.
Allium CANArKN'sR, Meadow garlic; indige-
nous ; has the same properties as allium.
Allium Ckpa, Ccpn Vnlga'ris, Common Onion,
('tpul'la, Crom'nii/on, (F.) Oignnn. Acrid and
ttiini.lating, and possessing very little nutriment.
Onions have been used as stimulants, diuretics,
and anthelmintics. The boiled or roasted onion,
as a cataplasm, is emollient and maturating.
The fresh root is rubefacient. The expressed
juice is sometimes used in otalgia and in rhcu-
inntisin.
Allium Galliccm, Portulaca — a. Plantagi-
neum, A. Victoriale.
Allium Porrum, Porrum, P. sati'vum, Prn.
stun, the Leek or J'orret ; (F.) Poirean, Porreau.
It possesses the same property as the onion.
The virtues of the genus Allium depend upon
an acrid principle, soluble in water, alcohol, acids,
and alkalies.
Allii'm Redolens, Teucrium scordium
Allium Victoria'le, A. plantagin'eum, C'pa
victoria'lis, Victoria'lis longa. The root, Vfhicii,
when dried, loses its alliaceous smell and laste,
is said to be efiicacious in allaying the abdominal
spasms of pregnant women (?)
ALLOCIIET'IA, Allot riochet'ia, from alU^,
'another,' and x'C'^'"' ' t" go to stool.' The dl^-
charge of extraneous matters from the bowels.
The discharge of fa?ces by an abnormous opening.
ALLOCHOOS, Delirious.
ALLOCHROMA'SIA, from aAXoj, 'another,'
and ■xpi'^jxa, ' colour.' A change of colour.
ALLCEOPATHIA, Allopathy.
ALL(F,OPATHIC, Allopathic.
ALLffiOSlS, Alteration.
ALLtEOTICUS, Alterative.
ALLOIOSIS, Alteration.
ALLOIOTiCUS, Alterative.
ALLONGEMENT, E\ongAtion.
ALLOPATH, AUopathist.
ALLOPATHES, Allopathic.
ALLOPATH'IC, Allopath'icns, AUcpopath'ic,
Allaeopath'iciis, Allop'athes, Heteropath' ic, from
aWoi, 'another,' and ttuOos, 'afi'ection.' Relating
to the ordinary method of medical practice, in
contradistinction to the homoeopathic. See Allo-
pathy.
ALLOPATHIE, Allopathy.
ALLOP'ATHIST, Al'lopath, same etymon.
One who follows allopathy.
ALLOP'ATH Y, Allopathi'a,Allceopat7ii'a, H;/-
penantio'sis, Hypenantio'ma, Cnrn'tio contrario' -
rmnp€rcontra'ria,[F.) Allopathie ; same etymon.
The opposite to homoeopathy; or, according to
Hahnemann, a method of treatment in which
remedial agents are employed, the action of
which, on healthy man, produces morbid phe-
nomena diflt'erent from those that are observed
in the sick person. The ordinary medical prac-
tice is so designated by the homoeopathist.
ALLOPHASIS, Delirium.
ALLOTRIOCHETIA, Allochetia.
ALLOTRIODON'TIA, from aWoTpioi, 'fo-
reign,' and oSovs, 'a tooth.' Transplantation of
teeth.
ALLOTRIOEC'CRISIS, from aXAorpoj, 'fo-
reign,' and cKKpiais,' 'separation.' The separa-
tion of extraneous matters from the body in dis-
ease.
ALLOTRIOGEUSTIA, Parageustia.
ALL0TRI0PHA(3IA, Malacia.
ALLOTRIOTEX'IS, from aXXorpioi, 'foreign,'
and Tc^ii, 'parturition.' The bringing forth of
an abnormous foetus.
ALLOTRIU'RIA, from aXXorpioi, 'foreign,'
and ox'pov, 'urine.' Admixture of foreign mat-
ters with the urine.
AL'LOTROPISM; (Y.) Allotropie, from aXAot,
'another,' and Tporog, ' a turn or change. A term
recently introduced into chemistry, the object of
which is to express the property, possessed by
certain simjile bodies, of assuming different quali-
ties on being subjected to certain modes of treat-
ment. Carbon, for example, furnishes three
forms — plumbago, charcoal, and diamond.
ALL-OVERISH, see Indisposition.
ALLSPICE, see Myrtus pimenta — a. Bush,
Laurus Benzoin — a. Carolina, Calycanthus — a.
Wild. Laurus Benzoin.
ALLUCINATIO, Hallucination.
ALLURE, Influenza.
ALLUS POLLE-X, Pollex, see Digitus.
ALMA
48
ALTERATIVE
ALMA. Water.
ALM AU[Ai},.';eePluinbioxy<luin scmivitreum.
AliMb'ZERION, Cneoruui trieoccuiu.
AL.MONl). AiiiygJ'ilii-
Almon-u Bloom. A liquid cosmetic, formed
of liruzil ditat ^^j, water Oiij ; boil and .'train ;
and add inhitj/dus ^vj, grnun sylrestrui ,^ij, or
cochineal ^ij, alum ^j, borox 3''j j boil again,
and strain througli a line cloth.
Almond Caki:, see Amygdala — a. of the Ear,
Tonsil — a. Earth, Arachis hypoga;a — a. Paste,
see Amygdala — a. Powder, see Amygdala — a. of
the Throat, Tonsil.
ALNUS, A. glutinosa — a. Communis, A. gluti-
nosa.
ALNUS GLUTINO'SA, Alnns, A commu'nin,
Bet'ubi yiutino'sa seu emnrgina'ta, Europe'an Al-
der, (Sc.) Aril, Eller, Ord. Betulacea3. A tree
■which grows in Europe, in moist places. The
bark and leaves are astringent and bitter; and
hence are employed in intermitteats, and as a
tonic and astringent.
Alnus Skiiuat'ula, ^mertcad J^We?-, has simi-
lar properties.
Aln'us NiGit.v, Rhamnus frangula.
ALOCIII'A, from a, privative, and Xo'^ftia, 'lo-
chia.' Absence of the lochial discharge.
ALOKDA'RIUM. A compound medicine, con-
taining aloes. — GorriBus.
ALOE, Aloes — a. False, Agave Virginica.
ALOi; ROOT, Aletris farinosa.
AL'OES, Al'oe, Fel Natu'ra. The inspissated
juice of the Aloe. Ord. Asphodeleae. Sex. Syst.
Hexandria Monogynia.
Aloks Rarbadhnsis, a. hepatica — a. Bombay,
A. hepatica — a. des Barbades, A. hepatica.
Aloes Caballi'na, A. Giiinieii'sls, Horne-aloes.
Used chiefly for horses. It is collected in Spain
and Portugal, and is very coarse.
ALOES EN CALEBASSES, A. hepatica.
ALOb;s, Cape, Shining Aloes ; a cheap and ex-
cellent form of aloes, collected at the Cape of
Good Hope, from Aloe ferox, A. A/rtcana, A.
spicata, and other species.
Aloes, East India, A. Succotorina — a. Guini-
ensis, A. Caballina.
Aloes Hepat'ica, A. vnlga'ris, A. Barhaden'-
ain, Hepnt'ic aloes, Bombay aloes, Barba'does
aloes, A. vnlga'ris exfrac'tnm, (F.) Aloes en eale-
basses, A. des Barbades. This species has a very
disagreeable odour, and an intensely bitter and
nauseous taste. Properties the same as the last.
Aloes, Horse, A. Caballina — a. Lucida, A.
Succotorina — a. Soeotrine, A. Succotorina — a.
Spicata extractum, A. Succotorina.
Aloes Succotori'na, Soc'otrine aloes, Turkey
aloes. East India aloes. Aloes In'cida, A. ZoctorV-
nia, A. spica'tcB extrac'tnm, An'iina Aloes, is the
best species. Its odour is not unpleasant ; taste
very bitter, and slightly aromatic ; colour red-
dish-brown, with a shade of purple; mass hard,
friable ; fracture conchoidal and glossy ; soluble
in dilute alcohol. Powder of a bright cinnamon-
yellow colour. It is cathartic, warm, and stimu-
lating; emmenagogue, anthelmintic, and stoma-
chic. As a cathartic, it aflects the rectum chiefly.
Dose, as a cathartic, gr. v to ^j in pill.
Aloes, Turkey, A. Succotorina — a. Vulgaris,
A. hepatica — a. AVood, Agallochum — a. Zocto-
rinia, A. Succotorina-
ALOET'IC, Aloet'icus. A preparation which
contains aloes.
ALOEXYLOX, Agallochum.
ALOGOTROPiriA, from aXoyof, 'dispropor-
tionate,' and Tpo'pri, 'nutrition.' Irregular nutri-
tion. Used particularly to designate the irreo-u-
lar manner in which the nutrition of bones" is
effected in rickety individuals.
ALOPECES, Psoic.
ALOPECIA, from oXa>Trr,^, 'a fox;' (Ibis ani-
mal being said to be subject to the anc('tioii.)
Capillo'ium de/lu'vinm, Alhrix depi'lis, J'halac-
ro'tis, Depila'iio, Tricho'sis Athrix, aaiigra'na
Alope'cia, Atrich'ia, Bejhi'vinm seu Lapxns scu
Fliixus Pilo'riim, Lipsotrich'ia, Vnlpis morbus,
Pela'da, Baldness, (F.) Pelade. Falling ofl' of
the hair ; loss of the hair. When this is confined
to the crown of the head, it is called calvilies, a\-
though the terms are often used synonymously.
When congenital, it is called Atrich'ia scu Alope'-
cia adiia'ta. The falling off of the hair in old
age is termed Alope'cia seni'lia.
Alopecia Adnata, see Alopecia — a. Areata,
Porrigo decalvaus — a. Circumscripta, Porrigo
decalvans — a. Partialis, Porrigo decalvans — a.
Senilis, see Alopecia.
ALOUCHE, Crataegus aria.
ALOUCH'I. The name of a gum procured
from the canella alba tree.
ALOUCHIER, Crataegus aria.
ALPAM. A shrub which grows on the coast
of Malabar. Certain parts of this, infused in oil,
form an antipsoric ointment. The juice of the
leaves, mixed with that of calamus, is employed
against the bites of serpents.
ALPIIENIC, Saccharum candidum.
ALPHITEDON, see Fracture.
ALPII'ITON. a\<piTov, Polen'ta, Fari'na. Any
kind of meal. Toasted barley-meal. — Hippocra-
tes. Polenta means, also, a food composed of In-
dian meal, cheese, <fcc. See Farina.
ALPIION'SIN, Alphon'sinum. A kind of bul-
let forceps, similar to a Porte-crnyoii, so-called
from the inventor, Alphonso Ferri, of Naples. —
Scultetus.
ALPHOS, Lepra alphoides.
ALPHOSIS .^THIOPICA, see Albino.
ALPINIA CARDAMOiMUM, Amomum car-
damomum — a. Exaltata, Renealmia exaltata —
a. Tubulata, Renealmia exaltata — a. Galanga,
Maranta galanga.
ALPISTE. Phalaris Canadiensis.
ALSANDERS, Smyrnium olusatrnm.
ALSI'NE 'b,'i.WT>lA, A. avicula' rvm s^en viilga'-
ris, from oAo-oy, ' a grove,' because growing abun-
dantly in the woods. [ ? ] Jlorsus Galli'ncB, Holos'.
teum Alsi'ne, Stella'ria me'dia, 3Iouse-ear, Chid:-
weed, Chickenwort, (F.) 3Iouron des Oiseaux, Mor-
geline. Ord. Caryophyllacea. This plant, if boiled
tender, may be eaten like spinach, and forms an
excellent emollient poultice. It was formerly
regarded as a vulnerary and detergent.
ALTAFOR, Camphor.
ALTER SEXUS, Sex, female.
ALTERANS, Alterative.
ALTERANT, Alterative; see, also. Alteration.
ALTER A'TlO'S,Altera'tio, from alter, 'other,'
Alloio'sis, Allaeo'sis. This word is used in France
to express any change which supervenes; for ex-
ample, in the expression of the countenance {al-
teration de la face,) or in the structure of an
organ {alteration organique,) or in the nature of
fluids excreted {alteration de Vurine, des larmes,
du lait, (Vc.)
Alteration is also used in an entirely different
sense, to express intense thirst in disease. In
this case Us etymology is different. It comes
from haleter, and was formerly written haleter-
ation.
AL'TERATIVE. Al'terans, Alloioficus, Alice-
otieus Alliot'icus, Immu'tans. An agent con-
sidered to be capable of producing a salutarv
change ,n a disease, but without excitin- any
sensible evacuation. As medicine improves, this
uncertain class of remedies becomes, of necessity,
diminished in number. See Eutrophie
(F.) Alterant. The French term' likewise
ALTERCANGEXON
49
ALVEUS
means, that which causes thir.H, — Slticulo'snii, j
Dipset'icHH, as altirer means both to change, and
to cause thirst. S'alterer is to experience a
chan;,'e for tiio worse, — (corrum'pi.)
ALTERCANUENON, Hyoscyamus.
ALTERCUM, Hyoscyamus.
ALTERED, see Castratus.
ALTIl^'A, from aXOuv, ' to heal ;' A. nfficinn'-
li», Mti/iHtvin'cnm, ArisUiUhcB'a, Hibis'cuH, Hi-
bis'cum, Ibis'chus, Ibis'cha minmal'va, liismnl'va,
Marsh mallow. (Prov.) Malice. (F.) Gni-
niative. Orel. Malvaceae. Sex. Sytt. Monadelphia
Polyandria. Tho leaves, AUIkb'or fo'Uu, and
root, Alth(B'(B radix, contain much mucilage.
They are emollient and demulcent, and are cm-
ployed wherever medicines, possessing such pro-
perties, are re(iuired. In the Ph. U. S., Althaea
is the root of Althaea ofRcinalis,
ALTHANAIIIA, Orpiment.
ALT HE US, Physician.
ALTIIAXIS, Curation.
ALTIiOS, Medicament.
ALTIIilBAT, Torebinthina.
ALU'DEL, Alu'tel, Vitriim suhlimato'rium. A
hollow sphere of stone, glass, or earthen ware,
with a short neck projecting at each end, by
means of which one glass might be set upon the
other. The uppermost had no aperture at the
top. Aludels were formerly used in the sublima-
tion of various substances.
A'LULA, diminutive oi ala, 'a, wing.' A little
wing.
ALUM, Symphytum — a. Cataplasm, Coagulum
aluminosuni — a. Egyptian, vEiryptia stypteria.
Alum, Roche, Alu'men de Ituchi, (F.) Alnn de
Roche. So called from Roccha in Syria, where
there was a manufactory of it. It is in pieces of
the size of an almond, covered with a reddish
efiBorescence.
Conniion Roclie Alum, A. Roehi Gallis. Frag-
ments of common alum moistened and shaken
with prepared bole. It is white when broken.
Alum Root, Geranium maculatuui, lleuchera
cortusa.
Alum, Solution op, Compound, Liquor alumi-
nis coinpositus.
Alum Springs op Virginia, see Virginia, mine-
ral waters of.
ALU'MEN, (an Arabic terra, alum,) Alum,
HypeystiU phas alu'miucB et Patau' hcb, Potas'sw
alu'miiio-sulphaR, Sul'jjiiaa Alumiucp, Acid'ulns
cum Patau' ad, Sulphas Alu'miiicE, Sul'phas KaV-
ico-alumin'icum. Sulphas uluinina'ris, Supersid'-
phas alu'mince et potas'so!, Arf/il'la sulphn'rica
alcalisa'ta, A. vitriola'ta, Sti/pte'r>a, Sulpersul'-
phas Argil'lcB alcalisa'tum, Argilla Kalisxdphu-
rica. (F.) Aluii.
Alumej^ Catinum, Potash of commerce — a.
Fixum, see Potash — a. Kinosatum, Pulvis sul-
phatis aluminte compositus.
Alu'men Commu'ne, Common alum, English
alum, Rock alum, Alumen facti"tittm, A. crystaV-
linum, A. ru'pcum, (F.) Alun d' An<jleterre, is the
rariety usually employed. It is in octahedral
crystals, but generally in large, white, somitrans-
parent masses ; has a sweetish, styptic taste :
effloresces in tho air, and is soluble in 16 parts of
water at 60°. It is tonic and astringent, and as
such is used internally and externally. Dose, gr.
V to XV.
Alu'men Exsicca'tum, Alu'men ustum seu
eicca'tum seu calcina'fiim. Sulphas alu'ynince/usus,
Arqil'la sulphn'rica usia. Burnt alum, dried alum.
(F.) Alun calcine, (Alum melted in an earthen
vessel until ebullition ceases.) Eseharotic.
Alu'men Roma'num, Roman alum, A. Ru'ti-
lum seu Rubrum. (F.) Alun de Rome. In crys-
tals which are of a pale red when broken, and
covered with a reddish efflorescence.
Alfmen Siccatum, Alumen exsiecatura.
ALUMIXA, ACETATE OF, Aluminas Acetas
— a. Depurata, Argilla pura — a. Pura, Ar"illa
pura — a. Sulphate of, Aluminae Sulphas.
A\j\i''^\.mMACE"Y:AQ,Argil'l(BAce'tas,Ac"e.
fate of Aln'mina. A delinquescent salt, obtained
by the addition of acetate of lead to sulphate of
alumina and potassa. It possesses the same pro-
perties as the sulphate of alumina.
Alu'min-e et Potass^ Hvpersdlphas, Alu-
men — a. et Potassse supersulphas, Alumen — a.
Sulphas, Alumen.
Alu'mince Sulphas, ArgillcB Sulphas, Sulphate
of Aln'mina. Simple sulphate of alumina mav
be made by the direct combination of alumina
and sulphuric acid, and contains 30 per cent of
the former, to 70 per cent, of the latter. It is
a deliquescent salt; and is an excellent antisep-
tic and detergent to ulcers. It is chiefly used to
preserve dead bodies — a strong solution being
injected into the arteries.
GannaVs Solution for preserving animal sub-
stances is made by dissolving an ounce of acetate
of alumina in twenty ounces oi water.
Alumina Sulphas Acidulus cum Potassa,
Alumen — a. Sulphas fusus, Alumen exsiccatum.
ALUMINE FACTICE, Argilla pura.
ALUMINII OXIDUM, Argilla pura.
ALUN, Alumen.
ALUNSEL, Gutta.
ALUS, Symphytum.
ALUSIA, Hallucination — a. Hypochondriasis,
Hypochondriasis.
ALUTE^i, Aludel.
ALVAQUILLA, Psoralea glandulosa.
ALVARAS NIGRA, Ichthyosis.
ALVEARIUM, Auditory canal, external.
ALVE'OLAR, Alveola'ris, from alveus, 'a ca-
vity.' (F.) Alviolaire. That which relates to
the alveoli.
Alveolar Abscess, Parulis.
Alve'olar Arches, (F.) Arcades alrSolaires,
are formed by the margins or borders, Jn//a alveo-
la'ria, of the two jaws, which are hollowed by the
Alveoli.
Alve'olar Artery, Supra-maxillary A., Ar-
tere sus-maxillaire of Chaussier. arises from the
internal maxillary, descends beliind the tuberos-
ity of the upper jaw, and gives branches to the
upper molar teeth, gums, periosteum, membrane
of the maxillary sinus, and buccinator muscle.
Alveolar Border, Limbus alveola'ris. The
part of the jaws that is hollowed by the alveoli.
Alve'olar Membranes are very fine mem-
branes, situate between the teeth and alveoli, and
formed by a portion of the sac or follicle which
enclosed the tooth before it pierced the gum. By
some this membrane has been called the alveolo-
dental periosteum.
Alve'olar Vein. This has a similar distri-
bution with the artery.
JiF^Oi^', Alveolus.
ALVEOLI DENTIS, see Alveolus.
ALVEOLO- DENTAL PERIOSTEUM, see
Alveolar membranes.
ALVEOLO-LABIAL, Buccinator.
ALVE'OLUS, same etymon. Bo'trion, Bo'-
thrion, Odontoboth'rinm, Odoutnphiit'ne. Frenn
{Alve'oli), Mortariolum, Ilol'micos, PrcBxepiolum,
Phatne, Phat'nion, Prmsc'pium, Patne, Pathne.
(F.) Alveole. The alveoli are the sockets of the
teeth, Alve'oli dentis, Ma'nia seu Caver'nae den'-
tium, into which they are, as it were, driven.
"Their size and shape are determined liy the teeth
which they receive, and they are pierced at the
apex by small holes, which give passage to the
dental vessels and nerves.
ALVEUS, Auge — a. Ampullosus, Eeceptacu-
lum chyli — a. AmpuUescens, Thoracic dttct — a.
ALVI EXCRETIO
50
AMBLYOPIA
Communis: see Semicircular canals — a. Utricu-
losus : see Somieircuhir canals.
ALVI EXCRETIO, Defecation — a. Fluxus
aquosu.s, Diarrhoea — a. Laxitas, Diarrhcea — a.
Profluvium, Diarrhoea.
ALVIDUCUS. Laxative.
ALVINE, Ah'i'nus, from alvus, 'the abdomen.'
That which relates to the lower belly, as nlcine
dcjectlonn, nlrlne ftnx, alcine obstructionn, <fcc.
ALVUM EVACUANS, Cathartic.
ALVUS, Abdomen, Uterus — a. Adstricta seu
Astricta, Constipation — a. Cita, Diarrhoea — a.
Dura, Constipatio — a. Renum, Pelvis of the
kidney — ^a. Tarda, Constipation — a. Viridis, De-
jection.
ALYCE, Anxiety.
A LYMPH 'I A, from a, priv., and hjmpha,
'lymph.' Want of lymph.
AL'YPON, from a, priv., and \vrtti, 'pain.' An
acrid, purging plant, described by Matthiolus.
By some it has been supposed to be the Globula'-
ria iili/piiiii of botanists.
ALYSIS, Anxiety.
ALYSMUS, Anxiety.
ALYSSUM PLINII, Galium mollugo.
ALYSSUS, Antihydrophobic.
ALYX'IA STELLA'TA, A. aromat'ica, (F.)
Ahjxie aronuitiqiie. A plant, of the family
Apocynaceae, the bark of which resembles canella
alba, and is used in Batavia in pernicious fevers.
AL'ZILAT. In some of the Arabian writers,
a weight of three grains. — Ruland and Johnson.
AMABILE, Lacuna Labii Superioris.
AMADOU, Boletus igniarius.
AMADOUVIER, Boletus igniarius.
AMA/G/i/R, Emaciate.
A JIA I a R [SSEMEN T, E ra a elation .
AMAND (SAINT), MINERAL WATERS
OF, Saint- Amand-les-Eaux. These springs, in
the department Nord, France, are thermal (77°
Fahr.), carbonated chalybeates ; and are much
used internally, or in the form of bones, in
chronic aifections of the digestive organs and
liver, and in rheumatism.
AJf ANDES', see Amygdala.
AMANI'TiE, from a, privative, and fiavia,
'maduess:' i.e. 'not poisonous.' (?) A name
given, by the Greeks and Romans, to the edible
cliaiiipiyiiuns. ^»(«H?7a forms, at the present day,
a genus, some of which are edible, others poison-
ous. Amongst others, it contains the Agaricus
auratitiacua and A. psetido-dii rant iacus.
AMARA DULCIS, Solanura dulcamara.
AMARACI'NUM. An ancient and esteemed
plaster, containing several aromatics, the marjo-
ram, a^dpuKo;, in |)articular.
AMARACUS, Origanum majorana — a. Tomen-
tosus. Origanum dictamnus.
AMARITIES, Bitterness.
AMARITUDO, Bitterness.
AMAROR, Bitterness.
AMARUCACHU, Polyanthes tuberoaa.
AMA'RUS, FicroK, 'bitter.' (F.) Anier. The
bitter principle of vegetal)les is the great natural
tonic, and hence hitters, as they are termed col-
tectively, belong to the class of tonics. Several
are used in medicine ; the chief are, gentian,
quassia, cinchona, calumba, dog-wood, &c.
AMASE'SIS, AiiinKKe'sin, from a, privative, and
fiaanaii, 'mastication.' Mastication when im-
pedeil or impracticable.
AMATORIUM, Lacuna labii superioris.
AMATORIL Oblique muscles of the eye.
AMATORIUM VENEFICIUM, Philter.
AMATORIUS MUSCULUS, Obliquus supe-
rior oculi.
AMAURO'SIS, Ohfnscn'tio, Offnsca'tio, from
atiiivpoi, 'obscure,' Drop Herene, Giitta gere'nn,
Cutarac'ta ni'jra, Parojj'sis amauro'nis, Inunobil'-
itas pupil'IcB, Suffu'sio nUjra, Black CMt aract,
NervouH bUndnexH, (F.) Gontte-aereuie, Cataraete
noire, Anopticonervie (Piorry). Diminution, or
complete loss of sight, without any perceptible
alteration in the organization of the eye ; gene-
rally, perhaps, owing to loss of po>ycr of tho
optic nerve or retina — Optic ananthe'ma. Coun-
ter-irritants are the most successful remedial
agents, although the disease is always very diffi-
cult of removal, and generally totally incurable.
Amaurosis Dimidiata, Hemiopia — a. Diurnal,
Nyctalopia — a. Nocturnal, Hemeralopia — a. lui-
perfecta, Hypo-amaurosis.
AMAUROT'IC, Amaurot'iciia, (F.) Amaiiro-
tique ; same etymon. Afifected with amaurosis.
Amaurotic Cat's Eye, Galeamauro'ni),: A
name given by Beer to an amaurotic affection,
accompanied by a remarkable change of colour
in the pupil, which presents, apparently in the
fundus of the eye, a lighter tint, yellowish or
brownish yellow, instead of its natural clear
black.
AMA'ZIA, from a, privative, and /la^oj, 'breast.'
A monstrosity, in which there is absence of ouo
or both breasts.
AMBARUM, Ambergris — a. Cineritium, Am-
bergris.
AMBE, from aiifSatvu), 'I ascend;' Amhi. A
superficial eminence on a bone. Also, an old
surgical machine for reducing dislocations of the
shoulder ; the invention of which is ascribed to
Hippocrates. It is no longer used. — Hippo-
crates, Scultetus. See Crista.
AMBER, Succinum — a. Liquid : see Liquid-
amber styracitlua.
AM'BERGRIS, 'gray amber,' Ambor, Amlar,
Amhra gri'aea seu cinera'cea seu anibrosiaco,
Ambarum, Snc'cinum cine'reum seu yri'seum,
Am'barum cineri"tium. A concrete substance,
of the consistence of wax, cineritious colour,
studded with yellow and blackish spots, and ex-
haling a very pleasant odour. It seems highly
probable that ambergris is formed in the intes-
tines of the whale, and voided with its excre-
ment. Like all aromatic substances, ambergris
is slightly anti-spasmodic and excitant; but it is
oftener employed as a perfume than as a medi-
cine.
AMBIA. A liquid, yellow bitumen, the smell
and virtues of which are similar to those of the
resin tacamahaca. It is obtained from a spring
in India.
AMBICUS, Alembic.
AMBIDEX'TER, Amphidex'ins, from amhn,
'both,' and dexter, 'right.' One who uses both
hands with equal facility. Celsus says the sur-
geon ought to be ' non minims sinistra, qnam dex-
trd promptus.' One of the aphorisms of Hippo-
crates says, that a woman is never ambidexter.
This is a mistake.
AMBIL^EVUS, Ampharisteros.
AMBIOPIA. Diplopia.
AMBITUS GENITALIS MULIEBRIS, Ves-
tibulum.
AMBLOMA, Abortion.
AMBLOSIS, Abortion.
AMBLOSMUS. Abortion.
AMBLOTHRIDION, see Abortion.
AMBLOTHRIDIUM, Abortive.
AMBLOTICUS, Abortive.
AMBLUS, a/i/SXyf, 'obscure.' Hence,
AMBLYAPlI'lA.from a^/JAuj, 'obscure,' and
'a(l>r,. 'feeling.' Dulness of the sense of touch.
AMBLYOGMOS, Amblyopia.
AMBLYO'PIA, from au(iXvi, 'obscure,' and
o>ip, 'the eye.' Ambhjos'mos, Amblyoq'mos, Amph-
o'pia (so called by some, according to Castplli,
oh i'jnoruntium Graem limjua), Hehetu'do vis&H,
AMBLYOSMOS
51
AMMI
Feebleness of sif/ht, (F.) Amlhjopte, Vue faihle.
First degree of Amaurosis. — Hippocrates.
Amblyopia Ckkpusculaiiis, Ilemeralopia — a.
Dissitoruin, My()|)ia — a. Meridiana, Nyctalopia —
a. Proxiinoruin, Presbytia.
AMBLYOSMOS, Amblyopia.
AMBOLICUS, Abortive.
AMBON, a/tlSiav, 'the raised rim of a shield or
dish,' from a/i/J'Hi/u, 'I ascend.' The fibro-carti-
laginous rings or boitrrelets, which surround the
articular cavities, as the glenoid cavity of the
scapula, the acetabulum, Ac, have been so called
— Galen. See Crista.
AMBOR, Ambergris.
AMBRA, Succinum — a. Ambrosiaca, Amber-
gris — a. Cineracea, Ambergris.
AMBRAGRISEA, Ambergris.
AM HUE lilAXO, Succinum (album) — a.
Jamie, Succinum.
AMBRETTE, Hibiscus abelmoschus.
AMBRINA AMBROSIOIDES, Chcnopodium
ambrosioides — a. Anthelmiiitica, Chcnopodium
anthelminticum — a. Botrvs, Chenopodium botrys.
AMBHOISIE DU MEX[QUE, Chenopodium
ambrosioides.
AMBRO'SIA, from a, privative, and 0poToi,
'mortal.' Food which makes immortal, or the
food of immortals. Food of the gods — Homer.
See also, Chenopodium botrys.
Ambkosia Elatior, see A. Trifida.
Ambuosia Marit'ima, Ord. Compositse. A
plant which grows on the shores of the Levant,
and has a pleasant, bitter and aromatic taste. It
is given in infusion, as a tonic and antispasmodic.
Ambuosia Tkif'ida, Horseweed, Richweed,
Ilorseiniiit, Homecane, Bitterweed, Great or Tall
liacjiveed, Wild Hemp. This indigenous plant is
found in low grounds and along streams, from
Canada to Georgia, and west to Louisiana and
Arkansas. It is an annual, and flowers in Au-
gust and September. An infusion has been re-
commended locally in mercurial salivation.
Atiil/rosia Elatior, Ragweed, is said by Dr. 11.
E. Griffith to have much more developed sensible
properties.
AMHROSIE DU MEXIQUE, Chenopodium
ambrosioides.
A^fBULANCE [Y.), from amhulare, 'to walk.'
A military hospital attached to an army, and
moving along with it. Also called Uopital am-
bulant.
AMBULATIO, Walking.
AM'BULATORY, Am'btdans, Ambidati'vun,
Ain'biilative, (F.) Amhidaut. A morbid affection
is said to be 'ambulatory,' (F.) ambulant, when
it skii>s from one part to another; as Erisypelcs
iimbiilanti, &c. When blisters are applied suc-
cessively on different parts of the body, they are
called Veiicataire'i ambulants.
AMBULEIA, Cichorium intybus.
AM'BULI. The Brachmanic name for an In-
dian aquatic herb, which appears to belong to
the family LijulmachicB. The whole plant has a
sweet smell. Its decoction has a very bitter
taste, and is an excellent febrifuge. It is also
taken in milk in cases of vertigo.
AM'BIJLO FLATULEN'TUS ET FURIO'-
SUS, Flatus furio'nus, Vnre'ui.*' Painful, mo-
bile, and periodical tumours affecting different
j)arts. which were once considered as the effect
of very subtile vapours — Michaelis. Their na-
ture is bv no means clear.
AMBUSTIO, Burn.
AMBUTUA. Pnreira brava.
A M BUYA-EMBO. A very beautiful, creeping
nrislolochia of Brazil, the decoction of which is
exhiliited successfully in obstructions. It is also
usi'l in fumigation and iu baths as a tonic.
AME, .\niuia.
AMELI. A Malabar shrub, belonging to a
genus unknown. The decoction of its leaves is
said to relieve colic. Its roots, boiled in oil, are
used to repel tumours.
AMELIA, Apathy.
AMENIA, Atuenorrhoea, Emmenagogues.
AMENOMA'NIA. A hybrid word, formed
from the Latin amwniis, 'agreeable,' and ixavia,
'mania.' A gay form of insanity.
AMENORRHCE'A, Parame'nia obstructio'nis,
Menocryph' ia, Menosta'ain, Apophrax'iSjArrhce' a,
Defec'tus seu Reinan'sio seu Cessa'tio meu'siam,
Menstrua'tio impedi'ta, Ischome'nia, Ame'nia,
AmetrohcB'mia, from a, privative, ftnv, 'a mouth,'
and p&u), 'I flow.' Suppression of the menses, (F.)
Suppression dn jlux menstruel. This suppression
is most commonly symptomatic, and hence the
chief attention must be jjaid to the cause. Usu-
ally, there is an atonic state of the sj'stem gene-
rally, and hence chalybeates and other tonics are
advisable.
Two great varieties of Amenorrhoea are com-
monly reckoned. 1. A. Emansio'nis, Einan'sio
men' slum, Menis'chesis, Menus' diesis, Menstrua' tio
reten'ta, Men'sium reten'tio, Retention of the men-
ses, when the menses do not appear at the usual
age : and, 2. Suppres'sio Men'sium seu Menstru-
atio'nis, Amenorrhee.'a Siippressio'iiis, Jnterrup'lia
menstruatio' Ills, Menstrna'tio suppres'sa, in which
the catamenia are obstructed in their regular
periods of recurrence. See Emansio Mensium,
and Menses.
Amenorrhcea Difficilis, Dysmenorrhoea — a.
Eraansionis, see Amenorrhoea — a. Jlymenica, seo
Hymenicus — a. Partialis, Dysmenorrha'a — a.
Suppressionis, see Amenorrhoea.
AMENTIA, Dementia : see, also, Fatuita.s, and
Idiotism- — a. Senilis, Dementia of the aged.
AMER, Amarus — a. de Bcenf, Bile of tho
ox.
AMERICAN, see Homo.
AMERICANUM TUBEROSUM, Solanum tu-
berosum.
AMERTUME, Bitterness.
AM'ETHYST, Amethijs'tns, from a, privative,
and liidvot, 'I am drunk.' A precious stone, to
which the ancients attributed the property of
preventing drunkenness. It was also used as an
anti-diarrhoeic and absorbent. — Pliny, Albertus
Masnus.
AMETH'YSUM, Amethys'tum, (remediiim.)
Same etymon as the last. A remedy for drunk-
enness.
AMETRIA, Intemperance, from a, privative,
and fxcTpov, 'measure.' Also, absence of the
uterus ; from a, privative, and iirtrpa, 'the uterus.'
AMETROH/EMIA, Amenorrhoea.
AMIAN'THUM MUSC^TOX'ICUM, {apiiav-
Toi, 'pure,' and av&ot, 'a flower,') Melan'thium,
musccBtox'icum, Helo'nias erythrosperm'a. Fly-
poison, Fall-poison, indigenous. Ord. Melan-
thacene. A narcotic poison, not used, however.
AMICULUM, Amnios.
AMIDOLIQUE, from amidum, 'starch.' Ap-
pertaining or belonging to starch. M. Beral
calls medicaments ainldoliqnes those, which owe
their general properties to starch.
AM [DON, Amylum — a. lodnre d', Starch,
Iodide, of.
AMfDOXXfERE. Ammi maculatum.
A.MIUUM, Amylum.
AMIN^EA, Anime.
AMIN.E'UM VINUM, Amine'an 7rine, highly
esteemed as a stomachic. Vir-iil distinguishes it
from the Falernian. — Pliny, Macrobius, &c.
AM MA, Truss.
AMMI. Ainmi mnjns seu cientafo'linm seu
vul'ja're seu Bulber', Am'mios muriea'ta, A'2}iuin
AMMION
52
AMMONIiE ACETAS
nmmi, Tiishop's weed. The seeds of this plant
are nroinatic and pungent. They are said to be
carminiitive and diuretic, and are tonic and sto-
machic.
Ammi Bot.beri, Ammi — a. des Boutiques, see
iSison ammi — a. Cicuta?folium, Ammi — a. Majus,
Ammi— a. Verum, see Sison ammi — a. Vulgare,
Ammi.
AMMION', Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum.
AMMIOS MURICATA, Ammi.
AMMISMUS, Psammismus.
AMMOCIIO'SIA, Ammocho'sis, from afiixo?,
'sand,' and x^'^t 'I pour.' Arena'tiu. Putting
the human body in hot sand, for the cure of
disan.-e.
AAIMO'NIA, Ammo'nia or Ammoni'acal gas,
Volatile nl'kidi, Al'cnli ammoni' ncurn caus'ticum,
A. vokit'ile caus'ticum, Ammo'nia caua'tica seu
pura, Ammoiii'acum, A. caus'ticum, Gas ammo-
niaca'le, Mephi'tis urino'sa, (P.) Ammoniaque,
Air alcalin, Gaz ammoniacal. An alcali, so called,
because obtained principally by decomposing sal
ammoniac (muriate of ammonia) by lime. This
gas is colourless, transparent, elastic, of a pun-
gent, characteristic odour, and an acrid, urinous
taste. It turns the syrup of A'iolets green, and
its specific gravity is 0'596. When inhaled,
largely diluted with common air, it is a powerful
irritant. When unmixed, it instantly induces
suiTocalion.
Ammonia, Acetate of. Solution of. Liquor
ammoniae acetatis — a. Arseniate of, Arseniate of
ammonia— a. Benzoate of, AmmoniiB benzoas —
u. Bicarbonate of, see AmmoniiB earbonas — a.
Caustica liquida. Liquor ammoniae — a. Chloro-
hydrate of, Ammoniae murias — a. Citrate of, Am-
moniae citras — a. Hydriodate of, Ammonium, io-
dide of— a. Hydrochlorate of, Atnmoniie murias
— a. Ilydrosujphuretof, Ammoniae sulphuretum —
a. Iodide of, see Iodine — a. Liniment of, strong,
Linimentum ammonia} fortius— -a. Liquid, Liquor
AmmoniiB — a. Muriatica, AmmoniiB murias — a.
Nitrata, Ammoniae nitras — a. Phosphate of, Am-
moniic phosphas — a. Praeparata, Ammoniae ear-
bonas — a. Pura liquida. Liquor ammonias — a.
Solution of. Liquor ammoniae — a. Solution of,
stronger. Liquor ammoniae fortior — a. Tartrate
of. Ammonias tartras.
AMMO'NIAC, GUM, Ammoni' acum (Ph. U.
S.), Gum'mi Ammoni' acum, Armoni' acum, Mato'-
rium, (F.) Ammoniac, Gonime ammoniaque, so
called from Ammonia in Lybia, whence it is
brought. A gum-resin, the concrete juice of
JJore'ma ammoni'acuin, of Persia : a species of a
genus allied to Ferula; and also the gum-resin
oi Fer'ula tingita'na. The latter is the ammo-
niacum of commerce. It is in irregular, dry
masses and tears, yellow externally, whitish
■within. Its odour is peculiar, and not ungrate-
ful : taste nauseous, sweet, and bitter. It forms a
■white emulsion with water: is soluble in vinegar;
partially so in alcohol, ether, and solutions of the
alcalies.
Gum ammoniacum is expectorant, deobstru-
ent(?), antispasmodic, discutient, and resolvent.
It is chiefly used, however, in the first capacity,
and in the formation of certain plasters.
Two varieties are met with in the market,
GuttcB ammoni'aci, the best; and Lapis atnmoni'-
uci, the more impure.
AMMONIAC^ NITRAS, AmmoniiB nitras—
a. Sulphas, Ammoniae sulphas.
AMMONIACUM, Ammonia, Ammoniac gum
—a. Hj'drochloratum ferratum, Ferrum ammoni-
atum — a. Succinatum, Spiritus ammoniae foetidus
— a. Volatile mite. Ammonite earbonas.
AMMONITE ACETAS, Liquor ammonia ace-
tatis — a. Arsenias, Arseniate of Ammonia.
Ammoni/E Ben'zoa.S, Ben'zonte of Ammonia.
A salt formed by the union of benzoic acid and
ammonia, which has been prescribed for the re-
moval of gouty depositions of urate of soda lu
the joints. It is regarded as a good diuretic.
Ammonite Bicau'eonas, Bicarh'onate of Am-
mo'nia, is officinal in the Dublin Pharmacopccia.
It has the same properties as the next, and is
more palatable. Dose, six to twenty-four grains.
Ammonia; Cak'bonas, A. Suhcar'honas seu &s.
quicar'honas, Salt of bones, Sal Oe'sium, Sal Fii.
liy"inis, Salt of wood-soot, Salt of urine. Volatile
Sal Ammoniac, Baker's salt, Al'cali volal'ile
aera'tum, A. volal'ile ammouiaca'le, A. volal'ile
ex sale ammoni'aco, Ammoni'acum volat'ile mite,
Ammo'nium carbon' icum seu subcarbo'neum, Uar-
bonas ammo' nice alkali' nus seu incomple'tiis seu
siiperammoni'acuSjHypocar'bonasttmmu'nia, Flo-
res salis ammoni'aci, Sal cornu cervi volat'ile, Sal
volnt'ilis salis ammoni'aci. Concrete or mild volatile
alkali, Carbonate or Siibcarbonate of ammoniii,
Ammo'nia prmpara'ta, Sal volat'ile. Smelling sail,
(F.) Carbonate d' ammoniaque, Sel volatil d' An-
gleterre, {Ammon. muriaf. tbj ; Creta; tbiss. Sub-
lime — Ph. U. S.) A white, striated, crystalline
mass; odour and taste pungent and ammoniucal:
soluble in two parts of water : insoluble in alco-
hol : effloresces in the air. It is stimulant, ant-
acid, diaphoretic, and antispasmodic. Dose, gr.
V to XV.
Carbonate of ammonia is at times used to form
effervescing draughts. One scruple saturates si.K
fluidrachms of lemon juice, twenty-six grains of
crystallized tartaric acid, and twenty-sis grains
of crystallized citric acid.
Carbonate of ammonia is the usual smelling
salts. When a few drops of Liquor Amraoniie
fortior are added to it coarsely powdered, and
some volatile oil, it forms Preston Salts.
Ammonite Citras, Citrate of Ammo'nia. Made
by saturating lemon or lime juice, or a solution
of citric acid, with carbonate of ammonia. Dose,
f^ss. It may be made extemporaneously, and
taken in an effervescing state. Seventeen grains
of citric acid, or half a fluidounce of lemon juice,
will be sufficient for thirteen grains of ciubonato
of ammonia.
Ammonite Cupro-sulphas, Cuprum ammonia-
turn.
AmmonIvE et Ferri Mdrias, Ferrum amrao-
niatum — a. Ferro-eitras, Ferri ammonio-citriis —
a. Hydriodas, Ammonium, iodide of — a. Hydro-
chloras. Ammonias murias — a. Hydrosulphurc-
tum, Liquor fumans Boylii — a. llypocarbonas,
AmmoniiB Carbonas.
Ammonia Mu'rias (Ph. U. S.), Ilu'riate oi
Clilorohydrate if Ammo'nia, Hydrochlo'rate <ij
Ammo'nia, Clilorohydrate of Ammo'nia (Ph. U.
S.), Sal Ammoni'acum, Sal Ammo'niac, S(d
Ammoni'aeus, Ammo'nia Muriat'ica, Ammo'nium
iluria'tum, Ainmo'nioB Hydrochlo'ras, Chlontrc'-
tum Ammo'nicum, Sal Armeni'acum, Salmiac,
Fuli'go Al'ba Philosojiho' rum, Ilisadir, (F.)
Muriate d' Ammoniaque, Sel Ammoniac ou Arme-
niac. A saline concrete, formed by the combi-
nation of muriatic acid with ammonia. In Egypt
it is manufactured in large quantities by sublim-
ing the soot formed by burning camel's dung— 26
pounds of the soot yielding 6 pounds. It is also
prepared, in great quiintities, by adding sulphuric
acid to the volatile alkali obtained from soot,
bones, &c., mixing this with common salt, and
subliming.
Muriate of ammonia is inodorous, but has an
acrid, pungent, bitterish, and urinous taste.
Three parts of cold water dissolve one. Solu-
ble also in 4-5 parts of alcohol. It is aperient
and diuretic, but seldom used internally. Ei-
AMMONIAQUE
53
AMOMUM
ternally, it is employed, producing cold during
its solution, in inflummations, Ac.
Ammo'ni^ NiTitAS, Nitrate of Ammonia, AV-
Irnli voldt' lie nitra' turn, Sal ammoni'aciis nitro'sua,
Ammo' Ilia nitra' ta, Nitran ammoni'accB, Nitrum
JlammniiH, (F.) Nitrate d' Ammoniaqne. A salt
composed of nitric acid and ammonia. It is diu-
retic and deobstruent. (?) Externally, it is dis-
cutient and sialogogue.
AsiAfo'Ni/K PllosPHAS, Ammo'nium phosphor'i-
CHiii, Pfionpfiate of Ammo'nia, (F.) Phos})hate
d'Ainmoniii'iiie. This salt has been recommended
as an excitant, diaphoretic, and discutient. More
recently, it has been proposed as a new remedy
for gout and rheumatism, as a solvent of uric acid
calculus, and for diseases, acute and chronic, con-
nected directly with the lithicacid diathesis.
Ammonite Sesquicakuonas, A. carbonas.
Ammo'nia Sulphas, Sulphate of Ammo'nia,
Suljikan ammoni'acoB, Ammo'nium sidphit'ricum,
Al'kali vo/at'ile vitriola'tum, Sal Ammoni'acum
secre'tum Glacberi, Sal secre'tus Glauberi, Vi-
trialnm ummouinca'le, (F.) Sulphate d' Ammoni-
aqne. Formed by adding sulphuric acid either to
sal ammoniac or toamraoniacal liquor. Its proper-
ties are like thoscof the muriate of ammonia.
Ammo'ni.c Sijlphure'tum, Sul'phuret of Am-
mo'nia, JI;/droKiU'phuret of Ammo'nia, Ammo'-
nium Sulfhydra'tum, HydroHuVjihaa AmmonicB,
Spir'itus Begoi'ni, Sp. fimans Begui'ni, Sul-
phiire'tum ammoni'acm, Sp. salis ammoni'aci sul-
jihnra'tus, Liquor ammo'nii hijdrothi'odis, Hydro-
sulphure'tum Ammo'nicinn, Hydvoaidph. amjnonia-
ca'le aquo'snm, Hydroff'eno-sulphure'tum ammo-
iii'aca; liq'uidnm, Spir'itus sul'phuris volat'ilis,
Ucpnr nulphurin volat'ile, Boyle's or Beguine's
fuming npirit, (F.) Hydrorndphate aulfure d'Am-
iiioniaque, Liqueur fumante de BoYLE, Sulfiire
hydrogens d' Ammoniaqne, Hydrosulfiire d'Am-
■luoniaque. Odour very fetid; taste nauseous and
styptic; colour dark yellowish green. It is re-
puted to be sedative, nauseating, emetic, disoxy-
genizing (?) and has been given in diabetes and
diseases of increased excitement. Dose, gtt. vij
to gtt. XX.
Ammo'm^h Tartras, Al'kali volat'ile tartari-
za'tum, Sal Ammoni'acum tarta'renm, Tar'tarua
ammo'nia, Tartrate of Ammo'nia, (F.) Tartrate
d' Ammoniaqne. A salt composed of tartaric acid
and ammonia. It is diaphoretic and diuretic;
but not much used.
AM MON fAQUE, Ammonia — a. Araeniate d',
Arseniate of ammonia — a. llydroaulfure d', Am-
nioniiB sulphuretuin — a. Hydroaulfate aulfure d',
Ammoniaj sulphurotum — a. Liquide, Liquor am-
moniai — a. Phosphate d', Ammonias phosphas —
(J. Sulfnre hi/dro,/fiiie d', Amtnoniffi sulphuretum.
AMMONII lODIDUM, Ammonium, iodide of
— a. loiluretum. Ammonium, iodide of.
A.MMONIO-CUPRICUS SUBSULPHAS, Cu-
prum ammoniatum.
AM.VIO'NION, from a/iiios, 'sand.' An ancient
collyriuin of great virtue in many diseases of the
eye, and which was said to remove sand from
that organ.
AMMONIU.M ARSENICICUM, Arseniate of
ammonia — a. Carbonicum, Ammoniae carbonas —
a. Ilydroiodicum, Ammonium, iodide of — a. lo-
datum, Ammonium, iodide of.
Am.mo'.vii'm, Iodide op, lod'idum seu lodure'-
tinn ammoiiii, Ammonium loda'tum seu Hydro-
iod'icum, Hydri'odaa ammo'nicB, Hydri'odate of
ammo'nia. This salt is formed by saturating
liquid hydriodic acid with eauatic ammonia, and
evaporating the solution. It is applied in the
form of ointment (3J ad adipia ^j) in lepra,
psoriasis, Ac.
Ammonium Muriaticum Martiatum seu Mar-
TiALE Ferrum ammoniatum — a. Muriatum, Am-
moniae murias — a. Phosphoricum, Ammoniaa
phosphas — a. Subcarboneum, Ammoniae carbonas
— a. Sulf hydratum. Ammonias sulphuretum — a.
Sulphuricuin, Ammonite sulphas.
AMNA ALCALIZATA, Water, mineral, sa-
line.
AMNEMOSYNE, Amnesia.
AMNE'SIA, Amneat'ia, Amnemoa'yne, from a,
privative, and iivnan, ' memory.' Mo'ria imbec"-
ilia amne'aia, Obliv'io, llecollectio' nia jnctu'ra,
DyacBathe'aia inter'na, Debil'itas memo'ria:, Me-
mo'ria dele'ta, (F.) Perte de Memoire, ' loss of
memory.' By some nosologists, amnesia con-
stitutes a genus of diseases. By most, it is con-
sidered only as a symptom, which may occur in
many diseases.
AMNESTIA, Amnesia.
AMNIO, Amniotic.
AMNIO AOID, Amniotic acid.
AMNIITIS, Amnitis.
AMNIOOLEP'SIS, from amnios, and (cAsirra,
'I steal or take away clandestinely.' Premature
escape of the liquor amnii.
AMNIORRHCE'A, from amnioa, and ptu, 'I
flow.' A premature discharge of the liquor amnii.
AM'NION, Am'nioa, Amniiim, Jlym'nium,
Charta virgin'ea, Armatu' ra, Agni'na inembra'na,
Pellu'cida memhra'na, Galea, Scepar'uum, fndii'-
eium, Amic'ulum, ifenibra'na fa;tum invol'vena.
The innermost of the enveloping membranes of
the foetus: — so called because first observed in
the sheep (?), {afivoi, ' a sheep.') It is thin, trans-
parent, perspirable, and possesses many delicate
colourless vessels, which have not been injected.
It is generally considered to be produced by a
fold of the external layer of the germinal mem-
brane, rising up, and gradually enveloping the
embryo. Its external surface is feebly united to
the chorion by areolar and vascular filaments.
Its inner surface is polished, and is in contact
with the body of the fwtus and the liquor amnii.
AMNIOT'IO, Amniot'icua, Amiiic, Am'nicna,
(F.) Amniotique ou Amnique. Relating, or ap-
pertaining, to the amnios.
AMNIOT'IO AOID, Ac"idum am'nicum seu
amniot'icum. A peculiar acid, found by Vauque-
lin and Buniva in the liquor amnii of the cow.
AjVNIQUE, Amniotic.
AMNI'TIS, Amnii'tie, from amnion and itia,
'inflammation.' Inflammation of the amnion.
AMQllNOMA'NIA, from amoenna, 'agreeable,'
and mania. A form of mania in which the hal-
lucinations are of an agreeable character.
AMOME FAUX, Sison amomum.
AMO'MUM OARDAMO'MUM (Ph. D.), A.
verum, Alpin'ia cardamo'mnm, Caro'pi, Mato'nia
Cardamo' mum, Eletta'ria Cardamo'mum, Carda-
mo'mnm Minna, Leaaer, True, or Officinal Car'da-
mom, (F.) Cardamome de la Cote de Malabar,
Cardamome. Ord. Zingiberaceaj. The fruit of
this East India plant — Cardamomnm, (Ph. U. S.),
C. Malabaren'ae — has an agreeable, aromatic
odour, and a pungent, grateful taste. It is car-
minative and stomachic: but is chiefly used to
give warmth to other remedies. It is called Amo-
mia. Dose, gr. v to ^j-
The Amo'mum Cardamo'mnm of Linnaeus, Clus-
ter or Round Cardamom of Sumatra, Java, and
other islands eastward of the Bay of Bengal,
yields the round Cardamom, Cardamo'mnm ro-
tun'dum, of the shops. The fruits, in their native
clusters or spikes, constituting the Amo'mum ra-
cetno'aum, are rarely met with.
Amomum Ourcuma, Ourcuma longa.
Amomum Galanga, Maranta galanga.
Amomum Guakum Paradisi, A. max'imum,
Cardamo'mum majua seu pipera'tnm, Melegnet'ta,
Jfanigiiet'ta. Greater cardamom seeds — Grana
Paradi'ai, Grains of Paradise, (F.) Graines d6
AMOR
54
AMULETUM
Parndis—rcsemh\e A. cardnmomum in properties.
They are extremely hot, and not much used.
Amomtm. Gukat-winged, Amomum maximum
— a. Ilirsutuni, Costus.
Amomum Max'imum, Great-winged Amomnm,
Yields the fruit known in commerce by the names
Jam or Xepnl C'(rd.n,wm9, lieiig'd Cardamoms
of the Calcutta market, ic— Pereira.
Amomum Montanum, see Cassumuniar — a- Pi-
menta, see Myrtus piraenta — a. Raeemosum, see
A. cardamomum— a. Sylvestre, see Cassumuni.nr
— a. Zedoaria, Kiempferia rotunda — a. Zerumbet,
see Cassumuniar.
Amomum Zin'giber, Zin'gHer nffieina'le seu
album seu nir/rvm seu commu'ne, Ziii'ziber, Gin-
ger, (F.) Ginijemhre. The block and white ginger,
Zin'ziber fnscnm et nlbnm, Zin'giber (Ph. U. S.),
are the rhizoma of the same plant, Zin'giber offi-
cinu'le, the difference depending upon the mode
of preparing them.
The odour of K'ng*^"" i** aromatic ; taste w.arra,
aromatic, and acrid. It yields its virtues to alco-
hol, and in a great degree to water. It is car-
minative, stimulant, and sialogogue.
Preserved Ginger, Zingib'crin Radix Condi' ta,
Badix Zingib'eris condi'ta ex India, alla'ta, is a
condiment which possesses all the virtues of
ginger.
Ginger-Beer Powders may ba formed of wliite
ingar'"^] and ^ij, J/'".'yc)- gT.\, mbcm-bnnate of
soda g'r. xxxvj, in each blue paper; acid of tar-
tar ^iss, in each white paper — for half a pint of
water.
Oxley's Concentrated Eisencc of Jamaica Gin-
ger is a solution of ginger in rectified spir't.
AMOR, Love.
AMOHGE. Amurca.
AMOKPHUS, Anhistous, Anideus.
AMOSTEUS, Osteocolla.
AMOUR, Love — a. Physique, Appetite, vene-
real.
AMOUREUX, (muscle.) Obliquus superior
oculi.
AMPAC, Amp'acxts. An East India tree, the
leaves of which have a strong odour, and are
used in baths as detergents. A very odoriferous
resin is obtained from it.
AMPAR, Succinum.
AMPELOCARPUS, Galium aparine.
AMPELOPRASUM. Allium.
AMPELOP'SIS QUINQUEFO'LIA, (a/^TreXoj,
'the vine,' and onIis, 'appearance,') Virgin' ian
Creeper, American Toy, Five-leaved Ivy, Woody
Climber. An indigenous climbing plant. Ord.
Vitaceae ; which flowers in July. It has been
advised as an expectorant.
AMPELOS, Yitis vinifera — a. Agria, Bryonia
alba — a. Idaja, Vaccinium Vitis Idaea — a. Melaena,
Tamus communis — a. Oinophorus,' Vitis vinifera.
AMPHAMPIIOTERODIOPSIA, Diplopia.
AMPHARIS'TEROS, Anibila'vus, 'awkward;'
from afitpt, and aptarepos, 'the left.' Opposed to
ambidexter.
AiMPHEMERTNOS, Quotidian.
AMPHEMERUS, Quotidian.
AMPHI, a/jc/)i, 'both, around, on all sides.'
Hence, a prefix in many of the following terms.
AMPHIAM, Opium.
AMPHIARTHRO'SIS, from a/i^i, 'both,' and
Bo$-(<ij>in;, ' articulation.' A mixed articulation,
in which the corresponding surfaces of bones are
united in an intimate manner by an intermediate
body, which allows, however, of some slight mo-
tion. Such is the junction of the bodies of the
vertebrae by means of the intervertebral car-
tilages. This articulation has also been called
Diarthrose de Continuite. The motion it permits
is but slight.
AMPHIBLESTROIDITIS, Retinitis.
AMPIIIT5LE.STR0TDES, Reticular.
AMPUIBLESTROMALA'CIA, Amph,h!e,.
troidomala'eia, from amphiblcxtroides (""^ombra-
na), < the retina, and //aXa^.a, 'softening. Mol-
lescence or softening of the retina.
AMPJIIBRAN'CllIA, from a//^i, around,
and /3payx'«. ' tl'e throat.' Amphibron'chia. The
tonsils and neighbouring parts.— Hippocrates.
AMPIIICAUSTIS, Vulva.
AMIIID'EUM, from a^l(|>l, 'around,' and dem,
'I bind.' The outermost margin of the cervix
uteri ; the L(tbium uteri.
AMPJIIDEXIUS, Ambidexter.
AMPIIIDIARTHRO'SIS, from a//0i, 'about,'
and ^i«p5f)u)(ns, ' moveable joint.' A name givea
by Winslow to the temporo-maxillary articulii-
tion, because, according to that anatomist, it
partakes both of ginglymus and arthrodia.
A5IPHIESMA CORDIS, Pericardium.
AMPHIMERINA, Pertussis— a. llcctica, Hec-
tie fever.
AMPIIIMERINOS, Quotidian.
AMPHION, Maslach.
AMPIIIPLEX, Perinffium.
AMPIIIPNEUMA, Dyspnoea.
AMPHISMELA, Knife, dguble-edgod.
AMPlllSMILE, Knife, double-edged.
AMPIIISPIIAL'SIS, Circnmac'tio, Circum.
duetio, from a/i'/x, 'around,' and aipaXXw, 'I wan-
der.' The movement of circumduction used in
reducing luxations.— Hippocrates.
AMPHODIPLOPIA, see Diplopia.
AM'PHORA, per syncop. for n/j^iiioptvs, from
ajiipi, 'on both sides,' and ^ipm, ' I bear :' because
it had two handles. A liquid measure among
the ancients, containing above seven gallons.
Also called Quadrant'al, Cera'miurn, Ceram'nium,
Cadui:.
AMPHORIC RESPIRATION, see Cavernous
Respiration.
AMPHOTERODIPLOPIA, see Diplopia.
AMPHRODIPLOPIA, Diplopia.
AMPLEXATIO, Coition.
AMPLEXUS, Coition.
AMPLIFICATIO, Platynosis.
AMPLIOPIA, Amblyopia.
AMPOSIS, Anaposis.
AMPOULES, Essera.
AMPUL'LA, (L.) 'A bottle.' A
bag, shaped like a leathern bottle.
EUiptica. In pharmacy, a receiver.
Ampulla Chylifera seu Chyli, Recepta-
culum chyli.
AMPULLA, Phlyctaense.
AMPUTATION, Amputa'tio, from amputnre,
amputatum, (aw), ' around,' and jmtare, ' to cut
off.') Apot'ome, Apotom'ia. The operation of
separating, by means of a cutting instrument, a
limb or a part of a limb, or a projecting pnrt, as
the mamma, penis, &c., from the rest of the body.
In the case of a tumour, the terra excision, re-
moval, or extirpation, (F.) Resection, is more com-
monly used.
Amputation, Circular, is that in which the
integuments and muscles are divided circularly.
Amputation, Flap, (F.) A. a lambeaux, is
when one or two flaps are left so as to cover the
stump when the limb has been removed.
Amputation, Joint, Exarticula'tio, (F.) A.
dans I'artiele ou dans la contiyuite des membrei,
is when the limb is removed at an articulation.
Each amputation requires a different process,
•which is described in works on operative surgery.
Amputation, Spontaneous, see Spontaneous.
AMULET, Amulctum.
AMULETTE, Amuletum.
AMULE'TUM, from amoliri, 'to remove.' An
Amxdct, Perium'ma, Apotropm'um, Periap'ton,
Phyiacte'rion, Apoteles'ma, Exuvte'ma, Akxica!-
membranous
See Cavilas
AMURCA
AMYRIS COMMIPHORA
eum, PrfEtervatl'viim, Proha8ca'nium,Prolaiican'.
tiuni, (F.) Amutette. Any image or substance
worn about the person for the purpose of pre-
venting disease or danger.
AMIJR'CA, Arnur'ijii, aitopyn, from a/iepyu), 'I
press out.' The marc or grounds remaining after
olives have been crushed and deprived of their
oil. It has been used as an application to ulcers.
AMUlUiA, Amurca.
AM USA, Musa Paradisiaca.
A'^IYCE, Amycha, Amyx'ta. Excoriation, Sca-
rification.
AMYCIIA, Amyee.
AMYC'TICA, from a/iuutru, 'I lacerate.' Me-
dicines which stimulate and vellicate the skin. —
Cajlius Aurelinnus.
AMY DOLE, Fecula.
AMYDKIASIS, Mydriasis.
AMYKL'IA, from a, privative, and /lutXof,
'marrow.' A monstrous formation, in which
there is an absence of spinal marrow.
AMY'ELONER'VIA; from a, privative, /xueXoj,
'marrow,' and vevpov, 'nerve.' Paralysis or de-
ficient action of the .«pinal marrow.
AMYELOTROPH'IA, from a, privative, jtnj£>of,
'marrow,' and T()o<ptj, 'nourishment' Atrophy
of the spinal marrow.
AMYU'DALA, same etymon as Amyetica;
because there seem to be fissures in the shell.
The Almond, of which there are two kinds ;
Amyff'daleB ama'rm and A. dulces, (F.) Amandes
amerei, and A. donees, obtained from two varie-
ties of Aiuyf/'daluD commitnis or A. snti'va, Al-
mond tree, (Old Eng. ) AmylUer, a native of Bar-
bary. Ord. Amygdaleai. Hex. Syst. Icosandria
Monogynia.
The taste of Amygdala dulcii is soft and sweet ;
that of A. nmara, bitter. Both yield, by expres-
sion, a sweet, bland oil. The bitter almond con-
tains Prussic acid. They are chiefly used for
forming emulsions.
Amvg'daljE Pasta, Almond Paste, a cosmetic
for softening the skin and preventing chaps, is
made of hitter almonds, blanched, ^iv, trhite of
one eytj ; rose mater, and rectified spirit, equal
parts, or as much as is sufficient.
Amvg'dal>e Placen'ta, Almond Cake, is the
cake left after the expression of the oil. The
ground Almond Cake, Almond, Powder, Fari'na
Amyydala' rum, is used instead of soap for wash-
ing the hands.
AMYC.nALA, Tonsil. Also, a lobule or promi-
nenc-e of the cerebellum, so called from its resem-
blance to an enlarged tonsil. This and its fellow
of the opposite side form the lateral boundaries
of the anterior extremity of the mlley. and are
in great part covered by the medulla oblongata.
The Amygdala3 are seated on either side of the
uvula, in the fourth ventricle.
AMYU' DALATOME, Amygdalat'omiis, from
aytvyliaXrj, ' tonsil,' and Topri, ' incision ;' impro-
perly Tonsillitome, — Tonsil-guillotine, (F.) Se'ca-
teur des Amygdales. An instrument fqr surgery
and excising a portion of the tonsil. See Kio-
tome.
AMY'GDALATUM, Emulsio amygdalae.
AM YG DALE, Tonsil.
AM\''(j'])ALIN, Amygdali'num, Amygdali'na,
Amij(/'daline. A principle contained in bitter
almonds, which is prepared by pressing the
bruised almonds between heated plates to sepa-
rate the fat oil : boiling the residue in alcohol ;
evaporatinsr, and treating with ether, which pre-
cipitates the aniygdalin in a crystalline powder.
A weak solution' of it, under the influence of a
email quantity of emulsin or synatapse, which
constitutes the larger portion of the pulp of al-
monds, yields at once oil of bitter almonds and
hydrocyanic acid.
fusel.
AMYGDALITIS, Cynanche tonsillaris.
AMYGDALUS, see Amygdala.
Amvgdalits Communis, see Amygdala.
Amygdalus Pek'.sica, Per'sica vulga'ris. ' The
common peach-tree, (F.) Picher. The leaves and
flowers have been considered laxative. They are
bitter and aromatic, and have been given in hae-
maturia, nephritis, <fec. The fruit is one of the
pleasant and wholesome summer fruits, when
ripe. The kernels, Amyg'dala Per'sicce, as well
as the flowers, contain prussic acid.
Peach Brandy is distilled from the fruit, and
is much used in the United States.
AMYGMOS, Scarification.
AMY'L, Amylum.
, AMYLA'CEOUS, Amyla'ceus, (F.) Amylace,
'i from amylum, 'starch.' Having the nature of)
or containing starch. Starchy, starch-like.
Amylackous Bodies, Corpora amvlaeea
AMYLE, HYDRATED OXIDE OF, Oil, 1
AMY'LENE, see Potato oil.
AMYLEON, Amylum.
AMYLI lODIDUM, Starch, iodide of— a.
loduretum. Starch, iodide of.
AMYLLIER, see Amygdala.
AMYLOID BODIES, Corpora amylacea.
A'iMY'LUM, A'midum, Fec'ula, Amyl'eon,
Awyl'ion, Am'ylon, from a, priv., and pv'Xri, 'a
mill,' because ujade without a mill. Starch, (Old
Eng.) Amyl, (F.) Amidon, Amylon. Starch of
Wheat, Fari'na, Trit' ici fari'na, Amylum tritic"-
eum seu Trit'ici, Fec'ula Amyla'cea, is inodorous
and insipid, white and friable. It is insoluble in
cold water and alcohol, but forms with boiling
water a strong, semi-transparent jelly. It is de-
mulcent, and is used as an emollient glyster, and
as the vehicle for opium, when given per anum.
Starch is met with abundantly in all the cereal
grains, in the stalks of many of the palms, in
some lichens, and in many tuberous roots, par-
ticularly in the bulbs of the orchis.
Amylitm Americanum, see Arrow-root — a.
Cannaceum, Tous-les-mois — a. lodatum. Starch,
iodide of — a. Manihoticum, see Jatropha manihot
— a. Marantaceum, Arrow-root — a. Palmaceum,
Sago — a. Querneum, Racahout.
A'MY'ON, from a priv., and itvov, ' a muscle,'
Emnscula'tus. Without muscle. Applied to the
limbs, when so extenuated that the muscles can-
not be distinguished.
AMYOSIS, Synezizis.
AMYOSTHENI'A, (F.) Amyosthenie, from a,
priv., ixvwv, 'a muscle,' and a^ivof, 'strength.'
Defect of muscular contraction.
AMYOSTHENIE CYSTUItlQUE, Paralysis
of the bladder. — Piorry.
AMYRIS COMMIPHORA, see Bdellium.
Am'vuis Elemif'era, (a. intensive, and fivpov,
'an odoriferous ointment,' because it enters into
the composition of such.) (F.) Balsamier ou
Baumier Flemifere. Ord. TerebinthacesB. Sex.
Syst. Octandria Monogynia. The plant whence
it has been supposed Gum El'emi is obtained.
This gum or resin is brought from the Spanish
East and West Indies. Brazilian Elemi, accord-
ing to Dr. Royle, is produced by Icica Icicariba ;
3Icxican Elemi, by Ela'phrium elemiferum / and
Manilla Elemi, by Cana'rium commu'ne. It is
softish, transparent, of a pale whitish colour, in-
clining a little to green, and of a strong, though
not unpleasant smell. It is only used in oint-
ments and plasters, and is a digestive.
Amyris Gileadensis, see A. opobalsamum.
Am'yris OpobAL'saMUM, (F.) Balsamier OU
Baumier de la Mecque, lial'sem, Bal'samum. The
plant from which is obtained the Balsam op
Mecca, Bal'samum genui'num antiquo'rum seu
Asiat'icum seu Juda'icum seu Syriacum seu c
AMYRON
56
AN.15STHETIC
Jlfeccd seu Alpi'm, linlsamcla'on, yFgi/ptiacum
Jlal'iinniuiii, Coca ihnV Hit mum, Oleum Bal'sami,
Opobiil'Humum, Xylohiil'mmum, Biiham or Balm
of Gileitd, (F.) Boume liUinc, B. ile Uoustantino-
],lc bluuc, B. cie Galaad, B. (ht Grand Cuire, B.
Vrai, Terebinth ine de Gilead, T. d' Kgtjpte, T. du
Grand K'airc, T. de Judee. A resinous juice ob-
tained by making incisions into Ami/ris ojiohnV-
sdinum and ^1. Gileaden'fiis of LinniBUS, Balsa-
inadeu'dron Gile'iden'se of Kunth. The juice of
the fruit is called Uarpobid'namum ; that of the
wood and branches Xi/lobal'namiim. It has the
general properties of the milder Terebinthinates.
Amvhis ToM^:.NTOsu^f, Fagara octandra.
AMYUON, Carlhiunus tinctorius.
A'MYUS, from a, privative, and /ivs, 'a mouse,
a muscle.' Weak or poor in muscle.
AMYX'IA, from a, privative, and iiv^a, 'mu-
cus.' Deficiency of mucus.
AMYXIS, Amyce, Scarification.
ANA, ava, a word which signifies 'of each.'
It is used in prescriptions as well as ii and fia, its
abbreviations. As a prefix to words, it means
'in,' 'through,' 'upwards,' 'above,' in opposition
to cata; — also, 'repetition,' like the English re.
Hence, —
ANAB'ASIS, from avajiaivi^, 'I ascend.' The
first period of a disease, or that of increase. —
Galeu. See Augmentation.
ANABEXIS, E.\pectoration
ANABLEP'SIS, from ava, 'again,' and jSXtira),
'I see.' Restoration to sight.
ANABOL^'ON, Aunbok'us, from avnjSaWu, 'I
cast up.' An ointment for extracting darts or
other extraneous bodies.
ANAB'OLE, from ava, 'upwards,' and fiaWu,
'I cast.' Ana(/o'(je, Anapjh'oru, Anacine'mu,
Anacine'sis. An evacuation upwards. An act
by which certain matters are ejected by the
mouth. In common acceptation it includes, ex-
xpuition, expectoration, reijuryitation, and vomit-
iny.
ANABROCHIS'MDS, Anahron'cliismus, from
uva, 'with,' and fiito'xoi, 'a running knot.' An
operation for removing the eye-lashes, for exam-
ple, when they irritate the eye, by means of a
iuiir knotted around them. — Hippocrates, Galen,
Celsus, Ac.
ANABRONCHISMUS, Anabrochismus.
ANABROSIS, Corrosion, Erosion.
ANACAMPSEROS, Sedum telephijim.
ANAC.AR'DIUM OCCIDENTA'LE, {ava and
Kupiia, ' heart,' from the resemblance of the fruit
to a dried heart,) Aeajn'bn occidenta'lix, Cussu'-
vinm pnmif'erum. Cashew ( W. Indies.) (F.) Ac'-
iijou. Ord. Terebinthaceae. Sex. Si/at. Ennean-
dria Monogynia. The Oil of tf^ Casheie Xut,
O'leum Anacar'dii, (P.) Huile d' Acajou, is an
Hctive caustic, and used as such in the countries
where it grows, especially for destroying warts,
<tc.
Anacaudthm Orientalr, Avicenniatomentosa.
ANACATHAR'SIS, from ava, 'upwards,' and
Ko^aipnv, 'to purge.' Purgation upwards. Ex-
pectoration. See, also, Repurgatio.
Anacatharsis Catarbhalis Simplex, Ca-
tarrh.
ANACATHARTICUS, Expectorant.
ANACESTOS, Incurable.
ANACHREMPSIS, E.xspuition.
ANACHRON, Soda.
ANACINEMA, Anabole, Exspuition.
ANACINESIS, Anabole, Exspuition.
ANACLASIS. Repercussion.
ANACLINTE'RIUM. Anadin'tmm, liecuhi-
to'rium, from uva/cAivn), ' I recline.' A long chair
or seat, so formed that the person can rest in a
reclining posture.
ANACLINTKUM, Anaclinterium.
ANACOLLE'MA, from ava, 'together, and
KoWuui, ' I glue' A healing medicine.
Anacoi-i.kmata, FrontJil bandages.
ANACOLUP'PA. A creeping plant ot Mala-
bar, the juice of which, mixed with powdered
pepper, passes in India as a cure for epilepsy,
and as the only remedy for the bito of the naja.
It is supposed to be Zapa'nia nodi/lo'ra.
ANA COL UTIIIE, Incoherence.
ANACOMIDE, Restauratio.
ANACONCHYLIASMUS, Gargarism.
ANACONCIIYLISMUS, Gargarism.
ANACTESIS, Restauratio.
ANACTIRION, Artemisia.
ANACYCLEOiN, Charlatan.
ANACYCLUS OFFICINARUM, see Anthe-
mis Pyrethrum — a. Pyrethrum, Anthemis pyre-
thrum.
ANADESMUS, Fascia.
ANADIPLO'SIS, from ava, 'again,' and JtirXou,
'I double.' Epniiadiplo'sis, Epanale]/si^, Bedii-
pllca'tio. The redoubling which occurs in a
paroxysm of an intermittent, when its type is
double. — Galen, Alexander of Tralles,
ANADORA, Ecdora.
ANAD'OSIS, from avaSiSuiiit, 'I give up.'
Purgation upwards, as by vomiting. Congestion
of blood towards the upper parts of the body.
Anadonis seems also to have occasionally meant
chylification, whilst diadosis meant capillary nu-
trition, — Hippocrates, Galen.
ANAD'ROME, from ava, 'upwards,' and hpifih),
' I run.' The transport of a humour or pain from
a lower to an upper part. — Hippocrates. Also,
the globus hystericus. See Angone.
ANjEDOiVUS, from av, privative, and atioia,
'organs of generation.' A monster devoid of
sexual organs.
AN^MATOPOE'SIS, from a, av, privative,
'atixa, 'blood,' and ttouui, 'I make.' Impeded ur
obstructed htematosis.
ANjEMATO'SIS, AnJicBJnato'sis, from a, av,
privative, and 'aifta, 'blood.' Defective hasma-
tosis or preparation of the blood. Anaemia.
AN^'MIA, Exa'mia, Ana'masiH, Aiihce'mia,
Anhcp.malo'sia, Poli/anhw'niin, AncBiiio'sin, OlitjOi'-
mia, OligohoB'mia, Hiiprn'mia, HydnxB'min, Hy-
drce'mia, Aiie'niia, (F.) Anemie, Aiihemic, Anlii-
matoeie,Poli/anheinie, Hijdrolieinie, Exxanyiiin'itif,
Blood' lessness : from u, priv., and 'aifia, 'blood.'
Privation of blood ; — the opposite to plethora. It
is characterized by every sign of debility. Also,
diminished quantity of fluids in the capillary ves-
sels : — the opposite to Hyperamia. — The essential
character of the blood in anaemia is diminution
in the ratio of red corpuscles.
AN^'MIC, Anem'ie, Ana'micus ; same ety-
mon. Appertaining or relating to ana?mia, — as
an "«»<BHn'c person." See Exsanguious.
ANtEMOCH'ROUS, from a, av, privative, 'aijia,
' blood,' and xi'°'^> ' colour.' Devoid of colour,
pale.
ANiEMOSIS, Ana?mia.
AN^MOT'ROPHY, AncBmotroph'in : from av,
privative, -aifxa, 'blood,' and Tpoipn, •'nourish-
ment.' A deficiency of sanguineous nourishment.
— -Prout.
ANiEMYDRTA, Anhydramia.
ANiESTHE'SIA, Anasthe'ais, Insensibil'itai,
Analge'sia, Parap sis expers, (F.) Anesthesie ;
from a, privative, and ataOavoiiat, ' 1 feel.' Pri-
vation of sensation, and especially of that of
touch, according to some. It may be general or
partial, and is almost always symptomatic.
An^sthksia GusTAToniA, Agcustia — a. Lin-
guae, Ageustia— a. Olfactoria, Anosmia— a. Optic,
Amaurosis.
ANiESTHESIS, Ana-sthesia.
1 AN^STHET'IC, Ancsthet'ic, Anasthet'kut^
AN^ESTIIETIZATION
67
ANAPNOE
fF.) AnenlJieaique ; same etymon, as Anantheiia.
Iloliiting t(j privation of feeling, as an " (iiiwxlhetic
agent;" one that prevents feeling. The term is,
now, almost rustrieted to agents, which produce
such ell'ect by being received into the lungs in
the form of vapours or gases, and passing with
the blood to the nervous centres on which their
action is exerted. Perhaps, as a general rule,
the intcllectuiil faculties first feel their influence,
— a sort of intoxication supervening, with imper-
fect power of regulating the movements ; the
sensory ganglia become afterwards or simulta-
neously affected, sensation and motion arc
suspended, and ultimately, if the quantity in-
haled be sufficient, the medulla oblongata has its
actions suspended or destroyed, respiration ceases,
and death is the consequence. Different agents
have been used as ansBsthetics by way of inhala-
tion — sulphuric ether, chloroform, chloric ether,
compound ether, chlorohydric and nitric ethers,
bisulphuret of carbon, chloride of olefiant gas,
benzin, aldehyde, light coal-tar naphtha, <fcc. ;
but the first four are alone employed. They have
been, and are, greatly used in serious surgical
operations, and during parturition; and in such
cases, as well as in many diseases, especially of a
painful nature, produce the most beneficial results.
AN.E.STIIETIZA'TION, (F.) AneHthetlmtion;
same etymon. The condition of the nervous sys-
tem induced by anaesthetics.
ANAGAL'LIS, from ava, and ya\a, 'milk,'
from its power of coagulating milk. A.arven'sis
A. Ph<pnic"en, Med Piin'pernel, Scarlet Pimper-
vel, S'/i'pherd'H Snii-didl. Nat. Ord. Primulaceae.
»SV.r. Sjnt. Pentandria Monogynia. (F.) Mourou
roiKje. A common European plant; a reputed
antispasuiodio and stomachic.
Another species — Anaijal'lis caru'lea is a mere
variety of the above.
Anarallis Aquatioa, Veronica Beccabunga.
ANAUARGALICTON, Gargarism.
ANAGARGARrSMUS, Gargarism.
ANAGARGARLSTON, Gargarism.
ANA(tLYPHE, Calamus scriptorius.
' ANAGNOSTAKIS, see Ophthalmoscope.
ANAGOGE, Anabole, Rejection.
ANAGRAPHE, Prescription.
ANAG'YRIS, Anag'yris fue'tida, Anag'yrus,
Ac'opov, Stinkitig Bean Trefoil. (F.) Anngyre,
from avfiyio. ' I lead upwards' [ ? ]. Native of Italy.
The leaves are powerfully purgative. The juice
is said to be diuretic, and the seeds emetic. — Di-
oscoriiles, Paulus.
ANAGYRUS, Anagyris.
ANAL, Ana' I is. That which refers to the
anus ; — as Anal region, <tc.
ANAL'DIA, (F.) Analdie ; from a, av, priva-
tive, and aMuv, 'to grow.' Defective nutrition.
AXALEMSIA, Analepsia.
ANALENTIA, Analepsia.
ANALEP'SIA, Analep'sis, Analen'tia, Ana-
lem'nia, from ava, 'fresh,' and Xa/i/iawiv. (future
X»;'|o/<"i.) 'to take.' Restoration to strength after
disease. — Galen. A kind of sympathetic epilepsy,
originating from gastric disorder. See Epilepsy.
Also, the supi)ort given to a fractured extre-
mity ; — Appen'sio. — Hippocrates.
ANALEPSIS, Convalescence, Restauratio.
ANALEP'TICA, Anapoi/n'tica, Psi/e}!ol'ica,
Refeeti'vn, Rejicien'tia, liestanrun'tia, Analep'-
tiea, same et.ymon. Rentorative medicines or
food ; such as are adapted to recruit the strength
during convalescence; — as sago, salep, tapioca,
jelly. Ac.
AxALKPTic Pills, James's, consist o{ James's
Powdir, Gnm Aminouiacnm, and Pills of Aloes
and Miirrh, equal parts, with Tincture of Castor,
sufBcient to form a mass.
ANALGE'SIA, Anal'gia, from a, av, priv., and
a\yoi, 'pain.' Absence of pain both in health
and disease. See Anaesthesia.
ANALGIA, Analgesia.
AN'ALOGUE, Anal'ogus ; from ava, 'again,'
and Xoyof, 'a description.' A part in one orga-
nized being which has the same function as an-
other part in another organized being.
ANALOGOUS TISSUES, see Tissues.
ANALOSIS, Atrophy.
ANALTESIS, Restauratio.
ANALTIIES, Incurable.
ANAMIRTA COCCULUS, Menispermura coo-
culus — a. Peniculata, Menispermum cocculus.
ANAMNES'TIC, Anamnes'ticnm, from ava,
'again,' and infivriaKii), ' I remember.' A medi-
cine for improving the memory. See, also, Com-
memorative.
ANANAS, Bromelia ananas — a. Aculeata, Bro-
melia ananas — a. Americana, Bromelia pinguin
— a. Ovata, Bromelia ananas — Wild, broad-
leaved, Bromelia pinguin.
ANANAZIP'TA. A word formerly scrawled
on amulets to charm away disease.
ANANDRI'A, from «, av, privative, and avttp,
'a man.' Want of manliness. Impotence in the
male. The state and act of emasculation.
ANANEO'SIS, Renova'tio ; from ava, 'again,'
and v£Of, 'new.' Renovation or renevval, — as of
the blood by the chyliferous vessels and lym-
phatics.
ANAPETI'A, Expan'sio mea'tttnm, from ava,
and TTCTau), ' I dilate.' A state opposite to the
closure of vessels. — Galen.
ANAPnALANTI'ASIS,^l»fTp^aZnw7(/»m,from
ava<p(iXavTiiii, ' bald.' Loss of the hair of the eye-
brows. Also, baldness in general.
ANAPIIALANTOMA, Anaphalantiasis.
ANAPHE, Anaphia.
ANAPH'IA, AnJinph'ia, An'aphe, from a, av,
priv., and 'atpr], 'touch.' Diminution or privation
of the sense of touch.
ANAPHLASMUS, Masturbation.
ANAPIIONE'SIS, from ava, 'high,' and 0wv7,
'voice.' Exercise of the voice: vociferalicm : —
the act of crving out. Vocifera'tio, Clamor.
ANAPHORA, Anabole.
ANAPHRODtS'IA, from a, priv., and A(l>po.
SiTT], 'Venus,' IJefec'tus Ven'eris. Absence of the
venereal appetite. Sometimes used for Impotence
and Stcrilit!/.
ANAPHRODTSIAC. Antaphrodisiac.
ANAPHROMELI. Mel despumatum.
ANAP'LASIS, Annplasin'iis, from avanXaaau),
' I restore.' Confirma'tio, Reposi"tio. Restora-
tion. Union or consolidation of a fractured bone.
— Hippocrates.
ANAPLASMATIC, Anaplastic.
ANAPLASMUS, Anaplasis.
ANAPLAS'TIC, Anaplas'ticns ; same etymon.
An epithet applied to the art of restoring lost
parts or the normal shape, — as 'Anaplastic Sur-
gery.' See Morioplastice. Also an agent, that
increases the amount of plastic matter — fibrin — •
in the blooil; Anaplasmat'ic.
ANAPLERO'SIS, from avanXijpo'^i (ava, and
jrXijpou',) 'I fill up.' Repleticm. That part of
surgical therapeutics whose object is to supply
parts that are wanting. Also, Apposition or
Prosthesis.
ANAPLEROTICUS. Incarnans.
ANAPLEU'SIS, FhiPtnn'tio, Innafa'tio, from
avoTtXctv, {ava and nXeu)), 'to swim above.' The
looseness or shaking of an exfoliated bone ; or of
a carious or other tooth, &c. — Hippocrates,
Paulus.
ANAPLOSIS. Growth.
ANAPNEUSIS, Respiration.
ANAPNOE, Respiration.
ANAPNOENUSI
58
ANATOMY
ANAPNOENU'SI, from anapnoe, 'respira-
tion,' and vovoos, disease.' Diseases of the re-
spiratory organs.
ANAPNO.METER, Spirometer.
ANAPODIrfIS UTERI, Rotroversio Uteri.
ANAl'ODIS.MUS UTERI. Ketroversio Uteri.
ANAPODOPilYLLUM CANADENSE, Podo-
phyllum peltatum.
ANAP'OSIS, Am'posis, from ava, 'again,' and
rocr(5, 'drink.' A recession of humours from the
circumference to the centre of the body. — Hippo-
crates.
ANAPSE, Auante.
ANAPSIA, Cajcitas.
ANAPSYCTICA. Analeptica.
ANAPTYSIS, Expectoration.
ANAPTYXIS, Growth.
ANARCOTINA, Narcotine.
ANARRHEGNU'MINA, from avappvyvt'h 'I
break out again.' Fractures are so called when
they become disunited; as well as ulcers when
they break out afresh.
ANARRHI'NON, from ava, 'upwards,' and
piv, ' the nose.' That which returns by the nose.
— Gorraeus.
According to others, that which issues by the
skin ; from ava, and pivog, ' the skin.'
ANARRHINUM, Sternutatory.
ANARRHCE'A, Auar' rhoe,An<n-rho' pia, Anas'-
tanis, from ava, ' upwards,' and peot, ' I flow. Af-
flux of fluid towards the upjior part of the body.
ANARRHOPIIK, Absorption.
A N A R R H P H E N U'S I, from anarrhophe,
' absorption,' and vovaos, ' disease.' Diseases of
the absorbents.
ANARRHOPHESIS, Absorption.
ANARRUOPIA, Anarrhoea.
ANAR'TIIRUS, from av, priv. and ap&pov, 'a
joint.' Without a joint. One who is so fat that
his joints are scarcely perceptible. — Hippocrates.
ANASAR'CA, from ava, ' through,' and aap^,
aapKos, ' the flesh.' Anasarch'o, Catasar'co,
Aqua intercus sou inter cuteni, Hypuhur'cn, Uy-
diopH cellnla'rin toti'iis cor'pnris, H. Anasar' -
ca seu inter'cH8 seu suhcuta' nena seu ceUulo'mis seu
cula'neus seu tela cellulo'scB, Kataaar'ca, Episar-
cid'ium, Hy'deroa, Hydaton'cus, Hyderon'ctis,
Jlydron'cuH, Hydrosar'ca, Hydroder' ma, Hydrojj' -
isin vera, Sitr' cites, Poly/yin'phia, Ilypoearcid'iue,
Leucophlegma' tia, General dropsy, Dropny of the
cellular membrane, (F.) Ana»urque. Commonly,
it begins to manifest itself by swelling around the
ankles ; and is characterized by tumefaction of
the limbs and of the soft parts covering the ab-
domen, thorax, and even the face, with paleness
and dryness of the skin, and pitting when any
of these (especially the ankles) are pressed upon.
Like dropsy in general. Anasarca may be active
or passive ; and its treatment must be regulated
by the rules that are applicable to general dropsy.
At times, the symptoms are of an acute character,
and the efl'usion sudden, constituting Derma-
toch'ysis, Hydrops Anasar' ca acu'tus, CEde'ma
cal'idum, (E. acu'tuvi, CE./ebri'le of some. See
Hydrops.
Anasarca Hystericum, Anathymiasis — a.
Pulmonum Hydropneumonia, Q5dema of the
Lungs — a. Serosa, Phlegmatia dolens.
ANASARCHA. Anasarca.
AXASAKQI'E, Anasarca.
ANASISMUS, Concussion.
ANASPADIA, see Anaspadiaeus.
ANASPA'DIAS, Epispa'dias, from ava, 'up-
wards,' and airaiii, ' I draw.' One whose urethra
opens on the upper surface of the penis.
ANASPADISIS, see Anaspadiaeus.
ANASPADI8MUS, see Anaspadiaeus.
ANAS'PASIS, Anaspasm'us, from avatr-raoi, 'I
contract.' Retrac'tio, Contraction, especially of
the bowels. The condition is called Annspa'dia,
Annspad'isis, and ^)ia«;j«(/i«'»ti(8.— Hippocrates.
ANASPASMUS, Anaspasis.
ANASSA, Bronielia ananas.
ANASTALTICA, Styptics.
ANA8TASIS, Anarrhoea. Also, restoration
from sickness. Convalescence.
ANASTCECHEIO'SIS, from ava, 'again,' and
iTToix^ov, 'element.' Jieelementa'tio. Resolu-
tion of a body or its parts into their elements. —
Galen.
ANASTOMO'SIS, from ava, 'with,' and aropa,
'a mouth.' Inoscnla'tio seu Iteu'nio vaso'nim,
Exanastomo'sia, Concur'aus, (F.) Ahouchement.
Communication between two vessels. By con-
sidering the nerves to be channels, in which a
nervous fluid circulates, their communication like-
wise has been called Anastomosis. By means of
anastomoses, if the course of a fluid be arrested
in one vessel, it can proceed along others.
Anastomosis Aneurissiatica, Telangiectasia
— a. Jaeohson's, see Petrosal ganglion.
ANASTOMOT'IC, Anastomot' icus, (F.) Anas-
tomotique. Same etjiiion as anastomosis. Be-
longing or relating to anastomosis.
AJSTASTOMOT'ICS, ^)insto»!o«'jcfr. Same ety-
mon. Certain medicines were formerly so called,
which were believed to be capable of opening tho
mouths of vessels, as asperients, diuretics, etc.
ANASTOMOT'ICUS MAGNUS (RAMUS),
(F.) Artere collaterale interne, A. collaterale d>t
coude, is a branch of the brachial artery, which
comes off a little above the elbow, and bestows
branches to the brachialis internus, to the under
edge of the triceps, and to the muscles, ligaments,
etc, about the elbow joint. See, also. Articular
arteries of the knee.
ANASTROPHE UTERI, Inversio uteri.
ANATASIS, Extension.
ANATHEMA, TaVmla votiva.
ANATHERIUM MURICATUM, Andropogon
muricatus.
ANATIIOMIA. Anatomy.
ANATIIYMIAMA, Anathymiasis.
ANATHYMFASIS, Anat'hymiama, from ava,
'upwards,' and Bvfia, 'fumigation.' (Ede'mn fu-
gax, CEde'ma spas'ticum, (Ede'mn hyster'icnm,
Anasar'ca hyster'icnm. An uncertain and tran-
sient swelling or inflation, said to have been ob-
served at times in nervous and hysterical per-
sons. It also means Exhalation, Fumigation, and
Hypochondriasis.
ANATOLE UNGUIUM, see Nail.
ANATOME, Anatomy — a. Animata, Physio-
logy.
ANATOMIA, Anatomy — a. Aniraalis, Zootomy
— a. Comparata, Zootomy — a. Comparativa, Zo-
otomy — a. Viva, Physiology.
ANAT03IIE, Anatomy — a. Chirurgicale, see
Anatomy — a. des Regions, see Anatomy.
ANAT'OMISM, Anatomism' us. Same etymon
as Anatomy. The doctrine of those who look
into the arrangement of parts, to explain all the
phenomena of the organism.
ANAT'OMIST, Anatom'icns. One who occu-
pies himself with anatomy. One versed in ana-
tomy.
Pi-T^ A.T' OWY , Anat' ome, Anntoni' ia ,Anatliom' in,
Prosec'tio, from ava, and Ttpvtiv, 'to cut,' (F.)
Anatomic. The viotCl Anatomy properly signifies
dissection; but it has been appropriated to the
study and knowledge of the number, shape,
situation, structure, and connection — in a word,
of all the apparent properties of organized bodies.
Anatomy is the science of organization. Some
have given the term a still more extended accep-
tation, applying it to every mechanical decom-
position, even of inorganic bodies. Thus, Crys-
tallography has been termed the Anatomy of
ANATON
59
ANCUBITUS
crystallized minerals. Anatomy has also been
called Murphiil'ofjy, Somatol'otji/, Somatot'omy,
Orijannl'oijy, etc. It assumes dififerent names,
fii'cordiiig as the study is confined to one organ-
izc'il being, or to a species or class of beings.
Thus, Aiidrot'omy, or Atithropot'omy, or Anthro-
])"!/' ra phi/, or AnthropouomatoV o(jy, is the Ana-
tiiiiiy t)J Mun; ZijiJtoini/, that of the other species
of the animal kingdom; and Vet'erimvij AnaV-
oiiiy is the anatomy of domestic animals; but
wlien the word is used abs^tractly, it means Hu-
mtin Anatomy, and particularly the study of
the organs in a physiological or healthy state.
PliyKU)li>fj"!cal Anatomy is occasionally used to
signify the kind of anatomy which investigates
structure with a special view to function. The
Anatomy of the diseased human body is called
l'ath(il(>(i"l(:al or Moihid Anatomy, and when ap-
plied to Medical Jurisprudence, Foren'sie Anat-
omy. Several of the organs possessing a simi-
larity of structure, and being formed of the same
tissues, they have been grouped into Systems or
Genera of Organs; and the study of, or acquaint-
ance with, such systems, has been called General
Anat'omy, Histol'ogy, or Jforphot'omy, whilst the
study of each organ in particular has been termed
Descriptive Anatomy, Anthropomorphol'oyy. Hie-
toloyy is, however, more fre((uently applied to
the Anatomy of the Tissnen, which is called, also,
7'ex'tural and jVicroscop'ic Anatomy, Micrano-
tom.'ia, see Histology. Descriptive Anatomy has
been divided into Skeletol'oyy, which comprises
OnteoVoiyy and Syndesmol'ofiy ; and into Sarcol'-
oijij, which is subdivided into MyoVoriy, NeuroV-
oijy, Angiol'o(fy, Adenol'orjy, Splanchnol'or/y, and
JJcrmol'ogy. ^ur'gical Anat'omy, J fedico-Chirurgi-
cal Anat'omy, Topograph' ical Anat'omy, Re'gional
Anat'omy, (F.) Anatomie Chirurgicale, A. dea Re-
gions, is the particular and relative study of the
bones, muscles, nerves, vessels, etc., with which
it is indispensable to be acquainted before per-
forming operations. Cumpar'ative Anat'omy is
the comparative study of each organ, with a view
to an acquaintance with the modifications of its
structure in different animals or in the diff'erent
classes of animals. Transcendent' al or Philosoph'-
ieal Anatomy inquires into the mode, plan, or
model upon which the animal frame or organs
are formed; and Artiji'cial Anat'omy is the art
of modelling and representing, in wax or other
substance, the different organs or diff'erent parts
of the human body, in the sound or diseased state.
Phytot'omy is the anatomy of vegetables, and
Picto'rial Anatomy, anatomy artistically illus-
trated.
Anatomy, see Skeleton — a. Artificial, see Ana-
tomy — a. Comparative, see Anatomy, Zootomy —
a. Descriptive, see Anatomy — a. Forensic, see
Anatomy — a. General, see Anatomy — a. Human,
sec Anatomy — a. of Man, see Anatomy — a. Me-
dico-Chirurgical, see Anatomy — a. Microscopic,
see Anatomy — a. Morbid, see Anatomy — a. Path-
ological, see Anatomy — a. Pathological, micros-
copic, see Histology — a. Philosophical, see Ana-
tomy — a. Physiological, see Anatomy — a. Picto-
rial, sec Anatomy — a. Practical, see Dissection —
a. Regional, see Anatomy — a. Surgical, see Ana-
tomy—a. Te.xtural, see Anatomy — a. Topogra-
phical, see Anatomy — a. Transcendental, see
Anatomy — a. Veterinary, see Anatomy.
ANATON, Soda.
ANATREPSIS, Restauratio.
AN.ATRESIS. Perforation, Trepanning.
ANATRIBE. Friction.
AN.VTRIP.-^I.^. Friction.
ANATRIPSOL'OGY, AnatripaoIog"ia, Ana-
triptolog" ia, from avurfxi/if, 'friction,' and Aoyos,
<a discourse.' * "" "
medy.
A treatise on friction as
ANATRIPTOLOGIA, Anatripsology.
ANATRON,_Natrum, Soda.
ANAT'ROPE, from ava, 'upwards,' and rptnu,
'I turn.' Subver.-'ion. A turning or subver-
sion or inverted action of the stomach, charac-
terized by nausea, vomiting, etc. — Galen. We
still speak of the stomach turning against any
thing.
ANAUDIA, Catalepsy, Mutitas.
ANAXYRIS, Rumex acetosa.
ANAZESIS. Ebullition.
ANAZOTURIA, see Urine.
ANCHA, Haunch.
ANCHILOPS, .Egilops.
ANCHONE, Angone.
ANCHORALIS PROCESSUS, Coracoid.
ANCHUSA ANGUSTIFOLIA, A. Oflieinalia
— a. Incarnata, A. Officinalis — a. Lycopsoides, A.
Officinalis.
Anchu'sa Officinalis, A. Angustifo'lia seu
Tncarna'ta seu Lycopso'i'des, Alca'na, Lingua
BoviD, Buglos'snm aylves'tre, Offic"tnal or Garden.
Al'kanet or Bngloss, (Old Eng ) Langdehef ; Ord.
Boragineae. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia.
(F.) Bnglosc. A native of Great Britain. The
herb was formerly esteemed as a cordial in me-
lancholia and hypochondriasis; but it is now
rarely used. It is also called Bnglos'sa, Bvglos'-
sum angnsti/o'lium majus, B. vutga're majus, B.
eati'vum. '
Anchu'sa Tincto'ria, Alean'na spn'ria, Dyer's
liiigloss, Ane'bium, Buglos'sum Tincto'rnm, Li-
thosjier'mnm viUo'sum, Dyer's Al'kanet, (F.) Or-
eanette. A European plant. The medical pro-
perties are equivocal. It is used to give a beau-
tiful red colour to ointments.
ANCHYLOSIS, Ankylosis,
ANCISTRON, Hamulus.
ANCLE, Astragalus, Malleolus.
ANGLER, Malleolus.
ANCLET, Malleolus.
ANCLIFF, Malleolus.
ANCLOWE, Malleolus.
ANCOLIE, Aquilegia vulgaris.
ANCON, Elbow, Olecranon.
ANCONAD, see Anconal Aspect.
ANCONAGRA, Pechyagra.
ANCO'NAL, from ayKi^v, 'the elbow.' Rela-
ting, or appertaining to the elbow orthe olecranon.
Anconal Aspect. An aspect towards the side
on which the ancon or elbow is situated. — Bar-
clay. Anco'nad is used by the same writer ad-
verbially, to signify 'towards the anconal aspect.'
ANCONE, Anconeus.
ANCONE'US, from ayxi^v, 'the elbow.' A term
once applied to every muscle attached to the ole-
cranon. Winslow distinguished four — the great,
external, internal, and small ; the first three being
portions of the same muscle, the triceps hrachia-
lis. The last has, alone, retained the name. It
is the Ancone'ns minor of Winslow, the Ancone'na
seu Cnhita'lis Riola'ni of Douglas, the Epicon-
dylo-Cuhita'lis of Chaussier, the Brevis Cii'biti,
(F.) Ancone, and is situate at the upper and back
part of the fore-arm. It arises from the external
condyle of the os humeri, and is inserted into
the posterior edge of the upper third of the ulna.
Its use is to aid in the extension of the fore-arm.
Anconeus Externus, see Triceps extensor
cubiti— a. Internus, see Triceps extensor cubiti
— a. Major, see Triceps extensor cubiti.
ANCTE'RES. Fibula; or Clasjjs by which
the lips of wounds were formerly kept together.
— Celsus, Galen.
ANCTERIASMUS, Infibulation.
ANCU'BITUS, Petrifac'tio. An aff'ection of
the eye, in which there is a sensation as if sand
were irritating the organ.
ANCUNNUENT.E
60
ANEMONE DBS BO IS
ANCUNNUEN'T.E. A name formerly given
to raenstruatins; fem:iles.
ANGUS, Anlnm. from ayKh>v, 'the elbow.' One
■who cannot extend his arms completely.
Also, the deformity resulting from a luxation
of the humerus or fore-arm. — Hippocrates.
ANCYLE. Ankylosis.
ANCYLOBLEPIIARON, Ankyloblepharon.
AXrYLOCHETLIA, Ankylocheilia.
AXCYLOCOLPUS, Colpatresia.
A XC YL no n E, AnUylocore.
ANOYLODER E, Torticollis.
AXCYLODERIS. Torticollis.
ANCYLODONTTA, Ankylodontia.
ANCYLOOLOSSIA, Ankyloglossia.
ANCYLOMELE, Ankyloraele.
ANCYLOMERISMUS, Ankylomerismus.
ANCYLORRHINIA, Ankylorrhinia.
ANCYLOSIS, Ankylosis.
ANCYLOTIA. Ankylotia.
ANCYLOTOMUS, Ankylotomus.
ANCYRA. Hook.
ANCYROID CAVITY. Digital cavity.
ANCYROIDES PROCESSUS, Coracoid.
AND, Breath.
ANDA. Native name of a tree of Brazil —
Aiidn Gome'sii seu Brasilieu'sis sen de Pinon,
Aiidimmi, Anda-arii, Joniine'aia prtnceps. Ord.
EuphorbiaceiB. Sex. Si/sf. Monoecia Monadel-
phia. An oil — Oil of Aiida — is obtained from
the seeds by pressure, 50 to 60 drops of which
act as a cathartic. The fruit is an oval nut,
containing two seeds. These have the taste of
the chestnut; but are strongly cathartic, and
even emetic. The shell is astringent, and is
used Hs such in diarrhoea, etc.
ANDE, Breath.
ANDELY, MINERAL "WATERS OF. An-
dely is in France, near Gysore, and eight leagues
from Rouen. The water is cold, and a weak cha-
lybeate. It is used in chlorosis and abdominal
obstructions.
ANDERSON'S PILLS, see Pilulae Aloes et
Jalapre.
ANDTRA IBAI, Geoffraea Vermifuga — a. In-
crmis, Geoffrsea inermis — a. Racemosa, Geoffraea
inermis — a. Surinamensis, Geoffraa Surinamen-
sis.
ANDRACHAHARA, Sempervivura tectorum.
ANDRACHNE, Arbutus unedo, Portulaca.
ANDRALOGOMELE, from ai^vp, avlpo;, 'a
man,' a, priv., ^^uyog, 'reason,' and /iriXov, 'a do-
niestic animal.' A name given by Malacarne to
a monster in which he supposed the presence of
the body of a miin with the limbs of a brute.
ANDRANATOM'IA, Andranat'ome, Andro-
tnm'ia, Aiidrot'ome, Anthropot'omy, from avrip,
penitive avhpoi, 'a man,' and Ttpvuv, 'to cut.'
The anntomy of man.
ANDRI'A. Adult age. Manhood.
Andri'a Mu'lier, MuUer Hermaphrodit'ica.
A female hermaphrodite.
ANDROGEN'IA.from avnQ,av^pog, 'a man, 'and
ycvcaii, 'generation.' The procreation of males.
— Hippocrates.
ANDROG"YNUS, from avvp, avhpot, 'a man,'
and yvvn, 'a woman.' A hermaphrodite. An
efl'eminMte person. — Hippocrates.
ANDROLEPSIA, Conception.
ANDROMANIA, Nymphomania.
ANDROM'EDA ARBO'REA, Sorrel Tree,
Sour Tree, Sour Wood, Elk Tree, Elk Wood,
Sorrel Wood, Sour Leaf, (F.) Audromede, Andro-
medier. A small indigenous tree ; Ord. Erica-
ceae, Sex. Sijst. Deeandria Monogynia; found in
the Alleghany mountains and the hills and val-
leys diverging from them, as far as the .southern
limits of Georgia and Alabama; but seldom north
of Virginia. The sour leaves are refrigerent and
astringent, and have been used to make a kmd
of lemonade, which has been given in fevers.
AuDROMKDA Makia'na, Broad-haved Moor-
loort, Kill-lnmh, Lomh KUhr, Star/'/'rhiisIi. A
decoction of this American plant is said to havo
been successfully employed as a wash, in a dis-
agreeable afTection — not uncommon amongst the
slaves in the southern parts of the United States
— called the Toe Itch, and Ground Itch. — Barton.
Andromeda Nit'ida, Sonrwood, Sorrel tree,
indigenous; has properties similar to those of
A. arborea.
ANDROPOGON BICORNIS, Junctus odoratus
— a. Calamus aromaticus, see Oleum graminis In-
dici — a. Citratus, Junctus odoratus — a. Citriodo-
rus, Junctus odoratus, Nardus Indica.
Andropo'gon Murica'tus, {avnp, avipoi, 'a,
man,' and viayuv, 'a beard.') A. aqunrro'sua,
Phnl'aris ziznno'i'des, Agron'tis vert i cilia' ta, Ana-
the'rum murica'lum, Vetlve'ria odora'ta, \ ittie-
vayr, Ciiatus, Khus-Khm ; Nat. Ord. Gramineae.
The root of this plant, from Bombay, is aromatic
and bitterish. It is used as a perfume. It has
been used as an excitant and diaphoretic.
Andropogon Nardus, Calamus Alexandrinus,
Nardus Indica — a. Schoenanthus, Junctus odora-
tus — a. Squarrosus, A. Muricatus.
ANDROSACE, Umbilicus marinus— a. Mat-
thioli. Umbilicus marinus.
ANDROSiEMUM, Hypericum perforatum.
ANDROTOMY, Andranatomia.
ANDRUM. An East India word, latinized
by Kaimpfer, signifying a kind of elephantiasis
of the scrotum, endemic in southern Asia.
ANEANTISSEMENT (F.), Vir'ium extinc'.
tio. This word is often employed hyperbolically,
by patients in France, to signify excessive fatigue,
debility or syncope.
ANEBIUM, Anchusa tinctoria.
ANEBUS, Impuber.
ANECPYE'TUS, from av, for nvev, 'without,'
and TTvto), ' I promote suppuration.' That which
does not suppurate, or is not likely to suppurate.
ANEGER'TICA, from aveyeipw (ava and cytipu),
'1 awaken.' The art of resuscitating the appa-
rently dead.
ANEILE'MA, Aneile'sis, from avu\e.a {ava and
eiXew), ' I roll up.' Applied particularly to the
motion of .air in the intestines and the tormina
accompanying it. — Hippocrates.
ANEILESIS, Aneilema.
ANEMIA, Anaemia.
ANEMO'NE, Wind Flotcer: from avepos, 'the
wind,' because it does not open its flowers until
blown upon by the wind.
ANEMONE DES BOIS, Anemone nemorosa.
Anemone Collina, A. Pulsatilla — a. Hepatica,
Hepatica triloba — a. Intermedia, A. Pulsatilla.
Anemone Ludoviciana, A. patens.
Anemo'nb Nemoro'sa, Ramui'cuhis alhus seu
nemero'sns, Wood Anemo'iiy. (F.) Anemone des
bois. Ocrf. Ranunculaceae. The herb and flowers
are poisonous, acrid, and corrosive. They have
been used as rubefpcients.
Anemo'ne Patens, A. Lndovieia'na, Puhatil'~
la patens; indigenous: from Illinois and Wis-
consin to the Rocky Mountains, is supposed to
possess similar properties.
ANEMO'Nii Praten'sis, A. Sylvcs'trig, Puhatil'.
la ni'gricans seu praten'sis. This plant has si-
milar properties with the last. It is also called
Meadow Anemony, (F.) Pulaatille noire, P. des
pres.
Anemo'ne Pdlsatil'la, A. Colli' na seu Inter.
me'dia seu Praten'sis seu liuhra, Pulsatil'la
vulgaris, Herha ventis, Nola culina'ria, Pasqne
flower, (F.)Cor]uelourde, possesses like properties.
Anemone Rubra, A. Pratensis— a. Rue-leaved,
ANEMONY
61
ANEURISM
Thalictrum anemonoides— a, Sylvestris, A. Pra-
tensis.
ANEMONY, Anemone hepatica — a. Meadow,
Anemone iiraten.sis — a.Wood, Anemone nemorosa.
AN HMOS, Wind.
ANENCEIMIALIA, see Anencephalus.
ANENCEPlIALOII^E'MIAJromav.privative,
tyxeipfiXus, 'cncephalon,' and aijua, ' blood.' De-
lect of blood in the bruin. Syncope.
ANENCEl'HALONEU'RIA, Atiencephalo-
nei'via, from ar, priv., tyKtipaUi, ' encephalon,'
and vivjiov, ' nerve.' Want of nervous action in
the encephalon.
ANENCEIMIALOTROPH'IA, from av, priva-
tive, {y>c£(/)aXof, ' the encephalon,' and rpoifjj, 'nou-
rishment.' Atrophy of the encephalon.
ANENCEPII'ALUS, from ap, privative, and
cyKt<pa\os, 'brain.' A monster devoid of brain.
— Bonctus, G. St. Hilaire. Also, one that has a
part only of the brain ;—Paraceph'alu8. The con-
dition has been called Auettcejihal'ia. A weak,
silly person. — Hippocrates.
ANENERGESIA, Debility.
ANENEIKJIA, Debility.
AXEXTERONEliVIE SATURNINE, see
Palsy, lead.
ANEPISCIIESIS, Incontinentia.
ANEPITIIYM'IA, from av, priv., and nri^vyna,
'desire.' Many nosologists have used this word
for a loss of the appetites, as of those of hunger,
thirst, venery, &c.
Anrpithymia Chlorosi.s, Chlorosis.
ANEK, avrip, genitive avSpos. A man.
ANERETllIS'IA, Ininitabil'!tns, from av,
priv., and £/)£0((7(j, 'irritability.' Defect of irrita-
bility. — Swediaur.
ANER V ISM IE, Paralysis.
ANERYTIIROP'SIA, from av, priv,, tpv^poi,
'red,' and oi/ij, 'vision.' Defective vision, which
consists in an incapability of distinguishing red.
ANESIS, Remission.
ANESTHEHIE, Anaesthesia.
ANESrilESIE EXT A TIQ (IE. The aggre-
gate of phenomena of impaired feeling produced
especially by the manipulations of the animal
magnetizer. — Andral.
ANESTHETIC, Anaesthetic.
ANESTHESIQUE, Anresthetic.
ANESTHETIZATION, Anaesthetization.
ANESON, Anethum.
ANESUM, Pimpiuella anisum.
ANET, Anethum.
ANETH, Anethum graveolens.
ANE'THUM, Ane'soH, Ane'ton, Ane'thiim Fce-
nic'uliim seu Sege'tuin seu Piperi'ttim, Fceiiic'ii-
lum, F. Dulce seu Officinale seu vulya're, Ligus'-
ticum faiiic' tilnm, Fan'culitm, Fennel or Finclde,
Miir'athrnm, Anet, Sweet Fennel, (Prov.) Spingel,
(P.) Fenouil ou Anis dour. Old. Umbelliferaj.
Sex. Si/st. Pentandria Digynia. The fruit, Fce-
nic'ulitin (Ph.U. S.), has an aromatic odour, and
warm, sweetish taste. It is carminative. The oil
— Oleum Fanic'uli — is officinal in the Ph. U. S.
The root is said to be pectoral and diuretic.
Anethum Fcexiculum, Anethum.
Anethum Ghavkot.ens, Anethum, A. horten'se,
Pastina'cit Anethum seu Graveolens, Fer'ula Gra-
veolens, Dill, (F.) Aneth, Fenouil pnant. A na-
tive of the south of Europe. The seeds are sti-
mulant and carminative. A distilled water —
Aqua ane'thi, Dill-icater — is officinal in the Lon-
don and Edinburgh Pharmacopoeias. Dose, gr.
XV to 3J.
Oleum Ane'thi, Oil of Dill, (F.) Huile d' Aneth,
possesses the carminative properties of the plant.
Anethitm Pastinac-\, Pastinaca Sativa — a.
Piperituni, Anethum — a. Scgetum, Anethum.
ANETICUS, Anodyne.
ANETON, Anethum.
ANETUS, Intermittent fever — a. Quartanu?,
Quartan — a. Quotidianus, Quotidian — a. Tertia-
nus, Tertian fever.
ANEURAL'GICON, from a, privative, vcvpov,
'nerve,' and aXyos, 'pain.' A name given by Dr.
C. T. Downing to an instrument used by him to
allay pain in nerves. It is a kind of fumigating
appiu-atus, in which dried narcotic and othe'r
herbs are burnt, the heated vapour being directed
to any part of the body.
ANEURIA, Paralysis.
AN'EVRlSyi, Aneurys' ma, Anetiri/n'mus, Aneu-
rie'mn, Cedmu, from afcvpvvetv, (ava, and cvfjvviiv,)
' to dilate or distend.' Dilnta'tio Arteria'rum,
Ecta'sia, Emborys'rna, Exuniji'a aueuris'ma, Ar-
terieurys'ma, Arterenrys'ma, Hamntoce'le arte-
rio'sa, Ahsces'sua apirituo'sus, Arteritc'tasis, (F.)
Anevrysme, Aneurisme. Properly, Aneurism sig.
nifies a tumour, produced by the dilatation of an
artery ; but it has been extended to various lesions
of arteries, as well ajs to dilatations of the heart.
There are various kinds of aneurism. The fol-
lowing are the chief:
I. When the blood, which forms the tumour, is
enclosed within the dilated coats of the artery.
This is the true Aneurism, Aneuryn' ma verum.
Hernia Arteria'rum, (F.) Anevrysme vrai.
II. When the blood has escaped from the
opened artery, it is called spurious or false
Aneurism, Aneuris'ma spu'rium, Ruptn'ra Arte'-
ricR, Arteriorrhex'is, Arteriodial'ysis, Ecchymo'-
ma arterio'sum, (F.) Anevrysme faux. The latter
is divided into three varieties:
1. Diffused False Aneurism, (P.) Anivrysme
faux, primitif, diffus, noncirconscrit ou par infil-
tration, which occurs immediately after the divi-
sion or rupture of an artery, and consists of an
extravasation of blood into the areolar texture
of the part.
2. Circumscribed False Aneurism, (F.) Anev-
rysme faux cousevutif circonscrit ou par epanche-
ment, enkystiow sacciforme, tumeur hemorrhagiale
circonscrite, in which the blood issues from the
vessel some time after the receipt of the wound,
and forms itself a sac in the neighbouring areolar
membrane.
3. An'eurism by Anastomo'sis, Yar'icose or Cir-
coid An'eurism, PhlebarteriodiaU ysis, Ancurys'-
ma veno' so-arterio' sum, A. varico'sum, (F. ) Anev-
rysme par anastomose ou variquenx, A. par ero-
sion, A. de Pott, A. des plus jtetites arterea, which
arises from the simultaneous wounding of an ar-
tery and vein; — the arterial blood passing into
the vein, and producing a varicose state of it.
III. Mixed Aneurism, {F.) Anevrysmemixte, is
that which arises from the dilatation of one or two
of the coats, with division or rupture of the other.
Some authors have made two varieties of this :
1. Mixed external Aneurism, where the internal
and middle coats are ruptured, and the areolar is
dilated.
2. Mixed internal Aneurism, in which the inter-
nal coat is dilated, and protrudes, like a hernial
sac, through the ruptured middle and outer coats.
This variety has been ca,\led Aneui-ya'tna Jler'niam
Arte'ricB sistens.
Aneurisms have been termed traumat'ic or ex-
og"enous, and sjjonta'netius, according as they may
have been caused by a wound, or have originated
spontaneously. The latter, when originating from
lesions of the inner coats of arteries, have been
termed endog"enous. They have also been di-
vided into internal and external.
The internal aneurisms are situate in the great
splanchnic cavities, and occur in the heart and
great vessels of the chest, abdomen, &c. Their
diagnosis is difiScult, and they are often inacces-
sible to surgical treatment.
ANEURISMA
62
ANGEIOrLANIA
The external aneurisms are situate at the exte-
rior of the head, neck, and limbs, and are dis-
tinctly pulsatory.
Aneurisms, especially the internal, may be
combated by a debilitaiit treatment, on the plan
of Valsalva, which consists in repeated blood-
letting, with food enough merely to support life.
In external aneurism, the artery can be oblite-
rated. This is usually done by applying a liga-
ture above the aneurismal tumour.
Aneuuis.m, Dissecting, is one in which, owing
to rupture of the inner and middle coats of an
artery, the blood makes itself a channel between
these coats and the outer coat.
In many cases, the lesion appears to consist in
a separation of the lamina of the middle coat,
between which the blood forms itself a channel.
Ankorisms of the Heart, Cardion'chi, Car-
dieurys'ma, (F.) Anivrysmes du cixur, have been
divided into active and passive. The former can
scarcely be esteemed aneurisms, as they most
commonly consist of increased thickness of the
parietes of the heart, which diminishes its cavity
instead of increasing it. The term Mi/pertrophy
of the heart better indicates their character.
Passive aneurism, Cardiec'tasis, on the contrary,
is attended with extenuation of the parietes of
the organ, and enlargement of the cavities. The
physical signs of dilatation of the heart are the
following : — The action of the heart is not visible,
and no impulse is conveyed to the hand. On
percussion, there is a loss of resonance over a
larger surface than usual, but the dulness is much
less intense than that which accompanies hyper-
trophy. On auscultation, the action of the heart
is only slightlj' felt, and communicates at once
the impression of its diminished power. The im-
pulse is feebler than usual. Both sounds are widely
transmitted over the thorax, and are not much
fainter at a distance from their point of origin.
Partial or true aneurism of the Heart — Cardi-
ec'tasis partia'lis, Aneurys'ma consecuti'vum cor-
dis — is sometimes seen ; rarely, however.
The name Aneurism of the Valves of the Heart
has been given to pouch-like projections of the
valves into the auricles.
Aneurism by Anastomosis, see Aneurism —
a. Brasdor's operation for, see Brasdor — a.
Circoid, see Aneurism — a. Endogenous, see
Aneurism, and Endogenous — a. Exogenous,
see Aneurism, and Exogenous — a. External,
see Aneurism — a. False, see Aneurism — a.
False, circumscribed, see Aneurism — a. False,
diffused, see Aneurism — a. Internal, see Aneurism
— a. Mixed, see Aneurism — a. Mixed, external,
see Aneurism — a. Mixed, internal, see Aneurism
— a. Spontaneous, see Aneurism — a. Spurious, see
Aneurism — a. Traumatic, see Aneurism — a. True,
see Aneurism — a. Valsalva's method of treating,
see Aneurism — a. Varicose, see Aneurism.
ANEURISMA, Aneurism.
ANEURIS'MAL, Aneurys'mal, Aneurismat'ic,
Aneurysmal' icus, Aneuriama' lis. That which be-
longs to Aneurism.
Aneurismal Sac or Cyst, (F.) Sac ou Kyste
anSvrysmal, is a sort of pouch, formed by the
dilatation of the coats of an artery, in which the
blood, forming the aneurismal tumour, is con-
tained.
ANEURISMATIC, Aneurismal.
ANEURYSM, Aneurism.
ANEURYSMA, Aneurism — a. Cordis activum.
Heart, hypertrophy of the — a, Herniam arteriae
sistens, see Aneurism — a. Si)urium, see Aneurism
— a. Varicosum, see Aneurism — a. Venoso-arte-
riosuin, see Aneurism — a. Verum, see Aneurism.
ANEURYSME, Aneurism.
ANEURYSMUS, Aneurism, Dilatation.
ANEVKIA, Paralysis.
ANEVRYSME, Aneurism — n. de V Aorta,
Aorteurysma — a. de Putt, see Aneurism— o. dea
plus petites Artires, see Aneurism — a. Circonscrit,
see Aneurism — a. Diffus, see Aneurism — a. En-
kyst^, see Aneurism — «. Faux, see Aneurism —
a. Faux consecutif, see Aneurism — a. Mixte, see
Aneurism — o. par Anastomose, see Aneuri^sm — a,
par Epanchement, see Aneurism — a.par Erosion,
see Aneurism — a. 2)<tr Infiltration, see Aneurism
— n. Primitif, see Aneurism — a. Sacciforme, see
Aneurism — a. Variqueux, see Aneurism — a. Vrai,
see Aneurism.
ANEYS, see Pimpinclla anisum.
ANFION, Maslach. ^ ,
ANFUACTUOSITES CEREBRALES, An-
fractuosities, cerebral — a. Ethmo'idales, see An-
fractuosity.
ANFRACTUOS'ITY'', Anfrac'tus, Sulcus, from
am, 'around,' iinilfrangere,fractum, 'to break.'
A groove or furrow. Used in anatomy to signify
sinuous depressions or sulci, of greater or less
depth, like those which separate the convolutions
of the brain from each other. These
Anfractuositiks, Cerebral, A»y>ocV«« Cer'-
ehri, (F.) Anfractuosites Oerebrales, are always
narrow, and deeper at the upper surface of the
brain than at its base ; and are lined by a pro-
longation of the pia mater.
The Ethmoid Cells are, sometimes, called An-
frortuosites ethmoidales.
ANFRACTUS, Anfractuosity — a. Cerebri, An-
fractuosities, (cerebral.)
ANGECTASIA, Angiectasis.
ANGEIAL, Vascular.
ANGEIECTASIA, Angiectasis.
ANGEIECTASIS, Angiectasis.
ANGEIECTOMA, Angiectasis.
ANGEIOG'RAPHY, Angiotfraphy, Angeio-
graph'ia, from ayyuov, ' sl vessel,' and ypaipij, 'a
description.' The anatomy of the vessels.
ANGEIOHYDROG'RAPHY, Angiohydrog'.
raphy, Angeiondrog' rap)hy, Angeiohydrogra'phin,
Hydrangiogrnph' ia, trom ayyctov, 'a vessel,' 'vSmji,
'water,' and ypu^oj, 'I describe.' A treatise on
the lymphatics.
ANGEIOIIYDROT'OMY, Angiohydrot'omy,
Angeiondrot'omy, Angeiohydrotom'ia, Hydran-
giotom'ia, from ayy^iov, 'a vessel,' 'viiop, ' water,'
and Tf/jvciv, ' to cut.' Dissection of the lymphatics.
ANGEIOLEUCI'TIS, Angioleuci'tis, ' Anyio-
lymphi'tis, Lymphange'i'tis, Lyniphangi'tis, Lym-
phangioi'tis, Hydrangei'tis, Lymphi'tis, Lympha-
ti'tis, Inflamma'tio vaso'rum lymphatico'rum, i'rom
ayyuQv, ' a vessel,' \ivKoii, ' white,' and itis, inflam-
mation. (F.j Injiammation des vaisseaux iympha-
tiques ou des tissus hlancs. Inflammation of the
lymphatics; lymphatic or scrofulous inflamma-
tion.
ANGEIOL'OGY", Angiol'ogy, Anr,eiolog"ia,
from ayyuov, 'a vessel,' and ^oyo^, 'a discourse.'
A discourse on the vessels. The anatomy of the
vessels. It includes Arteriol'ogy, PUebol'ogy,
and Angeiohydrol'ogy.
ANGEIOMALA'CIA, Angiomala'cia, from
ayyuov, 'a vessel,' and ixaKaKta, 'softening.' Mol-
lescence or softening of vessels.
ANGEIOMYCES, Ha;matodes fungus
ANGEION, Vessel.
ANGEIONDROGRAPHY, Angeiohydrogra-
phy-
ANGEIONDROTOMY, Angeiohydrotomv.
ANGEIONOSUS, Angeiopathia.
ANGEIONUSUS, Angeiopathia.
ANGEIOPATHI'A, Angiopathi'a, Angeion'-
osus, Angeionu'sus, Angio'sis, from ayyuov, ' a
vessel,' and ?r«9os, 'a disease.' Disease of the
vessels.
ANGEIOPLA'NIA,.4»r//o2;?c<';u-a,fromayj,£,ov,
ANGEIOPLEROSIS
G3
ANGINA
a vessel,' and nXavr,, 'error.' Anomaly in the
structure and distribution of vessels,
AN(;EI0PLER0SIS, Plethora.
ANGKIOI'YKA, Synocha.
ANaKIOURHAUIA, llajinorrhagia activa.
AN(iE10KRII(E'A, An^iorrha-',,, (F.) An-
geiorrhee ; from ayyciov, 'a vessel,' and ptu, 'I
flow.' p!i.«sive hemorrhage.
ANGEIOSIS, An-io?is.
AN(iEIOSTE«NOSIS, Angieraphraxis.
ANGEIOSTENOSIS, Angicmphraxis.
ANGEIOSTEO'SIS, An<ji„>,tu'ais from ayyuov,
'a vessel,' and uaTtiuots, 'ossification.' Ossiticu-
tion of vessels.
ANGEIOSTROPHE, see Torsion.
ANGEIOTELECTASIA, Telangiectasia.
ANUEIOT'OMY, AiKjwt'onnj, Awjeiotnm'ia,
from ayyuov, 'a vessel,' and rtjjivtiv, 'to cut.'
Dissection of vessels.
ANUEI'TIS, Aiitjn'tin, Anrji'oi'tis, Inflommn'-
tio vaHo'ritm, (P.) Aii;/ei/e, from ayyuov, 'a vessel,'
and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation
of vessels in general.
ANGEL-BREAD. A kind of purgative cake,
formerly made of spurge, ginger, flour and oat-
meal. — lialliwell.
ANGELIC ROOT, Angelica lucida.
ANGEL'ICA, Angel'ica Archanfjvl' ica seu
Ilispa'na seu Sati'va, Archamjel' tea officliirt'lin,
Garden Angelica, (F.) Aiigeliqiic, Racine de Saint
Usprit. So called from its supposed angelic vir-
tues. Ord. Umbelliferffi. SejL-. Synt. Pontandria
Digynia. Native of Lapland. The roots, stalk,
leaves, and seed, are aromatic and carminative.
A sweetmeat is made of the root, which is
agreeable.
Angklica AncnANGELiCA, Angelica.
Angelica ATUoi'URPD'nEA, Angelica (Ph.
U. S.), J/anteriBort. An indigenous species, grow-
ing over the whole United States, and admitted
into the secondary list of the Pharmacopoeia of
the United States. Virtues, same as those of
the Angelica of Europe.
Angelica Lkvisticum, Ligustieura levisticum.
Angelica Lu'cida, Angel'ic root, Bellyache
root, Nendo, White root, an indigenous plant, the
root of which is bitterish, subaerid, fragrant,
aromatic, stomachic, and tonic. Also, Ligusticum
actaiifolium.
Angelica Nendo, Ligusticum actaeifolium.
Angelica Officinalis. Iinperatoria — a. Palu-
dapifolia, Ligusticum levisticum — a. Sativa, An-
gelica, A. sylvestris.
Angelica Sylves'tris, A. snti'vn, Scli'nian
Sylves'tre seu Angel'ica seu Puhes'cens, Irnjyera-
to'ria Sylves'tris seu Angelica, Wild Angel'ica,
(F.) Angeliqne sauvage. Possesses similar pro-
perties to the last, but in an inferior degree. The
seeds, powdered and put into the hair, are used
to destroy lice. Also, Ligusticum podagraria.
Angelica Tree, Araiia spinosa.
ANGELI'NyE CORTEX. The bark of a
Grcmida tree, which has been recommended as
anthelmintic and cathartic.
ANfiJiLf QUE, Angelica. — a. Sauvage, Angel-
ica sylvestris.
ANGELOCACOS. Myrobalnnus.
AN(5EMPIIRAXIS, Angicmphraxis.
AXGIAIRHYDltlE, Asphyxia by submer-
sion. ,
ANGTARHEMTE. Haemoptysis.
ANGIA URHA (HE. IFaMnoptvsis.
ANGlBROMELMIXrillE, Worms (intes-
tinal).
ANGTCHOLOLITHE, Calculi, biliary.
ANGIDIECTASIA. Trichangiectasia.
ANGIDIOSPONGUS, Uiematodes fungus.
ANGIECTASIA VENOSA, Varix.
ANGIEC'TASIS, Angeiecla'aia. Angecta'nia,
Angieurye'ma, Angeiecto'ma, Aiigiodian'tagis, from
ayyuov, 'a vessel,' and tfTatrK,' dilatation.' Dila-
tation of vessels. — Griife and Alibert. See
Telangiectasia.
ANGIEMPIIRAX'IS, Avgemphrax'i,, Angei.
osteno'nis, Angeioslegno'ais, from ayyctov, ' a ves-
sel,' and efifpa'.,is, ' obstruction.' Obstruction of
vessels.
ANGIEIJRYSMA, Angiectasis.
ANGIITE, Inflammation, Angeitis.
ANGIITIS, Angeitis.
ANGI'NA, Febris Aiigino'sa, htlimi'tis. Quin-
sy or Sore Throat; from augere, 'to choke.'
Inflammation of the supru-diapliragmatic portion
of the alimentary canni, and of the air passages.
The Latin writers applied the term to every dis-
ease in which deglutition or respiration, sepa-
rately or united, was affected, provided that such
affection was above the stomach and lungs. —
Boerhave speaks of the angina of the moribund,
which is nothing more than the dysphagia or
difiicult deglutition preceding death. See Cy-
nanche.
Angina ApniHOSA, Aphthae— a. Aquosa, Oilde-
ma of the glottis — a. Broncliialis, Bronchitis— a.
Canina, Cynanche trachealis — a. Cordis, Angina
|iectoris — a. cum Tumore, Cynanche tonsillaris —
a. Epidemiea, Cynanche maligna — a. Epiglot-
tidea, Epiglottitis — a. Erysipelatosa, Erytliraneho
a. Exsmlatorin, Cynanche trachealis — a. Externa,
Cynanche parotidaea— a. Faucium, Isthmitis — a.
Faucium Maligna, Cynanche maligna — a. Folli-
culosa of the pharynx, IMiaryngitis, follicular —
a. Gangricnosa, Cynanche maligna— a. llumida,
Cynanche trachealis — a. Inflammatoria, Cynan-
che, Cynanche trachealis — a. Laryngea, Laryn-
gitis — a. Laryngea CE<lematosa, (Edema of tho
glottis — a. Linguaria, Glossitis — a. Maligna, An-
gina pellicularis, Cynanche maligna. Pharyngitis,
diphtheritic — a. Maxillaris, Cynanche parotidaea
— a. Membranacea, Cynanche trachealis — a.
Mitis, Isthmitis.
Angi'na Nasa'lis, Nnsi'tis posti'ca. An in-
flammation of the posterior portion of the ^'chnci-
derian membrane lining the nose. Also, Coryza.
Angi'na ffinEMATo'sA, (F.) Angine adema-
tense, (Edeuie de la Glolte. An oedematous swell-
ing of the glottis, the effect of chronic cynanche
laryngea. See (Edema of the Glottis.
Angina Palatina, Ilyperoitis — a. Paralytica,
Pharyngoplegia — a. Parotidaea Externa, Cynan-
che parotidffia.
Angi'na Pec'toris, A. cordis, Sternal'gia,
Asthma spastico-artlirit'icnm iucon'slans. Asthma
diaphragmat'icum, Arthri'tis diaphragmatica ,
Orthopnw'a cardi'aca, Sternodyn'ia syueop'tiea
et pal'pitans, S. syncopa'lis, Cardiog'nius cordis
sinis'tri, Asthetii'a pectora'lis, Angor pec'toris,
Stcnocar'dia, Diaphragmat'ic gout. Asthma con-
vulsi'vnm. Asthma arthriticnm. Card ionenral'gia ,
Neural' gia hrach iothornc"ica, U yperasth e' sia,
plejcus cardi'aci, A. dolori/'icum. Syncope arigi-
no'sa seu angens, Cardiod'yne spasmod'icu inter-
mit'tens, Pnigopho'hia, Prunel'la, Suspir'ium
cardi'acum, Pnenmonal'gia, Suffocative Brrant-
pang, (F.) Angine de Poitrine, Necrose du Vceur.
A disease, the precise }>athology of which is not
known. The principal symptoms are. violent
pain about the sternum, extending towards the
arms, anxiety, dyspna?a, and sense of suffoca-
tion. It is an affection of great danger, juid is
often connected with ossification, or other morbid
condition of the heart. It appears to he neuropp.-
thic, and has been termed Neuralgia of the Heart.
Some, however, employ this last term for an
acutely painful intermittent affection of the heart,
which seems to differ from angina pectoris more
ANGINE GUTTURALE
6 4
ANGONE
in regarfl to the small number of parts which are
drawn into morbid consent with the affected car-
diac nerves, than in regard either to its nature
or appropriate treatment. The most powerful
stimulating and narcotic antispasmodics are re-
quired during the paroxysm.
Angi'ka Pellicula'ius, A. malig'na, Biptlie-
ri'tis of the throat. A name given to those in-
flammations about the throat, in which exuda-
tions or false membranes are thrown out during
the phlogosis of the mucous membranes. AphthcB,
Tracheitii, when accompanied with the membra-
niforra exudation, are, with some, examples of
diphtheritic inflammation.
Anoina Peuvioiosa, Cynanche trachealis — a.
Pestilentialis, Pharyngitis, diphtheritic — a. Poly-
posis, Cynanche trachealis — a. Polyposaseu Mem-
branacea, Cynanche trachealis— a. Pseudo-raem-
branosa. Pharyngitis, diphtheritic — a. Pulposa,
Cynanche trachealis — a. Sanguinea, Cynanche
tonsillaris.
Angixa Sicca, (F.) Amjine Seche, is a chronic
inflammation of the pharynx, with a distressing
sense of dryness and heat, in chronic diseases of
the stomach and lungs. See Paedanchone.
Angina Suiplex, Isthmitis.
Angina Squirro'sa, (F.) Anr/iue squirrense,
consists in difiiculty of deglutition, caused by
scirrhous disorganization of the pharynx or oeso-
phagus, or by enlarged tonsils.
Angina Strangiilatoria, Cynanche trache-
alis — a. Strepitosa, Cynanche trachealis-^-a. Suf-
focatoria, Cynanche trachealis — a. Synochalis,
Cynanche tonsillaris — a. Thyreoidea, Thyreoitis
— a. Tonsillaris, Cynanche tonsillaris — a. Tra-
chealis, Cynanche trachealis — a. Ulcerosa, Cy-
nanche maligna — a. Uvularis, Staphyloedema,
Uvulitis — a. Vera et Legitima, Cynanche ton-
sillaris.
ANGINE GUTTURALE, Cynanche tonsil-
laris — a. Laryugee, Laryngitis — a. Larync/ee et
tracheule, Cynanche trachealis — a. Larynyee cede-
mnteuse. ffidemaof the glottis — a. Q^Hophagieniie,
CEsophagitis — a.Phnrynyee, Cynanche parotidaea
— a. de Puitriiie, Angina pectoris — a. Seche, An-
gina sicca^a. Simple, Isthmitis — a. Squirreuse,
Angina Squirrosa — a. Tonsillaire, Cynanche ton-
sillaris.
ANGINEUX, Angino.-e.
ANGINO'SE, Angino o\(», (F.) Anginenx. Re
lating or appertaining tc angina ; as Scarlati'na
anginii'sri.
ANGIOCARDI'TIS, from ayyttov, 'a vessel,'
and carditis, ' inflammation of the heart.' In-
flammation of the heart and great vessels.
ANGIODIASTASIS, Angiectasis.
ANG IO<JR APIIY, Angeiography.
ANOrOHEMIE, Hyperemia.
ANGIOHYDROGRAPHY, Angeiohydrogra-
phv.
ANGIOHYDROTOMY, Angeiohydrotomy.
ANGIOITIS. Angeitis.
ANGIOLEUCITIS, Angeioleucitis.
ANGIOLOGY, Angeiology.
ANGIOLYMPIIITIS, Angeioleucitis.
ANGIOMALACIA, Angeiomalacia.
ANGIOMYCES, Haematodes fungus.
ANGIONOSUS, Angeiopathia.
ANGIONUSUS, Angeiopathia.
ANGIOPATHIA, Angeiopathia.
ANGIOPLANIA, Angeioplania.
ANGIOPLEROSIS, Plethora.
ANGIOPYRA, Svnocha.
ANGIORRIIAGIA, Haemorrhagia activa.
ANGIORRHCEA, Angeiorrhoea.
ANGIO;^IS, Angiopathia.
ANGIOSTEGNOSrS, Angieraphraxis.
ANGIOSTRXOSIS, Angiemphraxis.
ANGIOSTOSIS, Angeiostosis.
ANGIORTROPIIE. see Torsion.
ANGIOTKLECTASIA, Telangiectasia.
AXGIOTEN'IC, Aiigeiuten'ic, Aiigioten'iciit
seu Aiigeioten'icus, from ayyuov, 'a. vessel,' and
Tuvuv, ' to extend.' An epithet given to inflain-
matry fever, owing to its action seeming to be
chiefly exerted on the vascular system.
A>JGIOTOMY, Angeiotomy.
ANGLE, Ait'gulns, from ayKv'Xoi, 'a hook.'
The space between two lines which meet in a
point.
Angle, Fa'cial, pointed out by Camper, is
formed by the union of two lines, one of which
is drawn from the most prominent part of the
forehead to the alveolar edge of the upper jaw,
opposite the incisor teeth — the facial line — and
the other from the meatus auditorius externus to
the same point of the jaw. According to the
size of the angle it has been attempted to appre-
ciate the respective proportions of the cranium
and face, and, to a certain extent, the degree of
intelligence of individuals and of animals. In
the white varieties of the species, this angle is
generally 80° ; in the negro not more than 70°,
and sometimes only 6u°. As we descend the
scale of animals, the angle becomes less and less ;
until, in fishes, it nearly or entirely disappears.
Animals which have the snout long, and faaial
angle small, such as the snipe, crane, stork, <Scc.,
are proverbially foolish, at least they are so
esteemed; whilst intelligence is ascribed to those
in which the angle is more largely developed, as
the elephant and the owl. In these last animals,
however, the large facial angle is caused by the
size of the frontal sinuses : — so that this mode of
appreciating the size of the brain is very inexact,
and cannot be depended upon.
The following is a table of the angle in man
and certain animals :
FACIAL ANGLES.
Man from 68° to 8S° and more.
Sapajou 65
Orang-Utang 56 to 58
Guenon 57
Mandrill 30 to 42
Coati 28
Pole-Cat 31
Pug-Dog 35
Mastiff 41
Hare 30
Kam 30
Horse 23
Angle, Occipital, of Daubenton, is formed
by a line drawn from the posterior margin of the
foramen magnum to the inferior margin of the
orbit, and another drawn from the top of the
head to the space between the occipital condyles.
In man, these condyles, as well as the foramen
magnum, are so situate, that a line drawn per-
pendicular to them would be a continuation of
the spine; but in animals they are placed more
or less obliquely ; and the perpendicular is ne-
cessarily thrown farther forward, and the angle
rendered more acute.
Angle, Optic, (F.) Angle optiqne, is the angle
formed by two lines, which shave the extremities
of an object, and meet at the centre of the pupil.
ANGNAIL, HangnaiL
ANGOISSE, Angor.
ANGOLAM. A very tall Malabar tree, which
possesses vemiifuge properties.
AN'GONE, properly An'chnne, from ayxii, 'I
choke.' Axaii'roiiie, Hi/sterapopnijc'ix, Ifys'tero-
pni.r, Prafnca'tio Fau'ciiim seu Uteri'iia seu
Matri'cio, Strangidn'tio uteri'iia, Siiffoca'tio ute-
ri' na seu hyHter'ica, Glubux seu NodtiH hyuter'icHi,
Orthnpnce'a hyster'ica, Dyspha'gia globo'm seU
hijxtcr'ica, Ncrvom Qidnxy. A feeling of strangu-
lation, with dread of suffocation. It is commoa
ANGOR
6 5
ANIMAL
in hysterical females, and is accompanied wilh a
sensation as if a ball arose from the abdomen to
the throat.
AN(JOR, Anfjuinh, (¥.) Anr]ohse, Extreme
anxiety, accompanied with painful constriction
at the ei)igastrium, and often with palpitation
and oppression. It is frequently an unfavour-
able symptom.
Angoii, Agony, Orthopnoea — a. Faucium, Isth-
mitis — a. Pectoris, Angina pectoris.
ANGOS, Bubo, Uterus, Vessel.
ANdOSrURE VRAIE, Cusparia febrifuga.
AN(iOUIlIOX, Cucumis sativus.
AN(}i:iS, Serpent.
ANdUKSH, Angor.
Anguish, Fkbhilk, Angor Fehri'Us. The com-
bination of weariness, pain, anxiety, and weak-
ness affecting the head and neclc, which is so ge-
nerally observed at the commencement of fever.
ANGULAIRE BE L'OilOPLATE, Levator
scapula-.
AN'OULAR, Angula'ris, from angulitu, 'an
angle,' (F.) Aiif/idnlre. That which relates to
an angle.
Angular Autkry and Vein. A name given,
1. to the termination of the facial artery and
vein, because they pass by the greater angle of
the eye; and, 2. to the facial artery and vein
themselves, because they pass under the angle
of the jaw. Sec Facial.
Angular Nervk is a filament furnished by
the inferior maxillary, which passes near the
greater angle of the eye.
Angular Prochsses of the frontal bone are
seated near the angles of the eyes. See Orbitar.
ANGULARIS, Levator scapulas.
AXGULI- SCAPULO - HUMERAL, Teres
major.
ANGULUS COSTiE, see Costa — a. Ocularis,
Canthus.
ANUUUIA. Cucurbita citrullus.
AN(!lISTATrO, Arctatio— a. Cordis, Systole—
a. lutt'.-itini recti vel Ani, Stricture of the rectum.
ANGUS'TIA, Angusta'tio, Stenocho'ria. Anx-
iety, narrowness, strait, constriction.
Anoustia Abdominalis, Pelvis, (Brim) — a.
PerinKalis, Pelvis, (Outlet.)
ANGUSTUKA, Cusparia febrifuga— a. False,
Brucea antidysenterica, and Strychnos nux vo-
mica — a. Spuria, Brucea antidysenterica, and
Strychnos.
ANGUSTURE, FAUSSE, Brucea antidysen-
terica — a. Ferriigiiieiise, Brucea antidysenterica
— a. Vrnic, Cusparia febrifuga.
A NG ( 'S TUR IXE, Brucine.
ANILEMATOSIA, Asphyxia, Anaemia.
ANIl.EMIA, Anwmia.
ANHAPHIA. Anaphia.
ANHELA'TIO, from anhelo, 'I pant.' An-
heVituK, Aas'mus, Panting, Gaspi?ig, Aiihelntion,
(Sc.) Ilecli, Hegh, (Prov.) Giin, Kawing, Peck-
ing, (F.) EsHDiiJJicmtnt. Short and rapid breath-
ing. See Dyspnoea.
Anhclntio is sometimes employed synony-
raouslv with asthma.
ANilHLITUS, Breath.
ANHKMA rOSIE, Anajmia, Asphyxia,
ANHEMIE, Anajmia.
ANIIIS'TOUS, from a, av, privative, and 'icrrot,
'organic texture,' 'yLiorf/fDwV.' Amor'phns. The
tuntca decidua uteri is termed by Velpeau the
uiihislonn niemliyaiie.
ANHUIBA. Lauras sassafras.
ANIIYDR^E'MIA, Ancemijd' ria, from av, pri-
vative, 'w(5u)p, 'water,' and 'ai/ia, 'blood.' A con-
dition of the blood in which there is a diminution
\\\ the quantity of the serum.
AXllYr>ROMYEL'IA, from av, priv., 'uoui^,
'water,' and //ueXof, 'marrow.' Deficiency or
absence, in the spinal cavity, of the cephalo-spi-
nal fluid.
ANICE'TOX, Anice'tum, ifesia'mnm, from a,
privative, and mkti, 'victory,' 'invincible.' A
plaster much extolled by the ancients in cases
of achores. It was formed of litharge, cerusse,
thus, alum, turpentine, white pepper, and oil.
A N I'D E US, from av, privative, and £(5of,
'shape.' Aiiiorphus. A monster devoid of shape.
— .1. G. St. Hilaire.
ANIDRO'SLS, from a, privative, and 'tSpu>i,
'sweat.' Siiclo'ris nul'litas vel jirivi'tio. Ab-
sence of sweat. Deficiency of perspiration. —
Hippocrates.
ANILEMA, Borborygmus, Tormina.
ANILESIS, Borborygmus, Tormina.
AXILITAS, sec Dementia.
AN'IJMA, Aii'imus, Jlens, Payclie. The mind,
breath, &c., from aveiio;, 'wind or breath.' (F.)
Anie. The principle of the intellectual and moral
manifestations. Also, the principle of life — the
life of plants being termed An'ima vcgetnti'vn,
(F.) Ame vegetative ; that of man, An'ima sensi-
ti'vn, (F.) Atiie sensitive.
The Aninia of Stahl, An'ima Stnlilin'na. was a
fancied intelligent principle, which he supposed
to preside over the phenomena of life, — like the
Arrhmiia of Van Jlelmont.
Under the term Anima viundi, the ancient phi-
losophers meant a universal Spirit, which they
supposed spread over every part of the uni-
verse.
The precise seat of the mind in the brain h.ns
given rise to many si)eculutions. The point is
unsettled.
With the ancient chemists, Anima meant the
active principle of a drug separated by some
chemical management.
Anima Ai,oks : see Aloes Succotorina — a. Ar-
ticLilorum, Hermodactylus — a. Hepatis, Ferri sul-
phas — a. Pulmonum, Crocus — a. Rhei, Iiifusum
rhei — a. Stahliana, see Anima — a. Vegetativa,
Plastic force.
AN'OIAL, Zijon. A name given to every
animated being. Most animals have the power
of locomotion ; some can merely execute par-
tial movements, such as contraction and dila-
tation. In other respects it is often a matter
of difBculty to determine what is an animal
oharaetoristic. The study of animals is called
Zool'og>i.
An'imal, Anima'Us. That which concerns, or
belongs to, an animal.
Animal Hkat, Calor anima'Us seu nati'vus,
CaVidnm anima' le seu inna'tiim, Bioh/ch'nion.
Flam'mnla vita'lis, Therma em'phyttim, Thermvvi
em'phi/tnm, Ignis anima'Us seu natiira'lis seu
vita'lis, (F.) Chalcnr animate, is the caloric con-
stantly formed by the body of a living animal,
by virtue of which it preserves nearly the same
temperature, whatever may be that of the me-
dium in which it is placed. This formation
seems to take place over the whole of the body,
and to be connected with the action of nutrition.
The following are the natural temperatures of
certain animals; that of man being 98° or 100°.
Animals. Temperaturt.
Arctic Fox 107
Arctic Wolf ) JQ5
Squirrel /
"»•* • I 104
Whale J
Arctomys citillas, zizU — iu summer.- 103
Do. when torpid 80 to 84
Goat 103
Bat. in summer ~. 1 iao
Musk i
Marmota bobae— 5o6(ic 101 or 102
House mouse 101
ANIMALCULA
GG
ANISOTACIIYS
:::[
AxiMALS. Temptratur .
Arctomys marmota, marmot,— in summer... 1' 1 or 102
Do. when torpid '^,„.
Rabbit ^ ^ 101
Polar Boar 1"0
Dog 1
Cat ....
Swine"::;;:::::::::::::::::::::;::::::::;::::: \ loo to los
Sheep
Ox J
Guinea-pig.: :..: 100 to 102
Arctomys glis ^'^
Shrew ^^
Youns wolf. 96
Frin^illa artica, Arctic finch \ \\\
)lubecoIa. redbreast J
Frinj^illa linaria, Jcsser red poM ••• HO or 111
Falco palumbarius, (7os/iai«/i;
Caprimul^'us Europaeus, European goat-
svtcker ,
Emberiza nivalis, snow-bunting 109 to 110
Falco lanarius, lanner
Fringilla carduelis, goldfinch
Corvus corax. »'ai'cre
Turdus, thrush, (of Ceylon,)
Tetrao perdix, partridge
Anas clypoata, shovehr
Tringa pupcnax, ruffe
Scolopax limo.sa, lesser godwit
'I'etrao tetrix, grouse
Fringilla brumalis, winterfinch ,
Loxia pyrrhula
Falco nisus, sparrowhawk
Vultur biirbatus
Anser pulchricollis
Colymbus auritus, dusky grebe
Trinf^a ranellus, lapming, wounded,
Tetrao la?:opu.'<, ptarmigan
Fringilla domestica, 7(Oz/.5e sparrou) 107 to 111
Strix papserina, ?iWe owl
Haematopus ostralegus, sea-pie....
Anas penelope, widgeon J- 106
Anas strepera, gadwall ,
relceanus carbo
Falco ossifra:.?us, seaeagle
Fulica atra, coot }■ 105
Anas acuta, pintail-duch
t'alco milvus, kite, (wounded,) ) jq^
jMerops apiaster, bee-eater )
Goose
Htfn
Dove
Duck
Ardea stellaris
Falco albicoUis
I'icus major
Cossns liguiperda
Shark
Torpedo marmorata
100
109
108
107
103 to 107
103
) to 91
83
74
Animal Kingdom, (F.) Eigne Animal, com-
prises all animated beings.
Animal Layer, see TacJie emhryonnaire — a.
Masrnetism, see Magnetism, animal.
ANIMALCULA SEMINALIA, Spermatozoa
— a. Spermatica, Spermatozorl.
ANIMAL'CULE, Animal'cidum ; diminutive
of animal. A small animal. An animal well
seen only by means of the microscope.
ANIMALCULES, SEMINAL, Spermatozoa—
a. Spermatic, Spermatozoa.
ANIMALCULISM, Spermatism.
ANIMAL'CULIST, An'imalint. One who at-
tempts to explain different physiological or pa-
thological phenomena by means of animalcules.
One who believes that the embryo is formed from
the so-called spermatic animalcules — sperm' atist,
sem'inint.
ANIMAL'CULOVISM, Animalculovism'-
tis, from animalculum and ovum. The doctrine,
now universal, which maiptains that the new
being is formed by the concourse of the sperma-
tic animalcule or spermatozoid with the ovum.
ANIMALCULUM, Animalcule.
ANIMALIST, Animalculist.
ANIMAL'ITY, Animal'itno, (F.) AnimalitL
The aggregate of qualities which distinguish that
which is animated. That which constitutes the
animal.
A N I M A L I Z A' T I N, Animalina'lio. Tlio
transformation of the nutritive parts of food into
the living substance of the body to be nourished.
Assimilation.
To AN'IMATE, Anima're. To unite the liv-
ing principle with an organized body. Tlio
French use it in the sense of, — to excite or render
active; as, animer nn vesicatoire : to excite a
blister to suppurate.
ANIMATIO, Animation— a. Foetfls, see Quick,
ening.
ANIMA'TION, Zuh'sinjAnima'tio, from animn,
'the soul or mind.' The act of animating. The
state of being enlivened.
Animation, Suspended, Asphyxia.
AN'IME, Gum an'ime, Amiiix'a, Gumnii an'-
imc, Can'cnmum, Cau'cami/. A resin obtained
from the trunk of Hi/men'ccn conr'haril. Ord.
Fabaceoe. It lias been given as a ce|)halic and
uterine. It is not used. The plant is also called
Cutir' bnril.
ANT.ME, (F.) An epithet applied to the
countenance, when florid, in health or disease.
ANIMELL^, Parotid.
ANIMI CASUS SUBITUS, Syncope— a. De-
liquium. Syncope — a. Pathemata, Passions.
ANIMISM, see Animist.
AN'IMIST, from anima, 'the soul.' One who,
following the example of Stahl, refers all the
phenomena of the animal ecomony to the soul,
An'iniism,
The soul, according to Stahl, is the immediate
and intelligent agent of every movement, and of
every material change in the body. Stahl there-
fore concluded, that disease is nothing more
than a disturbance or disorder in the government
of the economy, or an effort by which the soul,
attentive to every morbific cause, endeavours to
expel whatever may be deranging the habitual
order of health. See Stahlianism.
ANIMUS, Anima, Breath.
ANIRID'IA, from av, priv., and ipig, ipiSo; 'the
iris.' Absence of the jris.
ANIS, Piiupinellaanisum — a. Aigre, Cuminum
Cyminum — «. dc la Chine, Illicium anisatum — n.
Doux, Anethum^ — a. Etoile, Illicium anisatum.
ANISA'TUM, from Anisum, ' Amse.' A sort
of medicated wine, formerly prepared with honey,
wine of Ascalon, and aniseed.
ANISCALPTOR, Latissimus dorsi.
ANISCHUKIA, Enuresis.
ANISE, Pimpinella anisum — a. Star, Illicium
anisatum, I. Floridanum — a. Tree, Florida, Illi-
cium Floridanum — a. Tree, yellow-flowered, Illi-
cium anisatum.
ANISEED, see Pimpinella anisum.
ANISEMA DRACONTIUM, Arum dracon-
tiura.
ANISI SEMINA, see Pimpinella anisum.
ANISO'DUS LU'RIDUS, Nican'dra anom'-
ala, Phy'saJis stranio'nittm, Whitley'a ntramo'iii-
folia. A plant of Nepal, possessed of narcotic
properties, and resembling belladonna and to-
bacco. It dilates the pupil, and is used in dis-
eases of the eye like belladonna. It is given in
alcoholic tincture (dried leaves '^j to ahiihul
f^viij). Dose, 20 drops internally in the 24 hours.
ANISOPIIYLLUM IPECACUANHA, Eu-
phorbia Ipecacuanha.
ANISOS'THENRS, Ina-.qii&'H roh'ore pollcm.
That which is unequal in strength : from av,
priv., KTOf, 'equal,' and o-^tvoj, 'strength.' An
epithet applied particularly to the muscular con-
tractility which, in the sick, is sometimes aug-
mented in certain muscles only, — in the flexors,
for example.
ANISOT'ACHYS, from av, priv., laoj, ' equiil,'
ANISUM
67
ANNULAR
iind ra^^vi, 'quick.' An epithet for the pulse,
when quick and unequal. — Gorra-us.
ANISUM, I'itnpinella anisum — a. Africanum
frutescens, Bubon Galbanum — a. Fruticosum gal-
liiiniForum, Bubon Galbanum — a. Officinale, Pim-
pinella anisum — a. Sinense, lUicium anisatuin —
a. Stellatura, Illicium anisatum — a. Vulgare, Pim-
Ijlnella anisum.
ANKLE, Astragalus, Malleolus.
ANKLEY, Malleolus.
ANKUS, Ancus.
ANKYLOBLEPII'AIlOiSr, AncyhUepli'aron,
Palpehra'rum coal'itus, from ayKvXrit 'a bridle,'
and li\c<f)apov, 'eyelid.' A preternatural union
between the free edges of the eyelids. Likewise
called Sijmble2)h'aro», Synihlephuro' sis, aadPron'-
phiiHts.
Also, union between the eyelids and globe of
the eye. — Aetius.
ANKYLOCIIEI'LIA, Ancylochei'lia, (F.) An-
l-ydochelie, from ayKvXog, ' crooked,' and ;^tiAoj,
'lip.' Accidental union of the lips.
vliV'A'Fi:OC//A'/:/£', Ankylocheilia.
ANKYLOCOLPUS, Colpatresia.
ANKYLOCORE, Coreclisis.
ANKYLODON'TIA, from ayKvUi, 'crooked,'
and o&ovi, oSovTos, 'a tooth.' An irregular posi-
tion of the teeth in the jaws.
ANKYLOGLOS'SIA, Ancijloglox'sin, Concre'-
tio linrjHce, from ayKv\ri, ' a bridle,' and y\oi<jaa,
' the tongue.' Impeded motion of the tongue in
consequence of adhesion between its margins and
the gums ; or in consequence of the shortness
of the frasnum : the later affection constituting
ToDf/ue-tie, Olopho'nia Un'guce frann'ta. It
merely requires the frsenum to be divided with a
pair of scissors.
ANKYLOGLOSSOT'OMUM, from ankylogloa-
Ki'a, ' tongue-tie,' and ro/xt}, ' incision.' An instru-
ment used in the operation for tongue-tie.
ANKYLOME'LE, Ancylome'le, from ayituXof,
' crooked,' and /x^/Ai?, ' a probe.' A curved probe.
— Giilen.
ANKYLOMERIS'MUS, Ancylomeris'mua, from
ayKv\ri, 'a bridle,' and i^cpos, 'a part.' Morbid
adhesion between parts.
ANKYLOPS, iEgilops.
ANKYLORRHIN'IA, Ancylorrhin'ia, from
ayKvXri, 'a bridle,' and piv, 'the nose.' Morbid
union of the parietes of the nose.
ANKYLOSED, see Ankylosis.
ANKYLO'SIS, Ancylu'ils, Anchylo'sis, An'-
cyle, Stiff Joint, from ay/fuXof, 'crooked.' An
nffection, in which there is great difficulty or even
iriipossibility of moving a diarthrodial articula-
tion. It is so called, because the limb commonly
remains in a constant state of flexion, and a joint
thus affected is said to be ankylo'scd. Anchylo-
sis is said to be complete or true, when there is an
intimate adhesion between the synovial surfaces,
with union of the articular extremities of the
bones. In the incomplete or false anchylosis,
tliere is obscure motion, but the fibrous pnrts
around the joint are more or less stiff and thick-
ened. In the treatment of this last state, the
jiint must be gently and gradually exercised;
iind oily, relaxing applications be assiduously em-
ployed.
Ankylosis Spuria, Rigiditas articulorura.
ANKYLO'TIA, Ancylo'tia, from ayKvXr/, 'a
bridle,' and ovi, wros, ' the ear.' Morbid union
of the parietes of the ear.
ANKYLOT'OMUS,.'l»ci/^o<'o»i!(«, from ayKv\oi,
'crooked,' and rcnictv, 'to cut.' Any kind of
curved knife. — Paulus. An instrument for di-
viding the fra;num linguae. — Scultetus.
ANyEAl\ Ring — 1. Crural, Crural canal — a.
Diaphragmatiqne, Diaphragmatic ring— a. Femo-
ml, Crural canal— «. Lu/uinal, Inguinal ring— a,
Oiiihilical, Umbilical ring.
ANNEXE. Accessory, Appendix.
ANNI CRITICI, Climacterici (anni)— a. De-
cretorii, Climacterici (anni) — a. Fatales, Climac-
terici (anni) — a. Genethliaci, Climacterici (anni)
— a. Gradarii, Climacterici (anni) — a. Hebdoma-
dici, Climacterici (anni) — a. lleroici, Climacterici
(anni) — a. Natalitii, Climacterici (anni) — a. Sca-
lares, Climacterici (anni) — a. Scansiles, Climacte-
rici (anni).
ANNOTA'TIO, Episma'sia. Under this term
some have included the preludes to an attack of
intermittent fever — as yawning, stretching, som-
nolency, chilliness, &c.
ANNOTTO, see Terra Orleans.
AN'NUAL DISEASES, Jforbi an'nni, M. an-
niversa'rii, (F.) Maladies antntelles. A name
given, by some, to diseases which recur every
year about the same period. Fcbris amuta, (F.)
Fievre anuuelle, is a term used for a fancied in-
termittent of this type.
ANNUENS. Rectus capitis internus minor.
ANNUIT"IO, Nodding, from ad, 'to,' and
iiHtua, 'a nod.' A gesture, denoting assent in
most countries. Also, the state of somnolency,
when the individual is in the erect or sitting
posture, with the head unsupported, in which
the power of volition over the extensor muscles
of the head is lost, and the head drops forward.
AN'NULAR, Annvla'ria, Annla'ris, Crico'i'des,
(F.) Aitnidaire, {annua, 'a circle.') Any thing
relating to a ring, or which has the shape or ful-
fils the functions of a ring; from annnlus, 'a
ring.'
Annular Fincrr, Iling Finger, Jiing man,
Dig"itns annula'ria, Param'eaos, The fourth
finger, so called from the wedding ring being
worn thereon. See Digitus. Of old, it was be-
lieved, that there is a medium of direct commu-
nication between the ring finger and the heart.
Annular Ganglion, see Ciliary ligament.
Annular Lig'amrnt, Transrerae ligament,
Cru'cial ligament. A strong ligamentous band,
which arches across the area of the ring of the
atlas, from a rough tubercle upon the inner sur-
face of one articular process, to a similar tubercle
on the other. It serves to retain the odontoid
process of the axis in connexion with the ante-
rior arch of the atlas.
An'nular Lig'ament of the Ra'dius, is a very
strong fibro-'cartilaginous band, which forms, with
the lesser sigmoid cavity of the cubitus, a kind
of ring, in which the head of the radius turns
with facility.
An'nular Lig'aments op the Carpus, Ar-
mil'lcB manua membrano'acE, are two in number.
The one, anterior, is a broad, fibrous, quadri-
lateral band, extending transversely before the
carpus, and forming the gutter, made by the
wrist, into a canal. It is attached, externally,
to the trapezium and scapho'ides ; and internally
to the OS pisiforme and process of the uncif'orme.
It keeps the tendons of the flexor muscles, me-
dian nerve, &(s., applied .against the carpus.
The posterior ligament is situate transversely
behind the joint of the hand, and covers the
sheaths of the tendons, which pass to the back
of the hand. Its fibres are white and shining,
and are attached, externally, to the inferior and
outer part of the radius; internally to the ulna
and OS pisiforme.
An'nular Lig'aments of the Tarsus are two
in number. The anterior is quadrilateral, and
extends transversely above the instep. It is at-
tached to the superior depression of the os calcis,
and to the malleolus internus. It embraces the
tendons of the extensor muscles of the toes, the
[ tibialis anticna, and j^eroneus antictis. The inter-
ANNULARIS
68
ANOSMIA
md is broader than the last. It descends from
the malleolus iuternus to the posterior and inner
part of the os caleis, with which it forms a kind
of canal, enclosing the sheaths of the tendons of
the tibialis posticHHjJlexor lonytis dlgltorum pedis,
and /'. lotKjns 2}ollici8 pedis, as well as the plantar
vessels and nerves.
Akxular Vein, Vena annida'ris, is situate
between the annular finger and the little finger.
Aetius recommends it to be opened in diseases
of the spleen.
ANNULARIS, Cricoid: see Digitus — a. Ani,
Sphincter ani.
annul: CARTILAGINEI, see Trachea— a.
Cartilaginosi Trachea), see Trachea.
AN'NULI FIBRO-CARTILAGIN'EI, "F{-
li-u-c(iitil(i(jliiou8 or festooned rings." Tough
tendinous tracts in the heart, two of which, an-
terior, are situate on the right and left of the
aortal opening; and one posterior, which runs
backwards from the aorta to the border of the
auriculo-ventricular septum, where it splits into
two slender crura.
A NN UL I- TEND INO-PHALANGIENS,
Lumbricales manus.
ANNULUS, Dactvlius, Vulva — a. Abdominis,
Inguinal ring — a. Afbidus, see Ciliary (ligament)
— a. Cellulosus, Ciliary ligament — a. Ciliaris,
Ciliary ligament — a. Fossas ovalis : see Ovalis
fossa — a. Gangliformis, see Ciliary (ligament) —
a. Repens, Herpes circinatus — a. Umbilicalis,
Umbilical ring — a. Ventriculi, Pylorus — a. Vieus-
senii, see Ovalis fossa.
ANO, ai'w. A prefix denoting 'above, up.'
ANU-VAVERNJiUX, Accelerator urina;.
ANUCHI'LUS, from avu, 'above,' and x^'^ofi
'lip.' The upper lip. Also, one who has a large
upper lip.
ANOCCELIA, Stomach.
AN0C(ELIADELP11US, Coeliadelphus.
ANO'DIA, from av, priv., and ui&t), 'song.'
An unconnected or dissonant mode of speech.
ANOD'IC, Anod'ieits, from avu>, 'above, up,'
and 'o^o?, 'away.' Tending upwards. An epi-
thet applied by Dr. Marshall Hall to an ascend-
ing course of nervous action.
AXOl)!N, Anodyne.
ANODIN'IA, from a, av, privative, and uSiv,
'a labour pain.' Absence of labour pains.
ANODMIA, Anosmia.
ANO 1) US, Edentulus.
AN'ODYNE, Aniid't/nus, Antod'ynns, Antld'-
ynous (improperly), Pcinyor'lcus, Anct'lcus, Ant-
(il'(jlciiy, Acesod'ynes, (F.) Anodln ou Anodyn,
from av, privative, and vivvrj, 'pain.' Anodynes
are those medicines which relieve pain, or cause
it to cease ; as opium, belladonna, Ac. They act
by blunting the sensibilitj' of the encephalon, so
that it does not appreciate the morbid sensation.
ANODYN'IA, Jndolcn'tia. Cessation or ab-
sence of pain. Vogcl has given this name to a
genvis of diseases, characterized by a cessation
of pain, and the exasperation of other symptoms ;
as we see in gangrene.
ANODYNUM MINERALE, Potassae nitras
sulphatis paucillo mixtus.
ANQi'A, Anoi'a, from a, privative, and voof,
'mind.' Delirium, imbecility. See Dementia
and Idiotisiu.
AXOESIA, Dementia — a. Abstricta, Melan-
choly.
ANOIA. Anoea.
AXO^fAL. Anomalous.
ANOMALES', Anomalous.
ANOMA'LLV, from av, privative, and o/jayio;,
'regular.' Abnor' mitas, Aliena'tio. Anomaly,
abnormity, irregularity. In Pathology, anomaly
means something unusual in the symptoms pro-
per to a disease, or in the morbid appearances
presented by it. ■,-■ ■• •
Anomalia Nervorum, Nervous diathesis.
ANOMALIE PAR CLOISONNEMENT, see
Cloisonneracnt.
ANOMALOTROPHIES, from av, privative,
ofxaXoi, 'regular,' and rpo^n, 'nourishment.' A
class of diseases, which consist in modifications
in the nutrition of organs. — Gendrin.
ANOM'ALOUS, Anom'alus, Anom'alis ; the
same etymon. Irregular; contrary to rule. (F.)
Annmal. In Medicine, a disease is called ano-
malous, in whose symptoms or progress there is
something unusual. Affections are also called
anomalous, which cannot be referred to any
known species.
ANOMALOUS, Irregular.
ANOMMATUS, Anophthalmus.
ANOMOCEPH'ALUS, from a, priv., vo//of,
'rule,' and KC(paXri, 'head.' One whose head is
deformed. — Geofi'roi Saint-Hilaire.
ANOMOSPLENO TOP IE, Splenectopia.
ANOMOTOPIE, Ectopia.
ANOM'PHALUS, from av, priv., and on<pa\oi,
'the navel.' One devoid of navel. Many writers
have endeavoured to show that Adam and Eve
must have been avojicpaXoi, as they could not have
had umbilical vessels.
ANONA TRILOBA, see Carica papaya.
ANO'NA TRIPET'ALA. A tree of the family
Anoneaj or Anonacea> ; Sex. Syst. Polyandria
Polygynia, from fifteen to twenty feet high, na-
tive of South America, which bears a delicious
fruit called Chin'moya. Both the fruit and flowers
emit a fine fragrance, which, when the tree is
covered with blossom, is almost overpowering. —
Tschudi.
ANONTS, Ononis.
ANONY'CII'IA, from av, privative, and ovti|,
owxoi, 'a nail.' Want of nails, — a rare con-
genital defect.
ANONYME, Innominatum.
ANON'YMOUS, Anon'ymus, Tnnomina'lns, (F.)
Anonyme, from av, privative, and ovo^ia, 'name.'
That which has no name.
The word has been applied to many parts of
the body: — to the Anonymous bone or Os inna-
minatum: — the Anonymous foramen or Foramen
innominnfum, &c.
ANOPHRESIA. Anosmia.
ANOPHTllAL'MUS, Anom'matus, from av,
privative, and ocpda'Xfios, 'an eye.' One who is
devoid of eyes.
ANOPS'IA, from av, priv., and cutf, 'the eye.'
A case of monstrosity in which the eye and orbit
are wiinting.
ANOPTICONERVIE, Amaurosis.
ANOR'CniDES, from av, priv., and opx'«, 'a
testicle.' They who are without testicles. — For-
tunatus Fidelis.
ANOREX'IA, from av, priv., and opc^n, 'ap-
petite.' Inappeten'tia, Limo'sis exjters, (F.) Perle.
d'appetit. Absence of appetite, without loathing.
Anorexia or want of appetite is symptomatic ol'
most diseases. Also, Indigestion, Dyspepsia.
Anorexia Exhausto'uum, Frigidity of the
stomach — a. Mirabilis, Fasting.
ANORGANIC, see Anhistous, and Inorganic.
ANORMAL, Abnormous.
ANORTHOP'IA,from a, priv.,op^oj, 'straight,'
and oi//if, 'vision.' Vision in which persons are
unable to judge when objects are not parallel or
not symmetrical.
ANOS'IA, from a, priv., and votroy, 'disease.'
Health. Freedom from disease.
ANOS'MIA, from av, privative, and oafin,
'odour.' Loss of smell. Diminution of the sense
of smell. Called, also, Anoxjjhre'sia, Anosphra'-
sia, Anophrc'sia, Paros'min, Anod'mia, Anosmo''
AN OS MOST A
C9
ANTIIELMIXTIC
ii'n, OI/dcl&H aniiv'sio 8eu dcjic"ier8, DynaHthe'nia \
olptnto' lin, AiicBHthe'sin olfncto'ria, Odura'tus de-
per'dttHH. (F.) Perte de VOdorut.
ANOSMOHIA, Anosmia.
ANOSPIIRASIA, Anosmia.
ANOSPIIRESIA, Anosmia.
ANO'TUS, from av, privative, and ovi, u)tos,
'the ear.' A monster having no ears.
ANOXEMTE, Asphyxia.
ANSA INTESTINALIS, Ame (Jnteetinule).
ANSE (F.), Ama (L.), signifies, properly, the
handle of certain vessels, usually of an arched
form. By analogy, it has been applied to that
which is curved in the form of such handle.
Thus, the French speak of Anne intentinnle — Ansa
seu Gyrus intcfilina'lis — to signify a portion of
intestine, supported by its mesentery, and de-
scribing a curved line: — also, of Ause nerveuae,
Aiise anaatumotiqne, &c.
Aiise de fil is used, in Surgery, to designate a
thread, curved in the form of an Aiwe.
ANSERINA, Potentilla anserina.
ANSERINE, Chenopodium ambrosioides — a.
Atithelmi'iitique, Chenopodium anthelminticum —
II. Bon Henri, Chenopodium Bonus Ilenricus — a.
Jiotri/s, Chenopodium Botrys — a. Fetide, Cheno-
])odium vulvaria — a. Vermifuge, Chenopodium
anthelminticum.
ANTACIDS, Anti-acids, Antiac"ida, Inver-
Irn'tia, from anti, 'against,' and aeidn, 'acids.'
Remedies which obviate acidity in the stomach.
They are chemical ngents, and act by neutralizing
the acid. Those chiefly used are ammonia, calcis
carbonas, calx, magnesia, magnesiae carbonas,
potassa, potassaj bicarbonas, p. carbonas, soda?
biearbonas, and s. carbonas. They are, of course,
only palliatives, removing that which exists, not
preventing the formation of more.
ANTAG'ONISM, Antitgonix'wus, Antis'tams,
from avTi, 'against,' and aywu^o/zai, 'to strive.'
Action in an opposite direction. It applies to the
action of muscles that act in a contrary direction
to others. In estimating the force of muscles,
this antagonism must be attended to.
ANTAG'ONIST, Antnrjouis'ta. A muscle
whose action produces an effect contrary to that
of another muscle. Every muscle has its anta-
gonist, because there is no motion in one direc-
tion without a capability of it in another.
ANTALGICUS. Anodyne.
ANTAPHIIODIS'IAC, AntapJirodit'ie, Anta-
pJirodiniacus, A naphrodisiiicun, Annphrodin'iac,
Anterol'icus, from avri, ' agaiii.*t,' and aippo&iaiaKoi,
'aphrodisiac' A substance capable of blunting
the venereal appetite.
ANTAPHRODITIC, Antaphrodisiac.
ANTAPOD'OSIS, from avrairo(5i^a)^((, 'I return
in exchange.' The succession and return of the
febrile periods. — Hippocrates.
ANTAPOPLECTICUS, Antiapoplectic.
ANTARTIIRITIC. Antiarthritic.
ANTASTMENICUS, Tonic.
ANTASTIIMATICUS, Antiasthmatic.
ANTATROPH'IC, Antntroph'icus, AnMt'ro-
phui. Aniiatropk'icus, from avri, 'against,' and
arpotpia, 'atrophy.' A remedy opposed to atro-
phy or consumption.
ANTEBRACHIAL, see Antibrachial.
ANTECEDEN'TIA. The precursory or
warning symptoms of a disease.
ANTEFIiEXIO UTERI, see Anteversion.
ANTELA'BIA, I'rochei'la, from ante, 'before,'
and labia, 'the lips.' The extremity of the lips.
ANTELOPE. Antilopus.
ANTE.MBALLOJIENUM, Succedaneum.
ANTEM'BASIS, from avri, and t/i/J-niu, 'I
enter.' Jfu'tuus ini;res'sus. The mutual recep-
tion of bones.— Galen.
AXTEMETIC, Antiemetic.
ANTENDEIXIS, Counter-indication.
ANTKNDIXIS, Counter-indication.
ANTENEAS'MUS, from avri, 'against,' and
vcav, 'audacious;' or rather, perh.nps, from avn,
and Ttivb), 'I extend or stretch.' One furious
against himself. Mania, in which the patient
attempts his own life. — Zacchias.
ANTENNA'RIA DIOI'CA, Gnapha'lium Di-
oi'cum, Hlnpid'nla, Pes cati, Eli'chrysuin monta'-
num. Dice' lions Ererlast'ing, Catsfoot, (F.) Pied
de chat. Order, Compositas. A common Euro-
pean plant, which has been advised in hemor-
rhage, diarrhoea, <tc.
Antexnaria Margaritacea, Gnaphalium
margaritaceum.
Antbnnauia Plantaginifo'lia, Gnnj)hn'lium
plinitiif/iiii/o' Hum seu plantagin'eum seu dioi'cum
variety planta/jinifolium. Plantain Life-everlast-
ing. CiidircJd, indifjenous, has similar properties.
AXTKPIIIALTIC, Antiophialtic.
ANTEPILKPTIC, Antiepileptic.
ANTEPONENS, Anticipating.
ANTEREI'SIS, from avn, 'against,' and tptt-
i(o, 'I support.' The resistance — the solidity —
of bones. — Hippocrates.
ANTERIEUlt DU MARTEAU, Laxator
tympani — a. de I'Oreille, Anterior auris.
ANTE'RIOR, Anti'eus, from ante, 'before.'
Situate before. Great confusion has prevailed
with anatomists in the use of the terms before,
behind, etc. Generallj', the word anterior is ap-
plied to parts situate before the median line, the
body being in the erect posture, with the face
and palms of the hands turned forwards, and
the feet applied longitudinally together.
Antk'iuor Au'his {Muscle), Anriculn'ris ante'-
rior,At'trahens auric' ulam, (¥ .) Auriculiiire anti-
rieur, Anterienr de I'oreillc, Zygomato-oriculaire.
A small muscle, passing from the posterior part
of the zygoma to the helix. Use, to draw the ear
forwards and upwards.
Anteuioh Mallei, Laxator tympani.
ANTEROTICaS, Autaidirodisiac.
ANTEUPHORBIUM, Cacaiia anteuphorbium.
ANTEVER'SION, Antever'sio, Antrover'sio,
from ante, 'before,' and vertere, versum, 'to turn.'
Displacement of the uterus, in which the fundus
is turned towards the pubes, whilst its orifice is
towards the sacrum. It may be caused by extra-
ordinary size of the pelvis, pressure of the viscera
on the uterus, etc.; and is recognised by exami-
nation per vaginam. A simple forward inclina-
tion of the body of the uterus, without the os
uteri being carried much backwards, is termed
Anteflex'iou of the u' terns, Antefex'io u'teri. Not
unfrequently, however, it is used synonymously
with Retroversion of the Uterus. See Retro-
versio uteri.
A N T H iE M P T Y'i C U S, AntihoBmoptficns,
from avri, 'against,' and hcemoptysis, 'spitting
of blood.' Against spitting of blood. A remedy
for spitting of blood — antihamoptyicum [reme-
diiini).
ANTIIJEMORRHAGICUS, Antihemorrhagic.
ANTIIECTICUS, Antihectic.
A N T H E L I T ' 11 A G U S, ( F. ) Anthilitragien.
One of the proper muscles of the pavilion of
the ear.
ANT'HELIX, Anti-heli.v, from avn, 'before,'
and 'tXil, 'the helix.' An eminence on the car-
tilage of the ear, in front of the helix, and ex-
tending from the concha to the groove of the
helix, where it bifurcates.
A N T H E L M I N'T I C, Antihelmiu'ticus, Anti-
acol'icns, Anthelinin'thicus, Antiscolet'icus, Hel-
min'thicus, Ilelminthago'gus, Antivermiito'svs,
Vermif'ugus, Ver'tnifuge, from avn, 'against,'
and '{Ay/ivj, 'a worm.' A remedy which de-
ANTIIEMA ERUPTIO
70
A N T II E A X
stroys or expels worms, or prevents their for-
mation and development. The chief anthel-
minties are, Chenopodium, Mucuna, Oleum ani-
raale Dippclii, Oleum Terebinthinae, Sodii Chlo-
riduin. Spij^elia, and Pulvis Stanni. See Worms.
ANTHKMA ERUPTIO, Exanthem.
AN'TIIEMLS COT'ULA, from avBco,, 'l&ower.'
A./ve'tida scu Xui^eboracen'sis, Cot'ula, O.fce'tida,
Cota, Ci/nan'themis, ChamcBme'lum fve'tidum seu
Chamomil'Ui spn'ria sen fce'tida, jtfciru'ta Cot'ula,
Mayjloicer, Ifayweed, Stinking Chamomile, Wild
Cham'omile, Dog's fennel, Billy, Dilweed, Field-
weed, Pissweed. Ord. Compositas Corymbiferae.
Sex. Syxt. Syngenesia Superflua. (F.) JlarotUe,
Camoniille fctide, Camomille puante.
This plant Cot'ula, (Ph. U. S.), has a very dis-
agreeable smell, and the leaves have a strong,
acrid, bitterish taste. It is reputed to have been
useful in hysterical affections.
Anthemis FfETiDA, A. cotula.
A.n'toemis No'bilis, An'themis, A. odora'tn,
Chammme'him, Ch. No'hile seu odora'tum, Cha-
momil'la Jionia'nn, Eiian'themon, Leucan' tliemum,
(F.) Camomille Rninaine. The leaves and flowers.
— Anthemis, Ph. U. S. — have a strong smell, and
bitter, nauseous taste. The flowers arc chiefly
used. They possess tonic and stomachic proper-
ties, and are much given as a pleasant and cheap
bitter. A simple infusion is taken to produce, or
to assist vomiting. Externally, they are often
used in fomentations.
The O'leum Anthem'idis possesses the aromatic
properties of the plant, but not the bitter and
tonic. Consequently, the 'Chamomile Drops,' as
sold by the druggists, must be devoid of the lat-
ter quallHes. They are made by adding 01.
anthem. f5J. to Sp. vini rectif. Oj.
Anthemis Noveboracencis, A. cotula — a.
Odorata, A. cotula.
A.n'themis Pv'rethrum, Py'rethrum, P. vertim,
Anacyc'ltie pyi-ethrum, Bnphthal'mvm, Cre'ticum,
Denta'n'a, Uerba saliva'ris. Pes Alexandri' nus,
Spanish Chamomile, Pellitory of Spain, (F.) Py-
rethre, Rueine saliraire, Salivaire, Pied d' Alex-
andre. The root, Pyrelhrum (Ph. U. S.), is hot
and acrid, its acrimony residing in a resinous
principle. It is never used except as a mastica-
tory in toothache, rheumatism of the face, pa-
ralysis of the tongue, etc. It acts as a powerful
sialogogue.
The Pellitory of the shops in Germany is said
to be derived from Anacyc'lus offivina'rum; a
plant cultivated in Thuringia for medicinal pur-
poses.
An'themis Tincto'ria, Buphthal'mi Herha,
Dyer's Chamomile, a European plant, has a bitter
and astringent taste, and has been regarded as
stomachic and vulnerary. (F.) Camomille des
Teinturicrs, Q-Hl de Bosnf.
Anthemis Vulgaris, Matricaria Chamomilla.
ANTHE'RA, from avQr,poi, so called from its
'florid' colour. A remedy compounded of several
substances — myrrh, sandarae, alum, saffron, etc.
It was used under the form of liniment, eolly-
rium, electuary, and powder.— Celsus, Galen.
ANTIIE.REON, Mentum.
ANTIIORA, Aconitum anthora — a. Vulgaris,
Aconitum anthora.
ANTHORIS'MA, from avn, 'against,' and
o/)t<7/(a, 'boundary.' Tumor diffu'sus. A tumour
without any defined margin.
ANTIIOS, see Rosmarinus — a. Sylvestris, Le-
dum sylvestre.
ANTHRA'CIA, from av^pa^, avOpaKog, 'coal.'
Carbun'cular Exan'them. An eruption of tumors,
imperfectly suppurating, with indurated edges,
and, for the most part, a sordid and sanious core.
A genus in the order Exanthematica, class Hmma-
lifu of Good, and including Plague and Yaws.
Anthuacia, Anthracosis— a. Pcstis, Plague—
a. Rubula, Framboesia.
ANTIIRACION, see Anthrax.
AN'THRACOID, Anthraco'dcs, from nv5pa(.
avOpoKos, 'coal,' and etSoi, 'resemblance.' (F.)
Charhonneux. As black as coal. Accompanied
by or resembling anthrax.
ANTHRACOMA, Anthrax.
ANTHRACONECROSIS, see Sphacelus.
ANTHRACOPHLYCTIS, see Anthrax.
ANTHRACOSIA, Anthrax.
ANTHRACO'SIS, Anthra'cia, Carlo Palpe-
bra' rum, from avSpa^, avQpaKoi, 'a Coal.' A spe-
cies of carbuncle, which attacks the eyelids and
globe of the eye. — Paulus of iEgiua. Also, a
carbuncle of any kind. It has been used for the
"black lung of coal miners," which is induceil
by carbonaceous accumulation in the lungs;
Psendo-melunot'ic formation, (Cars well.) llJntiire
noire des Poumo)is, Charbon pnlmonaire. When
ulceration results from this cause, black phthisis,
(F.) Phthisic avec 3Ielanose, exists. See Mela-
nosis.
Anthracosis Pcji.monum, see Melanosis.
ANTHRACOTYPHUS, Plague.
ANTHRAKOK'ALI, Lithanthrahok'ali, from
avOpa^, avQpaKoi, 'coal,' and Icali, 'potassa.' An
article introduced as a remedy in cutaneous dis-
eases. It is formed by dissolving carbonate of
potassa in 10 or 12 parts of boiling water, and
adding as much slacked lime as will separate tlie
potassa. The filtered liquor is placed on the fire
in an iron vessel, and suffered to evaporate, until
neither froth nor effervescence occurs, and the
liquid presents a smooth surface like oil. To
this, levigated coal is added in the proportion of
160 grammes to 192 grammes of potassa. The
mixture is stirred, and removed from the fire,
and the stirring is continued, until a black homo-
geneous powder results. A sulphuretted anthra-
Icokali is made by mixing accurately 16 grammes
of sulphur with the coal, and dissolving the mix-
ture in the potassa, as directed above. The dose
of the simple and sulphuretted preparations is
about two grains three times a day.
ANTHRAX, avBpai, 'a coal,' Antrax, Carlo,
liuli'nus verus, Codesel'la, Erythe'ma gangrano'-
sum, Grantris'tum, Pruna, Per'sicus Ignis, Pynt,
Granatris'tum, Phyma Anthrax, Erythema an-
thrax, Carbun'culus, Aiithraco'sia, Anthraco'ma,
Absces'sus gangrcenes'cevs seu gangrceno'sus, Fu-
run'cnlns malig'nus, F. gang rcBno' sua. Carbuncle,
(F.) Charbon. An inflammation, essentially gan-
grenous, of the cellular membrane and skin,
which may arise from an internal or external cause.
In the latter ease it is called Anthra'cion, Vesic'-
nla gangrcBues'cens, Anthracophlyc'tis, (F.) Pus-
tule maligne ; Bonton d'Alcp, Feu Persique {Per-
sianfre), ilalvat, Bonton miilin. Puce maligne, and
is characterized at the outset by a vesication or
bleb filled with a sero-sanguinolent fluid, under
which a small induration is formed, surrounded
by an areolar inflammation, which becomes gan-
grenous. It has been thought by some to be in-
duced altogether by contact with the matter of
the carbuncle of animals, or of the exuvise of
the bodies of such as had died of the disease,
but it is now known to arise primarily in the
human subject. This form of carbuncle has re-
ceived different names, many of them from the
places where it has prevailed :— Crtrii(w'et//«'(
contagio'sus seu Gal'licns seu Hunga'ricns seu
Polon'icus seu Scptentriona'lis, Morbus pustulo'sus
Fin'nieuH, Pus'tulu gangrenosa seu Liv'ida Eh-
tho'uia, Pemphigus Hungar'icus, Puce de Bour-
gngiie.
Anthrax is a malignant boil, and its treatment
13 similar to that which is required in case of
gangrene attacking a part.
ANTIIRISCUS CEREF(3LIUM
ANTICOMMA
Anthrax Piji.monijm, Necrnjineuinonia.
AXTIIRISCUS CEREFOLIUM, Scandix ce-
ref'oliuin — a. Iluinili^, Chserophyllum Sylvestre
— a. Procerus, Chicrophylluin Sylvestre.
ANTllROFE, Cutis.
ANTIIKOPIAT'RICA (MEDICIN A), from
ni '1V-, , 'mail,' and (uT-poj, 'a physician.' Me-
(lic'mn applied to man, in contradistinction to
aniiiKils.
ANTIIROPOCIIEMIA, Chymistry (human).
ANTllROPOC'llVMY, Chymistry (human).
ANTUROPOGEN'IA, AiKhropoyeu'eaig, An-
tlnop'iij"ifiii/, Geneaii'thro/)!/, from avSpwiroj, 'man,'
;indy£i't<Tu, 'generation.' The knowledge, or study,
or |)henotnona of human generation.
A N T II R P G'RAPIIY, Anthropngniph'ia,
from avOpu>noi, 'man,' and ypa(pn, 'a description.'
Anthrnpiilogy. A descriiitiou of the human body.
AN'TIIROPOID, AiiUiropa'i'dea, from avfipojiros,
'man,' and tiiSoj, 'resemblance.' Resembling man :
— as the ape.
ANTIIROPOL'ITHUS, from avepu>T:oi, 'man,'
and XiOoj, 'a stone.' The petrifaction of the
human body or of any of its parts. Morbid con-
cretions in the human body.
ANTIIROPOL'OGY, Antliropolo(i"ia, from
av^pmnoi, 'man,' and Aoyos, 'a discourse.' A
treatise on man. By some, this word is used for
the science of the structure and functions of the
human body. Frequently, it is employed synony-
mously with Natural History and Physioloijy of
J J (III.
A N T n 11 POMAGNETISMUS, Magnetism,
animal.
ANTIIROPOMANCY, AnthropomantV a, from
aySpwirof, 'a man,' and /xavrtta, 'divination.' Di-
vination by inspecting the entrails of a dead man.
ANTIIROPOM'ETRY', from avSpijowog, 'a man,'
and fiirpov, 'measure.' Measurement of the di-
mensions of the different parts of the human body.
ANTIIROPOMORPHOLOGY, Anatomy (de-
serii>tive).
ANTIIROPOMORPHUS, Atropa mandragora.
ANTHROPON'OMY, Anthroponom'ia, from
av^p<j)TToi, 'man,' and vonog, 'law.' A knowledge
of tlie special laws which preside over the func-
tions of the human body in action.
ANTIIROPOPH'AGUS, (F.) Anthropophage,
from avSpuirof, 'a man,' and (jtayui, 'I eat.' A
name irivon to one who eats his own species.
ANTIIROPOPH'AGY, Anthropopha'gia, same
etymon. The custom of eating human flesh. A
disease in which there is great desire to eat it.
ANTllROPOS, Homo.
ANTIIROPOSCOPIA, Physiognomy.
ANTIIROPOTOMY, Andranatomia.
A^'TIIUS, Flos.
ANTilYPNOT'IC, Anihypnot'icHS, Antihyp-
vot'ic, Agrypnot'ic, from avri, 'against,' and
'vTvuiTiKoi, 'stupefying.' A remedy for stupor.
ANTUYPOCHON'DRIAC, Antliypodumdri'-
acHS, from airi, 'against,' and 'vnoxcvii'taKo;, 'hy-
pochondriac' A remedy for hypochondriasis.
ANTIIYSTER'IC, Antihyater'ic, Antiliyster'-
icun; from avri, 'against,' and 'varcoa, 'the ute-
rus.' A remedy for hysteria.
ANTI. avri, as a prefix, in composition, gene-
rally means 'opposition.'
ANTIADES, Tonsils.
ANTIADITIS, Cynanche tonsillaris.
ANTIAUON'CUS, from avriaies, 'the tonsils.'
and oyKoi, 'tumour.' A swelling of the tonsils.
Swediaur. Auti'oger has a similar meaning.
Antiadoscus InI'-lammatouius, Cynanche ton-
sillaris. „__ , . ... A .
ANTIAPOPLEC'TIC, Aiitiapoplcc'ticus, Anta-
nnpUc'tirus, Apoplec'ticiis, from avn, 'against,'
and aror:\r,ii'h 'apoplexy.' A remedy for apo-
plexy.
AXTIARTS TOXICARIA, see Upas.
ANTIARTHRIT'IC, Antarthrit'ic, Antiar.
thrit'icHu, Antipudag'ric, from avrt, 'against,'
and apSpiTii, 'the gout,' (F.) Antigoutteux. A
remedy for gout.
ANTIASTHEN'IC, Antiasthcn'icus, from avTt,
'against,' and aaOcvua, 'debility.' A remedy for
debility.
ANTIASTHMAT'IC, AntioHthmat'icm, Ant-
aathnmt'icHu, from avri, 'against,' and aadpa,
'asthma.' A remedv for asthma.
ANTIATROPHICUS, Antatrophic.
ANTIBALLOMEXUM, Succedaneum.
AXTIBDELLA, Antlia sanguisuga.
ANTIBECHICUS, Expectorant.
A N T I B R A'C H I A L, Antibraehia'lis. That
which concerns the fore-arm. — Bichat. J. Clo-
quet suggests that the word should be written an-
tebrachial, from ante, 'before,' and brachiiiw,
'the arm' — as antebrachial region, antebrachial
aponeurosis, Ac.
Antebra'chial Aponeuro'sis, (F.) Aponeo-
rose antebrachiale, is a portion of the aponeurotic
sheath which envelops the whole of the upper
limb. It arises from the brachial aponeurosis,
from a fibrous expansion of the tendon of the
biceps muscle, from the epicondjde, epitrochlea,
and, behind, from the tendon of the triceps bra-
chialis. Within, it is inserted into the cubitus,
etc.; and, below, is confounded with the two an-
nular ligaments of the carpus. It is covered by
the skin, by veins, lymphatics, and by filaments
of superficial nerves ; it covers the muscles of the
fore-arm, adheres to them, and sends between
them several fibrous septa, which serve them for
points of insertion.
ANTIBRACHIUM, Fore-arm.
AXTIBRO'MIC, Antibro' miens, from avri,
'against,' and Ppw/to;, ' foetor.' A Deo'dorizer.
An agent that destroys offensive odours — as
chloride of zinc, simple sulphate of alumina, &c.
ANTICACIIEC'TIC, Auticachec'ticns, Anticu-
cochym'ic, from ai/n, 'against,' and xa^c^ta, 'ca-
chexy.' A remedy against cachexy.
ANTICACOCHYMIC, Anticachectic.
ANTICAN'CEROUS, Anticunccro'sns, Anti-
cancro'nus, Anticarcinom' utous, Antisehir'rous,
from avTi, 'against, and KapKiviajia, 'cancer,' car-
cinoma. Opposed to cancer.
ANTICANCROSUS, Anticancerous.
ANTICARCIXOMATOUS, Anticancerous.
ANTICARDIUM, Fossette du eaur, Scrobicu-
lus cordis.
ANTICATAR'RHAL, Antieatarrha'lis, Anti-
catarrho'icus, from avTi, 'against,' and Karappoi,
' catarrh.' A remedy for catarrh.
ANTICAUSOD'IC, Anticausot'ic, Anticau-
sod'icus, from avri, ' against,' and Kavaog, ' a burn-
ing fever.' A remedy for causua or inflammatory
fever.
ANTICAUSOTIC, Anticausodic.
ANTICHEIR, Pollex, see Digitus.
ANTICHCERADICUS, Antiscrofulous.
ANTICHOL'ERIC, Anticholer'icua, from avri,
'against,' and cholera. A remedy against cho-
lera.
AXTICHOLERICA, Sophora heptapbylla.
ANTICIPATING, Antic"ij)ans, Autepo'nens,
Prolept'icus, (F.) Anticipant. An epithet for a
periodical phenomenon, recurring at progress-
ively shorter intervals. An anticipating inter-
mittent is one in which the intervals between the
paroxvsms become progressively less.
ANTICNEMIUM, Shin.
AXTICCEUR, Scrobiculus cordis.
AXTICOL'IC, jijiiicoZ'/ci/s, fromaiTt, 'against,'
and KuXiKof, 'the colic.' That which is opposed
to colic.
ANTICOMMA, Contre-coup.
ANTICOPE
ANTIMOINE
AXTTCOPE, Contre-coup.
ANTICOPOSCOPIUM, Pleximeter.
ANTICIIUSIS, Gonlre-coup.
ANTFCRUSMA, Contre-coup.
ANTICtTS. Anterior.
AXTIDA R TliEUX, Antiherpetic.
AXTIUEIXIS, Counter-indication. ,
ANTIDIARRIKE'IC, Antidiarrhoe'icus. A
remedy for diarrhroii. Opposed to diarrhoea.
ANTIU'INIC, Antidin'icus, Biii'ic, Bin'icns,
fromaiTi, 'against,' and iivoi, 'vertigo.' Opposed
to vertisro.
AN'TIDOTAL, Antidota'lis, same etymon as
antidiite. Relating to an antidote ; possessed of
the powers of an antidote.
ANTIDOTA'RIUM, from avn&oTov, 'an anti-
dote.' A dispensatory. A pharmacopoeia or for-
mulary. An'tidotary was used formerly for any
composition that had the properties of an anti-
dote.
ANTTDOTARY, see Antidotarium.
AN'TIDO TE, A)i«irf'o?M)n, from avn, 'against,
and (5((5w/u, 'I give.' Originallj', this word signi-
fied an internal remexhj. It is now used synony-
mously with counter-poison, antiphar' macum, (F.)
Cojitre-poinon, and signifies any remedy capable
of combating the effect of poison.
A List of reputed Antidotes.
Chalk.
Soap.
5. SUI-PHURETS.
Sulphuretted Hydrogen,
dissolved in water.
Sulphuret of Potassium.
6. Haloids.
Chlorino.
7. Metallic Oxides.
Hydrated Sesqui-oxide of
Iron.
Mixed Oxides of Iron.
8. Orgaxic Substances.
Albuminous Substances,
(Albumen, Casein, and
Gluten.)
Starch.
Oil.
Animal Charcoal.
1. Metals.
Iron Filings.
Zinc Filings.
2. Acids.
Tannic Acid.
Acetic or Citric Acid.
3. Salts.
Alkaline or Earthy Sul-
phates.
Chloride of Sodium.
Hypochlorite of Soda or
of Lime.
4. Alkalines.
Ammonia.
Carbonates of Ammonia.
Carbonates of Soda.
Masnesia.
Carbonate of Magnesia.
Lime Water.
ANTIDOTUM HERACLIDIS, Enneaphar-
macos — a. Mithridatium, Mithridate.
ANTIDYNAMICA, Debilitants.
ANTIDYNOUS, Anodyne.
ANTTDYSENTER'IC, Antidi/senter'icus, from
iiTi, 'against.' ivs, 'with difficulty,' and evTepov,
'intestine.' Opposed to dysentery.
A N T I E M E T'l C, Antemet'ic, Antiemet'icux,
from nvri, 'against,' and tfxtTiKoi, 'emetic.' A
remedv for vomiting.
ANTIEPHIAT/TIC or ANTEPHIAL'TTC,
Antiephidl'ticns, from avTi, 'against,' and ciptaXrrn,
'nightmare.' A remedy for nightmare.
ANTIEPILEP'TIC or ANTEPILEP'TIC,
Antiepilcp'ticim, from avri, 'against,' and mi-
Xirlt"' 'epilepsy.' A remedy for epilepsy
ANTIFEBRILIS, Febrifuge.
ANTIGALAC'TIC, Antir,:,lac'ticns, AntiUc'-
teu8. from avn, 'against,' and yn\a, yaUxros,
'milk.' (F.) Antilaiteuor. Opposed to the secre-
tion of milk or to diseases caused by the milk
ANTIG'ONI COLLYR'IUM NIGRUM, Black
colh/riiim of AsriG'osvs. It was composed of
cadmia, antimony, pepper, verdigris, gum Arabic,
and water.
ANTIGUA, see West Indies.
ANTriL^MOPTYICUS, Authajmoptyicus.
ANTIIIEC'TIC, Antihec'ticus, Anthec'ticns,
from avn, ' against,' and 'tin, ' habit of body.'
The Antihec'ticum PoTK'Rit is the white oxyd of
antimony ; also called Diaphoret'icum Jocia'le.
ANTIHELIX, Antheli.v.
ANTIHELMINTIOUS, Anthelmintic.
ANTI1IE.MURRIIAG"IC, AntihoBmorrhnfj".
icus, A)ith(Bniorr!ui(/"icus, from avrt, 'against,'
and 'aifioppayia, 'hemorrhage.' That which is
against hemorrhage; an antihemorrhagic re-
medv.
ANTIHEM0RRH0ID'AL,7l)i?»7/«wo»v/(otrfa'-
?('«, from avTi, 'against,' and 'atfioppoiici, 'hemor-
rhoids.' A remedy for hemorrhoids.
ANTIIiERPET'IC, Anti/ierpet'irus, from avn,
'against,' and 'ipira, 'herpes.' {F.) Antidartreux.
A remedy for herpes.
ANTIHYDROPHOB'IC, Antihydrophoh'icuH,
Antilys'sus, Ali/a'sua, from avn, 'against,' 'vSwp,
'water,' and <po(ioi, 'dread.' A remedy for hydro-
phobia.
ANTIHYDROP'IC, AntiJnjdrop'icnn, Ilydrop'.
icus, from avn, 'against,' and 'vSpwip, ' dropsj'.' A
remedy for dropsy.
ANTIIIYPNOTIC, Anthypnotic.
ANTIIIYSTERIC, Anthystcric.
ANTI-ICTERIC, Anti-ictcr'icns; Ictcr'icue,
from avn, ' against,' and iKTcpog, 'jaundice.' A
remedy for jaundice.
ANTI-IMPETIGENES, SOLOMON'S, see
Liquor Hydrargyri oxymuriatis.
ANTILABIUM, Prolabium, see Antolabia.
ANTILACTEUS, Antigalactic.
ANriLAITEUX, Antigalactic.
ANTILEP'SIS, Apprchen'sio, from avn\api-
I3avu), 'I take hold of.' The mode of attaching a
bandage over a diseased part, by fixing it upon
the sound parts. — Hippocrates. The mode of
securing bandages, <fec., from slipping. Treat-
ment by revulsion or derivation.
ANTILETIIAR'GIC, Antilethar'r/icus, from
ajTi, 'against,' and \>iOiipytkof, 'affected with
lethargy.' A remedy for lethargy.
ANTILITIl'ICS, Antitith'ica, Lith'ica, from
avn, 'against,' and AiOof, 'a stone.' A substance
that prevents the formation of calculi in the uri-
nary organs.
The chief antilithics — according as the calculi
are lithic acid or phosphatic — are alkalies or
acids; with revellents, especially change of air;
tonics, as diosma crenata [?], and uva ursi [?].
ANTILLY, MINERAL WATERS OF. A
celebrated French medicinal spring, near Meaux,
in France. The waters have not been analyzed;
but astonishing and chimerical effects have been
ascribed to them.
ANTILOBIUM, Antitragus, Tragus.
ANTILOI'MIC, Antiloi'micus, AntiWmic, An-
tipestiletitia'lis, from avn, 'ag.ainst,' and Xoipo;,
' the plague.' A remedy for the plague.
ANTILO'PUS. The An' telope. {¥.) Gazelle,
from avdoi, 'a flower,' and wi^, 'the eye' — so
called from its beautiful eye. An African animal,
whose hoofs and horns were formerly given ia
hysteric and eijileptic cases.
ANTILYSSUS, Antihydrophobic.
ANTIMEL'ANCHOLIC, Antimclanchol'.icHs,
from avn, 'against,' and iii:\ay)(^oXta, 'melan-
choly.' A remedy for melancholy.
ANTIMEPIIIT'IC, Antimephi't'icus, from avn,
'against,' and mephitic. A remedy against me-
phitic or deleterious gases.
ANTIMIASMAT'IC, AntimiaKmat'icuo, from
avn, 'against,' and fiiaa^ia, pnaaiiaroi, 'miasma.'
A remedy against miasmatic aflfection«
ANTIMOINE, Antimoniura — n. jjeurre d',
Antimonium muriatum— «. Chlorwe d', Antimo-
niura munatum— a. Oj-(We (/', Algaroth— n. Oxide
Uunc d', Antimonium diaphoreticum— a »jufre
dore d', Antimonii sulphuretum praicipitatum —
a. Sulfure cZ, Antimonium— «. Sulfure, hydroeuU
A N T I M N I A L
ANTIMONIUM
phure rouge d', Anlimonii Eulphurctum rubrura
— a. Ven-e iP, Antiuionii vitrum.
ANTIM0'NIAL,^/<n»omia7i«, Stibia'Us, from
autimoitiitm, 'antimony.' A composition into
which antimony enters. A preparation of anti-
mony.
An'timo'nial Powder, Pulvig antiwonia'lh,
Ox' ilium iinlimo'nii cum phos'phate calcio, Phus-
phiiH cfilcia atibia'tiis seu cnl'cicum stibin'tum,
Pid'viH Jame'sii seu ntibia'tua seu de phot'phiite
cold's et Ktib'ii compositiiK, Factitious James's
Powder, SchwANBEKg's Fever Powder, Chene-
Vix's Aiitimonial Powder, (F.) Poudre aiitimo-
iiinle composee ou de James. A peroxide of an-
timony combined with phosphate of lime. {Tal.e
of coiniiton snlphurct of antimmnj, tbj ; hartKhorn
ehficimjK, Ibij. Roast in an iron pot, until they
form a gray powder. Put this into a long pot,
with A small hole in the cover. Keep it in a red
heat for two hours, and grind to a fine powder.)
This preparation has long been esteemed as a
febrifuge: but it is extremely uncertain in its
action. The ordinary dose is 6 or 8 grains.
ANTTMONIALE CAUSTICUM, Antimonium
muriatum.
ANTIMONIATUM SULPHUR, Antimonii
Eulphuretum priccipitatum — a. Tartar, Antimo-
nium tartarizatum.
ANTIMONII BUTYRUM, Antimonium mu-
riatum — a. Calx, Antimonium diaphoreticum — a.
Cerussa, Antimonium diaphoreticum — a. et Po-
tassje tartras, Antimonium tartarizatum — a. Mu-
rias, Antimonium muriatum — a. Oleum, Antimo-
nium muriatum — a. Oxydulum hydrosulphuratum
aurantiacum, Antimonii sulpliuretum priccipita-
tum — a. Oxydum, see Algnroth — a. Oxydum aura-
turn, Antimonii sulphuratum praecipitatum — a.
Oxydum nitro-niuriaticum, Algaroth — a. Oxydum
cum sulphuro vitrifactura, Antimonii vitrum — a.
Oxyilum sulpliuretum vitrifactum, Antimonii vi-
trum — a. Oxysulphuretum, A. sulphuretum praeci-
pitatum — a. Potassio-tartras, AntiuKmium tartari-
zatum — a. llegulus tnedicinalis, Antimonium me-
dicinale — a. Sal, Antimonium tartarizatum — a.
Sulphur auratutn, Antimonii sulpliuretum pric-
cipitatum — a. Sulphur pr;Bcipitatum, Antinioiiii
sulphuretum praicipitatum — a. Sulphuretum,
Antimonium.
AnTIMO'NII SuLPHURE'TUM PRyTIOIPITA'TUM,
Sulphur antimouin'tum, Ili/drosulphure'tum uti-
bio'sum cum suV phure, Oco'den stib'ii snlphtu-ii'-
tum, O.ri/d'ulum autimo'itii hijdrosulphurn'liiiii
auranti'ocum, O.r'ydunt a urn' turn niitiiiio'iiii, Sitl-
phnre'tum stib'ii oxyduJa'ti, Ifi/dro-njd/ure'tum
lu'teum ox'ydi stib'ii sul/ura'ti. Sulphur autimo'-
iiii prcBcipita'tum, Sulphur aura'tum untimu'nii,
Golden Sulphur of Antimony.
Antimo'nii Sulphure'tum Prcpcipitatum, A. Oxy-
sulphuretum, (F.) Sou/re dor6 d'Aiitimoiue, of the
London Pharmacopoeia, is nearly the same as the
old Kermcs or Chcrmes Mineral. It is a powder
of an orange colour, of a metallic, styptic taste.
It is emetic, diaphoretic, and cathartic, according
to the dose; and has been chiefly used in chronic
rheumatism, and in cutaneous afl'ections. Dose,
gr. j to gr. iv.
Antimonii Sulphuretum Pracipitntum, of the
United States Pharmacopoeia, is made by boiling
together Sulphuret of Antimony, in fine powder,
Solution of Potniisn, and distilled water ; strain-
ing the liquor while hot, and dropping into it
Diluted Sulj>huric Acid SO long as it produces a
precipitate.
Antimo'nii Sulphure'tum Eubrum, 7?crf Sul'-
phuret of Antimony, HydrosulfHre'tum stib'ii
rubruni, Snb-hydrosul'fas stib'ii, Hydro-snlphure'-
tum rubrnm stib'ii sulphura'ti, Pulcis Carthusia-
vo'rum, Kcrmes or Chermes mineral, (F.) Hydro-
sulfure rouije d'Antimuiue sul/uri, Vermilion de
I Provence. Properties the same as the List. Dose,
gr. j to gr. iv.
Antimonii Tartras, Antimonium tartarizatum
— a. Tartras et PotassK, Antimonium tartarizatum
— a. Vitrum hyacinthinum, Antimonii vitrum — a,
Tersuliihuretum, Antimonium.
Antimo'nii Vitrum, Glass of Antimony, Anti-
vw'nii^ ox'ydum sulphure'tum vitrifae'tum. Ox' -
ydum stib'ii semivil'reum, Antimo'uium vitrifac'-
tum, Ox'ydum antimo'nii cum sul'phure vitrifac'-
tum, Vitrum stib'ii, Antimo'nii vitrum hyacin'-
thinum, Oxyd'ulum stib'ii vitrea'tum, (F.) }'erre
d'Antimuiue. (Formed by roasiing powdered
common antimony in a shallow vessel, over a
gentle fire, till it is of a whitish gray colour, and
emits no fumes in a red heat; then melting it, on
a quick fire, into a clean, brownish red glass.)
It has been used for preparing the tartarized
antimony and antimonial wine.
ANTIiMONIOUS ACID, Antimonium diapho-
reticum.
ANTIMO'NIUM, of unknown derivation : by
some supposed to be from am, 'against,' and
/ioi-oj, 'alone;' ?. e. not found alone: or, accord-
ing to others, from avn, 'against,' and moine, 'a
monk ;' because, it is asserted, certain monks
sutl'ered much from it. Stihi, Stib'ium, Rcg'ulua
Antimo'nii, JUnera'lium, Gynare'um, 3!n(jne'sia
Sntur'ni, jlfarcasi'la jilnm'bca, Platynphthal'mon,
Stim'mi, Aurnm lepro'sum, Antimo'nium vriulnm,
Antimo'nii sulphure'tum (Ph. U. B.), A. Ttrsul-
phure'tum, Sulphure'tum stib'ii niijrum, Common
or Crude Autimoinj, Sulphuret nf Antimony, (F.)
Antimoine, Sulfure d'Antimoine. Sulphuret of
antimony is the ore from which all the prejiara-
ti^ns of antimony are formed. In Pharmacy, it
is the native sestiuisulphuret of antimony, puri-
fied by fusion. When prepared for meilical use,
by trituration and levigation, it forms a powder,
Antimo'nii sulphure'tum prapara'tum, (Ph. D.)
of a black, or bluish gray colour, which is inso-
luble. It is slightly diaphoretic and alterative,
and has been used in chronic rheumatism, cuta-
neous diseases, <fec.
Antimonium Album, Bismuth — a. Calcinatum,
Antimonium diajihoreticum.
Antimo'nium Diaphoret'icum, Diaphoret'ic
Antimony, Antimo'iiions Acid, J/in'eral Jiez'oard,
Antimo'nium Calcina'tnm, Mineral Diaphoret'ic,
Matiere perlee de KkrkriNG, Peroxide of Anti-
mony, ddx Antimo'nii, Antimo'nium diaphoret'-
icum latum, Cerus'sa Antimo'nii, Calx Antimo'nii
elo'ta, Oxo'dcs stib'ii album, Ox'ydum stibio'snm,
Ox'ydum stib'ii album median'te nitro confectuiu,
Potasses biantimo'nias, Deutoxide of Antimony,
(F.) Oxide blanc d'Antimoine preparS par le
may en dn nitre. [Common antimony, tbj; jmri/ied
nitre, ftiij. — Throw it by spoonfuls into a red-hot
crucible ; powder and wash. The flowers that
stick to the side of the crucible must be carefully
separated, otherwise they render it emetic)
Dose, gr. x. to xxx.
Antimonium Emetici'M, A. tartarizatum.
Antimo'nium Medicina'lk, A'ey'ulus Antimo'-
nii Medicina'lis, Medic" Innl Reifnlns of Anti-
mony. [Antimon. suljthur. ^v Potass, subcarb.
^i Sodii chlorid. ^\v. Powder, mix, and melt.
When cold, separate the scoriic at top, powder
the mass, and wash it well.) It is conceived to
be more active than common antimony.
.Antimo'nium Muria'tum, Antimo'nii Mu'ria«,
Chlor'uret of Au'timony, Chlorurc'tum stib'ii,
Spuma trium draco'num, Deuto-mnrlas stib'ii
sublima'tus, Butter of Antimony, Muriate of An-
timony, Chloride of Antimony, Ihity'rnm Antimo'-
nii seu stib'ii, O'leum Antimo'nii, Caus'ticum anti-
monin'le, Antimonium sali'tum, (F.) Chlorure
d'Antimoine, Beurre d'Antimoine. (Common an-
ANTmONY
ANTIPIIYSICAL
timnny ntiil corrosive sublimate, of each equal
parts : griiTl tor;ether, ami distil in a wide-necked
retort, and let the butyraceous matter, that comes
over, run, in a moist, place, to a liquid oil.) A
caustic, but not much used as such. Sometimes
taken as poison.
Antimonujm SALiTr>f. Antimonium muriatum.
Antisio'nium Taiitahiza'tlim, 'J\u-trn8 anti-
nil/ nil, TarlriiH Aittimo'nii et t'ot<i.s>i(B, Aiitiino'-
mi et I'ofnsscB Ttirtnis (Ph. U. S.), Aiitimo'nii
jMitan'sio-tartrnx, Tnrfris Antiino'itii, Tartar An-
tiinoni'a'tnm, Snl Aiitimo'nii, Tcirtrus Potan'xw
stibio'uKS sou etibia'lis, Tartris lixin' i(B stil/ia'tiis,
Deiito-tartrnn potas'ncB et stib'ii, Tar'tarns emet'-
icus seu utibia'tun, Tar'taritm emet'icnm, Antimo'-
iiiiiin cmet'iciini, Tar'larized An'timony, Tartrate
of Antimony and potan'sa, Potatsio-tartrate of
Antimony, Eniet'ic Tartar, Tartar Emetic, (P.)
Tartre stibie, Tartre Jiinetiqne, Enu'tique ; in
some parts of the United States, vulgarly and
improperly called Tartar: (Made by digesting
snl/ihnret of antimony in a mixture of nitric and
■muriatic acids with the aid of heat; filtering the
liquor, and pouring it into water: freeing the
precipitate from acid, by washing and drying it;
adding this powder to bitartrute of potasKa in
boiling diitillcd water ; boiling for an hour, and
after filtering the liquor while hot. setting it
aside to crystallize. — I'h. U. S.) Tartarized an-
timony is emetic, sometimes cathartic and dia-
])horetic. Externally, it is rubefacient, and in
the form of ointment, more especially iini/uentnvi
anti'monii is used to cause pustulation. l)ose, as
an emetic, gr. j to gr. iv in solution: as a dia-
phoretic, gr. one-sixteenth to gr. one-quarter.
The empirical preparation, called Nomns's
Duoi'S, consists of a solution of tartarized anti-
mony in rectified spirit, disguised by the addi-
tion of some vegetable colouring matter.
ANTiMoNiinr ViTiuPACTUM, Antiinonii vitrum.
ANTTMOXY, Antimonium — a. Ihitter of,
Antimonium muriatum — a. Chloride of, Anti-
monium muriatum — a. Chloruret of, Antimo-
nium muriatum — a. Common, Antimonium —
ii. Crude, Antimonium — a. Deutoxide of, Anti-
monium diiiphoreticum — a. Flowers of. Alga-
roth — a. Glass of, Antimonii vitrum — a. Golden
sulphur of, Antimonii sulphuretum praecipitatum
— a. Medicinal regulus of, Antimonium raedici-
nale — a. Muriate of, Antimonium muriatum — a.
Peroxiile of, Antimonium diaphoreticum — a.
Potassio-tartrate of, Antimonium tartarizatum —
.1. Sulphuret of, red, Antimonii sulphuretum ru-
brum — -a. Tartarized, Antimonium tartarizatum —
a. Terchloride of, see Algaroth — a. Teroxide of,
see Algaroth — a. Vegetable, Eupatorium perfoli-
atum.
Antimony and Potassa, Tartrate op, Anti-
monium tartarizatum.
ANTINEPHRIT'IC, Aminephret'ic, Antine-
phret'icm, from apri, 'against,' and ve(ppiTis, 'ne-
phritis.' A remedy for inflaminabion of the kidney
ANTINEUROPATHIC, Nervine.
ANTIXEUROTIC, Nervine.
ANTINIAD, see Antinial.
ANTIN'IAL, from avn, 'against,' and tviov,
'the ridge of the occiput.' An epithet for an
aspect towards the side opposite to the inion, or
ridge of the occiput. — Barclay. Antiniad is used
adverbially by the same writer, to signify ' to-
wanls the antinial aspect.'
ANTrOCill IU'ERA. A preparation ex-
tolled by the ancients in melancholy, hydropho-
bia, epilepsy, &c. It was formed of germander,
agaric, pulp of colocynth, Arabian stoechas, opo-
ponax, sagapenum, parsley, aristoloehia, white
pepper, cinnamon, lavender, myrrh, honey, &c.
Antiochi Tiikriaca. A theriac employed by
Antiochiis Ajjaiiist every kind of poison. It was -
composed of thyme, opoponax, millet, trefoil,
fennel, aniseed, nigella sativa, <fec.
ANTIODONTAL'GIC, AntodontiVgic, Anto-
dontal'yicus, Odontal'ijic, Odont'ic, Antiodontal'.
gicim, from avn ' against,' and oiovraXyta, 'tooth-
ache.' A remedy for toothache.
ANTIORGAS'TIC, AnliorgaH'ticm, from avn,
' against,' and opyau). ' I desire vehemently.' A
remedy for orgasm or erethism, and for irritation
in general.
ANTIPARALY'T'IC, Antipara/yt'iciw, from
avn, ' against,' and jrapaAuffij, 'pals^'.' Opposed
to palsy.
ANTIPARASIT'IC, Antlparasit'icnK, Aiiti.
jjhiheiriacns, PhtJii'riui, Parasit'icide ; from avn,
' against,' and Trapatriro?, ' a parasite.' An agent
that destroys parasites, as the different vermin
that infest the body. The chief antiparasitics
are Coccnlns, Staph inayria, Veratriini album, and
certain of the mercurial preparations.
ANTIPARASTATI'TIS, from ai-n, ' opposite,'
and TzapaaTarni, ' the epididymis ;' also, ' the pros-
tate,' and itix, denoting inflammation. lufiam-
mation of Cowper's glands.
ANTIPATHI'A, from ai/ri, 'against,' and iraOof,
'passion, affection.' Aversion. A natural re-
pugnance to any person or thing.
ANTIPATir'rC, Ant i path' icus, (F.) Antipu-
thiqne. Belonging to antipathy. Opposite, con-
trary,^— as hnmeurn aiilipathiqiics ; humours op-
posed to each other. Also, palliatives.
ANTIP'ATRI TIIERIACA, Theriac of M-
tip'ater. A farrago of more than 40 articles:
used as an antidote against the bites of serpents,
ANTIPERIOD'IC, Antiperiod'ieu'!, Anfityp'.
icnn, from niTf, 'against,' and Trcpioio;, 'period.'
A remedy which possesses the power of arresting
morbid periodical movements ; — e. g. the sulphato
of quinia in intermittents.
ANTIPERISTAL'TIC, AntiperiHal'tiens, An-
tivermic'idar, from avn, 'against,' and zcoitsTtWiii,
' I contract.' An inverted action of the intestinal
tube.
ANTIPERIS'TASIS,from avn, 'against,' and
neptaraaii, 'reunion, aggregation.' A union of
opposite circumstances : the action of two con-
trary qualities, one of which augments the force
of the other. The i)eripateticians asserted, that
it is by Antiperistasis, that fire is hotter in winter
than in summer. Theophrastus attributes the
cause, which renders man more vigorous, and
makes him digest more readily in winter, to the
augmentation of heat caused by Antiperistasis.
ANTIPER'NIUS, from avn, 'against,' and
Pernio, 'a chilblain.' A remedy against chil-
blains ; — as Unrjnen'tum antiper'nium, an oint-
ment for chilblains.
ANTIPERTUSSIS, see Zinci sulphas.
ANTIPESTILENTIALIS, Antiloimic.
ANTrPIIARMACUS, Alexipharmic.
ANTIPIILOGIS'TIC, AntiphUqix'ticni,, PWc
ffo'fjus, from avn, ' against,' and ^Xtyu, ' I burn.'
Opposed to inflammation; as Antiphloyistic re-
mediei, A. reqimen, <fec.
ANTIPIITHEIRrAGA, Antiphthiriaca, from
avn, 'against,' and (pStipiaio, 'I am lousy.' A
remedy used to destroy lice.
ANTIPIITHIS'ICAL, Antiphthis'icm, from
avn, 'against,' and <j,^iaii, 'consumption.' Op-
posed to phthisis.
ANTIPHYSETICS, Carminatives.
ANTIPHYSICA, Carminatives.
^ ANTIPIIYS'ICAL, AntiphyH'icns, from avn,
agivinst,' and (jivaaw, 'I blow.' An expeller of
wind : a carminative.
It has also been used for any thing preterna-
tural; here, the derivation is from avn, 'a"-ainst,'
and 0„orK, 'nature.' The French sometim"es say,
Uh fjofu untiphyHique; 'au unnatural taste.'
A N T 1 1' [. A 3 T I C
ANTRUM
ANTIPLAS'TIC, Aniipl„>,'t;rH.t, J>l<isHI,,i';c,
Pliiatili/t' icKv, from avTi, ' against,' and Tt)iaaTiKos,
'formative.' Antiloriniitive. An agent that
diniinixhes the quantity of plastic matter — fibrin
— in the blood.
ANTIPLEURIT'IC, Antipleuret'icua, Anti-
pleiiret'ic, from avri, 'against,' and vXcvpirti,
' pleurisy.' Opposed to pleurisy.
ANTil'NEUMON'IC, Antipnenmon'icus, from
avTi, 'against,' and TTvevfiijivta, 'disease or inflam-
mation of the lungs.' A remedy for disease or
inflammation of the lungs.
ANTI PODAGRIC, Antiarthritic.
ANTIPIIAX'IS, from avrt, 'against,' and
Trpaaao), ' I act.' A contrary state of different
parts in the same patient: e. g. an increase of
heat in one organ, and diminution in another.
ANTIPSOll'IC, Aiitipso'n'cHu, Antiaca'biouH,
from avTt, 'against,' and xpuipa, 'the itch.' (F.)
Aiifi'/'i/eii.r. Opposed to the itch.
ANTIPUTHID, Antiseptic.
ANTIPY'IC, Aniipy'ictts, from avri, 'against,'
and TTvov, '])us.' Opposed to suppuration.
ANTIPYRETIC, Febrifuge.
ANTIPYROT'IC, Antipijrot'icun, from avTi,
'against,' and nvp, 'fire.' Opposed to burns or
to pyrosis.
ANTIQUARTANA'RIUM, Antiqiiar'tlnm. A
remedy formerly used against quartan fever.
ANTIQUUS, Chronic.
ANTIRIIACIIIT'IC, Antlrhachit'icus, from
nvTi, 'against,' and rachitis. Opposed to rachitis,
or riclict':.
ANTIRIIEUMAT'IC, Antirrhcnmat'icua; from
avTi, ' against,' and pcupa, 'rheumatism.' A re-
medy for rheumatism.
ANTIRIIINUM ACUTANGULUM, A. Lina-
ria — a. Auriculatum, A. Elatinc.
Antirhi'num Elati'ni?,, a. auricula' turn, Ela-
tl'ite, E. hnsta'ta, Liua'ria elali'ne, Cymhula'riu
clati'ne, Flitellfii or Female Speedwell, was for-
merly used against scurvy and old ulcerations.
ANTiitniNUM IIeperaceum, a. Linaria — a.
Ilederrefoliura, A. Linaria.
Antiuhi'num Lina'uia, A. hedera'ceum sen
hedcra/o'liiim seu acittan'gtdum, Lina'ria, L.
vntgn'ria seu cjjmhala' via, Elati'ne cymhala'-
rii(, Cijnihala'ria mvra'lin, Ofi/'riK, Uriiia'ria,
Common Toad Flax, (F.) Linaire. Onl. Scrophu-
lariacesB. The leaves have a bitterish taste. They
arc reputed to be diuretic and cathartic. An
ointment made from them has been extolled in
hemorrhoids.
ANTISCABIOUS, Antipsorie.
ANTLSCIRRHOUS. Anticancerous.
ANTISCOLETICUS, Anthelmintic.
ANTISCOLICUS. Anthelmintic.
ANTISCORBU'TIC, Antiscorbu'ticns, from
avTi, 'against,' and acorhiitus, 'the scurvy.' Op-
posed to scurvy.
ANTISCROF'ULOUS, AntiscropV xdowt, An-
tixrrofiilu'sns, Aiitistrumo'sm, Antichoerad'icus.
Opposed to scrofula.
ANTISEP'TIC, Antiiep'ticus, Antipu'trid,
from avTi, 'against,' and (r»;Troj, 'putrid.' Anti-
pntredino'sus. Opposed to putrefaction. The
chief antiseptics, internally or e.xternally em-
ployed, arc Acidiim Mmiaticnm, Acidiim X'itri-
cnm, Acidiim Siilphiiricum, A^iminte sidphas,
Carlo Li</iii, Calx Chloriitata, Chlorin'inm, Cin-
chona anil its active principles, Creosote, Dauci
J'ddi.r, Ft rnientnm CerevisicB, Soda Chlorinata,
and Zinci Chloridnm. , . . , , . .
ANTISIAL'AGOGUE, Antistalago'gus, Anti-
si'ahw, from avri, 'against,' and maXov, 'saliva.'
A remoiJv against ptyalism.
ANTI.^PASIS. Derivation, Revulsion.
ANTISP.VSMOD'IC, Amispanmod'icns, ylii^i'-
sp'i.,'ticn>:, from avri, 'against, and c-aw, ' I con-
tract.' Opposed to spasm. The whole operation
of antispasmodics is probably revulsive. The
following are the chief reputed antispasmodics.
yEtlicr SulphuriciiK, Asafatida, Caatorcum, Vra-
contium, Jfoachiia, Oleum Animnle Uipipelii, and
Valeriana — with the mental antispasmodics, ab-
straction, powerful emotions, fear, &c. Of direct
antispasmodics, we have no example.
ANTISPASTICUS, Antispasmodic, Deriva-
tive.
ANTISQUA'MIC, Antiaqua'micus ; from onti,
'against,' and squama, 'a scale.' A name given
by Mr. Headland to a medicine, which, by acting
on the blood, removes cutaneous affections. The
name is inappropriate, as the true scaly diseases
— lepra and psoriasis — are not the only ones that
require the use of eutrophics.
ANTISTASIS, Antagonism.
ANTISTERYG'MA, from avn, 'against,' and
aTripvYpa, ' a support.' A fulcrum, support, crutch.
— lIi])pocrates.
ANTISTER'NUM, from avn, 'against,' and
oTcpvov, ' the sternum.' The back. — Rufus.
ANTISTRUMOUS, Antiscrofulous.
ANTISYPHILIT'IC, Antisyphilil'icua, from
avTi, 'against,' and syphilin, 'the venereal dis-
ease.' Opposed to the venereal disease.
ANTITASIS, Counter-extension.
ANTITIIENAR, Opponens poUicis, Adductor
pollicis pedis.
ANTITIIERMA, Refrigerants.
ANTITHORA, Aconitum anthora.
ANTITRAG'ICUS, Anlitra'>jeua, (F.) Miiacle
de I'Antitragiis, M. antitrai/icn.- — (Ch.) Belong-
ing to the antitragus. A small muscle is so
called, the existence of which is not constant.
It occupies the space between the antitragus and
anthelix.
ANTITRAGIEN, Antitragicus.
ANTIT'RAGUS, from avrt, ' opposite to,' and
rpayug, 'the tragus,' Antilo'hium, Ohlo'bium. A
conical eminence on the pavilion of the ear, op-
posite the tragus.
ANTITY'P'IA, from avrt, 'against,' and ruTrru,
' I striiie.' Resistance. Hardness. Repercus-
sion.
ANTITYPICUS, Antipcriodic.
ANTIVENE'REAL, Autirene'reua, from avri,
'against,' and Venus, 'Venus.' The same as An-
tisyphilitic. Formerly it was used synonymously
with Antaphrodisiac.
ANTIVERMICULAR, Antiperistaltic.
ANTIVERMINOSUS, Anthelmintic.
ANT'LIA or ANTLI'A, from avrAjiv, 'to
pump out.' A syringe; a pump. Hence, Antlia
lac'tea, Laciisu't/ium, a breast-pump: and Antlia
sanf/uisu'yn, Antibdel'la, Hiru'do artijicia'lia, the
exhausting syringe used in cupping.
Antlia Gastrica, Stomach-pump.
ANTODONTALGIC, Antiodontalgic.
ANTODYNUS, Anodyne.
ANTRAX, Anthrax.
ANTUE, Antrum — a. d'Hyghmore, Antrum
of Highmore.
ANTROVERSIO, Anteversio.
ANTRUM, 'a cavern,' Carem'a, Bar'ntJirum,
(F.) Autre. A name given to certain cavities in
bones, the entrance to which is smaller than the
bottom.
Antbiim AiiRis, Tj-mpanum — a. Buccinosum,
Cochlea, Labyrinth — a. Dentale, see Tooth — a.
Pylori, see Stomach.
Antrum of HiGHMOnE, Antrum Uighmoria'-
nnm seu GencB seu maxilla're seu maxil'la: supe-
rio'ria, Genyan'trum, Gnathan'trum, Ma.r'iltnry
Sinus, Sinus Gencr. pitnitu' rius, (F.) Autre d'llytjh-
(i more, Siinis M<i.rillairc. A deep cavity in the
j substance of the superior maxillnry hone com-
il municating with the middle meatus of the nose.
ANTSJAR
APERIENT
It is lined by a prolongation of the Schnciderian
membrane.
ANTSJAR, Upas.
AXULARIS, Annular,
ANULUS, Fossette.
AXURESIS, Ischuria.
AXURIA, Ischuria.
ANUROCRINIE, see Ischuria.
ANURORRHEE, see Ischuria.
ANUS, 'a circle,' Podcx, Potcr, Mol'yne, Mo-
h/)i'ie, Dactjl'ioH, Caih'edra, Ci/r'ceoii, Cyn'ntiros,
Ci/sthos, Aph'edra, ApJt'edron, Hedra, Proctoa,
Archos, Sedes, Cuius, Cu'leon. The circular open-
ing situate at the inferior extremity of the rectum,
by which the excrement is expelled. The /nndn-
•uent. The body. The seat, (F.) Siege, Fonde-
ment.
Anus also signifies the anterior orifice of the
Aqueduct of Sylvius. By some, this Anus, called,
also, Fora'men commu'ne poste'rius, has been
supposed to form a communication between the
back part of the third ventricle and the lateral
ventricles. It is close'd up, however, by the tela
choroidea, and also by the fornix, which is inti-
mately connected with this. The foramen is
situate between the commissura mollis of the
optic thalami and the pineal gland.
Anus, Artificial. An opening made artifi-
cially, to supply the place of the natural anus. The
term is often used to include preternatural anus.
Anus Cerebiu, see Aquajductus Sylvii.
Anus, Contract'ed, (F.) Anus retreti. A state
of the anus when, from some cause, it is con-
tracted.
Anus, Imper'forate. A malformation, in
which there is no natural anus. See Atresia ani
adnata.
Anus, Preternat'ural, (F.) Anns contre na-
ture, A. anormal. An accidental opening which
gives issue to the whole or to a part of the fceces.
It may be owing to a wound, or, which is more
common, to gangrene attaclsing the intestine in
a hernial sac.
This term is also employed, as well as Anus
devie, de'vioHS anus, to the case where the anus, in-
stead of being in its natural situation, is in some
neighbouring cavity, as the bladder, vagina, etc.
ANXIETAS, Anxiety — a. Praecordiorum, see
Anxiety.
ANXI'ETY, Anxi'etas, Anxi'etude, Adcenio'-
n!a, Dyspho'ria anxi'etas, Alys'mus, Al'yce, AV-
ysis, Ase, (F.) Anxiete, from an/jere, Gr. ayytiv,
'to strangle, to sufToeate.' A state of restlessness
and agitation, with general indisposition, and a
distressing sense of oppression at the epigastrium,
Anxi'etas prcecordio'rum. Inquietude, anxiety,
and anguish, represent degrees of the same con-
dition.
ANYPNIA, Insomnia.
AOCHLE'SIA, from a, priv., and o)(\as, 'dis-
turbance.' Tranquillity, calmness.
AOR'TA, Arte'ria maijna seu crassn seu max'-
ima, HcBinal Axis, of Owen, (F.) Aorte. This
name was given by Aristotle to the chief artery
of the body. It may have been derived from
aoprcojiai, 'I am suspended,' as it seems to be
suspended from the heart: or from arip, 'air,' and
Trjpiu), 'I keep,' because it was supposed to con-
tain air. It is probable that Hippocrates meant
by aoprai the bronchia and their ramifications.
The aorta is the common trunk of the arteries of
the body. It arises from the left ventricle of the
heart, about opposite to the fifth dorsal vertebra,
passes upwards {ascending Aorta), forms the great
arch of the Aorta, and descends along the left
of the spine {descending Aorta), until it reaches
the middle of the fourth or fifth lumbar vertebra,
■where it bifurcates, to give origin to the common
iliacs. The aorta is sometimes divided into the
Thoracic or Fertoral, and the Ahdonilnal. For
the arteries which arise from it, etc., see Artery.
AORTASIE, Aorteurysma.
AOH TEUTASIE, Aorteurysma.
AORTEURYS'MA, from ao,,Tr,, 'the aorta,'
and ivpvi, 'dilated.' Aneurism of the Aorta, (P.)
Ancvrysnie de I'Aorte, Aortectasie, Aortasie. —
Piorry. By carefully auscultating over the dor-
sal vertebras, a bellows' sound, with a deep aud
not always perceptible impulse, may be detected.
AOR'TIC, Aor'ticus. Relating to the Aorta,
The Aortic ventricle, (F.) Veutricule Aortique, ia
the left ventricle. The Aortic valves are the sig-
moid valves at the origin of the Aorta, etc.
AORTI'TIS, Injlamma'tio Aor'tce, from Aorta,
and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation
of the aorta.
AORTRA, Aortron. A lobe of the lungs.—
Ilippocrateii.
AO'TUS, from a, privative, and ouf, ioroi, 'an
ear.' A monster devoid of ears. — Gurlt.
APAG'MA, Apoclas'ma, Apocecaulis'menon,
from HTTo, 'from,' and ayo), 'I remove.' Separa-
tion, abduction. Separation of a fractured bone.
— Galenus, Foesius.
APAGOGE, Defecation, Inductio.
APALACHINE, Ilex vomitoria— a. u Fenillea
de Prunier, Prinos — a. Gallis, Ilex vomitoria.
APAL'LAGE, Apallax'is, from aTraXarno, 'I
change.' Mutation, change. It is generally
taken in a good sense, and means the change
from disease to health. — Hippocrates.
APALLAXIS, Apallage.
APALOT'ICA, from airaXorri?, 'softness, ten-
derness.' Fortuitous lesions or dcforuiitics affect-
ing the soft parts. The first order in the class
Tychica, of Good.
APAXTHESIS, Apanthismus.
APANTHIS'MUS, Apnnthe'sis, from oto,
'from,' and avQcw, 'I floAver.' The obliteration
of parts previously inservient to useful purpofe?,
as of the ductus venosus and ductus arteriosus,
which are essential to foetal existence, but are
subsequently unnecessary. See also Stuprum.
APANTHRO'PIA, from avro, 'from,' and av-
^puiTToq, 'man.' Detestation of man; desire fur
solitude. — Hippocrates. One of the symptoms
of hypochondriasis.
APAPHRISMOS, Despumation.
APARACH'YTUM VINUM. from a, priv.,
and ■Kapa'xyoi, 'I pour over.' The purest wine:
that which has not been mixed with sea-water. —
Galen.
APARIXE, Galium aparine — a. Hispida, Ga-
lium aparine.
APARTHROSIS, Diarthrosis.
AP'ATHY, Apathi'a, Ameli'a, from a, priva-
tive, and iza^og, 'affection.' (F.) Apathie. Ac-
cidental suspension of the moral feelings. It
takes place in very severe diseases, particularly
in malignant fevers.
APECHE'MA, from otto, 'from,' and i/X"?.
'sound.' Properly the action of reflecting sound.
In medicine, it is synonymous with the Latin
Contrafissura, a counter-fissure, a counter-blow.
— Gorrfeus, Celsus.
APECTOCEPHALUS, Acephalothorus.
APEL'LA, Appel'la, Leipoder'nios, Rccuti'tm,
from a, priv., &nCi. pellis, 'skin.' One whose pre-
puce does not cover the glans. — Galenus, Lin-
naeus, Vogel. Retraction or smallness of any
other soft appendage.— Sagar. One who is cir-
cumcised.
APEPSIA. Dyspepsia.
APE'RIEXT, Apc'riens, Aperiti'rus, from ";<«-
rire (ab and pario), 'to open.' Res'erans. A
laxative. (F.) ApMtif. A medicine which
gently opens the bowels. The term bad for-
merly a much more extensive signification, and,
ATERISTATON
APIASTRUM
like Cutahjt'lcxim, was given to a substance sup-
Ijodfil to have tiie power of opening any of the
pagsi\j:i's. Mild even the blood-vessels.
APHHIS'TATON, Aperiv'tatum, from a, pri-
vntivo, and Ttimarrini, 'I surround.' An epithet
for an ulcer not dangerous nor considerable nor
surrounded by inflaintnation.
APKnrriF, Aperient.
Al'KRITlVUS, Aperient.
Al'EHTOll OCULI, Levator palpebrae supe-
rioris.
APERTO'RTUM, from nperio, 'I open.' An
iustrutnont for ililating the os uteri during labour.
Al'ERTUKA, Mouth — a. Anterior ventriculi
tertii cerebri, Vulva (cerebri) — a. Pelvis superior,
!,ee Pelvis.
APEUTIIYSME^"OS, Rectum.
APEX, Miwro. The point or extremity of a
part. — as the apex of the tongue, nose, etc.
Ai'KX LiNGU.-E, Proglossis.
APH.EIIESIS, Aphcrcsis, Extirpation.
APHALANGl'ASIS, from a, 'intensive,' and
(ioKay^, 'phalanx.' The fourth stage of Oriental
leprosy, which is recognised chiefly by a gangre-
nous condition of the lingers.
APJIASSOM'ENOS, from ai^aaa^, 'I touch, I
foel.' The touching of the parts of generation
of the female as a means of diagnosis. — llippo-
cratcs. See Esaphe.
APIIEDRA. Anus.
APllEDlUA, Menses.
APllEDHON, Anus.
A P II EL I' A, ai/isXjjf, 'simple.' Simplicity.
The siiiii)le manners of the sect of Methodists in
teaching and practising medicine.
APIIELX'IA, from acpc^Kw, 'I abstract.' Vo-
luntary inactivity of the whole or the greater
part of the external senses to the impressions of
surrounding objects, during wakefulness. Jie-
rcry, (F.) Iler-erie. Dr. Gotod has introduced
this into his Nosology, as well as Aphel.r'la so-
cora or absence of mind — A. infen'fn or abstrac-
tifftl of mind: and A. otio'sa, Slu'ditim ina'ue,
Cenosjiu'dia, broron stitd)/ or liatleaa niuaingi
APIIEPSEMA, Decoction.
APHETSIS, Decoction.
APIIE'IIESIS, AplKB'resia, from a<paiptiii, 'I
take away.' An operation by which any part of
the body is separated from the other, ilippo-
crates, according to Focsius, uses the expression
Aphas' resia Smi'tjiiinia for excessive hemorrhage;
and Sennertus, to express the condition of an
animal deprived both of the faculties of the mind
and of the mind itself.
APH'ESIS, from afirjjxi, 'I relax.' A remis-
sion. This word expresses sometimes the dimi-
nution or cessation of a disease; at others, lan-
guor and debility of the lower extremities. See
Lancuor, and Remission.
APIIILAN'TIIROPY, Aphilnnthro'pia, from a,
privative, ^i-Xtu, 'I love,' and av5pu;rof. 'a man.'
Dislike to man. Love of solitude. Vogel has
given tills name to the first degree of melancholy.
APHISTESIS, Abscess.
APIIODEUMA, Excrement.
APHODUS. Excrement.
APHONETUS, Aphonus.
APIIO'NIA, Liija'tio lingucB, Loqne'ln ahol'ita,
Defet:'tiia loqitc'lo!, Dijapho'nia, (of some,) Aph'-
oni/. (F.) Aphonic, Peite de In Voix, from a, pri-
vative, and ^(i>i/i), 'voice.' Privation of voice, or
of the sounds that ought to be pro<liiced in the
glottis. When aphonia forms part of catarrh or
of 'colli.' it is conunonly but of little consequence;
but when jiroduced by causes acting on the ner-
vous system, as by some powerful emotion, or
without any appreciable lesion of the vocal appa-
ratus, (Lari/H'jo-parcilj/ais,) it frequently resists
all remedies.
^ Aphoma, Catalepsy — a. Surdorum, Mutitas
."^urdorum.
APHONICUS, Aphonus.
APIIO'NUS, Apho'nicva, Apho'netua; same
ety.non. Relating to aphonia.
APHONY, Aphonia.
APIIORIA, Sterilitas.
AFIIORICUS, Sterile.
APiIORUS, Sterile.
APIIOIl'ME, aipopuri, 'occasion.' The exter-
nal and manifest cause of any thing. The occa-
sional cause of a disease. — Hippocrates.
APIIRO'DES, 'frothy,' from aippog, 'foam,'
and ci&og, 'resemblance.' Applied to the blood
and the excrements. — Hippocrates.
APHRODISIA, Coition, Puberty.
APIIRODIS'IAC, AphrodixirtcuK, from A0po-
iirri, 'Venus,' (P.) Aphrudiaiaque. Medicine
or food believed to be capable of exciting to the
pleasures of love; as ginger, cautharides, Ac.
They are generally stimulants.
APHRODISIACUS, Venereal.
APHRODISIASMUR. Coition.
APIIRODISIOG'RAPHY, from A0poA<r»,, 'Ve-
nus,' and yjjaipia, 'I describe.' Etyiiiolugically,
this term means a description of the pleasures of
love, but it has been placed at the head of a work
describing the venereal disease.
APHRODITIC, Venereal.
APIIROG'ALA, from a(/.pof, 'foam,' and ya\a,
'milk.' Lac apntiio'snm. A name formerly given
to milk rendered frothy by agitation.
APHRONIA, Apoplexy.
APHRONITRUM, Natrum, Soda.
APHROSYNE, Delirium, Insanity.
APlITIIiE, Apht(B, ApthcE, from arrru), 'I in-
flame." Tltrnah or aore month, Aphtha lactn'ci-
men seu Lifan'tnm, Lactn'cimQti, Laclnciin' ina,
Lactu'minu, Al'colcB, Em'phhjaia aphtha, Ulcera
aerpen'tia oris, I'ua'tuht oria, Febiia aphtho'aa,
Anr/i'nu aphtho'aa, Veaic'nlcB (/inr/ira' nun, Slo-
mati'tia exaudati'va seu vesicnio'aa infun'tntn, Sto-
map'yra, S. aphtha, Pninel'Ut, Whiti' Thruah,
Milk Thrnah. Aphtha; consist of roundish, pearl-
coloured vesicles, confined to the lips, mouth,
and intestinal canal, and generally terminating
in curd-like sloughs. In France, the Aphthae of
children, Aphlhea des En/ana, is called Mnrjuet,
Jlillet, Blanchet, Catarrhe buccal and Stotnatite
cremeitae 2>'dtacee, Pidtaceoita inflammation of
the 3Iouth ; and generally receives two divisions
— the mild or diecrcet, (F.) Mngnet benin ou dis-
cret, and the malignant, (F.) Jfngnet malin ou
confluent, the Black Thrush. Common Thrush is
a disease of no consequence, requiring merely
the use of absorbent laxatives. The malignant
variety, which is rare, is of a more serious cha-
racter, and is accompanied with typhoid symp-
toms, — Typhus aphtho'i'deus.
Armu.F. AntiLTOUDM, Stomatitis, aphthous — a.
Praeputii, Herpes pracputii — a. Serpen tes, Cancer
aquaticus.
APH'THAPHYTE, Aphthaph'yton : OYd'ium
alb'icans. Champignon du Muguet, from aipQai,
'aphthae.' and <f,vrov, 'a vegetable.' A parasitic
vegetable growth observed in aphthae.
APHTHE GAXGKENEUX, Cancer aqua-
ticus.
APHTHES DES EXFAXS, Aphth.-e.
APHTHEVX, Aphthous.
APIITHO'DES, Aphthoidea, Aphlhotdeua, from
aphtha, and ados, 'resemblance.' Aphthous-like.
Resembling aphtha^.
APH'TIIOUS, Aphtho'sua, (F.) Aphthcur. Be-
longing to aphtha?; complicated with aphtha);
as Aphthous Fci-cr.
APIASTRUM, Melissa.
APICES
APOGALACTOS
APICES CRURUM MEUULL.E OBLON-
OAT^, Corpora striata — a. Digitoruui, Pu-
pulic.
APILEPSIA, Apoplexy.
A'PIOL, Apio'lnm, Pdi-sley oil, from apiiim,
'par.-!ley,' and oleum, 'oil.' A yellowish oily
liquid, obtained from opium petroselinnm or
pat-Hley, which, in the dose of 15 grains, has
been used as an antiperiodic.
APIOXTA, see Excretion.
APIOS, Pyrus communis.
APIS, Bee.
API'TES, from anov, 'a pear.' Perry. — Gor-
raeus.
APIUM, A. graveolens — a. Ammi, Ammi — a.
Anisum, Piinpinella anisum — a. Carvi, Carum.
A'pnur Graveolens, Apium, Paluda'pium,
Jieli'num, Se.n'eli (/rneeolenn, Sitim yrttveohns seu
"pium, Siiinllnr/e, (F.) Ache. Ord. Umbclliferae.
Sex. Sijst. Pentandria Digynia. The plants,
roots, and seeds are aperient and carminative.
Seleri/ is a variety of this.
Apium Hortexse, A. graveolens — a. Monta-
num, Athamanta aureosolinum — ^a. Paludapium,
A. Graveolens — a. Petrasum.Bubon Maeedonicum.
Apium Petroseli'nu.m, Apium Horten'se seu
vnUja're, E/eoeeli'num [? ], ' Grielum, PetioneW-
unm. Common Purslei/, (F.) Persil. The root —
I'etroselinum, (Ph. U. S.) — and seeds are diuretic
and aperient. See Apiol.
Apium Sium, Slum nodiflorum — a. Vulgare, A.
graveolens.
APLAS'TIC, Aplas'ficus, from a, privative,
and sAaiTirw, ' I form.' That which is not capable
(if forming ; or is not organizable.
Aplastic Element; one which is unsuscep-
tible of any farther amount of organization. —
(Jerber.
APLESTIA, Ingluvies, Intemperance.
APLEU'ROS, from a, privative, and n'Scvpov,
'a rib.' One without ribs, or pleuras. — Hippo-
crates, Galen.
APLOT'OMY, Aplotom'ia, from aTrAoof, 'sim-
ple,' and TCfivto, 'I cut.' A simple incision.
APNEE, Apnoea.
APNEUMATOSIS, see Atelectasis.
APNEU'MIA, from a,priv., and T;vtvjiu>v, 'lung.'
A monstrosity in which there is absence of lungs.
APNEUMONER'VIA, Apneumonen'rin, from
a, priv., ■nvtvjxh>v, 'lung,' and vivpov, 'nerve.'
Want of nervous action in the lungs.
APNEUSTIA, Apnoea, Asphyxia.
APNCE'A, from a, privative, and w^ia, 'I re-
spire.' {¥.) Apnee, Absence of respiration, A'e-
ti}ira'tio ahol'ita ; or insensible respiration. Also,
Urthopnoea. See Asphyxia.
APNfEA Infantum, Asthma Thymicum.
APNCEASPHYXIA, Asphyxia.
APNUS, aTvooj, same etymon. One devoid of
respiration. An epithet applied by authors to
cases in which the respiration is so small and
slow, that it seems suspended. — Castelli. It is
probable, however, that the word was always ap-
plied to the patient, not to the disease.
APO, airo, a prefix denoting 'from, of, off, out.'
Hence —
APOBAMMA, Embamma.
APOBAINON, Eventus.
APODESOMENON, Eventus.
APOBIOSIS, Death.
APOBLEMA, Abortion.
APOBOLE. Abortion.
APOBRASMA, Furfur.
APOCAPXISMUS, Fumigation.
APOCATASTASIS, Considentia, Restauratio.
APOCATHARSIS, Catharsis.
APOCATHARTICUS, Cathartic.
APOCECAULIS-MENON, Apagma.
APOCENO'SIS, Apnsceiio'sln, from azo, 'out,'
and Ktviaais, 'evacuation.' A partial evacuation
according to some, in opposition to Ccnosis, whicl
signifies a general evacuation. — Cullcn and Swe
diaur apply it to morbid fluxes.
Apocenosis, Abevacuatio — a. Diabetes mclli
tus. Diabetes — a. Ptyalismus mellitus, sec Saliva
tion — a. Voinitus pyrosis, Pyrosis.
APOCHOREON, Excrement.
APOCHREMMA, Sputum.
APOCIIREMPSIS, Exspuition.
i APOCII'YMA, from anoxcia, 'I pour out.' A
sort of tar, obtained from old ships, which is im-
pregnated with chloride of sodium. It was used
as a discutient of tumours. — Aetius, Paulus,
Gorraeus.
APOCm GOBE-MOUCHE, Apocynum an
drosremifolium.
APOCLASMA, Abduction, Apagma.
APOCLEISIS, Asitia, Disgust.
APOCOPE, from ano, and kovtuv, 'to cut.'
Abscission. A wound with loss of substance.
Fracture with loss of part of a bone. Amputation.
APOCOPIIS, Castratus.
APOCRISIS, Contagion, Excrement, Secre-
tion.
APOCROUS'TIC, Apncrous'tica seu Apocrm'-
ticn, (remed'ia,) from airo, 'out,' and A-pouM, 'I
push.' An astringent and repellent. — (ialcnus.
APOCRUSTICA, Apocroustic.
APOCYESIS, Parturition.
APOCYN, see Apocynum Cannabinuni.
APOCYNIN, see Apocynum Cannabinum.
APOCYNUM ANDROSiEMIFO'LIlJxM,(Ph.
U. S.) from OTTO, and kuwv, 'a dog,' because es-
teemed, of old, to be fatal to dogs. Doff'n Bane,
Bitter Boy's Bane, Milkweed, Bitterroot, Honey,
bloom, Catdifly, Flytrnp, Iji'ecac, Amer'iean Ipe-
cac, (F.) Apocin gohe-mouclie, A. amer. Ord.
Apocynaceic. Sex. Si/st. Pentandria Digynia.
The root of this plant is found from Canada to
Carolina. Thirty grains evacuate the stomacli
as effectually as two-thirds of the amount of
Ipecacuanha, by which name it is known in vari-
ous parts of the Eastern States. It is in the
secondary list of the Pharmacopoeia of the United
States.
Apocynum Cannab'inum, (Ph. U. S.) Indian
Hem]}. This American plant possesses emetic,
cathartic, diaphoretic and diuretic properties, has
been strongly recommended in dropsy, and
has been given in decoction, — ^ij of the rcft
boiled in three pints of water to two. A wine-
glassful for a dose. An active principle, Apoci/n
or Apocynin, has been extracted from the root.
Apocynu.m IIvpericefo'lium, a variety of A.
cannabinum, which, as well as A. androsaMiiifo-
lium, abounds in a milky juice. This, when ap-
plied to the skin, produces a troublesome erup-
tion resembling flea-bites : hence, the plants have
been termed, by the voya(jeurs in the Hudson's
Bay territory, Herbes d In puce.
Apocynum Novyf; Anglic IIirsutum, Ascle-
pias tuberosa— a. Orange, Asclepias tuberosa— a.
Scandens, Allamanda.
APODACRYT'ICUS, Belachnjmati'vus, from
ano, 'from,' and <5«<(puio, 'I weep.' A substance,
supposed to occasion a flow of the tears, and then
to arrest them.— CoUunolla, Pliny, Galenus.
APODEMIALGIA, Nostalgia.
APOD'IA, from a, privative, and rots, -om,
'afoot.' Want of feet; hence Apoun or Apu>,
one who has no feet.
APODYTE'RIUM, Coniste'rium, Spoliato'-
rium, Spolia'rium, from arroivht, 'I strip off.' The
ante-room, where the bathers stripped themselves
in the ancient gymnasia.
APOGALACtlSMUS, Weaning
APOGALACTOS, Esubcr.
APOGEUSIS
■9
APOrLECTIC
APOGEUSIS, Ageustia.
AP0(;EUSTIA, Ageustia.
A1'0(;LAUCOSIS, Glaucosis.
AP(HiON'. Iinberbis.
Al'UtiMJNUM, from ano, and ytvofiai, '1 exist'
A liv iriL,' f(wtu.s in utero. — Hippocrates.
AP(JLEl>rsrS, Desquamation.
AI'OLKPISMUS, Desquamation.
APOLEP'SIS, A])oli;p'aUi, Apolip'ah, from
oToXufitJui'oi, ' I retain.' Itetention, suppression.
— lli|i|>c)crates. Asphyxia.
APOLEX'IS, from arruXjjyu), 'I cease.' Old
aj;c, ik'CTc'pifude.
APOLINO'SIS, from aro, and Xivov, 'a flaxen
tiiroiid.' Tiie mode of operating for fistula in
aiK). l)y means of a thread of Homolinon or Linuiii
cnidiim. — Hippocrates, Paulas.
APOEIPSrS. Apolepsis.
APOLLINAUIS ALTERCUM, llyoscyamus.
APOLUTICA, Cicatrisantia.
APOLYS'IAj^^joTysi's, from otoXdo), 'Iloosen.'
Solution. Relaxation. Debility of the limbs or
looseness of bandages. — Erotian. Expulsion of
the foetus and its dejiendeneies. Termination of
a disease. — Hippocrates, Galen.
APOMATHE'MA, Apomnthe'ais, from oto, and
fiav^avbi, ' I learn.' Forgetfulnessof things taught.
— Hippocrates.
APOM'ELI, from oto, 'of,' and ni:\i, 'honey.'
An oxymel or decoction made of honey.— Galen,
Aetius, Paulus, &a.
APOMi:XIS, Munctio.
APOMYLE'NAS, from a-^ofivWaivw, 'I make
a wry mouth.' One who pushes his lips forwards,
pressing them against each other. Occasionally
A symptom of nervous fever. — Galen, Erotian.
APOMYTHO'SIS, Apnmi/lto'nis, from a-roiwaaw,
' I snore.' A disease in which there is stertor. —
Sauvages, Sagar.
APO.MYXIA, Nasal mucus.
APONEUROG'RAPHY, Aponein-orji-a'phin,
from arrovtvpiiicrii, an ' aponeurosis,' and ypacpij,
' a description.' A description of the Aponeu-
roses.
A P N E U R L'O G Y, Apo)ieurnIog"ia, from
axovivimati, -'an aponeurosis,' and \oyos, 'a dis-
course.' Aponenrosiol'ogi/. The anatomy of the
aponeuroses.
APONEUROSIOLOGY, Aponeurology.
A PON EURO 'SIS, Apoiiei-ro'iits, from avo,
'from,' and vevpov, 'a nerve.' Pronerva'ti'o, De-
verva'tio, Enerva'tio, Ex'jynu'sio nervo'sn, (F. )
Aponeiirose, Apotievrose. The .ancients called
every white part vevpov, and regarded the Apo-
neurosis as a nervous expansion. The Aponeu-
roses are white, shining membranes, very resist-
ing, and composed of fibres interlaced. Some
are continuous with the muscular fibres, and difl^er
only from tendons by their flat form. They are
called Aponeuroses of inxertion, (F.) Apoiierroses
d'insertion, when they are at the extremities of
muscles, and attach them to the bone; — Aponeu-
roses of intersection, (F.) Aponerroses d'interscc-
tion, if they interrupt the continuity of the mus-
cle, and are continuous on both sides with mus-
cular fil>res. Others surround the muscle, and
prevent its displacement : tliey are called envelop-
ing Aponeuroses, (F.) Aponerroses d'enreloppe.
Ai'ONKitROSis, Fascia — a. Crural, Fascia lata —
a. Femoral, Fascia lata — a. Iliac, Fascia iliaca.
APOXEUROSI'TIS, from aponeurosis, and
ids, 'denoting inflammation.' Inflammation of
an apon.Mirosis.
APOXEUROT'IC, Aponeurot'icus. What re-
lates to Aponeuroses: — thus, we say Aponeurotic
exponsiou. Aponeurotic muscle, &C.
APONEUKOT'OMY'", Apnneurotom'ia, from
avovivpwati, ' aponeurosis,' and rc//i(D, ' I cut.'
Anatomy of aponeuroses.
Aponeurotomy has, also, been proposed for tho
division, {debridement) of filaments, Ac, in apo-
neurotic openings, and for the section of fasciaj.
AP0N£VR0SE P£dIEUSE, see Pedal
Aponeurosis — n. Superficielle de V Abdomen et de
la Ouisse, Fascia superficialis.
APONEVROSIS, Aponeurosis.
APOX'IA, from a, privative, and zovos, 'pain.'
Freedom from pain.
APONIPSIS, Ablution.
APOPALLE'SIS, Apopnl'sis, from as-OTraXXoj,
'I throw off.' Expulsion. Protrusion. — Hippo-
crates. Also, Abortion.
APOPATE'MA, Apop'athos, Apop'atus. Tho
excrement, and the place where it is deposited. —
Dioscorides, Erotian.
APOPEDASIS, Luxation.
APOPHLEGMATISANS PER NARES, Er-
rhine — a. jier Os, Sialogogue.
APOPHLEG.MATISAX'TIA, Aj^opJdegmati-
son'ta, Apophle(jniatls'nii, from oto, 'out,' and
(pXeyfia, ' phlegm.' Medicines which facilitate the
upward expulsion of mucus from the mucous
membrane of the digestive or air passages; as
gargles, masticatories, &c.
APOPHLEG'MATl SM, Apophler/matis'mus.
The action of Apophlegmatisantia. — Galen.
APOPHLEGMATISMI, Apophlegmatisantia.
APOPH'RADES, from a7zo(,^pns, ' unlucky.'
An epithet applied to unlucky days, {dies ne-
fandi.) Days on which a favourable change
is not expected to occur in a disease. — A. Lau-
rentius.
APOPIIRAXIS, Amcnorrhoea.
AV(nn\T\\A1V'SlA,Apoph'thorn, from ano, and
^•Sfifja), ' I corrupt.' Abortion, as "oil as a medi-
cine to procure abortion.
APOPHTHORA, Abortion.
APOPHTHOKIUS. Abortive.
APOPHY'ADES, from ano, 'from,' and duu,
'I spring.' The ramifications of veins and arte-
ries. — Hippocrates.
APOPHYSE BARJLAJBE. Basilary process
— a. Enyinnante ou riKjinnle, Vaginal jirocess —
a. Pt/rumidale, see Temporal Bone — u. Petree,
see Temporal Rone.
APOPHYSES EPIXEUSES, Spinous pro-
cesses of tho vertebra;.
APOPH'YSIS, from ano, 'from,' and ^vu, 'I
rise,' Ec'pliysis, Proces'sns, Appendix, Prominen'-
tia ossis contin'nn, A j)>'ocess of a bone. When
the apophysis is yet separated from the body of
the bone by intervening cartilage, it is called
Epiph'ysis. The apophyses or processes are, at
times, distinguished by epithets, expressive of
their form : as A. styloid, A. corncoid, &c. Others
are not preceded by the word apophysis; as Tro-
chanter, Tuberosity, &Q.
Apoph'ysis of Ingras'sias is a term applied
to the lesser ala of the sphenoid bone.
APoniY.sis JlAJiMiLLAiiis, Mastoid process.
Apoi'Hvsis of Rau, Grele opophyse du Mar-
tea u : see Malleus.
Apophysis Zygomatica, Zygomatic process.
APOPIES'MA, from anonte^u), 'I compress.'
Hippocrates uses the term to signify a fancied
expression or forcing out of humours by the
application of bandages in wounds and frac-
tures.
APOPEANESIS, Error loci.
APOPLECTIC, Apoplec'ticus. Referring to
Apoplexy. This word has various significations.
It is applied, 1. To individuals laboring under
apoplexy : 2. To remedies proper for combating
apoplexy : .3. To the constitution, temperament,
or make, Architeetu'ra apoplec'tica, Hah'itvs
apoplec'ticus seu quadra'tns scu toro'sus, which
predisposes to it, and, 4. To the symptoms whii-h
chanicterize apoplexy ; as Apoplectic sleep, A.
APOPLECTICUS
80
ArOSTASIS
stroJce, A. Ktertov, Ac. The juguliir veins have
also, by some, been called Ajwplectic veins, VencB
apoplec'ticcB.
Apoplectic Cell. Focus apopUc'ticus. A
cavity remaining in the enccphalon, after the
effusion of blood and its subsequent absorption.
APOl'LKCTICUS, Antiapoplectic, Apoplectic.
APOPLEXIA, Apoplexy — a. Catalcpsia, Cata-
lepsia — a. Corebralis, .«ee Apoplexy — a. Cerebri,
see Apoplexy — a. Cordis, Ilscuiocardiorrhagia —
a. Hepatiea, Hepatorrhagia — a. llydrocephalica,
Hj'drocephalus internus^a. Interarachnoidealis,
Apoplexj', meningeal — a. Intermeningealis, Apo-
plexy, meningeal — a. Medullaris, Apoplexiamye-
litica — a. Meningrea, Apoplexy, meningeal.
Apoplexia Myelit'ica, a. J/e(liiUa'ri8 seu
Spina' Us seu Rachin' lis,Haimor' thaehis, Mijelor-
)-hay"ia, Myehtpople.x'ia, (F.) Apoplexie de la
Moelle epiniere, Jlemorrliagie de la Jlitelle epi-
ni&re, Heinato-mi/elie, Heinu-myelon-Iia/jie, Heina-
torrhackie. Hemorrhage into the spinal mar-
row.
Apoplexia Nervosa, Apoplexy, nervous — a.
Nervosa traumatica, Concussion of the brain — a.
Oculi Htemophthalmia — a. Pituitosa, see Apo-
plexy — a. Pulmonalis, see Haemoptysis— a. Pul-
monum, see Hi«moptysis — a. Renalis, Apoplexy,
renal — a. Raehialis, A. myelitica^a. Sanguinea,
see Apoplexy — a. Serosa, see Apoplexy— a. Sim-
plex, Apoplexy, nervous — a. Spasmodica, Apo-
plexy, nervous — a. Spinalis, Apoplexia myelitica
— a. Temulcnta, see Temulentia.
APOPLEXIE CAPILLAIEE, Mollities cere-
bri — a. Cerebiale, Apoplexy, Hemorrhayie cere-
brale — a. da Cmur, Hasmocardiorrhagia.
APOPLEXIE FOUDROYANTE, 'Thun-
dering Apoplexy.' A form of apoplexy, which
is intense and rapidly fatal.
APOPLEXIE MENINGEE, Apoplexy, me-
ningeal — a. de la Iloelle Epinih-e, Apoplexy,
spinal.
AP'OPLEXY, Apoplex'ia, (Sc.) Poplesy, from
aroi:\riTTtiv, 'to strike with violence.' At the pre-
sent day, the term apoplexy is employed by many
writers to signify interstitial hemorrhage, (F.) IIc-
viorrharjie interstitielle, or every effusion of blood,
which occurs suddenly into the substance of an
organ or tissue. Hence, we speak of cerebral
apoplexy, pulmonary apoplexy, &c. &c. For-
merlj' it was always — and still is by many —
used in a restricted sense, to signify, in other
words, the train of phenomena, which charac-
terize cerebral apoplexy. This disease, Hmmor-
rha'gia Cer'ebri, Aphro'nia, Cams Ajioplex'ia,
Coma Apoplex'ia, Apoplex'ia cer'ebri sanguin'ea
seu cerebra'lis, Encephalorrhng"ia, San'guinis
ictus, Hamatenceph' alum, Pulpez'ia, Sidera'tio,
Apileps' ia, 3Iorbus atton' itns, Gutta, TUeophle'gia,
Theoplex'ia, (F.) Apoplexie, A. cerebrale, Hema-
toencephalie, Coujy de sang, is characterized by
diminution, or loss of sensation and mental ma-
nifestation ; by the cessation, more or less com-
plete, of motion ; and by a comatose state, — cir-
culation and respiration continuing. It generally
consists in pressure upon the brain ; either from
turgescence of vessels, or from extravasation of
blood : hence the terras HcEmenccph'alus, Hemor-
rhagic cerebrale, and Hemoencephalorrhagie, ap-
plied to it by some. The general prognosis is
unfavourable; especially when it occurs after the
age of 35. When Apoplexy is accompanied with
a hard, full pulse, and flushed countenance, it is
caWed Apoplex'ia sanguin'ea, Cataph'ora Coma;
when with a feeble pulse and pnle countenance,
and evidences of serous effusion, Apoplex'ia se-
ro'sa, A. pitnito'sa, Serous Apoplexy, Cataph'ora
hydrocephaV ica, Encephaloch'ysis seni'lis, Ilydro-
ceph'alus acu'tus senum, Hydroenccphnlorrhec,
(Piorry,) Uydropisie cerebrale snraiguc, Ilydror-
rhagie.
In Nervous Apoplexy, Apoplex'ia nervo'sa seu
spasmod'ica, A. simplex, Simple ajioplexy, no le-
sion whatever may be perceptible on dissection ;
although the p.atient may have died under all the
phenomena that are characteristic of apoplexy.
Apoplexy, Heat, see Coup-de-Soleil — a. of
the Heart, Hcemocardiorrhagia.
Apoplexy, Meninge'al, Apoplex'ia menin-
gm'a seu intermeningea' lis sen interarachno'idea'-
lis, (F.) Apoplexie mSning^e, Ilemorrhugie m6-
ningee. Hemorrhage from the meninges of the
brain or spinal marrow, generally into the great
cavity of the arachnoid.
Apoplexy, Nervoi'S, see Apoplexy — a. Pul-
mon.ary, see Hasmoptysis — a. Simple, A. Nervous.
Apoplexy, Renal, Apoplex'ia rena'lis. A
condition of the kidney, characterized by knotty,
irregular, tuberculated eminences, some of a deep
black colour. Effusion of blood into the substance
of the kidney.
Apoplexy, Serous, see Apoplexy — a. Spinal,
Apoplexia myelitica.
APOPNEUSIS, Exhalatio.
APOPNIXIS, Suffocation.
APOPNOE, Exspiratio.
APOPNCEA, Exspiratio.
APOPSYCniA, Syncope.
APOPTO'SIS, from ajroiiTrrco, 'I fall down.'
A relaxation of bandages. — Erotian.
APORRHOE, Aporrhoea.
APORRlIffi'A, Apor'rhoe, Apior'rhysis, Dejlu'-
vium, from anopfietj), 'I flow from.' An emana-
tion, effluvium, contagion. — Moschion. A falling
off of the hair, according to some.
APORRHYSIS, Aporrhoea.
APOSCEM'MA, Aposcep'sis, from azoaKtzoi,
'I lie down, I direct mj'self towards.' Afflux of
fluids towards a part. Metastasis. The first
word has been applied to the excrements. — Hip-
pocrates, Galen.
APOSCENOSIS, Apocenosis.
APOSCEPARNIS'MUS, Bcnscia'tio, from airo
and oKt-Kapvov, 'a hatchet.' Wound of the cra-
nium, by a cutting instrument, in which a piece
of the bone has been cut out, as with a hatchet.
— Gorrreus.
APOSCEPSTS, Aposcemm.a.
" APOS'CHASIS, Aposchas'mus, from oToirx^a^u),
'I scarify.' Scarijiea'tion. A slight superficial in-
cision in the skin. Also, blood-letting. — Hippoc.
APOS'IA, Sit is defec'tus, from a, privative,
and voats, ' drink.' Want of thirst, absence of
desire for liquids.
APOSI'TIA, from ojTo, 'from,' and ctitoj, 'food.'
Aversion for food. — Galen. See Disgust.
APOSIT'IC, j4/)&«/j'iicH«/ the same etymology.
Any substance which destroys the appetite, or
suspends hunger.
APOSPAS'MA, from an-otrn-uw, 'I tear or lace-
rate. (F.) Arrachement. A solution of continu-
ity, especially of a ligament; lihegma ligamcn-
tu're, Laceru'tio llgamenta'ria.
APOSPHACEL'ISIS, Ajwsphacelis'mus, from
oTto, and a(j)aK€Xos, ' mortification.' Gangrene in
wounds and fractures, owing to the bandages
being too tight.— Hippocrates.
APOSPHINX'IS,aTo<r0tyfij, constriction, com-
pression. The action of a tight bandage.— Hip-
pocrates.
APOSPONGIS'MUS, the act of sponging for
any purpose.— Gorraeus.
APOSTAIiAG'MA, Apostag'ma, from otto,
'from,' and (rraAa^u, ' I drop.' The ancient name
for the saccharine licjuor which flows from "-rapes
when not yet pressed. °
APOS'TASIS, from otto, and larrjin, • J stop.'
APOSTAXIS
8 1 APPAREILS DE FORMATION
The ancients had different significations for this
word. It was most commonly used for an ab-
scess. Thc'separiUion of a fragment of bone by
fracture. Removal of disease by some excre-
tion, &c.
APOSTAX'IS, from a-noaraiu, ' I distil from.'
Staxls. The defluxion of any humour, as of
blood from the none. — Hippocrates.
APOSTK'MA, from a:io, 'from,' and larvin, '1
settle,' or from a^iarr^jti, ' I recede from.' This
word is used liy the ancients somewhat vaguely.
It meant an ntfection in which parts, previously
in contact, are separated from each other by a
fluid collected between them. The moderns re-
gard it as synonymous with AI/scchs. Some, even
of the moderns, have applied it to any watery
tumour, and even to tumours in general.
Apostkma Ckrkbri, Encei)halopyosis — a. Em-
pyema, Empyema— a. Parulis, Parulis— a. Pha-
langum, Fonrche — a. Psoaticum, Lumbar abscess.
APOSTEMACION, Abscess.
APOSTERIG'MA, from aTOffTT/pi^ui, 'I sup-
port.' Anything that supports a diseased part,
as a cushion, a pillow, Ac. — Galen. A deep-
seated and inveterate disease of the intestines. —
Ilippocratef.
APOS'TllIA, Leipoder'mia, from a, privative,
and ToaOin, ' (ircpuce.' Want of prepuce.
APOSTIIUMl'l, Abscess.
APOSrOLE, Extractum.
APOSTOLO'llUM UNGUEN'TUM, Bodeca-
phar'nidcinn, Ointment of the Aponfles. So called,
because as many solid ingredients entered into
its composition as there were apostles. It con-
tained several resins and gum-resins, yellow wax,
oil, vinegar, verdigris, &c., and was formerly em-
ployed as a vulncniryj
APOS'TUOPIIE, from airo, and aTC[<pu, '1
turn.' An aversion or disgust for food. — Paulus.
Also, the direction of humours towards other
parts.
APOSYRMA. Abrasion, Desquamation.
APOTELES'MA, from a-rro, and TcXcafjm, 'com-
pletion.' The result or termination of a disease.
See, also, Amuletum.
APOTIIANASIA, see Death.
APOT HE' G A, I'hnnnnce'tim,Phrtrmacnpo' Hum,
from oTo, and rtOn/jit, 'to place.' Any place where
things are kept, and therefore 'a shop,' and par-
ticularly a wine cellar. A place or vessel wherein
medicines are kept. See Pharmacopolium.
APOTHECARIES' HALL. The Hall of the
Corporation or Society of Apothecaries of Lon-
don, where medicines are prepared and sold
under their direction, &o. This Company ob-
tained a charter of incorporation in the 15th j'ear
of James the First. No general practitioner can
establish himself in England or Wales, witfinut
having obtained a license from the Court of Ex-
aminers of the Company.
APOTH'ECARY, Apotheca'rius, Dispensa'tnr,
Pharmneiipo'ta, J'hantiacopai'iin, Pluirma'cexis,
Pharmrneii'td, Pif/mentn'rhm, Rhizot'nmitii, My-
ropo'lex, Mi/ropo Inn, Pharmacter, Pharmncur'-
giciia, Phnrmacur'ipia, Pharmacen'tist, same deri-
vation, (Prov.) J'ot'ecari/, (Sc.) Pottlngar, (F.)
Apothicaire, Phoniiacieii, Phnrmacopo/e. In
every country except Great Britain, it means one
who sells drugs, makes up proscriptions, <fec. In
addition to these offices, which, indeed, they
rarely exercise, except in the case of their own
patients, the Apothecaries in England form a
privileged class of practitioners — a kind of sub-
physician. See Surgeon-apothecary.
APOTHERAPKl'A, Apotheropl'n, ApotTiern-
pen'sis, from imo^ipaircxmy (a-ao and OcpaKtvw.) 'I
cure.' A perfect euro. — Hippoe. In the ancient
Gymnastic?, it meant the last part of the exer-
(jigeg : the friction, inunction, and bathing, for
C
the purpose of obviating fatigue, or curing dis-
ease. — (Jalcn. Gorraeus.
APOTHERAPEUSIS, Apotherapeia.
APOTHER'MUM, from airo, and ^tp^..;, 'heat.'
A pickle made of mustard, oil, and vinegar. —
Galen.
APOTII'ESIS, from a-nori^vft, 'I replace.'
The position proper to be given to a fractured
limb, after reduction.
APOTHTCAIRE, Apothecary.
APOTHICAIRERIE (F.), from avoOr,K„, 'a
warehouse, shop.' The same as Apotheca; also,
a gallipot. See Pharmacopolium.
APOTHLIM'.MA, from a-ro, and 5Ai/?<.), 'I
press from.' Anciently, the dregs, and some-
times the expressed juice, Succus expree'sus, of
plants. — Gorra?us.
APOTHRAU'SIS, from a7ro5pa«o), 'I break.'
Fracture of a bone, with spicula remaining. Ex-
traction of a spiculum of bone. — Gorrajus. Also,
Abscission.
APOTILMOS, Evulsion.
APOT'OKOS, from a-ro, and ti/ctui, 'I bring
forth.' An abortive foetus. — Hippocrates.
APOTOME, Amputation.
APOTOMIA, Amputation.
APOTROPiEUxM, Amuletum.
APOTROPE, Aversion. Also, deviation — as
of a limb — /'(irat'rape.
APOXYSMUS, Abrasion.
A POZEM, Decoction.
APOZESIS, Decoction.
APPARA'TUS, Paranceic'e, from ad and pa-
rare, ' to prepare.' This word signifies a collec-
tion of instruments, &c., for any operation what-
ever. (F.) Apparell.
In Surgery, it means the methodical arrange-
ment of all the instruments and objects necessary
for an operation or dressing. By extension, the
French give the name Apjmrcil, Capua cliirur'-
gica, to the case or drawers in which the appara-
tus is arranged.
Apparatus has likewise been applied to the
different modes of operating for the stone. See
Lithotomy.
In Plit/siolofji/, Apparatus, (F.) Appareil, is ap-
plied to a collection of organs, all of which work
towards the same end. A si/xtem of orc/avs com-
prehends all those formed of a similar texture.
An apparatus often comprehends organs of very
different nature. In the foryiier, there is analogy
of structure; in the latter, analogy of function.
Apparatus Altus, see Lithotomy.
Apparatus Immov'able (F.), Appareil immo-
bile, Immovable Bandage, Permanent Bandage.
An apparatus for fractures, which is generally
formed by wetting the bandages in some sub-
stance, as starch or dextrin, which becomes solid,
and retains the parts in situ.
Apparatus Latkralis, see Lithotomy — a.
Major, see Lithotomy — a. Minor, see Lithotomj'.
APPAREIL, Apparatus, Boitier — a. iJinp-
nofjene, see Perspiration — a. Grand, see Litho-
tomy — a. Ilaut, see Lithotomy — a. Immobile,
Apparatus, immovable — a. Lacrimal, see Lachry-
mal passages — a. Lateralise, see Lithotomy — ".
Nevrotltcle, see Nevrotlille — a. Petit, see Litho-
tomy — a. Pigmental, Pigmental apparatus.
APPAREILS DE FORMATION (F.). Gall
admits, in the brain, two kinds of fibres; the
one, divergent, proceeding from the cerebral
peduncles to the convolutions, and constituting
what he calls apparcih de formation : the other,
convergent, and proceeding from the convolutions
to the centre of the organ, constituting what he
calls appareils de reunion. The frst, as a whole,
form the organs of the mental faculties; the latter
arc commissures, which unite parts of the organ
that are doable and in pairs.
APPAUVRI
APYROMELE
APPAUVRI, Impoverished.
APPENDICE, Appendix — a. CcRcal, Appen-
dix vcrmiformis cseci — a. Digital, Appendix ver-
miformis ctcci — a. Sous-sternale, Xiphoid carti-
lage — a. Siis-sphcno'idale dtt cerveait, Pituitary
gland — a. Xiphoide, Xiphoid cartilage.
AppF.xnicRS CoLi Adipos.b, Appendiculae epi-
ploicae — a. Epipldiques, Appendicula; epiploicae.
APPENDICULA CEREBRI, Pituitary gland
— a. Vcrmiformis caeci, see Appendix — a. Epi-
ploica, Epiploic .oppendage.
APPENDIC'ULvE PINGUEDINO'SiE, A.
Epiplii'iceB, Epip'loic append'ages, Appen'dices
coli adipo'HCB, Fim'bricB canio'xcB coli, Suppleiin^n'-
ta epiplo'icn, Onicn'tuln, (F.) Appendicen Epi^
ploiques. Prolongations of the peritoneum be-
yond the surface of the great intestine, which
are analogous in texture and arrangement to
omenta.
APPEN'DIX, Epipli'ysis, from oppendere, (ad
and pendere, ' to hang,') ' to hang from.' Any
part that adheres to an organ or is continuous
■with it : — seeming as if added to it. An append-
age ; an apophysis, (F.) Appendice, A)iHexe.
Appendix Auricula, see Auricles of the
Heart — a. Cerebri, Pituitary gland — a. ad Cere-
brum, Cerebellum — a. Cutanea Septi Narium,
Statica Septi Narium — a. to the Epididymis, Vas-
culum aberrans^a. Ventriculi, Duodenum.
Appendix Vermifou'mis, Appendic'ula Ver-
mifor' min Cce'ci, Tnhiis Verrnicida'ris CcBci, Ev'-
phyaa, Additamen'tum Coli, Appen'dix Caci, (F.)
Appendice vermiforme, A. cmcal ou digital. A
vermicular process, the size of a goose-quill,
which hangs from the intestine ccecum. Its
functions are unknown.
Appendix Vesicae, see Bladder, sacculated.
APPENSIO. see Analeptia.
AP'PETENCE, Appeten'tia, from ajypetere, {ad
and petere,) 'to desire.' An ardent, passionate
desire for any object.
AFPETT'r, PERTEjy, Anorexia.
AP'PETITE, Appeti'tus, Appeten'tia, Appcti"-
tia, (ad and petere,) 'to seek,' Ciipi'do, Orex'is,
Orme : same etymology as the last. An internal
sensation, which warns us of the necessity of ex-
erting certain functions, especially those of diges-
tion and generation. In the latter case it is called
venereal appetite, (F.) Appetit venerien: in the
former, simply appetite, (F.) Appetit ou Appeti-
tinn. If the desire for food, occasioned by a real
want, be carried to a certain extent, it is called
hunger, when solid food is concerned ; thirst, when
liquid. Appetite and hunger ought not, how-
ever, to be employed synonymously: they are
different degrees of the same want. Hunger is
an imperious desire : it cannot be provoke-d, like
the appetite. It is always allayed by eating : but
not so the appetite; for, at times, it may be ex-
sited in this manner. They are very generally,
however, used synonymously.
Appetite, Morbid, Limosis.
Ap'petite, Vene'real, Venereal desire, (F.)
Le genesiqne. Amour physique, Sens genital. The
instinctive feeling that attracts the sexes towards
each other to effect the work of reproduction.
APPETITUS CANINUS, Boulimia— a. Defi-
ciens, Dvsorexia.
APPLE, ADAM'S, Pomum Adami— a. Bitter,
Cncumis colocynthis — a. Curassoa, Aurantium
curassaventium — a. Dead Sea, see Quercus infec-
toria — a. Eye, see Melon — a. of the Eye, Pupil
— a. Mad, see Quercus infeotoria — a. May, Podo-
phyllum peltatum — a. of Peru, Datura stramo-
nium — a. Root, Euphorbia corollata — a. of Sodom,
see Quercus infectoria.
Apple Tea, Apple water. Slice two large, not
over-ripe apjyles, and pour over a pint of boiling
water. After an hour, pour off the fluid, and, if
necessary, sweeten with sugar.
Apple Trke, Pyrus malus.
APPLICA'TA, from applicare, (ad and plicare,
'to fold,') 'to ai)ply.' A word, unnecessarily in-
troduced into medical language, to express the
objects which are applied immediately to the sur-
face of the body, as clothes, cosmetics, baths, A'c.
—Halle-.
APPLICA'TION, Applica'tio, (same etymon,)
in a moral signification, is synonymous with at-
tention. Also, the act of applying one thing to
another; as the application of an apparatus, of
a bandage, blister, Ac.
APPREHEN'SIO, from ad and prchenderc,
'to take.' This word is employed in various
senses. It means catalepsy or catoche. — Paul
Zacchias. A kind of bandage for securing auy
part. Also, a therapeutical indication.
APP ROCHE. Coition.
APPROXIMA'TION, Approxima'tio, from ad
and proximus, 'nearest.' Ettmuller gave this
name to a pretended method of curing disease,
by making it pass from man into some animal or
vegetable, by the aid of immediate contact.
APRAC'TA, from a, priv., and Tfiaaaui, 'I act.'
Without action. An epithet for the parts of ge-
neration, when unfit for copulation or generatiun.
APRICATIO, Insolation.
APRICOT, Prunus Armeniaca.
APROCTUS, see Atretus.
APRONIA, Tamus communis.
APROSO'PIA, Triocephal'ia, from a, priv.,
and irpoo-wTTof, 'the face.' A malformation, whicli
consists in the face being deficient.
APROSOPUS. Mieroprosopus.
APSINTHIA'TUM, from a^^iv^wv, 'worm-
wood.' A sort of drink made of wormwowl,
— Aetius.
APSINTHITES, Absinthites.
APSYCHIA, Syncope.
APSYCHISME, Idiotism.
APSYCHY, Syncope.
APSYXIA, Syncope.
APTHiE, Aphtha-.
APTYS'TOS, from a, priv., and rruo), ' I spit,'
Devoid of expectoration. An epithet given U
certain pleurisies, in which there is no expectora-
tion. — Hippocrates.
APUS, see Apodia.
APY'ETOS, from a, priv., and ttvov, 'pus.' An
external affection, which does not end in suppu-
ration.
APYIQUE,Ax>yros.
A'PYOS, from a, priv., and -kvov, 'pus.' (F.)
Apyiqne. That which does not afford pus.
APYRECTIC, Apyretic.
APYRENOMELE, Apyromele.
APYRET'IC, Ajnjret'icus, Apyvec'tie, Apyrec'-
ticus, Ajn/r'etus, from a, priv., and Trup, 'fire,
fever.' Without fever. This epithet is given tu
days in which there is no paroxysm of a disease,
as in the case of an intermittent, as well as to
some local affections which do not induce fever.
Urticaria is sometimes called an apyretie exim-
them. ■' "^
APYREX'IA, A'pyrexy. The same etymol()'_'v.
Absence of fever; Binlem'ma, Dialelp'sis, l)i'>-
lip'sis, Temjvia intercala're, Interval' Inm, Intcr-
mis'sio. Apyrexia is the condition of an inter-
mittent fever between the paroxysms : the dnrn-
tion of the apyrexia consequently depend.s
the type of the intermittent. Occasionally, the
term has been applied to the cessation of the
tebrilo condition in acute diseases.
APYROME'LE, Apyrenome'le, from a, priv,,
r.xjpr,v, 'a nut,' and iir,X^, 'a sound.' A sound or
probe, without a button or nut. It is the JAA/d*,
AQUA
83
AQUA SALUBRIS
S!pecil'lui,i auricula' nam or Auricular sound of
(jtiilcn.
AQUA, Urine, Water — a. Acidi carbonici,
Acidulous water — a. Acidula hydrosulphurata,
Naples water (factitious) — a. Aeris fixi. Acidu-
lous water (simple) — a. Alkalina oxymuriatica,
tail de Javelle — a. Aluminis composita, Liquor
aluininis coinpositus— a. Aluminosa Batoana, Li-
quor ahuuinis compositus— a. Ammonia;, Liquor
ainmoniaa— a. Acetatis ammoniao, Liciuor ammo-
nioo acetatis — a. Ammoniaa carbonatis, Liquor
ainnioniaj subcarbonatis — a. Ammonia) caustica.
Liquor ammonia;- a. Amnii, Liquor Amnii.
AyuA Amyguala'uum Concentra'ta, A. amy-
dolu'rum umiiru'rum, (F.) Eaud' Amaudes ameres,
Water of hitter almonds. Made by bruising well
tvyo pounds of bitter almonds; adding, whilst
triturating, ten pounds of spring water, and four
pounds of alcohol; letting the mixture rest in a
well-closed vessel, and then distilling two pounds.
Used instead of the Aqua Laurocerasi, and the
Hydrocyanic acid. It must be given with great
caution.
An A<pia amijg'dalcs ama'rm, Bitter Almond
xcater, has been introduced into the last edition
of the Ph. U. S., 1861, {01. amygdal. amar.
n^xvj; Mnfjnes. Carbon.^]; ylryiice Oij.) Dose,
f 3ss.
Aqua Anethi, see Anethum graveolens — a.
Anisi, see Pimpinella anisum — a. Anisi Fortis,
Spiritus anisi — a. Aquisgranensis, see Aix-la-
Chapelle — a. Auditoria, Cotunnius, Liquor of —
a. Aurantii, see Cit^is aurantium — a. Axotica
oxygenata. Aqua nitrogcnii protoxydi — a. Balsa-
mica arterialis, Aqua Bincllii — a. Bareginensis,
Bareges water — a. Baryta; Muriatis, see Baryta,
muriate of — a. Bellilucana, Balaruc waters — a.
Benedicta, Liquor calcis — a. Benedicta compo-
sita, Liijuor cjilcis coinpositus — a. Benedicta Ru-
landi, Vinum antimonii tartarizati.
Aqua Bixkl'lh, Acqua Binelli, Aqua Balaam'-
ica arteria'lia, Binelli's styptic, (F.) Eau de Bi-
nelli. A celebrated Italian hemostatic, invented
by one Binelli. Its composition is unknown, but
its virtues have been ascribed to creasote ; al-
though there is reason for believing it to possess
no more activity than cold water. Aqua Monte-
rossi, (F.) Eau de Monterosai, appears to be of
analogous composition.
Aqua Borvonensis, Bourbonne-les-Baines,
mineral waters of — a. Bristoliensis, Bristol water.
Aqua BuocCHir/nn, Acqua Brocchieri, Broc-
chieri or Brocchiari leater, Brocchieri's styptic,
(F.) Eau de Brocchieri, Eau atyptique de Broc-
chieri, A supposed styptic, which made much
noise at Paris at one time. It is devoid of effi-
cacy. Dr. Paris found nothing in it but water
perfumed by some vegetable essence.
Aqua Cai.cari.e ust^, Liquor calcis — a. Cal-
cis, Liquor Calcis — a. Calcis composita, Liquc/r
calcis compositus — a. Cauiphora;, Mistura cam-
phoree — a. Camphorata, Bates's, see Cupri sulphas
— a. Carbonatis sodiB acidula. Acidulous water,
simple — a. Cnrui, see Carum Carui — a. Cassiae,
^ee Laurus cassia — a. Catapultarum, jlrgxeiusac/e,
eau d'—ii. Chlorini, see Chlorine.
Aqita Ci.nnamo'mi, Cinnamon water, (Sc.)
Canncl water. Distilled water of Cinnamon Bark.
Prepared also in the following manner. 01. Cin-
ii'im. f.^ss; Maipus. Carbon.^}; Aq. destillat.
Oij. Rub the oil and carbonate of miignesia;
add the water gradually, and filter. (Ph. U. S.)
AQtTA CiN>fAMOMi FouTis, Spiritus Cinnamomi
a. Colcestrensis, Colchester, mineral waters of.
Aqua Coi.oua'ta, 'coloured water.' A name
given to a prescription in which simple coloured
water is contained. Used in hospital eases, more
especially, where n placebo is demanded.
Aqua "Cunn Ammoniata, Liquor c. a.— a. Cu-
pri vitriolati composita, Liquor cupri sulphatis
composita — a. inter Cutem, Anasarca — a. Destil-
lata, Water, distilled.
Aqua Fabro'rum, 'Water of Smiths.' Waterin
which hot iron has been quenched. A feeblo
chalybeate.
Aqua Flokum Aurantii, see Citrus aurantium
— a. Fluviatilis, Water, river.
Aqua Fcenic'uli, Fennel xcater. The distilled
water of fennel seed. It may be prepared also
like the aqua cinnamomi.
Aqua Fo.mtana, Water, spring — a. Fortis, Ni-
tric acid — a. Goulardi, Liquor Plumbi subaeetatis
dilutus — a. Hepatica, Hydrosulphuretted water
— a. llordeata, Decoctum hordei — a. Iiubrium,
Water, rain — a. Infernalis, see Toddy — a. Inter-
cus, Anasarca — a. Inter Cutem, Anasarca — a.
Juniperi composita, Spiritus juniperi compositus
— a. Kali, Liquor potassac subcarbonatis — a. Kali
caustici, Liquor potassae — a. Kiili prajparati,
Liquor potassae subcarbonatis — a. Kali puri.
Liquor potassae — a. Kali subcarbonatis, Liquor
potassae subcarbonatis — a. Labyrinthi, Cotunnius,
liquor of — a. Lactis, Serum lactis — a. ex. Lacu,
Water, lake— a. Lauro-cera^i, see Prunus Lauro-
cerasus — a. Lithargyri acetati composita. Liquor
plumbi subaeetatis dilutus — a. Liicire, Spiritus
ammoniae succinatus — a. Marina, Water, sea — a.
Medicata, AVater, mineral.
Aqua Mentha Piperi't^, Peppermint Water.
The distilled water of peppermint. It may be
prepared like the aqua cinnamomi.
Aqua Mentha PirEiurini.s Si-iRiTrosA, Spi-
ritus menthae piperita- — a. Menthic pulegii, see
Mentha pulegium — a. Menth;u viridis. Spearmint
water, see Aqua; menthas pipiritit' — a. Mentha)
vulgaris spirituosa, Spiritus mentha; viridis — a.
Mineralis, Water, mineral — a. Mirabilis, Spiritus
piraentae — a. Jlonterossi, see Aqua Binellii — a.
Mulsa, Ilydromeli — a. Natri Oxyniuriatiei, Li-
quor soda; chlorinatse — a. Neapolitana, Naples
water, (factitious) — a. Nephritica, Spiritus my-
ristica.
Aqua Nitrogen'ii Protox'vdi, Protox'ide
of Ni'trogen Water, Aqua azot'ica oxyijena'ta,
Searle'a patent oxyg"enous aerated tcatcr. A pa-
tent solution of protoxide of nitrogen, said to
contain five times its own bulk of gas. It has
been recommended as a nervine, and excitant iu
nervous conditions, dyspepsia, &c. It has also
been used in cholera, and to counteract the evil
consequences of drunkenness. The dose is f.^vj,
or ,^viii, two or three times a day; or, in dys-
pepsia, as a beverage between meals.
Aqua Nivata, Water, snow — a. Nueis inoscha-
tas, Spiritus mj'ristica; — a. Ophthalmica, Liquor
zinci sulphatis cum camphor.a — a. Paludosa.,
Water, marsh — a. Pedum, Urine — a. Pericardii,
see Pericardium — a. Phagedeniea, see Hj-drar-
gyri Oxymurias — a. Picea, see Pinus sylvestris —
a. Picis, see Pinus sylvestris — a. Pimcntfe. see
Myrtus Piinenta — a. Plumbi, Liquor Plumbi,
subaeetatis dilutus — a. Pluvialis, AVater, rain — a.
Potassa;, Liquor potassa; — a. Pulegii. see Mentha
pulegium — a. Pulegii spirituosa, Spiritus juilogii
— a. Putealis, Water, well — a. ex Puteo, Water,
well — a. Rabelli, Elixir acidum H.alleri — a. Rajjh-
ani composita, Spiritus arinoracice compositus — ■
a. Regia, Nitromuriatic acid.
Aqua Ros.«, Bone Water, Bhodostar/'ma, (I'oa.
centi/ol. Ibviij : AqucB cong. ij. M. Distil a gallon
—Ph. U. S.)
Aqua Salubris, Water, mineral — a. Sambuci,
see Sambucus — a. Sappharina, Liquor cu)>ri am-
moniata — a. Saturni, Liquor plumbi subaeetatis
dilutus — a. Selopetaria, Arquthunade eau d' — a.
Seminum anisi composita, Spiritus anisi— o. Semi-
num carui fortis, Spiritus carui — n. Sodae efl'erves-
ceus. Acidulous water, simple — a. Sotcrin, Water,
AQUJ3 ACIDUL.E
84
AQUIPAROUS
mineral — a. Stygia, Nitro-muriatic acid — a. Styp-
tica, Liquor cupri siilpiiatis composita — a. Sul-
phurata simplex, Ilyilro.^ulphuretted water — a.
Sulphureti ammonias, Liquor furaans Boylii — a.
Thcdiana, Arqucbiisacle can d' — a. Theriacalis
Bozoardiea, Chylosta^ma diaphoreticum Minde-
reri — a. Tofana, Liquor arseniealis — a. Tosti
panis. Toast water — a. Traumatica Thedenii,
Arquelnstide cnu (£'— a. Vegeto-mineralis, Liquor
plumbi subacetatis dilutus — a. Viciensis, Vichy
^vater — a. Vitriolica camphorata, Liquor zinci
sulpbatis cum camphorS — a. Vitriolica cxrulea,
Solutio sulpbatis cupri composita — a. Vulneraria,
Arqwhiisaile eau d' — a. Zinci vitriolati cum
campbora. Liquor zinci sulpbatis cum camphora.
AQU.^ ACIDULiE, Acidulous waters— a.
Badiguae, Bath, Mineral waters of— a. Badizae,
Batb, Mineral waters of — a. Batbonife, Bath,
Mineral waters of — a. Buxtoniensis, Buxton, Mi-
neral waters of — a. Calidse, Aigi(es caudes — a.
Cantuarienses, Canterbury, waters of — a. Cbaly-
beatas, Waters, mineral, chalybeate.
Aqu.e Destili,a't>e, Hi/drola'tn, Distilled
Waters, (F.) Hydrnlats. These are made by
putting vegetable substances, as roses, mint,
pennyroyal, &c., into a still with water, and
drawing off as much as is found to possess the
aromatic properties of the plant. To every gallon
of the distilled water, 5 oz. of spirit should be
added to preserve it. The simple distilled waters
are sometimes called Aqnce, stillatit"ia sim'plices :
th-e spirituous, A(]U(B stillatit'ice spiritiw' sm, but
more commonly Splr'itiis.
Aqu.e FEiiiiOSyK, Waters, mineral, ehahybeate.
Aqvx Martiales, Waters, mineral, chalybeate.
AqUjG Medica't^;, 3/edicated waters include, in
the Pharmacopoeia of the United States, prepara-
tions consisting of waters impregnated with some
medicinal substance, which are not arranged in any
other class. Among these are the " Waters," and
"Distilled waters" of the British pharmacopoeias.
Aqu.e Mutus, Hydrophobia — a. Minerales aci-
dulas — a. Waters, mineral, gaseous — a. Minerales
ferruginosas, Waters, mineral, chalybeate — a. Mi-
nerales sulpbureoB, Waters, mineral, sulphureous
— a. Stillatitiaj, Aquoe destillatte — a. Solis, Bath,
mineral waters of.
AQU.EOUC'TUS, Aq'iieditet, from aqua, 'wa-
ter,' and ducere, ductitm, 'to lead.' (F.) Aque-
drtc. Properly, a canal for conducting water
from one place to another. Anatomists have
used it to designate certain canals.
Aqu^eductus Cerebkt, Infundibulum of the
brain — a. Cotunnii, Aqureductus vestibuli.
Aqu.sduc'tus Coch'lEjE, (F.) Aquedue du Li-
nagon ; — a very narrow canal which proceeds
from the tympanic scala of the cochlea to the
posterior edge of the pars petrosa.
AqUvEDUC'tuS Fallo'pii, Cana'lis Fallo'pii,
Canal spiniide de I'os temporal of Chaussier, (F.)
Aquedue de Fallope. A canal in the pars petro-
sa of the temporal bone, which extends from the
meatus auditorius internus to the foramen stylo-
mastoideum, and gives passage to the facial
nerve. The opening into this aqueduct is called
JBia'tiis Fallo'pii, H. Cana'lis Fallo'pii, Fissu'-
ra Cana'lis Fallo'pii, Fora'men Tari'ni, F.
anon'yiuum Ferreiu'ii.
Aqu^educ'tus Syl'vii, Cana'lis eminen'tim
quadrigcm'incB, Iter ad quartum ventric' ulum seu
d ter'tio ad quar'tum i^entric'nlum, Cana'lis me'di-
vs, (F.) Aquedue de Sylvius, Canal interinediare
des ventricuhs of Chaussier. A canal forming a
communication between the third and fourth
ventricles of the brain. The ventricular opening
is termed anus cer'ehri.
AqujEDUc'tus Vestib'uli, Aqumductits Cotun'-
nii, Canal of Cutun'niHS, (F.) Aquedue da vestibule
ou Aquedue de Cotu(jno. This begins in the ves-
tibule, near the common orifice of the two semi-
circular canals, and opens at the posterior surface
of the pars petrosa.
AQUALIC'ULUS. from aqualis, 'a wat-er-pot.'
That part of the abdomen which extends from
the umbilicus to the pubes. See Ilypogastrium.
It has also been applied to the stomach or intes-
tinal canal.
AQUAS'TER. A word used, by Paracelsus,
to express the visions or hallucinations of pa-
tients.
AQUEDUC, Aqueduct — a. de Cotugno, Aqua?-
ductus vestibuli — a. de Fallope, Aquaiductus Fal-
lopii — a. du Limagon, Aquac-ductus cochleae — q.
de Sylvius, Aquajductus Sylvii — a. du Vestibule,
Aquseductus vestibuli.
AQUEDUCT, Aquffiductus.
A'QUEOUS, A'queus, Aquo'sus, ffydato'dct.
Hydro' des, from aqua, 'water,' (F.) Aqueiu;
Watery. The absorbents or lymphatics are
sometimes called, in France, Conduits ou Canaux
aqueux.
Aqueous Humour of the Eye, Humor aqm'.
sns, Odei'des, Oo'des, Hydato'i'des, Hydato'd'iS,
Ova'tus seu Qvifor'mis humour, Albui/in'eous hi-
mour, (F.) Humenr aqueuse. The limpid fluid
which fills the two chambers of the eye, from the
cornea to the crystalline, and which is, conse-
quently, in contact with the two surfaces of the
iris. Quantity, 5 or 6 grains: s. g. L0003. It
contains albumen, chloride of sodium, and phos-
phate of lime in small quantity ; and is enveloped
in a fine membrane : — the membrane of the aqueom
humour, Tunica propria seu Vagi'na seu 3Iem-
bra'na seu Cap'sula humo'ris a'qxtei seu Mem-
bra'na Demuria'na seu Descemet'ii, Membrane
of Demours or of Descemet ; although these last
terms are by some appropriated to a third layer
of the cornea.
AQUEUS, Aqueous.
AQUIDUCA, Hydragogues.
AQUIFOLIUM, Ilex aqujfolium— a. Foliis
deciduis, Prinos.
AQUILA, Hydrargyri submurias. Sulphur.
The alchymists used this word for sublimed
sal ammoniac, precipitated mercury, .arsenic, sul-
phur, and the philosopher's stone. See Hydrar-
gyri Submurias, and Sulphur.
Aq'uila Ccelest'is ; a sort of panacea, of
which mercury was a constituent.
Aq'uila LACu'RYiHyE; a liquor prepared from
several ingredients, especially from calomel.
Aq'uila PHiLosopiio'nuM. The alchymists,
whose terms were always mysterious, called mer-
cury thus, when reduced to its original form-
Aq'uila Ven'eris ; an ancient preparation,
made by subliming verdigris and sal ammoniac.
AQUILA VEN^E, Temporal veins.
AQUILE'GIA, A. vtdya'ris seu sylves'tris seu
Alpi'na, Common Colombine or Columbine, (F.)
Ancolie. Order, Ranunculaceae. From aquiln,
'the eagle,' owing to some fancied resemblance of
the spurs to talons. The seeds, herb, and flowers
were formerly used in jaundice and cutaneous
diseases. They are still retained in many of the
Pharmacopoeias of continental Europe.
Aquilegia Alpina, Aquilegia.
Aquilegia Canaden'sis, Wild Columbine, i»
indigenous, and flowers in April and June. The
seeds .are said to be tonic.
Aquilegia Sylvestuis, Aquilegia — a. Vul-
garis, Aquilegia.
AQUILIC'IA SAMBU'CINA, from aqua,
'water,' and clicire, 'to attract,' because it grows
in moist places. [?] An East Indian plant, the
decoction of whose root is used in indigestion to
allay heartburn.
AQUIP'AROUS, (F.) Aquipare, from aqua,
'water,' and pario, 'I bring forth.' An epitb-t
AQUO-CAPSULITIS
ARANEOSUS
for glands which, like the parotid, secrete much
water, in contradistinction to the submaxillary
glands, which arc muciparouH.
AQUO-CAPSUF^ITIS, Afiuo-membranitis.
A(lVA)-UV.M\n\.\'^l"nii, Keraloiri'tiH, Aqiw-
cajjiiili'liH, Jfi/</rniiieiiiuyi'tia. Inflammation of
tiie anterior cliamber of the ej'e. A badly com-
y)oundc'd term, denoting inflammation of the cap-
Mile or membrane of the a(|ucous humour.
AQUULA, Ceratocele, Hydatid, llydroa — a.
Acustica, Cotunniu.«, liquor of.
AguuLA seu Aqua Mokgagnii. The minute
portion of water which escapes when an opening
is made into the capsule of the crystalline.
AQUULA VITKEA AUDITIVA, Vitnne au-
ditioe.
AKA PARVA, a small altar; — a kind of band-
age invented by Sostratus, which represents the
corners of an altar. — Galen.
AR'AHR; a wound, a blow. — Erotian.
AUAB'ICA ANTID'OTUS IIEPAT'ICA, ^r'-
rihlc Ihjmt'ic An'liclute. A powder composed of
myrrh, costus, white pepper, &c. It was admi-
nistered in new wine.
ARAB'ICUS LAPIS. A sort of white marble,
analoj^ous to alabaster, found in Arabia. It was
regarded as absorbent and desiccative, and was
employed in hemorrhoids.
ARAB IS BARB AREA, Erysimum barbarca.
AR'ABIS MALAG'MA. An antiscrofulous
riiedicine, composed of myrrh, olibanum, wax,
sal ammoniac, iron pyrites, etc. — Celsus.
ARABISTS, see Arabs, medicine of the.
AR'ABS, MEDICINE OF TIIE. The Ara-
bians kept the torch of medical science illumi-
nated during a dark period of the middle ages.
Before the year of the Hegira, they had schools
of medicine ; but these were most flourishing
during the 10th, 11th, and 12th centuries. The
chief adilitions made by them to medical science
wore in the departments of pharmacy and in the
description of diseases. Their principal writers
were Avicenna, Serapion, Averrhoes, llali Abbas,
Moses Maimonides, Avenzoar, llhazcs, Albucasis,
Ac. The disciples of the Arab school were called
Ai-'fibi'sls.
ARACACIIA, Conium moschatum.
AKACIIIS AFRICANA, A. hypogea— a. Ame-
ricana, A. llypogea.
Ar'aciiis IIyi'oge'a, A. Amerlcn'iia seu A/ii-
crt'iia, Ariichni'dn hi/poi/cn, Ground unt. Pea iiid,
Earth almond, (S.j Mane; erroneously called
Pistachio nut, in the South; Pindars of the West
Indies. Ord. Legurainosae. Cultivated in the
Southern States. The seeds are oily, and are
eaten. A kind of inferior chocolate may be
made of them.
AHACH'NE, apaxvri, 'a spider,' 'a cobweb.'
Hence, Arachnitis, &c.
ARACHNIDA IIYPOGEA, Arachis hypogea.
ARACIIXI'TIS, more properly Arathnoidi'tix,
Araclniodei'tin, Injlammation of the Arachnoid.
A variefv of |)hreiiitis.
ARACIINODKITIS, Arachnitis.
ARACH'NOID, Arachnoideus, Arachno'des,
from apax^n. 'n cobweb,' and uloi, 'form, resem-
blance.' Resembling a spider's web.
AitACUNOin Canal, see Canal, arachnoid.
Arachnoid op the Eye. The lining mem-
brane of a cavity, supposed by some to exist be-
tween the sclerotic and choroid.
Arach'noid Membrane, Meninx me'dia seu
sero'sa, Tit'nica ara'nca seu cryntal'lina, Me-
nin'f/ion. A name given to several membranes,
which, by their extreme thinness, resemble spi-
der-webs. Celsus and Galen called thus the
membrane of the vitreous humour, — the tuuicn
hi/aloidca. The moderns use it now for one of
the membranes of the brain, situate between the
dura mater and pia mater. It is a serous mem-
brane, and composed of two layers ; the external
being confounded, in tlie greater part of its extent,
with the dura mater, and, like it, lining the inte-
rior of the cranium and spinal canal ; the other
being extended over the brain, from which it is
separated by the pia mater, without passing into
the sinuosities between the convolutions, and
penetrating into the interior of the brain by an
opening at its posterior part under the corpus
callosum. It forms a part of the investing sheath
of tlie nerves, as they pass from the encephalic
cavities. Its chief uses seem to be : — to envelop,
and, in some measure, protect the brain, and to
secrete a fluid for the purpose of keeping it in a
state best adapted for the proper performance of
its funclicms.
ARACHNOIDITIS, Arachnitis.
ARACK', ./I/ voc/r ; (East Indian.) A spiritu-
ous liquor made in India in various ways, often
from rice, sometimes from sugar fermented along
with the juice of the cocoa nut; frequently from
toddy, the juice which flows from the cocoa-nut
tree by incision, and from other substances. It
is a strong, heating spirit.
Arack, Mock, is made by adding ^ij of Ben-
zoic acid to a quart of rum. The celebrated
Vauxhall punch is made with such arack.
ARACOUCIIINI, Icica aracouchini.
ARACUS AROMATICUS, Vanilla.
AR'ADOS, ApaSos. The agitation excited in
the stomach by the coction of aliments of differ-
ent nature. — Hippocrates. Likewise, the motion
produced by cathartics.
AR^EOMA, Interstice.
ARAEOMETER, Areometer.
ARyEOT'ICA, from apatow, 'I rarefy.' Medi-
cines supposed to have the quality of rarefying
the huuiours. See Rarefacieus.
ARAKI, see Spirit.
ARALIA CANADENSIS, Panax quinqucfo-
lium.
Ara'lia His'pida, Dinarf Elder, Ord. Aralia-
cea\ is said to be diuretic, and has been recom-
mended, in decoction, in dropsy.
Aha'i.ia Niidicau'lis, Nardm America'nua,
Siiiidl Spikenard, Wild Liii'uorice, Sivcel root,
False or ll'(7(^ Sarsaparil'la, (F.) Petit nard.
This American plant is said to be a mild stimu-
lant and diaphoretic, and has been recommended
as a substitute for sarsaparilla. It is used, also,
as a tonic. It is in the secondary list of the
Pharmacopoeia of the United States.
Ara'lia Racusio'sa, American Spllcenard, has
the same properties as A. Nudicaulis.
Ara'lia Spino'sa, Ani/cl'ica Tree, Prichlii
Anh, Toothach Tree, Spikenard Tree, Prickli/
Eider, Shotbnih, Piyeon Tree. Its properties are
not clear. The berries, and a tincture of them,
have been employed, it is said, successfully in
toothach. A spirituous infusion has also been
used in colic. The bark is oflJcinal in the Phar-
macopa?ia of the United States.
ARANEA, Aranea) Tela — a. Tarentula, see
Tarentula.
ARA'NE^ TELA, Ara'ncn, Ara'neum, Cob-
toeb, (F.) Toile d'Araifpiee. Formerly, this sub-
stance was much employed, and supposed to pos-
sess extraordinary virtues, especially when ap-
plied to the wrists. It has been recently used
again in intermittents. The spider itself, soft-
ened into a plaster and applied to the forehead
and temidcs, is said by Dioscorides to prevent
ague. Cobweb is a mechanical styptic, and is so
applied at times.
ARANEO'SA URI'NA. A term applied to
the urine when loaded with filaments, like cob
webs.
ARAXEO'SUS (PULSUS); a term employed
ARANEUM
8
ARCIIIATER
to express extreme weakness of pulse ; when the
movements resemble those of a delicate net raised
bj' the wind.
ARANEUM, AraneiB Tela.
Aua'nicum Ulcus, AstakU'los. A name given
by Paracelsus to a malignant, gangrenous ulcer,
extending from the feet to the legs.
A RATI A, Myrobalanus citrina.
ARASCON, Nvmphomania, Satyriasis.
ARATRUM, Vomer.
ARAUCARIA DOMBEYT, Dombeya excelsa.
ARBOISE. Arbutus unedo.
ARBOL BE LECHE, Galactodendron utile.
ARBOR BENIVI, Benjamin— a. Indica, Lau-
rus cassia — a. Maris, Coral — a. Thurifera, Juni-
perus Lycia — a. Uteri Vivificans, Palm» uteri
plicata:.
Arbor Vit/E, (F.) Arhre de vie. A name
given to an arborescent appearance, observed on
cutting the cerebellum longitudinally; and which
results from the particular arrangement of the
white substance with the eineritious. Also, the
Thuya occidentalis.
Arbor Yitjb, American, Thuya occidentalis —
a. Vita3 Uterinus, Palmae uteri plicatie — a. Vitse
of the Uterus, Palmas uteri plicataj.
AR'BORES. A morbid alteration of the skin,
which precedes its ulceration. Ruland.
ARBORIZA'TION, Arborisa'tio, (F.) Arbori-
sation, from arbor, arboris, 'a tree.' The figure
or appearance of a tree or plant. The capillary
vessels, when injected, as in inflammation, fre-
quently appear under the form of Arborizations.
ARnOUSIER, Arbutus unedo.
ARDRE DE VIE, Arbor VitiB.
ARBUSCUIiA GUMMIFERA BRAZILIEN-
jglS, Hypericum bacciferum.
ARBUTUS, A. Unedo — a. Trailing, A. Uva
ursi, Epigica repens.
Ar'bi/TUS Uva. Ursi, Aretostaph'yloa Uva ursi,
Maira'nia uva ursi. Ord. EricaceiC. Sex Syst.
Decandria Monogynia. (F.) BiisseroUe ou Rai-
sin d'Onrs. The^leaves- ((/«a Ursi, Ph. U. S.)
— of this plant are tonic and astringent, and have
been employed, chiefly, in diseases of the urinary
organs, and also as a parturifacient. Dose of the
powder from gr. xv to ^ss. The English names
are Trailing Ar'bntits, Bear's Whortleberry or
Bearberry, ilountain-box, Redberry, Upland
Cranberry, Foxberry, Checherberry, (Sc.) Braw-
lins.
Ar'butus UyE'DO, Ar'hutus, Andrach'ne, Une'-
do, U. papyra'eea, KO/iapog, (F.) Arbousier, Ar-
boise. A decoction of the leaves is astringent,
and has been used in diarrhoea.
ARC, Arch, Arcus, (F.) Are, Arcade (diminu-
tive). Any part of the body resemblirrg an arch
in form; as the Arch of the colon, (F.) Arc du
colon, — the transverse portion of that intestine :
— Arch of the Aorta, Arcus aor'tCB, (F.) Crosse
de I'Aorte, &c., the turn which the aorta takes in
the thorax.
ARCA ARCANORUM, Hydrargyrum— a. Cor-
dis, Pericardium.
ARCADE, see Arc — a, Anasfomotique, Arch,
anastomotic — a. Crurale, Crural arch — a. Ingui-
nale, Crural arch — a. Orbitaire, Orbitar arch —
a. Pubienne, Pubic arch — a. Zygomatique, Zygo-
mHitic (iron.
ARCADES DENTAIRES, Dental arches —
a. Pabnaires, Palmar arches.
A R CADI- TEMP OR 0-MAXILLAlRE, Tem-
poralis.
ARC^'US or ARC(E'US, BALSAM OF, (F.)
Baume d'Arecem. A kind of soft ointment used
in sores, contusions, &c. It is made by melting
two parts of mutton suet, one part of hog's lard :
turpentine and rosin, each one part and a half:
straining and agitating till cold.
ARCAXSOX, Colophonia.
ARCA'NUM, from area, 'a chest.' A seeret,
a nostrum, a quack or empir'icul med'icine, (F.)
Arcane. A remedy whose composition is kept
secret; but which is reputed to possess great
efBcacy.
Arcanum Corallinum, Hydrargyri nitrieo-
oxyduin — a. Duplicatum, Potassaa sulphas — a.
Tartari, Potassae acctas.
ARCEAU, Arculus, Cradle.
ARCEUTHOS, Juniperus communis.
ARCH, ANASTOMOTIC, (F.)^rca(/e^»flt8(o.
motique, is the union of two vessels, which anas-
tomose by describing a curved Hue. The vessels
of the mesentery anastomose in this manner.
Arch of the Aorta, see Aorta — a. Crural, see
Crural arch — a. Femoral, see Crural arch — a.
Gluteal, see Gluteal aponeurosis— a. Hremal, see
HiEmal arch — a. Inguinal, see Crural arch — a. Or-
bital, see Orbitar arch — a. of the Palate, see Palate
bone — a. of the Pubis, see Pubio arch — a. Subpu-
bic, see Subjiubic arch — a. Superciliary, see Su-
perciliary arches — a. of a Vertebra, see Vertebrae —
a. Zygomatic, see Zygomatic arch.
Arches of the Palate. These are two in
number on each side of the throat, one of vvhicli
is termed anterior, the other posterior.
The anterior arch arises from the middle of
the velum palati, at the side of the uvula, and is
fixed to the edge of the base of the tongue.
The posterior arch has its origin, likewise, from
the side of the uvula, and passes downwards to
be inserted into the side of the pharynx. The
anterior arch contains the circumflexus palati,
and forms the isthmus faucium. The posterior
arch has within it the levator palati, and be-
tween the arches are the tonsils.
ARCH/E'US, TlrcAe'Ms, from afiy^ri, 'commence-
ment,' (F.) Archce. A word invented by Basil
Valentine, and afterwards adopted by Paracelsus
and Van Ilelmout. The latter used it for the
internal principle of our motions and actions.
This archiieus, according to Van Helmont, is an
immaterial principle, existing in the seed prior
to fecundation, and presiding over the develop-
ment of the body, and over all organic pheno-
mena. Besides this chief archreus, whose seat
Van Helmont placed in the upper orifice of the
stomach, he admitted several of a subordinate
character, which had to execute its orders; one,
for instance, in each organ, to preside over its
functions; each of them being subject to anger,
caprice, terror, and every human feeling.
ARCHANGEL, NEW, MINERAL SPRINGS.
About twenty miles to the north of New Arch-
angel, Sitka Island, on the N. W. coast of North
America, are some thermal sulphureous waters,
the temperature of one of which is upwards of
153° of Fahr. They are much celebrated.— Sir
Geo. Simpson.
ARCHANGELICA, Lamium album— a. Ofhci-
nalis, Angelica.
ARCHE, apxV) Inifium, Princip'ium, Primor'-
dium, Ori'go, Inva'sio. The first attack of a dis-
ARCHECPTOMA, Proctocele.
ARCIJEE, Archteus.
ARCH ELL, CANARY, Lichen roccella.
ARCIIELOG"IA, from apxv, 'beginning,' and
\oYOi, 'a discourse.' A treatise on fundamental
principles — of medicine, for example.
ARCHEN'DA. A powder of the leaves of the
ligustrum, used by the Egyptians after bathing,
to obviate the unpleasant odour of the feet-
Prosper Alpinup.
ARCHlA'TER, Archia'trus, Protomcd'icv'i
ARC II I GEN I MOllBI
ARENATIO
J'roU'x'iros, from apxu), 'I am first,' and tarpoi'
' phy.«ician.' The original sifjnitication of this
wiiril is a matter of dispute. Some consider, with
Morcurialis, that it meant physician to a prince,
king, emperor, <fec. ; others, with C. Hoffmann, ap-
7)ly it to every physician who, by his situation,
is raised above his colleagues. The former opi-
nion seems to have prevailed — Arrhiatre de»
Jiois df! France being applied to the chief physi-
cian to the kings of France.
ARCUI(i"ENr MORUI. Acute diseases; be-
cause they hold the first rank: from ap;^?/, 'be-
ginning,' and ytvoixai, 'I am.'
ARCIIIMA(iIA, Chvmistry.
ARCIIIXtJEAY, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Archingeay is situate in France, three leagues
from .St. Jean d'Angely. The waters are prized
in all diseases. They seem to contain carbonate
of lime, a little chloride of sodium, carbonate of
iron, anil some bitumen.
ARClUTliCTURA APOPLECTICA, Apo-
plectic make.
ARC'IIITIS. Proctitis, Rectitis.
ARCHOCELE, Proctocele.
ARCIIOI'TOMA, Proctocele.
ARCIIOPTOSIS, Proctocele.
ARCIIORRIIA'GIA, from apx"!) ' 'lie anus,'
and pc(j), ' I flow.' Arehorrhce'a. Hemorrhage
from the anus.
ARCIIORRIKEA, Archorrhagia,
ARCIIOS, Arcus, Rectum.
ARCIIOSTE(tXOMA, Stricture of the Rectum.
AR('II()Sl'K(iXOSIS, Stricture of the Rectum.
ARCIIOSTENOSIS, Stricture of the Rectum.
ARCIIOSYRINX, Fistula in ano.
AR'CIFORM, Arcifor'min, from arx, arcis,
'a top or ridge,' and forma, 'shape.' An epi-
thet given to certain fibres, Fihrm arcifurm' ch,
of the anterior pyramids of the medulla oblon-
gata, which take a curved course around the in-
ferior extremity of each corpus olivare and ascend
towards the cerebellum.
ARCTA'TIO, Arctitii'do, from arcto, 'I make
narrow;' A)if/u8ta'iio, Coarcta'tin, (E.) Retrevin-
setnent. Contraction of a natural opening or of a
can.al, and especially of the vulva, of the orifice
of the uterus, or of the intestinal canal. Consti-
pation, (see Stegnosis.) Reunion by suture or
infibulation. — Scriboniu.s Largus, Paul Zac-
chias, Ac.
ARCTITUDO, Arctatio.
ARCTIU.M, A. lappa— a. Bardana, A. lappa.
AucTiiM Lappa. The root and seed of the
Clit'bur, Barda'na, ApKciov, Arctium, A. hnrda'na
seu majiis seu jjijuks seu tomento'sum, I'lajihis,
Lappa glabra. Lappa major seu persona'ta, Per-
sola'ta, PemolUi'ta, Persoht'ta, Burdock, (Old
Eng.) Clithe, Cuckold, (F.) Bardaiie, Glouteron,
Herbc aux tcignenx. Ord. Compositae. Sex. Syst.
Syngenesis ajqualis. Root, Lappa (Ph. U. S.),
diuretic ; seed, cathartic. It has been used in
decoction in diseases of the skin and in syphilis.
Aucrnnr Ma-jits, A. lappa — a. Minus, A. lappa
— a. Tomentosum, A. lappa.
ARC'TOPUS ECIIINA'TUS. A South Afri-
can plant, Ord. Umbelliferse, which is demulcent
and diuretic, somewhat approaching sarsaparilla.
Tlie decoction of the root is employed in syphilis,
lepra, and chronic cutaneous affections of all
ARGTOSTAPIIYLOS UVA URSI, Arbutus
uva ursi.
ARCTU'RA, from arcto, '1 straighten.' The
effects of a nail grown into the flesh, Aretu'ra
uiir/iiis. See Onychogryphosis.
ARCTtiRA Unguium. The growing in or inver-
sion of the nails. See Onychogryphosis.
ARCUA'TIO, Co7icava'tio. An antesior gib-
bosity or iirojection of the sternum.
ARCUEIL, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ar-
cueil is about one league south of Paris. The
water contains carbonic acid, carbonate of lime,
sulphate of lime, chloride of sodium, and some
deliquescent salts.
A celebrated society held its meetings at this
village, of which Berthollet, Humboldt, La Place,
<fec., were members.
ARCULA CORDIS, Pericardium.
ARCUL.15. The Orbitar Fossae: TrotXtia.—
Rufus of Ephesus.
ARC'ULUS, diminutive of arcim, 'an arch.' A
small arch; a cradle, (F.) Arcean, Archet. A
semicircular box or basket used for preventing
the bed-clothes from coming in contact with in-
jured or diseased parts. An ordinance of the
Grand Duke of Tuscany forbade mothers to sleep
with an infant near them, unless it was put under
a solid cradle.
ARCUS MEDULLARIS, Fornix— a. Senilis,
Gerotoxon — a. Subpubicus, Subpubic arch — a.
Superciliaris, Superciliary arches — a. Unguium,
see Nail — a. Zygomaticus, Zygomatic arch.
ARDALOS, Excrement.
ARDAS, Excrement.
ARDENT, Ardeiis, from ardere, 'to burn.'
Ardknt Fever, (F.) Fievre ardente. Caiisus,
Si/iiocha, or inflammatory fever.
Ardent or Inflamed Eves. (F.) Yeux ardent.
The eyes are so called when injected red.
Ardent Urine, (F.) Urine ardente. Urine of
a deep red.
ARDESIA IIIBERNICA, Ilibernicus lapis.
ARDEUR, Ardor — a. du Cceur, Cardialgia —
a. d'Estomac, Ardor ventriculi. Pyrosis — a. dc
la Fievre, Ardor Febrilis — a. d' Urine, Ardor
UriniB.
AR'DOR, (F.) Ardenr. Heat. A feeling of
burning, of violent heat; jEstua, jEstua'tio, Cau-
so'ma.
Ardor Febri'lis, (F.) Ardeur de la Fievre.
The hot period of fever.
Ardor Stomachi, Pyrosis.
Ardor Uri'n.«, (F.) Ardeur d'Urine. A scald-
ing sensation occasioned by the urine in passing
over the inflamed mucous membrane of the ure-
thra, or over the neck of the bladder.
Ardor Yenereus, Heat.
Ardor Yentric'ui.i, Ehullit"io Stom'achi,
Heartburn, (Sc.) Heartaxes, Hearticald, Hersket,
(F.) Ardeur d'Estomac. See Cardialgia and
Pyrosis.
A'REA, 'a void place,' 'an open surface.' A
Latin word used by some authors to designate a
variety of Alopecia, in which the hair changes
colour, but does not fall off; also, Porrigo de-
calvans.
ArkA GerminATIVA, Taclie embryonnaire.
Area Pellu'cida. An elliptical depression in
the ovum, filled with a pellucid fluid, in the cen-
tre of which is the germ.
Area Yasculo'sa, see Circulus venosus.
ARE'CA. The fruit — Are'ca nut, Betel nut —
of Are'ca Cat'echu seu Faufel, Uaun'ga ; Ord.
Palmje ; Sex. Syxt. Monoeeia Monadclphia; (F.)
Arec, is astringent and tonic, and enters into the
composition of the Betel, the great masticatory
of the Orientals.
AuECA Catechu, see Areca — a. Faufel, see
Arecji.
AREFAC'TION, Are/ac'tio, Xcran'ein, ^npavoii,
from arefacere, 'to make dry,' (arere, 'to dry,'
and /accre, 'to make.') The process of drying
substances, prior to pulverization.
ARENA, see Gravel.
ARENAMEN, Bole Armenian.
ARENA'TIO, Inhuma'tio, Chosis, Sand or
ARENGA SACCHARIFERA
ARGEMONE MEXICAxNA
Earth Bfith; from arena, 'sand:' Suhnrra'tlo. \
The application of hot sand to the body. Pcdi- I
lo'vin [?] of sand were formerly used in Ascites.
AREXGA SACCHARIFERA, see Toddy.
AREXO'SA URI'NA, Sandi/ Urine. Urine
when it deposits a sandy sediment.
AREXO'SUS, Sabulous. Also, one who passes
sandy urine.
AREXULA, see Gravel.
ARE'OLA. A diminutive of Area, (F.) Aire.
Anatomists understand by AreolcB the intrer-
stices between the fibres composing organs, or
those existing between laminw, or between ves-
sels which interlace with each other.
Areu/'i is also applied to the coloured circle
Hiilo, Ildlof, which surrounds the nipple, Are'-
<ila papllln'ris, and which becomes much darker
during pregnancy; as well as to the circle sur-
younding certain vesicles, pustules, <fec., as the
pustules cf the sraall-po.\, the vaccine vesicle,
itc. Chaussier, in such cases, recommends the
word Aure'dln, (F.) Aureule.
Arkola PAPiLLAnis, see Areola — a. Tubercles
of the. see Mamma.
AllE'OLAR, Arcola'ris. Appertaining to an
areola.
AuKOLAR Exhalations are those recremen-
titial secretions which are efiFected within the
organs of sense, or in parenchymatous struc-
tures — as the aqueous, crystalliuc, and vitreous
humours, &c.
Arkolar Tissue, Cellular Tissue.
AREOM'ETER, Araom'eler, Gravim'eter, AU
CDiiluin'eler, A/co'iiin'eter, A'eroHtat' ic Balance, from
a/iaioj, 'light,' and /itrpov, 'measure:' i. e. 'measure
of lightness.' An instrument
so called because first em-
ploj'ed to take the specific gra-
vity of fluids lighter than water.
The Areometer (if Baume, which
is the most used in Pharmacy,
particularly in France, consists
of a tube of glass, largely
expanded towards its inferior
extremity, and terminating be-
low by a small ball, containing
mercury or lead, which serves
it as a balance, so that it maj'
remain upright in the fluid.
This tube is furnished with a
graduated scale. If the fluid
into which the Areometer is
plunged be heavier than water,
the instrument rises; if lighter,
it sinks. There are various
Areometers, as those of the
Dutch, of Fahrenheit, Nichol-
son, &e. The Areometer is also
called Hydroni'eter, (F.) Areo-
metre, Pese-liqueur.
There are some hydrometers
which have a general applica-
tion for determining the spe-
cific gravities of li(iuids — as
Fahrenheit's, Nicholson's,Guy-
ton de Morveau's, and the com-
mon glass hydrometers, inclu-
ding Baurafi's, Cartier's, Twad-
dle's, Zanetti's, and the spe-
cific gravity beads; others in-
tended for special application
— as for estimating the com-
parative strength of spirits; the
comparative densities of sy-
rups, oils, <tc. — as Gay Lus-
sac's, Sikes's, and Dicat's hy-
drometers, and the saccharometer, urinometer,
and elaeometer.
SCALE OF BAUMk's nvnnOMKTER, WITH CORRE-
SPONDING SPECIFIC GRAVITIES.
1. Asceiidintj Scale for light li'juids.
Scale of
Specific
Substances.
nauitic.
Gravities.
70
700
Pure hydrocyauic acid. — O'ui/ Lus-
sac.
C6
715
Very pure sulphuric ether.
60
742
The same conceutratcU.
50
782
48
792
Kqual parts of dlcolinl and ether.
42 '
819)
827/
A'ery pure alcohol tor iihaniiucuu-
40
tical purposes.
36
847
Pure alcohol. Naphtha.
33
863
Alcohol of romiiiercp.
3-2
868
Kssential oil of turpentine.
30
878
1
Hydrocyanic acid of Sclioele and
pure hydrocyanic acid, mixed
2G
with an equal portion of water.
— Rohiquet.
25
23
906 )
915 i
1
Acetic ether.
Nitric ether.
Id.
Td. ,
Murititic ctlicr.
22
923
Liquid ammonia.
Olive oil.
Id.
Td.-l
20
935 y
Brandy.
18
948 j
13
9S0
Burguudy wine.
12
986
11
993
Bordeaux wine.
10
1000
Distilled water.
2. Descending Scale for heavy Hr[uids.
Baume's Hydro-
meter.
Scale r,f
Specific
Substances.
Baume.
Giavities.
1000
Common distilled water.
1
1007 ■)
1009 f
Distilled vinegar.
2
1014
Common vinegar.
u
1032
Cow's milk.
10
12
1075 1
1091 j"
Concentrated acetic acid.
20
1161
21
25
IISO )
1210/
Liquid hydrochloric acid.
30
1261
Boilins syrup.
35
1321 1
Cold f!yrup.
Common nitric acid.
40
1.3841
41
139S y
Concentrated nitric acid.
45
1454 J
Id.
Id.
Phosphoric acid for medical use.
50
1532
CO
1714
66
1847
Very concentrated sulphuric acid.
70
1946
Vpry concentriited phosphoric arid
ARES. A term invented by Paracelsus to de-
signate the principle on which depends the form
of mercury, sulphur, and salt. These the alcby-
mists regarded as the three bodies that give birth
to every other.
AR'ETE, apiTt), 'virtue.' Mental or corporeal
vigour. — Hippocrates.
ARETHU'SA, A. bulbo'sa ; indigenous. Order,
Orchidaceae. The bruised bulbs are used in
toothache ; and as cataplasms to tumours.
A'REUS. A pessary mentioned by Paulus of
iEgina.
ARGEL, Cynanchura olea?folium.
AR'GEMA, Ar'gemon, Ar'gemus, from afyoi,
'white.' Fos'snla, {¥.) Encavvre. A white spot
or ulceration of the eye. — Hippocrates. See
Leucoma.
ARGEMO'NE, MEXICA'NA, Thorn Poppy,
Prickly Poppy, Yellntc Thistle. A native of
Mexico, but naturalized in most parts of the
world. Ord. Papaveraeea). Sex. Syst. Polyan-
dria Monogynia. The juice resembles gamboge,
ARGENSON
89
ARGILLA BOLUS FLAVA
and hns been used tis a hydragogue. The seeds
are cmidDyed in the West Indies as a substitute
for ipecacuanha. They are also used as a ca-
thartic.
ARUENSON, MINERAL WATERS OF. A
chalybeate situate at Argcnson in Dauphiny :
used in cases of obstruction, jaundice, &c.
ARGENT, Argentum — a. Chlorure d', see Ar-
gentuni — a. Cjjaiinre d', see Argentum — a. et
d'Ainiuoiiiaqiie, chlorure d', sec Argentum — a.
lodure d', see Argentum — a. Ojcide d', see Ar-
gentum — a. Petit, Platinum — a. Vive, Hydrar-
gyrum.
AlKiENTKRTA, Potentilla anserina.
ARUENTI CllLORIDUM, see Argentum— a.
et Ammoniac chloridum, see Argentum — a. et
Aramoniae ciiloruretum, see Argentum — a. Cya-
nidum, see Argentum — a. Cyanuretum, see Ar-
gentum — a. lodidum, see Argentum — a. lodure-
tum, see Argentum.
Akgkn'ti NrniAS, Argen'tnm Nitra'tum seu
Ntt'ricnm, S<d arijen'ti, (F.) Nitrate OU Azotate
d' Argent, Nitrate of Silver. This preparation is
sometimes kept in crystals, the Nitras Argeii'ti
in cryatol'los coiicre'ttm. Nitrate d' Argent crjital-
liie of the Codex of Paris, Luna potab' His, Cnjs-
talli LuncB, Argen'tum nit'ricHrii crystallisa'tiim.
Nitron (trgputi crystal' linns, Nitrum luna're, Hy-
droij'i'gnni Roy'lici. Generally, however, it is in
the fui^ed state : and it is this which is admitted
into most Pliarmacopoeias, and which, besides
the name Nitras Argcnti, is called Ni'tras arrjen'ti
fusHS Still fusnin, Oaus'ticum luna're. Lapis infcr-
iia'tis, Argen'tum nit'ricum fusum, and lunar
caustic, (F.) Nitrate d'argeut fondu, Pierre in-
fernale.
In the Pharmacopceia of the United States, it
is directed to bo prepared as follows : — Take of
silver, in small pi<'ces, ,^j ; nitric acid, f^vij,
distilled water, i'^'i]. Mix the .acid with the
water, and dissolve the silver in the mixture in
a sand bath; then crystiiUizc, or gradually in-
crease the heat, so that the resulting salt may be
dried. Melt tliis in a crucible over a gentle fire,
and continue the heat until ebullition ceases;
then immediately pour it into suitable moulds.
The virtues of nitrate of silver are tonic, and
escharotic. It is given in chorea, epilepsy, Ac. :
locally, it is used in various cases as an escha-
rotic. Dose, gr. 1-8 to gr. l-A in pill, three times
a day.
When silver is combined vrith iodine, it is said
to have the same effect as the nitrate, and not to
produce the slate colour of the surface, which is
apt to follow the protracted use of the latter.
Argenti Oxidum, see Argentum.
ARGENTILLA vulgaris, Potentilla an-
serina.
AR'GENTINE, Argento'sus, same etymon as
the next. Pertaining to silver; as an 'argentine
solution,' or solution of a salt of silver.
Akgknti.nk. Potentilla anserina.
ARGEN'TUM, Ar'gyrus, from apyos, 'white,'
Silver, Luna, Dia'na. (V.) Argent. A solid metal
of a sliining white appearance ; insipid; inodor-
ous; highly sonorous; malleable and ductile;
somewhat hard; crystallizable in triangular py-
ramids ; fusible a little above a red heat, and
volatizable; s. g. 10.4. Not used in medicine,
unless in some places for silvering pills. Silver
Leaf, Argen'tum folia'tum, is the state in which
it is used for tiiis purpose.
Argknth.m Divi'si'M, metallic silver, in very
fine powder, has been recommended internally in
syphilis.
The CiiT.ORinE (Argen'ti chlo'ridum, Argen'-
tum muriat'icum seu chlora'tum sen sali'tum.
Chlorure'tnm Arrjen'ti, Chlor'uret or .Ifu'riate of
iSiher, (F.) Chlorure d' Argent); the Cyanuuet;
the Iodide (Argen'ti lo'didum, Argen'tum loda'-
tum, lodure' turn Argen'ti, lod'uret of Silver, (F.)
lodure d' Argent;) the OxiDE [Argen'ti ox'idum,
Argen'tum oxyda'tum, (F.) Oxide d' Arg(nt),Sini.
the Chloride of Ammonia and Silver (Argen'ti
et Ammo'uicB chlo'ridum, Argen'tum muriat'icum
ammonia'tum, Chlorure'tum Argen'ti et Ammo'-
nicB, Vhlo'ruret of Silver and Ammonia, Ammo-
nio-chloride of Silver, (F.) Chlorure d Argent et
d' Ammoniaque),\\s>,\'& been used in syphilis. At
first, these ditferent preparations were adminis-
tered iatraleptically on the gums ; the chloride,
the cyanide and the iodide in the dose of l-12th
of a grain; the chloride of silver and ammonia
in the dose of l-14th of a grain, and the oxide of
silver and divided silver in the dose of 1-Sth and
l-4th of a grain. M. Serrc, of Montpellicr, who
made many trials with them, soon found that
these doses were too small; he therefore raised
that of the chloride to 1-1 0th, and of the iodide
to l-8th of a grain, without any inconvenience
resulting. The dose of the other preparations was
likewise increased in a similar ratio. M. Serre
extols the preparations of silver — used internally
as VFell as iatraleptically — as antisyphilitics, but
they are not to be depended upon.
The Cyanuret or Cyanide of Silver, Argen'ti
Cynnure'tum seu Cyan' idum, Argen'tum cyanoge-
na'lum, (F.) Cyanure d'argcnt, is thus directed
to be prepared in the Ph. U. S. (1842.) Argent.
Nit. 3xv, Acid Hydrocyan., Aq. deatiUat. aa Oj.
Having dissolved the nitrate of silver in the
water, add the hj^drocyanio acid, and mix them.
Wash the precipitate with distilled water and dry
it. In the last edition of the Pharmacopoeia,
(1851,) it is directed to be prepared as follows: —
Nitrate of Silver, dissolved in distilled water, is
put into a tubulated glass receiver; Feroeyanuret
of Potassium, dissolved in distilled water, is put
into a tubulated retort, previously adapted to the
receiver. Dilute Sulphuric Acid is added to the
solution in the retort; and, bj- means of a sand-
bath and a moderate heat, distillation is carried
on until the liquid that passes over no longer
produces a precipitate in the receiver. The pre-
cipitate is then washed with distilled water, and
dried.
The Oxide of Silver, Argen'ti Ox'idum, has
been introduced into the last edition of the Ph.
U. S. (1851). It is made by precipitating a solu-
tion of the Nitrate of Silver by solution of Po-
tassa, drying the precipitate.
Argentum Chloratum, see Argentum — a,
Cyanogenatum, see Argentum — a. Fugitivum,
Hydrargyrum — a. Fusum, Hydrargyrum — a,
lodatum, see Argentum — a. Liquidum, Hj'drar-
gyrum — a. Mobile, Hydrnrgyrum — a. Muriati-
cum, see Argentum — a. Muriaticum Ammonia-
tum, see Argentum — a.Oxydatum, see Argentum
— a. Salitum, see Argentum — a. Vivum, Hydrar-
gyrum.
ARGIL, PURE, Argilla pura.
ARGILE OOHREUSE PALE, Bolus Alba. '
ARGILLA BOLUS FLAVA, Terra Lemnia—
a. Bolus rubra. Bole Armenian — a. Ferruginea
rubra. Bole Armenian — a. Kalisulphurica, Alu-
men — a. Pallida, Bolus alba.
Argilla Pura, Terra Alu'minis seu hola'ris,
seu argilla'cea pura seu depura'ta seu hydra'ta,
Alu'mina pura seu de]>ura'ta, Ox'idum alumin'ii,
pure Argil or Alumina, (F.) Aluniine faetice.
This substance, which is prepared by drying alum
and exposing it, for twenty or twenty-five mi-
nutes, to a red heat, until the sulphuric acid is
driven off, has been recommended in indigestion
as antacid, as well as in vomiting and diarrhoea
accompanied with acidit.v. Tlie dose to a very
young child is from ^ss to 5J J to older chUdren
fram 5J to ^ij.
ARGILL.^ ACETAS
00
ARMOUR
AnflTLT.A SULPIIURICA. Al.CALlSATA, Aluilien —
a. Sulphurica usta, Alumen exsiccatum — a. Su-
persulphas alcalisatum, Alumen — a. Vitriolata,
Alumen.
ARGILLiE ACETAS, Aluminte acetas — a.
Sulphas, Aliiininre sulphas.
ARGOL, RED, Potas.«ae .supertartras impurus
— a. White, Potiissse supertartras impurus.
AR(;UMENTUM INTEGRITATIS. Hymen.
ARGY'RIA, from apyvpos, 'silver.' The dis-
coloration of the skin occasioned by the internal
use of nitrate of silver.
ARGYROCn.ETA, Matricari.-i.
AlKiYROPirORA, from apyvpo;, 'silver,' and
(pepw, 'I bear.' A name given, by Myrepsus, to
iin antidote which he regarded as extremely pre-
cious.
ARGYROTROPHEMA, Blancmanger.
ARGY'RUS, Argentum.
ARHEUMAT'JC, Aihetimat'icus, from a, pri-
vative, and pcv/ia, 'fluxion or rheumatism.' One
■without fluxion or rheumatism.
ARIA, Crata;gus aria — o. Cattivn, see Miasma.
ARICI'NA, Aric">a, Ciis'conin, Ciisco-Cincho'-
iiin, so called from Arica in South America, the
place where it is shipped. An alkaloid found in
Cusco Bark, which is very similar in many of its
properties to Cinchonia. Cusco was the ancient
residence of the Incas.
ARIC'YMON, from apt, an intensive particle,
and Kvctv, ' to conceive.' A name given to a
female who conceives readily. — Iliiipoerates.
ARIDE'NA. A Latin word employed to de-
signate the leanness of any part. — Ettmuller,
Sauvages.
ARID'ITY", Artd'itnu. (F.) Arnlitf, from nrcre,
'to grow dry.' The French use the word .4*-?-
dite to express the dryness of any organ, and
particularly of the skin and tongue, wlien such
dryness is so great as to render the organ rough
to the touch. Aridite also means the lanuginous
appearance of the hair in some diseases in which
it seems covered with dust.
ARIDU'RA. Wasting or emiiciation of the
■whole or of any part of the body ; Marasmus,
Atrophy.
Aridura Cordis, Heart, atrophy of the — a.
Hepatis, Hepatrophia.
ARIKA, see Spirit.
ARISiEMA ATRO-RUBENS, Arum triphyl-
lum.
ARISTALTH.^A, Altha?a.
ARISTOLOCHI'A, from apiorof, ' very good,'
and \o')(^cta, 'parturition;' so called, because the
diflerent varieties were supposed to aid parturi-
tion. Birtliwnrt, (P.) Ari&foloche. Ord. Aris-
tolochiaceaj. Several vnrieties were once in use.
Aristolochia Cava, Fumaria bulbosa.
Aristolochi'a Clemati'tis, Aristolochi'a Vvl-
ga'ris seu Cre'ttca seu ten'uis, Adra liiza (F.)
Aristoloche ordinaire, Upright Birtlnoort. The
root has been considered stimulant and emmena-
gogue, and as such has been used in amenorrhoea,
chlorosis, and cachexia.
Aristolochia Cretica, A. Clematitis — a. Fa-
bacea, Fumaria bulbosa — a. Hastata, see A.
serpentaria — a. Hirsuta, see A. serpentaria.
Aristolochi'a Losga, and A. Rotun'da, (F.)
Aristoloche lougiie et ronde, Long and Hound
Birthicort. Virtues the same as the preceding.
Aristolochi'a Pistolochi'a, Pintolochi'u Aris-
tolochi'a, Pohjrrhi'zn. This variety has an aro-
matic odour, and an acrid and bitter taste. (F.)
Arinloluche crenelee.
Aristolochia P».eticulata, see A. serpentaria.
Aristolochi'a Serpenta'ria, Serpenta'ria, S.
Virginia'na, Vipera'ria, Vipcri'na Virginia'na,
Colnbri'na Virginia'na, Contrayer'va Virginia'-
na, (F.) Serpcntaire et Ariitoloche scrpentaire de
Virginie, Cohirrine ou Coideuvrfe on Vipfrine de
Virginia, Virginia Snakeroot, Snakcroiit Birth-
icort, Snal-ciaeed, Snagrcl. Virtues of the root,
Serpenta'ria, tonic, stimulant; and as such, em-
ployed in debility, intermittents, A-c. Aristo-
lochi'a Hirsu'ta, a. Hasta'ta and A. Retici'-
la'ta; indigenous, are employed indiscriminately
with A. Serpentaria under the name Serpentaria
or Virginia Snakeroot.
Aristolochi'a Sipho, Dutchman's pipe, and
A. Tomento'sa; indigenous, have virtues like
those of A. Serpentaria.
Aristolochi'a Texcis, A. Clematitis — a. To-
mcntosa, see A. sipho — a. Trifida, A. Triloba ta.
Aristolochi'a Triloba'ta, A. trifida, (F.)
Aristoloche trilobee. A plant of Surinam and
Jamaica; possessing the general virtues of the
Aristolochiacea;. The other varieties of Aristo-
lochia have similar properties.
Aristolochi'a Vulgaris Rotunda, Fumaria
bulbosa.
ARISTOLOCH'IC, Aristoloch'icus. Same ety-
mology. An old term for remedies supposed to
have the property of promoting the flow of the
lochia. — Hippocrates, Theophrastus, Dioscorides,
&e.
^ ARIS'TON MAGNUM, and ARTSTON PAR-
VUM. These names were formerly given to
pharmaceutical preparations, used in phthisis,
tormina, and fever. — Avicenna.
ARISTOPHAKEI'ON. A sort of emollient
plaster, prepared with four pounds of pitch, two
of apochyma, one of wax, an ounce of opoponax,
and half a pint of vinegar. — Gorrseus. Not
used.
ARKAN'SAS, MINERAL AVATERS OP.
About 6 miles from the Washita river, and about
a quarter of a degree north of the Louisiana line,
there are about 70 of those springs; — Onachitn
or Wnnhitau Springs. They are thermal, vary-
ing from 138° to loO° Fahrenheit, and are em-
ployed in rheumatism, cutaneous aflections, Ac.
ARK-BEIN, Pubis os.
ARKEION, Arctium Lappa.
ARLADA, Realgar.
ARLES, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ther-
mal sulphureous springs in the department of
Pyrenees Orientalcs, France. Their temperature
is 10.3° to 145° of Fahr., and they contain sul-
phohydric acid.
ARM, Brachium.
ARMA, Ponis— a. Ventris, Penis.
ARMAMENTARIUM, Arsenal — a, Chirurgi-
cum, see Arsenal— a. Portabile, see Case.
ARMATORY UNGUENT, Hoplochrysma.
ARMATURA, Amnios.
ARME, from apw, ' I adapt.' Any physiolo-
gical or mechanical junction or union of parts. —
Ilesychius. A suture, as of the cranium-— Galen.
ARMENIACA EPIROTICA, Prunus Armeni-
aca— a. Mains, Apricot, see Prunus— a. Vulgaris,
Prunus Armeniaca.
ARMENIAN STONE, Mclocbites.
ARMENITES. Melochites.
ARMILLyE MANUS MEMBRANOSiE, An-
nular ligaments of the carpus.
ARMOfSE BLANCHE, Artemisia rupestris
— a. Comimme, Artemisia vulgaris — a. Estragon,
Artemisia draeunculus— a. Ordinaire, Artemisia
vulgaris.
ARMONTACUM, Ammoniac, gum.
ARMORA'CIA, from Armorica, where it was
largely cultivated. In the Pharmacopeia of the
United States, the fresh root of Cochlearia armo-
racia.
Armoracia RnsTicANA, Cochlearia armoracia
— a. Sativa, Cochlearia armoracia,
ARMOUR, Condom.
ARMURE DES JAMBES
91
ARROW ROOT
ARMURE DES JAMUES, see Cornu am-
monisi.
AHMUS. Humerus — a. Summus, Acromion.
ARX, Aliius glutino.sa.
AKXALD'IA, Arnaldic. A disease, which
appejirs to have prevailed in England at one
time, but whose origin and nature are unknovpn.
It was accompanied with loss of hair; and, by
some, is supposed to have been Syphilis. " Deinde
uterque Hex incidit in aegritudinem, quam Ar-
naldiam vocant, in qua ipsi usque ad mortem
hiborantes, capillos suos deposuerunt." — Rogerus
Ilovedenus, in Ricardo I., cited by Du Cange.
AR'NICA MONTA'XA. Derivation uncer-
tain. Arnicft, Leiipaid's Rune, Durun' icum Ger-
iiian'icum seu Oppoeiti/o'lium seu Plantar/" iniv
folio, Ar'nica PliiuQiiii'i, Alis'ma, Ac"yrus,
Diuret' tea, Panace'a lapio'rtim, Ptar' mica mon-
ta'tia, Calllia seu Culeii'dula A/pi'na, Narihw
Cel'ticn al'lera, (F.) Avnique, Betoiiie ou Tahac
des Moiitagnes, Tahue dea Vosrjes, Tahac ou Be-
toiiie des Savoyards, Doroiiic d'Allemaf/ne, Plan-
tain ou SoncL dea Alpes. Sex. Sijsl. Syngenesia
PulygiDnia superflua. Oid. Composila). The
plant and flowers (Arnica, Ph. U. S.) are consi-
dered, or have been considered, narcotic, stimu-
lant, emnienagogue, Ac; and, as such, have been
given in amaurosis, paralysis, all nervous affec-
tions, rheumatism, gout, chlorosis, <fec. Dose,
gr. V to X, in powder. In large doses it is dele-
terious.
Aknica Nudicaui.is and A. JIollis are sup-
posed to have medical virtues like the last.
Arnica Plaukxsis, Arnica montana — a. Spuria,
Inula dysenterica — a. Suedensis, Inula dysen-
terica.
ARXTQUE, Arnica montana.
ARNO(}L0SSUM, Pluntngo.
AUNOTT'S DILATOR, see Dilator, Arnott's.
AllNUT, Bunium bulbocastanum.
ARO'MA, Ar'li/ma, 'perfume:' [apt, intensive,
and oaiirj or oSjjtri, 'odour,' or from apw, 'to make
fitting or agreeable.') Spir'itus Rector, (F.)
Arome. The odorous part of plants. An ema-
nation — fre(iuently imponderable — from bodies,
which acts on the organ of smell, and varies with
the body exhaling it.
AH 6 MATE, Aromatic.
AR0:MAT'IC, .4roHK(<'(cu.s, (F.) Aromate. Any
odoriferous substance obtained from the vegetable
kingdom which contains much volatile oil, or a
light and exjjansible resin. Aromatics are used
in perfumes, in seasoning, and embalming. In
medicine they are employed as stimulants. Gin-
ger, cinnamon, cardamoms, mint, &o., belong to
this class.
AR'OMATIZE, (F.) Aromntiser. To add to a
mixture or potion some aromatic, to mask its
taste or render it more agreeable. Such mix-
ture is then said to be aromatized.
AROMATOPO'LA, from afnofia, 'an odour,'
and TrwXtoj. ' I sell.' An apothecary or druggist.
One who sells spices.
A RON. Arum.
AROPII. A barbarous word, which had vari-
ous significations with the ancients. Paracelsus
employed it to designate a lithonthriptic remedy.
The mandragora, according to some. Also, a
mixture of bread, saffron, and wine.— Van Hel-
mont.
Aroph Paracet.st, Ferrum amraoniatum.
AHQEERUSADE, EAU B', Aqua tranmat'-
iea Thrdc'nii sen Tlicdia'nn seu aclopeta'ria seu
vulnera'ria seu catapnlta'riim, Miatit'ra vnlnera'-
ria ac"ida. A sort of vulnerary water, distilled
from a farrago of aromatic plants. Rosemary,
tbiss; millefoil, t In/me, each Ibss : Proof spirit, 2
gallons— distil a gallon. This is one form.
ARR, Cicatrix.
ARRABON, Arraphon.
ARUACIIEMENT {¥.), from arrachcr, 'to
tear out,' Aptoapas'ma, Ahrup'tio, Avul'sio. Act
of separating a part of the body by tearing it from
the bonds connecting it with others. Evulsion.
Laceration.
Arrachement is applied to certain operations,
as to the extraction of a tooth, the extirpation of
a 2)oli/piis, (fee.
ARRACK, Arack. See Spirit.
AR'RAPHON, Ar'rahon, from a, priv., and
pa(prj, 'a suture,' — 'without suture.' A term
applied to the cranium when it presents no
sutures.
ARRECTIO. Erection.
ARRED, see Scar.
ARREPTIO, Insanity.
ARRESTA BOVIS, Ononis spinosa.
ARRET D'HILDAN, Remora Hildani.
ARRETE-DCEUF, Ononis spinosa.
ARRIICE'A, from a, priv., and ptu, 'I flow.'
The suppression of any flux. Ameuorrhoja.
ARRHOSTEMA, Disease.
ARRIIOSTENIA, Disease.
ARRHOSTIA, Disease, Infirmity.
ARRIIYTIIMUS, Cacorrhythmus.
ARRIBA, GeofFraa vermifuga.
ARRIERE-BOUCIIE, Pharynx — o. -Dent,
see Dentition — a. -Faix, Secundines.
ARRIERE-GOUT {¥.), 'after taste.' The
taste left by certain bodies in the mouth for some
time after they have been swallowed, owing per-
haps to the papillae of the mouth having imbibed
the savoury substance.
ARRIERES NARIXES, Nares, posterior.
AR ROCHE, Atriplex hortensis — a. Puant,
Chenopodium vulvaria.
ARROSEMEXT, Aspersion.
ARROWHEAD, Sagittaria variabilis.
ARROW LEAF, Sagittaria variabilis.
ARROW POISON. This differs with different
tribes of Indians. By some, the poison capsicum,
and infusions of a strong kind of tobacco, and of
euphorbiaceaj are mixed together, with the poi-
sonous emmet, and the teeth of the formidable
serpent, called, by the Peruvian Indians, Miua-
maru or Jenjnn — Lacheii^ picta of Tschudi.
ARROW ROOT, Fee'idn Jfaran'tts, Am'ylum
maranta'cetim seu America'num. The fecula of
the rhizoma of Jfaran'ta Antndina'oea, Jfaraitta
(Ph. U. S.), Ord. Marantaceae, which, like all
fecuhis, is emollient and nutritive, when prepared
with water, milk, &c.
Dr. Carson has shown, ihut Florida arrow root
is derived from Za'mia. intcrjrifo'lia or Z.pn'mila,
Siir/ar pine, Ord. C3'cadaceae ; Bermuda arroio
root being obtained from Maranta arundinacea.
Florida arrow root, as well as the farina, is known
in the Southern States under the name Coonti or
Coontie.
According to Dr. Ainslie, an excellent kind of
arrow root is prepared in Travancore from the
root of Curcuma angustifolia, Old. Zingiberacea^.
Arrow root mucilai/e is made by ruVibing arrow
root powder with a little cold water, in a basin,
by means of the back of a spoon, until it is com-
pletely mixed with the water; then pouring boil-
ing water over it, stirring assiduously until a soft,
gelatinous, tenacious mucilage is formed; and,
lastl}', boiling for five minutes. A tablespoonful
of arrow root powder is sufficient to make a pint
of mucilage. It may be moderately sweetened;
and wine or lemon juice may be added.
With milk also it forms a bland and nutritious
article of diet.
Arrow Root, Brazilian. The fecula of Ja-
troplia JIanihot.
ARROW WEED
92
ARSENICUM
Arrow Root, Common, see Solanum tubero-
Bum.
Arrow Root, East Indian. The fecula of the
tubers of Curcuma aiitjustifolia, or narrow-leaved
Turmeric.
Arrow Root, English, Arrow root, common.
Arrow Root, Tahi'ti, Tacca starch, Otahei'te
Salep. The fecula of Tacca Oceanica.
ARROW WEED, Sagittaria variabilis.
ARROW AVOOD, Euonymus, Viburuum den-
tatum.
ARS CABALISTICA, Cabal— a. Chymiatrica,
Chymiatria — a. Clysmatica nova. Infusion of me-
dicines — a. Cocjuinaria, Culinary art — a. Cosme-
tica, Cosmetics — a. Culinaria, Culinary art — a.
Empiriea, Empiricism — a. Formulas uiedieascon-
cinandi, see Prescription — a. Hermetica, Chymis-
try — a. llomoeopathica, Homoeopathy — a. Hydria-
trica, Ilydrosudoiherapeia — a. Infusoria, Infu-
sion of medicines — a. Machaonia, Medicina — a.
Majorum, Cliymistry — a. Medica, Medicina — a.
Obstetricia, Obstetrics — a. Sanandi, Art, healing
— a. Separatoria, Chymistry — a. Signata, Cabal
— a. Spagyrica, Chymistry — a. Sphygmica, Sphyg-
mologia — a. Veterinaria, Veterinary Art — a. Zoia-
trica, Veterinary Art.
ARSALTOS, Asphaltum.
ARSATUM, Nymphomania.
ARSECOCKLE (Sc), synonymous with Teut.
aers-bleyne, tuberculus in cino. Originally, a
hot pimple on the hips. Now, in Scotland, a
similar pimple on the face or any part of the
body. — Jamieson.
ARSENAL (F.), Cliirapotlie'ca, Armamentd'-
ritinu A. Chirur'gicum. A collection of surgical
instruments. A work containing a description
of surgical instruments. Armainentit'riuDt ob-
stet'riciiin has the same significations in regard to
obstetrics.
ARSEN'IATE, Arsen'iaa, (F.) Arahiiate, troxa
cpat}v, ' robust.' A salt formed by a combination
of arsenic acid with a salifiable base.
Arseniate of Ammonia, Arsen'ias Ammo'niw,
Ammo'nium Arsen'ieum seu Arsenic' icum, (F.)
Arseniate d'Ammoniaque. This preparation is
highly extolled in cutaneous diseases. A grain
of the salt may be dissolved in an ounce of dis-
tilled water, and 20 to 25 drops be commenced
with as a dose.
Arseniate op Iron, Arsen'ias Ferri, Ferrum
Arsenia'tum seu Arsenic'icum ojcydidn'tum, (F.)
Arseniate de Fer. This preparation has been
applied externally to cancerous ulcers. An oint-
ment may be made of ^ss of the arseniate, ^ij of
the phosphate of iron, and g^'J of spermaceti
ointment. The arseniate has also been given
internally in cancerous aflFections, in the dose of
one-sixteenth of a grain.
Arseniate op Protox'ide op Potas'sium,
Proto-arsen'iate of Potas'sium, Arsen'iate of Po-
tassa, Arsen'ias Potasses seu Kali, (F.) Arseniate
de Potasse, Sel arsenical de Ilacqtier. Proper-
ties the same as those of arsenious acid.
Arseniate op Quinia, Quiniae Arsenias.
Arsen'iate op Soda, Soda arsen'ias, (F.) Ar-
s6niate de Sonde. Made, according to the Codex
of Paris, by mixing and heating to redness arse-
nious acid and nitrate of soda; dissolving the
salt in water ; adding carbonate of soda until
there is an alcaline reaction ; filtering, evapora-
ting, and crystallizing. It is the basis of Pear-
son's Solution, which is formed of one grain of the
crystallized a;-«e(r("o?e to one fluidonnce of distilled
water. Dose, gtt. xx. Heinecke's Solution con-
sists of the arseniate, gr. vj ; peppermint water,
f5iiss; wine of cinnamon, f^ss; laudanum, { ^'j.
Dose, forty to fifty drops.
ARSENIA TE DE SO UDE, Arseniate of Soda.
AR'SENIC, Arsen'ieum, (Ph. U. S.) A solid
metal ; of a steel-gray colour ; granular texture ;
very brittle; volatilizing before melting; very
combustible and acidifiablc. It is not dangerous
of itself, and only becomes so by virtue of the
facility with which it absorbs oxygen.
ARSENIC BLANC, Arsenicum album.
Arsenic, Iodide op, Arsen'ici lo'didum seu
Teriod'idum seu lodure'tum, Arsen'ictnn loJu'-
tiim, Hydri'odas arsen'ici, formed by the combi-
nation of arsenic and iodine. This preparation,
applied externally, has been highly extolled in
various cutaneous affections. An ointment may
be made of three grains of iodide to ,^j of lard.
It has also been given internally in the dose of a
tenth of a grain in similar aliectious. It is offici-
nal in the Ph. II. S. 1851.
Arsenic, Oxide of, Arsenicum album — a. Ox-
ide of, White, Arsenicum album — a. White, -Vrse-
nicum album.
Arsenic and Mercury, Iodide of, Jlijdrnr'-
gi/ri et Arsen'ici lo'didum, Double J'odide of
Mer'cury and Ar'senic, lodo-arscnile of Her'cury.
A compound, which has been proposed as more
efficacious than either the iodide of arsenic or
the iodide of mercury. It is made by tritura-
ting G'08 grains of arsenic ; 14-82 grains of mer-
cury; 49 of iodine, with a fluidrachin of alcohol,
until the mass has become dry, and from being
deep brown has become pale red. Eight ounces
of distilled icuter are poured on, and, after tritu-
ration for a few moments, the whole is trans-
ferred to a flask; half a drachm of Jii/driodic
acid, prepared by the acidification of two grains
of iodine, is added, and the mixture is boiled for
a few moments. When the solution is cold, make
the mixture up to f^viij with distilled water.
This is called by Mr. Donovan, the proposer,
Liquor Arsen'ici et JTydrur'f/yri Jo'didi, each
drachm of which, by measure, consists of water,
5j ; arsenious acid, gr. l-8th ; peroxide of mercury,
gr. l-4th ; iodine, converted into liydriodlc acid,
gr. 3-4ths. In the last edition of the Ph. U. S.
it is directed to be made of Arsenici lodidum
tind Hi/drarejyri lodidum rubruiii, each gr. xxxv;
and Aqua destillata, Oss ; dissolving by rubbing,
heating to the boiling point, and filtering.
The dose of Donovan's Solution is from TT^X
to f |5ss, two or three times a day.
It has been used successfully in inveterate cu-
taneous diseases.
ARSEN'ICAL, Arsenica'lis, (F.) Arsenical.
Relating, or appertaining to, or containing, ar-
senic.
Arsen'ical Paste, (F.) Pate ArsSnicalf.
This application to cancers is formed of 70 parts
of cinnabar, 22 of draz/on's blood, and 8 of arse-
nious acid ; made into a paste with saliva, when
about to be applied.
Arsenical Powders of Frere Come, and op
Justamond, see Powder, Arsenical.
Arsenical Solution, see Arseniate of Soda,
and Liquor Arsenicalis.
ARSENICI IIYDRIODAS, Arsenic, Iodide of
— a. lodidum, Arsenic, Iodide of — a. loduretum,
Arsenic, Iodide of — a. Teriodidum, Arsenic, Io-
dide of.
ARSENICISM'US, Intoxica'tio Arsenica'lis.
Poisoning by arsenic.
ARSENICUM, Arsenic.
Arsen'icum Album, White Ar'senic, Oxide
of Ar'senic, Ratsbane, Arsen'ici ojr'ydum al-
bum. Calx Arsen'ici alba, Ac"idum Arsenico'snm
seu Arsenio'sum (Ph. IT. S.), Arsenious acid. White
oxide of arsenic, (F.) Arsenic blanc. An acid
which is met with in commerce, in compact, white,
heavy, fragile masses; of a vitreous aspect, opake,
and covered with a white dust ; of an acrid and
nauseous taste; without smell when cold; vola-
tilizable by heat, and exhaling the odour of gar-
ARSENIS rOTAS3.E
93
A R THRU
He ; soluble in water, alcohol, and oil ; crystal-
lizable in regular octahedrons. It is this that is
meant by the name ar.senic, as commonly used.
Arsen'icum Album Sublima'tum, Sublimed
Oxide of Arsenic, is the one employed in medi-
cine. It is tonic and cscharotic, and is the most
virulent of mineral poisons. It is used in inter-
inittcnts, periodical headachs, neuroses, &c. Dose,
gr. one-tenth to one-eighth, in pill. See Poisons,
Table 'if.
AusKMCUM loDATUM, Arsenic, Iodide of — a.
Rubrum factitium, Realgar.
ARSENIS POTASS.E, Arscnite of protoxide
of potMssium — a. Potassse aquosus, Liquor arseni-
calis — a. Potassae liquidus. Liquor arsenicalis.
AR'SENITE, Ar'seuis. A salt, formed by a
combination of the arsenious acid with a salifi-
able base.
Ah'senite op Protox'ide op Potas'sium, Pro-
to-ar'senite of Potas'sium, Ar'seiiite of Potassa,
Ar'senis Potussce. An uncrystallizable and co-
lourless salt, which forms the basis of the liquor
nraeni':aliK, which see.
Arsexite oe QuiNrA, Quiniae arsenis.
ARSE-SMART, BITING, Polygonum hydro-
piper.
ART, HEALING, Ars Snnan'di, Medici'na.
The appropriate application of the precepts of
the best physician.s, and of the results of experi-
ence to the treatment of disease.
AuT, Vkteiunary, Veterinary art.
AR'TABE, apTaPr). Name of a Persian mea-
sure for dry substances, in use with the ancients,
equal at times, to 5 raodii : at others, to 3; and
ut others, again, to 7. — Galen.
ARTANTHE ELONGATA, see Matico.
AR'TELSIIEIM, MINERAL WATERS OF.
These German waters have been much recom-
mended in hysteria, gout, palsy, <fec. Their
physical or chemical properties have not been
described.
ARTEMIS'IA, Anacti'rion. Ord. Compositse.
Called after a queen of the name, who first em-
plo.ved it; or from A/jte/jis, 'Diana;' because it
was formerly used in diseases of women, over
whom she presided. The Gauls called it Dricu-
mum.
Artemis'ia Abrot'anujf, Abrot'anum, Abrot'-
ortum, Abrot'anum Cathsum seu Mas, Ahrathan,
South'ernicood, Oldinan, Sloventoood, (F.) Ahro-
tone, Aurone, Aurone mule, Aiirone des jnrdins,
Garderohe, Citronelle. Supposed to be possessed
of stimulant properties.
Oil of Southernwood, O'leum Abrot'ani, (F.)
nuile d' Aurone, possesses the aromatic proper-
ties of the plant.
Artemis'ia Absin'thium, Absin'thixim, A. vid-
ga're, Apsin'thium, Barypi'cron, Common Worm-
wood, Worm it, (F.) Absinthe. Properties: — tonic
and anthelmintic. The Oil<f Wormwood, O'leum
Absin'lhii, (F.) JIullc d'Absinthe, Contains the
aromatic virtues of the plant.
Artemisia Afra, a South African species, is
tonic, antispsisinodic and anthelmintic; and has
been used in debility of the stomach, visceral ob-
structions, jiiundice and hypochondriasis. It is
taken in infusion, decoction and tincture. A
strong infusion is used by the Cape Colonists as
a collyrium in weakness of the eyes; and the
pounded leaves and stalks are employed as dis-
cutients in oedema and sugillations.
Artemisia Alda, A. Santonica — a. Balsamita,
A. Pontica.
Artemisia Bien'nis, 2?iV»»i"a? Wormwood ,• in-
digenous.
Arte.misia Botrys, Chenopodium ambrosi-
oides.
Artemis'ia Campes'tris, Field Southcruu-ood,
(F.) Aurone dea Champs. This possesses the
same properties as A. Abrot'anum.
Artemisia Canadensis, Canada AVormwood —
a. Caudata: indigenous.
Artemisia Chenopodium, Chenopodium bo-
trya.
Artemisia Chinen'sis, A. In'dica, A. Moxa.
From this the Chinese form their moxas.
Artemisia Contra grows in Persia, Asia
Minor, and other parts of the East.
Artemisia Dracun'culus, Tar'agon, (F.) Ar-
moise estragon, Estragon. Virtues: — the same
as the last. The leaves are much used to season
food, especially in the form of Es'tragon vin'egar.
Artemis'ia Glacia'lis, Sillcy Wormwood ;
Artemisia Indica, Artemisia Chinensis, A,
Santonica;
Artemisia Juda'ica, grows in Palestine, Ara-
bia, China, Cochin China, and Northern Africa.
Artemisia Leptophylla, A. Pontica;
Artemisia Marit'ima, Absin'thium Jfari'mim
seu Marit'imum, Sea Wormwood, llaritime South-
ernwood ;
Artemisia Moxa, A. Chinensis;
and
Artemis'ia Pon'tioa, A. Poma'na seu Teniii-
fo'lia seu Balsami'ta seu Leptophyl'la, Absinthi-
am Pon'ticum seu Jioma'num, Jioman Wormwood,
Lesser Wormioood, possess like virtues ; — as well
as
Artemisia Romana, A. Pontica;
Artemisia Rubra, A. Santonica; and
Artemis'ia Rupes'tuis, Creeping Wormwood,
Gen'ipi album, (F.) Armoise blanc, Genipi blanc.
This variety has aromatic virtues, and is used in
intermittents, and in ainenorrhoea.
Artemis'ia Santon'ica, Santon'icum, Canni
Herbn, ChumcRcedris, Chamaei/paris'sus, Absin'-
thium Santon'icum, Sementi'na, Xantoli' na, Sche-
ba Ar'abiim, Sina seu Cina Levan'tica, Tarta' rian
South' ernwood, (F.) Biirhotine. From this and
other species of absinthium is obtained the so-
called Semen contra vermes seu Contra seu Zedo-
a'ricB seu Santon'ici seu Cinee, Hofiiospenn'um,
Sanctum Semen, Wormseed, which do not consist
of seeds, but of broken peduncles. Virtues: —
anthelmintic and stimulant. Dose, gr. x. to ^j
in powder. Its active principle is San'tonin, the
dose of which is from 2 to 5 grains in the day,
for a child six or eight years of age.
Artemisia Tenuifolia, A. Pontica.
Artemis'ia Vulga'ris, Artemis'ia rubra et
alba, Cin'giilum Suneti Joan'nis, Mater Herha'-
rnm, Bcreniseeum, Bubastecor'dium, Canapa'cia,
Mugwort, (F.) Armoise ordiimire, A. Commune,
Herbe de Saint Jean, Ceinture on Couronne de
Saint Jean. This, as well as some other varie-
ties, possesses the general tonic virtues of the
Artemisiic. Artemisia vulgaris has been highly
extolled by the Germans in cases of epilepsy.
Dose of the powder, in the 21 hours, from ^fss to
ARTERE, Artery— CT. Brachiale, Brachial ar-
tery — a. Brachio-cephalique, Innominata arteria
— a. Branch ique. Bronchial artery — a. Ciliaire,
Ciliary artery — a. Ciitorienne : see Clitoris — a.
Ccecale : see Colic arteries — a. Collaterale d)i
coude, Anastomoticus magnus ramus — a. (\>llate-
rale externe, Arteria profunda humeri — a. Colla-
terale interne, Anastomoticus magnus ramus — a.
Corona ire des levres. Labial artery — a. Corona ire
I Slomachique, Coronary artery — a. Crnrale, Crural
artery — a. Deuxieme des thoraciques, Arteria tho-
racica externa inferior — a. Epincuse, Meningeal
arterj', middle — ff./V'»ioro-^:)o^)^(7ce,Ischia tic artery
— a. Fessiere, Gluteal artery — a. Gastriqiie droile,
petite. Pyloric arterj' — a. Gutt)iro-m(ixill,-fire,
Maxillary artery, internal — a. Honteusc externe,
Pudic, external, artery — a. Ilonteuse interne, Pu-
ARTERIA
94
ARTERITIS
die, internal, artery — a. Ilnnierale pro/onde, Ar-
teria profunda humeri — a. Iliaque primitive, Iliac
artery — a. Inuominee, Innouiinata arteria — a.
Jrienne, Ciliary artery — a. hchio-penicnne : see
Pudic, internal, artery — a. Mediane atiterieure,
Spinal artery, anterior — a. Midiaiie ponterieure
du rachis, Spinal artery, posterior — a. Meninyie
moyenne, Meningeal artery, middle — a. 3lening-
iennepuvterienre, Prevertebral artery — a.Menton-
nih-e, Mental foramen — a. MesocephnUcpte, Basi-
lary artery — a. J/eeocoliqiie : see Colic artery —
a. MiiHculaire du bras, Arteria profunda humeri
— a. Mimculitire du bras, grande : see Collateral
arteries of the arm — a. Muscidaire grande de la
cuiisse, Arteria profunda femoris — a. Opiithogas-
trique, Coeliac artery — a. Orbitaire, Ophthalmic
artery — a. de fOvaire, Spermatic artery — ft.
Pelvi-crurale, Crural artery — a. Pelvi-crurale,
Iliac artery — a. Pelvienne, Hypogastric artery —
a. Premiere des thoraciques, Arteria thoracica
externa superior — a. Prevertebrale, Preverte-
bral artery — a. Jiadio-carpieniie transversale
pulmciire, Radio-carpal artery — a. Scrotale, Pu-
dic, external, artery — a. Soits-claviere, Subcla-
vian artery^ — a. Sou>i-pi(bio-fcmorale, Obturator
artery — a. Sow-jmbienne, Pudic, internal, artery
— a. Soiis-sternal, Mammary, internal— ^a. Sph6-
no-epineuse, Meningeal artery, middle — a. Stomo-
gastriqite, Coronary artery — a. Sus-carpienne :
Bee Sns-carp)ien — a. Siis-mn.rillaire, Alveolar
ajtery — a. Sus-maxillaire, Buccal artery — n.
Siis-metatarsienne, Metatarsal artery — a. Sus-
pubieiine, Epigastric artery — a. Testicidaire,
Spermatic artery — n Thoraeiqiie liumerale. Acro-
mial artery — a. I'rachelocervical : see Cerebral
arteries — a. Trochauterienne, Circumflex artery
of the thigh — a. Troiaieme de/t thoraciques, Acro-
mial artery — a. Tympaniqne, Auditory artery,
external — a. Uveale : see Ciliary artery — o. Vul-
va ire, Pudie, external, artery.
ARTERIA, Artery — a. Ad Outem Abdominis,
see Ad Cutem abdominis, (arteria) — a. Anonyma,
Innominata artery — a. Aspera, Trachea — a. Ce-
rebralis. Carotid, internal — a. Ccrvicalis, Basilary
artery — a. Coronaria dextra. Pyloric artery — a.
Crassa, Aorta — a. Cruralis, Crural artery — a.
Externa Cubiti, Radial artery — a. Dorsalis meta-
carpi. Metacarpal artery — a. Durae matris media
maxima. Meningeal artery, miildle — a. Encepha-
lica. Carotid, internal — a. Gastrica superior.
Coronary artery — a. Ileo-colica : see Colic arteries
— a. Iliaca interna. Hypogastric artery — a. Iliaea
posterior, Hypogastric artery — a. Magna, Aorta
— a. Magna pollieis, Princeps pollicis — a. Malleo-
laris externa: see Tibial arteries — a. Malleolaris
interna: see Tibial arteries — a. Mammaria ex-
ternii, A. Thoracica externa inferior — a. Maxima,
Aorta — a. Media anastotnotiea : see Colic arteries
— a. Meningsoa media. Meningeal artery, middle
— a. Muscularis femoris, A. Profunda femoris —
a. Pharyngea suprema, Pterygoid artery — a. Pro-
funda cerebri : see Cerebral arteries — a. Pudenda
communis, Pudic, internal, arter}' — a. Pudica,
Pudic, internal, artery — a. Ramulus ductds
Pterygoidei, Pterygoid artery — a. Sphcno-spi-
nosa. Meningeal artery, middle — a. Spinales, Spi-
nal arteries — a. Spinalis, A. Profunda humeri —
a. Sternalis, Mammary, internal — a. Supra-orbi-
talis, Frontal artery — a. Sylviana: see Cerebral
arteries — a. Thoracica axillaris vel alaris. Scapu-
lar artery, inferior — a. Thoracica huraeralis.
Acromial artery — a. Transversulis colli: see
Cerebral arteries — a. Transversajis humeri, Sca-
pular artery, superior — a. Ulnaris, Cubital artery
— a. Uterina hypogastrica, Uterine artery — a.
Vasta posterior, A. Profunda femoris.
ARTE'RIAC, Arteri'uena. A medicine pre-
scribed in diseases of the windpipe. Also arte-
rial.
ARTE'RIiE ADIPO'S^. The arteries which
secrete the fat about the kidneys ore sometimes
so called. They are ramifications of the capsular,
diaphragmatic, renal, and spermatic arteries.
AuTKiUvE ApopluctiC'E, Carotids — a. Capitales,
Carotids — a. Ciliares, Ciliary arteries — a. Corporis
eallosi cerebri, Mesolobar arteries — a. Jugularos,
Carotids — a. Lethargicco, Carotids — a. Mesolobi-
cae, Mesolobar arteries — a. Prajparantes, Sper-
matic arteries — a. Somniferas, Carotids — a. Sopo-
rales, Carotids — a. Soporariffi, Carotids — a. Ve-
nosK, Pulmonary veins.
ARTE'RIAL, Arteri'acus, Arterio'aua. Be-
longing to arteries.
AuTKiiiAL Blood, (F.) Sang artericl. Red
blood is so called because contained in the arte-
ries. The pulmonary veins, however, also con-
tain red blood: hence the name arterial veins,
(F.) Veines arterielles, applied to them.
Arterial Constitution, Plethora arteriosa.
Akte'kial Duct, Cana'lis arteriu'sus, Ductus
arterio'sus seu Botal'lii, (F.) Canal artiriel, G.
Pnlmo-aortique, is the portion of the pulmonary
artery which terminates in the aorta in the foetus.
When this duct is obliterated after birth, it is
called Artc'rial Lig'ament, Ligamen'tum arterio'-
sum, (F.) Ligament arteriel.
Autbrial System includes all the arteries,
from their origin in the heart to their termina-
tion in the organs. See Vascular System.
ARTERIALIZATION OF THE BLOOD,
Hsematosis.
ARTERIARCTIE, from aprnpia, 'artery,' and
arcto, '1 straiten.' Contraction of an artery.
ARTERIECTASIS, Aneurism.
ARTERIECTOP'IA, from af>rr,pia, 'artery,'
and tKTonoi, ' out of place.' Dislocation of an
artery.
ARTERIEURYSMA, Aneurism.
ARTERIITIS, Arteritis.
ARTEIIIODIALYSIS, see Aneurism.
ARTERIOG'RAPHY, Arteriugra'jihin : from
aprrjpia, 'artery,' and ypa6>], 'a description.' A
description of the arteries.
ARTERIOLA. A small artery.
ARTERIOL'OGY, Arrer)"o/<;r/"(a/ from apm-
pia, 'artery,' and \oyos, 'a discourse.' A treatise
on the arteries.
ARTERIO-PHLEEOTOMY, see Bloodletting.
ARTE'RIO-PITU'ITOUS. An epithet ap-
plied to vessels which creep along the interior of
the nostrils. — Ruysch.
ARTERIORRHEXIS, see Aneurism.
ARTERIOS'ITAS, Artcrios'itt/, from arteria,
'an artery.' A condition of the blood in which
it preserves in the veins the arterial character. —
The opposite to Venositas.
Arteriositas Sanguinis, Prasdominium san-
guinis arteriosi.
ARTSJUOSTEIE, from apr^pta, 'artery,' and
oareov, 'a bone.' Ossification of an artery. —
Piorry.
ARTERIOSTENO'SIS, from aprppia, 'artery,'
and (XTcvog, 'contracted.' Contraction or oblite-
ration of an artery.
ARTElllOT 0kY,Arteriotom'ia. from apTripia,
'an artery,' and Tcpum, 'I cut.' This word has
been used for the dissection of arteries. Mosi
commonly, however, it means a surgical opera-
tion, which consists in opening an artery, to
draw blood from it. Arteriotomy is chielly used
in inflammatory affections of the head, when the
blood is generally obtained from the temporal
arterj'. See Bloodletting.
ARTERI'TIS, Arterii'lls, Tnflamma'tio Arte-
ria' rum, (F.) Arterite, Inflammation dca arteres ;
from apTrjpta, 'an artery,' and itis, a termination
denoting inflammation. Inflammation of an ar-
ARTERY
tery. Inflammation of the inner coat of an
artery is termed Endo-arteri'tis, or Endonar-
ten'tin; of tho outer, Exo-arteri'tis or Exar-
teri'lis.
AR'TERY, Arie'n'a, (F.) Artere, from avp,
air,' and Trjpeiv, 'to preserve,' quasi, 'receptacle
of iiir,' because the ancients believed that it con-
tained air. Tliey, at first, gave the name Artery
to tlie trachea, apT,,pt,i rpaxcia, because it is filled
with air; and afterwards they used the same
term for the arteries, properly so called, probably
because tliey commonly found them empty in the
dead body. We find, also, ^Ac/icf to designate
tho arteries, called by the Latins Veiia mican'tes
p\Uaitt' lies. Arteries, with the moderns, signify
the order of vessels, which arise from the two
ventricles of the heart, and have valves only at
their origin. They are cylindrical, firm, and
elastic canals; of a yellowish white colour; little
dilatable; easily lacerable ; and formed, 1. Of an
external, laminated, or areolar membrane, Tn'-
niun externa seu advent it" ia seu cellnla'ris, Va-
f/iiin cellulu'rin, of a dense and close character.
2. Of a middle coat, Tu'nica me'dia seu elas'-
tica, composed of fibres, which do not, however,
contract on the ai)plication of the galvanic stimu-
lus, formed chiefly of elastic tissue, and also of
smooth muscular fibres, and eminently elastic;
and, 3. Of an inner coat, Tu'niea in'tima seu
fjlabra, which is thin, diaphanous, reddish, and
polished.
The use of the arteries is to carry the blood
from the heart to the various parts of the system.
It will bo obvious, however, that they cannot all
convey arterial blood. The pulmonary artery,
for example,' is destined to convey the venous
blood to the lungs, there to be converted into
arterial ; whilst the pulmonary veins convey
arterial blood back to the heart.
TABLE OF THE PRINCIPAL ARTERIES OF THE BODY.
All the arteries take their rise from the Pul-
monary Artery, or the Aorta; and the names
generally indicate the parts to which they are
distributed.
I. Arteria Pulmonalis.
The Pulmonary Artery arises from the right
ventricle, and soon divides into a right and left
branch, one of which is distributed to each lung.
II. Arteria Aorta.
The Aorta arises from the left ventricle. It is
the common trunk of the arteries of the body,
and may be divided into five portions.
a. Arteries furnished hy the Aorta at its origin.
1. A. Cardiaca or coronaria anterior.
2. A. Cardiaca or coronaria posterior.
b. Arteries furnished hy the Aorta at its arch.
The arch of the Aorta gives off, to the left, two
considerable trunks — the Arteria carotidea pri-
mitira, and A. snhchivia ; and, to the right, a
sinirle trunk, which is larger — the A. innominata,
or lirnchio-cephalica, which divides into the ^K-
mitive carotid and subclavian.
A. AnTr.Riv C.VRO-f Divides into A. Carotidea externa,
TiuEv I'lUMiTiVA.l and A. Carotidea interna.
f b'urnishes, 1. A. Thyroidca superior.
2. A. Iiii[/'i<ilis, ■nhii'h gives off tho A. dor-
satis linsuo! and A. sublingualis.
3. A. facialis vel A. Jlaxillari.t externa,
which furnishes the A. palutina infe-
rior, the .\. submentalis, and A. coro-
narin superior and inferior.
4. A. occipitalis, which gives off the A.
mnstdidea posterior.
5. A. aurirularis posterior, which gives off
A. stylo-mastoidea.
i 6. -1. pliaryngca inferior. j
95
ARTERY
a. A. Ca-
ri)tidea
externiu
The external carotid ultiniatelv divides into the tem-
poral artery and internal maxillary.
Furnishes A. trann-ersalis faciei, A. auricu-
lar is anterior, and A. temjioralis media.
Tempo-
ralis.
2. A
Muxillor
ris in-
terna.
b. A. Ca-
rotidea
interna.
U. Ar-
teria
SuacLA.-
VIA.
A. Axil-
laris.
A. Bra-
cliialis.
l.A.Ra-
dialis.
2. A. Cu-
bitalis.
Furnishes 13 branches, viz. — A. meningea
media, A. dentaris inferior, A. temporalis
profunda posterior, A. masseterina, A.
pterijij(/idea, A. buccalis, A. lempwalis pro-
funda anterior, A. alveolaris, A. suborli-
taris, A. vidiana, A. pteryrjopalatina or
pMryngea superior, A. palalina superior,
and A. splienojMlatina.
Furnishes, 1. A. (pidladmica, which gives
off A. lacrymalis, A. centralis retina;, A.
supraorbitaria vel supcrciliaris, A. ciliarcs
posteriorcs. A. ciliares longaj, A. nuisi-u-
laris superior et inferior, A. ethmoidalis
po.sterior et anterior, A. palpebralis supe-
rior et inferior, A. nasalis, and A. fronta-
lis. 2 A. communicans WHIksH. 3. A.
choroidea. 4. A. cerebralis anterior. 5. A.
cerebralis media.
Furnishes, 1. A. vertebralis, which gives off
A. spinalis anterior et posterior, A. cere-
bellosa inferior, and forms — by uniting it-
self with that of the opposite side — the A.
basilaris, divided into A. cerebellosa su-
perior and A. cerebralis posterior. 2. A
t/it/roidca inferior, which gives off A. cer-
vicalis ascendens. 3. A. mammaria in-
terna, which gives off the A. mcdiastina
anterior and A. diaphragmatica superior.
4. A. intercostalis sujierior. 5. A. cervica.
lis transversa. 6. A. scapularis superii/r.
7. A. cervicalis posterior vel jirofunda.
Farther on, the subclavian artery contl-
tinues its progress under the name A. axil-
laris.
Furnishes, 1. A. acromialis. 2. A. thoracica
superior. 3. A. l/ioracica inferior vel lonya
vel mammaria externa. 4. A. scapularis
inferior vel communis. 5. A. circumfl(xa
posterior. 6. A. circumflexa anterior. Far-
ther on, the axillary artery continues un-
der the name A. brachiaUs.
Furnishes A. humeralis j^rnfunda vel collate-
ralis (f^terna. 2. A. collaleralis interna.
It afterwards divides into the radial and
cubital arteries.
[Gives off A. recurrens radialis, A. dorsalis
carpi, A. dm-salis meiacarpi, A. dorsalis
pollicis, and terminates in forming the
Arcus palmaris jirofundus.
Gives off A. 7-ecurrens cuhitalis anterior and
posterior: A. inlerossea anterior and pos-
terior, which latter furnishes A. recurrens
radialis posterior. It terminates in form-
ing the superficial palmar arcli, which
gives off A. coUaterales digitorum.
C. Arteries ejiven off hy the Aorta in the Thorax.
Tliese
arteries
are,
1. A. Sronchica. dextra et sinistra.
2. A. a-sopltagwa (to the number of four,
five, or six).
3. A. mediastincE posieriores.
4. A. intereostales inferiores vel aorticK
(to the numlxjr of eight, nine, or ten).
d. Arteries furnished hy the Aorta in the Abdomen.
if S ■ !• Tbe A. diaphragmatica vel phrenica,
Orancnes<, ^j^^^^^ ^^ sinistra.
2. A
Coiliaca.
3. A
itesen-
terica
superior.
4. A
Jfesen-
terica
inferior.
Which divides into three branches, 1. A. co-
ronaria ventriculi. 2. A. Hepatica. which
gives off A. pylorica, A. gastro-epiploica
dextra, and A. cystica; and, lastly, the A.
splenica, which gives off A. gastro-epiplo-
ica sinistra and Vasa brevia.
Which gives off at its concavity the A. cn-
lica dextra supcrim; media el inferitrr, and
at its convex part from 15 to 20 Kami iu-
testinales.
Which gives off A. colica snipei-ior media,
and inferior, and divides into A. hiemor-
rhoidales superiores.
5. The A. Ciipsulares medics (to the number of two ou
each side).
6. A. L'ennles vel Emulgentcs.
1. A. Spermatico'.
8. A. Lumlxires (to the number of four and five on
each side).
ARTETISCUS
9G
ARTIIROLOGY
ft. A. II-
iaca in--;
terna.
b. A. II-
iaca ex-
terna.
A. Ou-
ralis.
A. Pop-
litsea.
0. Arteries resulting from the Bifurcation of the
Aorta.
The Aorta, a little above its Bifurcation, si^es off
the A. sacra media, and divides into A. iliacce primi-
tivce.
A. llmra ( pj^j^j^j, j^j^ ^_ ^j-^^^ interna and A. lliaca
r Furnishes, 1. A.ilio-lumharis. 2. A. sacra
lateralis. 3. A glutea vel iliaca posterior.
4. A. umbilicalis. 5. A. ve^calis. 6. A.
oUwatoria. 7. A. hmmnrrhoidea media.
8. A. uterina. 9. A. vaginalis. 10. A.
ischiatica. 11. ^. pwlenda interna, which
gives off the A. hemorrhoidales inferiores.
A. of the, septum, A. transversa perinei,
A. corporis cavernosi, and A. dnrsalis penis.
' Furnishes, 1. A. epigastrica, 2. A. iliaca an-
terior vel drcumjlexa ilii, and is continued
afterwards under the name of Crural Ar-
tery.
'Furnishes, 1.^. suhcidanea ahdominalis. 2.
A. pwlenda superjiciulis undprofunda. 3.
A. muscularis sufxrjicialis. 4. A. muscu-
laris profunda, which gives off the A. cir-
oumflexa externa and interna, and the
three I'erforantes, distinE;uishod into su-
perior, middle, and inferior. Farther on,
the crural artery continues under the name
A. Pnplitma.
'Furnishes, 1. A. Articulares superiores, in-
terna, media, et exrterna. 2. A. Gamellce.
3. A. Articulares inferiores, interna et ex-
terna. 4. A tibialis antica, which, at the
foot, taljes the name A. dorsalis tarsi, and
gives off the tarsal and metatarsal arte-
ries. In the leg, the popliteal artery di-
viiles into the peroneal and posterior
tibial.
1. A. Fe- C Divides into A. peronwa antica a.n(i A. pero?ia!a
rona;a. } poxtica.
f Divides into A. plantaris interna and A.
I plantaris externa. The latter, by anasto-
2. A. Ti- I mosing with the A. dnrsalis tarsi, forms
bialis J. the plantar arch, whence arise Hami su-
postica periores Tel perforante.s postici, R. Tnferi-
I ores postici et a)itici, which give off liami
L perforantes antici.
Artery, Angular, Facial artery — a. Articu-
lar, Circumflex artery — a. Brachiocephalic, Inno-
ininata arteria — a. Central of the retina, Central
artery of the retina — a. Central of Zinn, Central
artery of the retina — a. Cephalic, Carotid — a.
Cerebral posterior, Vertebral — a. Cervico-scapu-
lar, see Cervical arteries — a. Coronary of the lips.
Labial artery — a. Crotaphite, Temporal artery —
a. Fibular, Peroneal artery — a. Gastric inferior,
Gastro-epiploic artery — a. Gastro-hepa-tic, see
Gastro-epiploic iirtery — a. Genital, Pudic (inter-
nal) artery — a. Guttural inferior, Th3'roideal A.
inferior — a. Guttural superior, Thyroideal A. su-
perior — a. Humeral, Brachial artery — a. Iliac
posterior. Gluteal artery — a. Iliaco-muscular,
Ileo-lumbar artery — a. Labial, Facial artery — a.
Laryngeal superior, Thyroideal artery, superior
— a. Maxillary internal. Facial artery — a. Median
of the sacrum, Sacral artery, anterior — a. Nasal,
lateral, large, Spheno-palatine artery — a. Palato-
labial, Facial artery — a. Pericophalic, Carotid
(external) — a. Pharyngeal, superior, Pterygo-
palatine artery — a. Phrenic, Diaphragmatic ar-
tery — a. Posterior, of the brain, sge Cerebral ar-
teries — a. External scapular, Acromial artery —
a. Spinal, Meningeal artery, middle — a. Subcla-
vian right, Innorainata arteria — a. Subscapular,
Scapular artery, inferior — a. Superficial of the
abdomen. Ad cutem abdominis (arteria) — a. Su-
pramaxillary. Alveolar artery — a. Suprarenal,
Capsular artery — a. Thoracic, internal, Mammary
internal — a. Urethro-bulbar, Transverse perineal
artery — a. Vesico-prostatie, Vesical artery — a.
Vidian. Ptervgoid artery.
ARTETIS'CUS, from arf!(8, 'a limb.' One who
has lost a limb.
ARTEURYSMA. Aneurism.
ARTHANI'TA, from aproj, 'bread;' the Cyc'-
Inmcn or Sowbread. It was formerly made into
ointment, Unguen'tnm Arthani'ta., with many
other substances, and was employed as a purga-
tive, being rubbed on the abdomen.
Arthanita Cyclamen, Cyclamen.
ARTHETICA, Tcucrium chamaepitys.
ARTHRAGRA, Gout— a. Anomala, Gout, an-
omalous — a. Genuina, Gout, regular — a. Legiti-
ma, Gout, regular— a. Normalis, Gout, regular —
a. Vera, Gout, regular.
ARTHRALGIA, Arthrodynia, Gout. See Lead
rheumatism.
ARTHRELCO'SIS, from ap^pov, 'a joint,' and
'tXA-uKTtj, 'ulceration.' Ulceration of a joint.
ARTHREMBOLE'SIS, same etymon as the
next. The reduction of a fracture or luxation.
ARTHREM'BOLUS, from ap^pov, 'a joint,"
£v, 'in,' and /3aXXu, 'I cast.' An ancient instru-
ment used in the reduction of dislocations.
ARTIIRETICA, Teucrium chamaspitys.
AKT\i'RlTlC,Arthrit'icus, Gouty, irom ap^pov,
'ajoint.' (F.) Arthritique, Gontteux. That which
relates to gout or arthritis, as arthritic symptoms,
&c. See Podagric.
ARTHRITICUS VERUS, Gout.
ARTHRITIF'UGUM, from arthritis, 'gout,'
and fugare, 'to drive away.' A remedy that
drives away gout. Heyden terms cold water,
internally, the arthritif'ugnm magnum.
ARTHRITIS, Gout, Arthrophlogosis, Arthro-
sia — a. Aberrans, Gout (wandering) — a. Acuta,
Gout (regular) — a. Arthrodynia, Rheumatism,
chronic — a. Asthenica, Gout (atonic) — a. Atonic,
Gout (atonic) — a. Diaphragmatica, Angina Pec-
toris — a. Erratica, Gout (wandering) — a. Hydrar-
thros, Ilydrarthrus — a. Inflammatoria, Gout (re-
gular) — a. Juvenilis, see Rheumatism, acute — a.
Maxillaris, Siagonagra — a. Nodosa, Gout (with
nodosities) — a. Planetica, Gout (wandering) — a.
Podagra, Gout — a. Rheumatica, see Rheumatism,
acute — a. Rheuraatismus, Rheumatism, acute —
a. Retrograda, Gout (retrograde).
ARTHROC'ACE, from ap^pov, 'a joint,' and
KaKOi, 'bad.' Disease of the joints; and espe-
cially caries of the articular surfaces. Spina
ventosa.
Arthrocace Coxarum, Coxarum morbus.
ARTHROCACOLOG"IA, from arthrocaeia—
according to Rust, a chronic disease of the joints;
and Xoyos, 'a description.' A treatise on chronic
diseases of the joints.
ARTHROCARCINO'MA, from apSpov, 'a
'joint,' and KapKtvtaita, 'cancer.' Cancer of the
joints.
ARTHROCnONDRI'TISjfroraapSpol/, 'a
joint,' ;;^oi'i5pof, 'a cartilage,' and itis, denoting
inflammation. Inflammation of the cartilages
and joints.
ARTHRO'DIA, from ap&pov, 'a joint.' Adar-
ticula'tio, (F.) Etifonrure, Enfoncenrc. A move-
able joint, formed by the head of a lionc applied
to the surface of a shallow socket, so that it can
execute movements in every direction. Arthro'-
dium is ' a small joint;' diminutive of Arthrodia.
ARTHRODYN'IA, Arthronal'gia, Arthral'gia,
from ap^pov, 'a joint,' and oivvrj, 'pain.' Articu-
lar pain. Pain in the joints. See Rheumatism,
chronic.
ARTHRonYNiA Podagrica, Gout.
ARTHROG'RAPHY, Arthrograph'ia, from
ap^pov, 'a joint,' and ypatpw, 'I write.' A de-
scription of the ioints.
ARTHROGRYPO'SIS, from ap^pov, 'a joint,'
and ypuOTo), 'I ineurvate.' Malposition of the
joints, especially of the hands and feet.
ARTHROHYDRINE, Synovia.
ARTHROL'OGY, Arihrolog"ia, from ap5pov,
'a joint,' and 'Xoyog, 'a description.' A descrip-
tion of the joints. The anatomy of the joints.
ARTHROMBOLE
9'
ARTIFICIAL
ATITIIR0MT50LE, from ap^poi;, and 0an<D,
'I cast.' Coaiitation, reduction. Reduction of
a luxated or fractured V)i)ne.
AliTllliOMKNlXGITIS. Meningarthrocaee.
Al'iTIIllON, 'ajoint.' The ancients used the
word Art/iroii for the articulation of bones with
motion, in oj^ixhsition to Sijmphijiils, or articula-
tion wirliout motion.
ART!! ROXAL(iIA, Arthrodynia.
ARTURON'CUS, Arthro])}n/'nia, from ap^pov,
*a joint,' and oyKos, 'a swelling.' Tumefaction
of a iniiit.
ARTHRONEMPYESIS, Arthropyosis.
A RTllR01"ATHY,A(?/iro;)f(</((''«, from ap^pov,
*a joint,' and naS-os, 'afi'ection.' A disease of the
joints.
ARTIIROPIILOGO'SIS, from ap^pov, 'ajoint,'
and <i.\cyoi, ' I burn :' Arthri'tie, Ost-arthro'sia.
Inflaiiiination of the joints.
ARTHKOniLOGbSIS SYNOVIALIS, Syno-
vitis.
ARTIIROPHYMA ADENOCIIONDRIUM,
see Adcndchondrius.
ARTlIKOPYO'SrS, ArtJtronempT/e'sis, from
ap^pov, 'a joint,' and itvov, 'pus.' Suppuration
or ahscoss of tlic joints.
ARTIIRO-RIIEUMATISMUS, Rheumatism
(acute).
ARTIIRO'SIA, from ap^ijou,, 'I articulate.'
ArtliritiH, (of some). Inflammation, mostly con-
fined to the joints; sevcrel.y painful ; occasionally
extending to the i^urrounding nniscles. A genus
of diseases in the Nosology of Good, including
Jiheuiiiatiam, Goitt, Articular injlammution, Joint-
ache, &c.
AitTHnosiA Acuta, Rheumatism, acute — a.
Chronica, Rheumatism, chronic — a. Lumborum,
Lumbago — a. Podagra, Gout — a. Podagra com-
plicata, Gout (retrograde) — a. Podagra larvata,
Gout (atonic) — a. Podagra regularis, Gout (re-
gular).
AKTIIROSTR, Articulation.
ARTIIROSPON'GUS, from ap^pov, 'a joint,'
and oToyyof, 'a sponge.' A white, fungous tu-
mour of the joints.
ARTIIUOTRAU'JrA, from ap&pov, 'a joint,'
and Tftiiv/jii, 'a wound.' A wound of a joint.
AR'TIA. According to some, this word is sy-
nonymous with aprnpia; Others use it synony-
mously with Trrirlien.
AllTK'llAUT, Cynara scolymus.
ARTirilOKE, Cynara scolymus.
AIITICI.E, Articulation — a. of Death, see
Psychorngos.
ARTICOCALUS, Cynara scolymus.
ARTICULAR, Articiila'ris, (F.) Articvlnire,
from nrfii.1, 'a joint;' articultis, 'a small joint.'
That which relates to the articulations — as the
arliciiliir ciipaii/eH, &c.
AuTiciiLAit Arteries of the Arm, Circumflex
arteries of the arm.
Ainic'ui.AR Au'teries op the Knee arise
from the popliteal artery, and surround the tibio-
femoral articulation. Although of a small size,
they are important, as they furnish blood to the
lower extremity after the operation for popliteal
aneurism. They are distinguished into superior
and inferior. The superior artioilnr arteries,
])op?ii)(il nrticiilfir arterio, are commonly three
in number; one of which is iiitertial, another ex-
ternal, and another middle, the az'yrfoua artic'-
idiir. Th-e first, Jiamits niiastomot'icns mngitus,
anastomoses by one branch with the external cir-
cumflex, and by another with the external su])e-
rior articular. The second anastomoses with the
external circumflex, the superior internal arti-
cular, and the inferior external articular; and
the third is distributed within the joint. The in-
ferior articular arteries are two in number : an
7
internal and external. The former anastomoses
with the internal superior articular and the ex-
ternal inferior articular. The latter anastomoses
with the recurrent branch of the anterior tibial,
and the external superior articular. To each
articular artery there is an articular nerve.
AnTic'ui-AR Facettes' are the contiguous
surfaces, by means of which the bones are arti-
culated.
Articular Processes, see Vertebrae.
Artic'ui.ar Veins of the knee follow the
same course as the arteries.
ARTICULATED, Articula'tus, (F.) ArticnU,
same etymon as Articulation. Provided with, or
united by, articulations ; as an ' articulated skele-
ton.' See Skeleton, articulated; and Voice, ar-
ticulated.
ARTICULATIO, Articulation— a. Artifieialis,
Pseudarthrosis — a. Notha, Pseudarthrosis.
ARTICULA'TIOX, Joint, Articula'tlo, Ar-
thro'sis, AisartJno'ais, Artic'ulus, Junctu'ra, Cola,
(Jonjunc'lio, Nodus, Commissu' ra, Compa'tjes,
Sijntax'ia, JIar'mua, Vertic'ula, Vertic'uluH, Ver-
tic'ulnm, (F.) Articulation, Article. By some of
the French surgeons and anatomists, article is
restricted more particularly to a movable articu-
lation. Same etymon. The union of bones with
each other, as well as the kind of union.
table op articulations.
Articulations are generally divided into Dlar-
tJiroses or movable articulations, and Hi/nar-
throsea or immovable.
1. Amphiarthrosis.
2. Diurtlirosis, or bicu- /En arthrosis,
liir vague. ( Artlirodin.
3. Altfirn.itive or Gingljmus, which
admits of varieties.
1. '-utiire.
2. Harmony.
3. Gnmphosis.
[ 4. Scliindjicsis.
The articulations are subject to a number of
diseases, which are generally somewhat severe.
These may be physical, as wounds, sprains, luxa-
tions, (fee; or they may be organic, as ankylosis,
extraneous bodies, caries, rheumatism, gout, hy-
drarthroses, arthropyosis, Ac.
Articulation means also the combination of
letters which constitute words. See Voice.
Articulation, False, Pseiidarthro'sia, Artic'-
ulus fal-sHS, (F.) A. ffiusse, A. accidentelle, A.
contre nature, A. anorniale. A false joint, formed
between fragments of bone, that have remained
ununited ; or between a luxated bone and the
surrounding parts.
AR TICULA TION SURNUMERAIRE,
Pseudarthrosis — a. en Charniere, Ginglymus — a.
de la Haiiche. Coxo-femoral articulation.
ARTICULI DIGITORUM MANUS, Phalan-
ges of the fingers — a. Digitorum pedis. Phalanges
of the toes.
ARTICULO MORTIS, see Psychorages — a.
Spinalis, Semispinalis colli.
ARTICULUS NOVUS, Pseudarthrosis— a.
Pra'ternaturalis, Pseudarthrosis — a. Sfturius,
Pseudarthrosis.
ARTIFICIAL, Artifcia'lis, (F.) Arfifcicl,
from ars, artis, 'art,' and facere, 'to make.'
That which is formed by art.
Artificial Eyes are usually made of enamel,
and repres-ent a sort of hollow hemisphere, which
is applied beneath the eyelids, when the eye is
lost.
Artificial Teeth are made of ivory, porct-
lain, Ac.
Pieces d' Anatomic Artificielles, are prepara-
.tions of anatomy, modelled in wax, plaster, pa-
per, Ac.
Diarthroscs.
Synarthroses.
ARTISCOCCUS L.EVIS
98
ASARUM
AKTTSCOCCUS L^VIS, Cynara scolymus.
ARTIS'CUS, from a/iros, 'bread.' See Tro-
chiscus. A troch of the shape of a siiiall loaf.
Also, and especially, a troph made of vipers.
ARTOCARPUS. The Bread-fruit Tree, (F.)
Jiii/iiier, from apros, 'bread,' and Kapiros, 'fruit.'
A Polynesian tree, so called because the fruit,
which is milky, and juicy, supplies the place of
bread to the inhabitants. It grows to the height
of 40 feet.
AriTocARPUS In'tegripoi.ia, Caoutchouc.
ARTOC'REAS, from «pro{, ' bread,' and Kpeas,
'flesh.' A kind of nourishing food made of va-
rious aliments boiled together. — Galen.
ARTOCi'ALA, from aproi, 'bread,' and ya>.a,
'milk.' An alimentary preparation of bread and
milk. A poultice.
ARTOM'ELI. from aprog, 'bread,' and ficXi,
'honey.' A cataplasm of bread and honey. —
Galen.
ARTUS, Merabrum.
ARTVMA, Aroma, Condiment.
ARUM, A. maculatuui. and A- triphyllum — a.
Americanum betae foliis, Draeontium foetidum.
AUUM Dkacon'tium, Arintr/ma dracoii'tium,
Green Dragon; indigenous, has probably the
same medical properties as A. triphyllum.
Arum Dracun'culus, A. jiolyphyl'lnm, Drn-
cnn'culiis pdhjphijl'lun, Cohibri' na Dracon'tia,
Erva de Suncta Maria, Gig'arws serpenta'ria,
Serpeiitd'ria Gallo'rnm. Family, Aracea?. Sex.
Syxt. Monoecia Polyandria. The roots and leaves
are very acrimonious. The plant resembles the
A. maenla'tum in its properties.
Arum Escui.en'tum, Cula'dium cscnlcn'tnm.
Turo, Kalo. The foliage and roots possess acrid
qualities, which are dissipated by baking or boil-
ing; in which form it is used as food by the
people of Madeira, the Polynesians, <fec.
Arum JiACULA'TUkf, Avon, Arum (of the older
writers), A. vnhja're, CitrJcow Pint, (Prov.) Cocky-
hdhy, Barha Aitra'nis, Serpenta'ria minor, Zin'-
yiber German' iciiin, Saeerdo'tis pr.nin, WaJie
Itohin, Priest's pintle, (P.) Gouet, Pied de Venn,
Piedde liecre, Picotin, Giron, Amidonniere. The
fresh root is stimulant internally. Dose, Qj. of
the dried root. Externally, it is very acrid.
From the root of this Arum a starch is prepared,
which is called Portland Island Sago, Gersa ser-
penta'ria, Cerus'sa serpenta'rice, JPec'ula ari
wacnla'ti.
Arum, Three-Lraved, Arum triphyllum.
Arum Triphyl'lum, Arism'ma atromhens,
Three-leaved arum, (F.) Pied de Veau triphyUe,
Indian Turnip, I)rai/on Hoot, Drar/on Turnip,
Pepper Turnip. This plant grows all over the
United States, and is received into the Pharma-
copoeia under the title Arum. The recent root,
or Cormus — Arum, (Ph. U. S) — is very acrimo-
nious, and has been employed in asthma, croup,
and hooping-cough. Boiled in lard, it has been
used in tinea capitis, and in milk in consumption.
Arum Virginicum, Peltandra Virginica — a.
Vulgare, A. maculatum — a. Water, Calla palus-
tris.
ARUMARI, Caramata.
ARUXDO BAMBOS, Bamhoo — a. Brachii
innjor, Ulna — a. Brachii minor, Radius — a. Iii-
dica, Sagittarium alexipharmacum — n. JMajor,
Tibia — a. Minor, Fibula — a. Saccharifera, see
Saecharum.
AHVA. Ava.
ARVUM. Vulva — a. iSTaturae, Uterus.
ARY-ARYTENOID.EUS. Arytenoidtcus — a.
Epiglotticus, Arytaeno-epiglotticus.
ARYTyE'XA, ai.vmtva. 'a ladle.' Ilence,
ARYTiE'NO-EPIGLOT'TICUS, yl/-i//ffi'no-
epi(]tottid(B'us, Ary-epi<jlot'ticus. That which be-
longs to the arytenoid cartilages and epiglottis.
Winslow gives this name to small, fleshy fasci-
culi, which are attached, at one extremity, to the
arytenoid cartilages, and, by the other, to the free
edge of the epiglottis. These fibres do not aU
waTs exist. They form part of the arytenoid
muscle of moilcrn anatomists.
ARYT'EXUID, ArytanoVdes, Arytenoida'us,
from apvTaii/a, 'a, ladle,' and uios, ' shape.' Ladle-
shaped.
Arytenoid Car'tilages, Cartilar/"ines aryle-
nni'des seu gnttura'lcs seu (jutturi'na sen ijutturi-
for'mes seu triq' uetra, Guttnr'nia, are two carti-
lages of the larynx, situate posteriorly above the
cricoid, which, by approximation, diminish the
aperture of the glottis. Their upper extremities
or cornua are turned towards each other, and are
now and then found loose, in the form of appen-
dices, which are considered, by some, as distinct
cartilages, and termed cuneiform or tubercnluted
Cartilages, Comic' uln Laryn'gis.
Arytenoid Glands, Gland'ulcB Aryfenoidrn'm,
are small, glandular, whitish bodies, situate an-
terior to the A. cartilages. They pour out a mu-
cous fluid to lubricate the larynx.
AllYTENOIDiE'US, (F.) Arytenoidien. A
small muscle, which passes from one arytenoid
cartilage to the other, by its contraction brings
them together, and diminishes the aperture of
the glottis. Winslow divided the muscle into
three portions; — t\\Q Arytenoidoe'us transver'siis,
or Ary-arytenoidce'us, and two Arytenoidm'i ob-
li'qui.
ARYTIIM, Aryth'mia, from a, privative, and
pvOiioi, 'rhythm,' 'measure.' Irregularity. This
word is applied chiefly to the pulse.
ASA, Asafoetida. See Assa — a. Dulcis, Ben-
jamin.
ASA'E(ETl'T>A,.Assafce'tida (Ph. U. S.), Assa-
fet'ida, Stercus diab'oli, Cibus Deo'rum, Asa,
Devil's dung. Food of the Gods. A gum-resin —
the concrete juice of Ferula Assafa'tida, A'nr-
thex Assdfaitida. Order, Umbelliferae. It is in
small masses of a whitish, reddish, and violet
hue, adhering together. Taste bitter and suba-
crid : smell insupportably alliaceous. The Asi-
atics use it regularly as a condiment.
Its medical properties are antispasmodic, sti-
mulant, and anthelmintic. Dose, gr. v to xx, in
pill.
ASAGR^^.A OFFICINALIS, see Veratrina.
AS' A PES, Asip'ton, properly, not putrid, from
a, privative, and aanm, or (j^jto), 'I corrupt.' A
term applied by Hippocrates to the sputa, or to
other matters evacuated, which do not give signs
of coction.
ASAPH'ATUM, from a, privative, and tru^iif,
'clear.' This term has been applied to collec-
tions in the sebaceous follicles of the skin, which
may be pressed out like little worms, with a black
head. See Acne.
ASAPHI'A, from a, privative, and catpr]i,
'clear.' Dyspho'nin immodula'ta palati'na, J'a-
rapho'nia guttura'lis seu palati'na. Defective
articulation, dependent upon diseased palate.—
Hippocrates, Vogel.
ASARABACCA, Asarum— a. Broad-leaved,
Asnniin Canadense.
ASAR'CON, from a, priv., and aap^, 'flesh.'
Devoid of flesh. Aristotle uses the term for the
head when it is but little fleshy, compared with
the chest and abdomen.
ASARET, Asarum — a. du Canada, Asarum
Canadense.
ASARI'TES, from aaapov, 'the asarum.' A
diuretic wine, of which asarum was an ingredient.
— Dioseorides.
AS'ARU.M, from a, privative, and tratpeiv, 'to
adorn :' because not admitted into the ancient
coronal wreaths [?], As'arum Europa'um sou
ASBESTOS SCALL
99
ASCLEPIAS ALBA
offl.in'nn'!p, NardiiH Monta'nn sen RiiHt'icn, Az'-
fu-um. (F.) An,iret on Cnbiiret, Aznrinn Cah'iret.
Oreille d'homme, Oreilletle, Girnrd-RouHnin, Nurd
S'litvnge. Order, Aristolochiaceac, Sea-. Synf.
Dodecandria MonoRynia. The plant, used in
medicine, is the An'urHtH Eiiropm'nm, Ainrabac'-
va, and of this the leaves. They are emetic,
cathartic, and errhine, but are h^irdly ever em-
jiiiiyed, except for the last purpose.
ASARUM Canadrn'sk, A. Cnrtdhtifi'nvm, Cn-
<ir<d(i Sii<il:'-roi)t, Wild (Siiujer, Colt's Foot, Broad-
leaf Aiarahacca, Indian Giiir/er, Heart Siiake-
rixtt, (1<\) Axaret du Canada. The root AH'ai-um,
(Ph. U. S.), is used as a substitute for ginger, and
is said to act as a warm stimulant and dia-
]ih(irotic.
AsARUw Carolinianum, a. Canadense — a.
Europieum, see Asarum — a. Ilypocistis, Cytinus
liypooisfis — a. Officinale, see Asarum.
■ ASBESTOS SCALL, see Eczema of the hairy
scalp.
ASCATN, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ascain
is a village, situate about a league from St. Jean-
<le-Luz, in France. The witter is a eold chaly-
beate.
ASCARDAMYC'TES, from a, privative, and
nKap&uiJvrTu), ' I twinkle the eyes.' One who stares
with tixed eyes, without moving the eyelids. —
llippoerates.
ASCARICIDA ANTIIELMINTICA, Verno-
tiia anthelmintica.
ASrARfDE^ LUMnniCOiDE, Ascarislum-
briciiides — a. Vermindaire, .\scaris vermieularis.
AS'CARIS, pi. ASCAR'IDES, from «(r*a,„^a),
' I lca|).' A genus of intestinal worms, cbarac-
t'Tized by a long, cylindrical body, extenuated
at the extremities; and having a mouth furnished
with three tubereules, from which a very short
tube is sometimes seen issuing. Formerly, there
vcro reckoned two varieties of the Ascaris — the
An'i-iiris liiiidjrieo'i'dcs seu f/ii/as hoiti'inin, Lidii-
lii-i'ma, L. teres fioiii'inis, Scolex, (F.) Loiiibri-
eiiide, Asearide lomhrico'ide, Lomhric, or long
round worm ; and the As'caris Vennicida'ris
— the Ascaris proper — the thread worm or maw
irorni. The former is alone included under
tlie genus, at present — a new genus having been
formed of the A. vermieularis, under the name
Oxyuris. It is the O.ri/u'ris seu Fiisa'ria rer-
micida'ris, (F.) Asearide, A. verniieulaire, Ojcyiire
vermleidaire.
A new s]iecies of entozoa has been found by
Dr. Reliingham, the As'caris alu'ta.
AscAius Alata. see Ascaris — a. Gigas horainis,
see Ascaris — a. Luinbricoides, see Ascaris — a.
Renalis, Stronjjylus gigas — a. Trichuria, Tricho-
copbalns — a. Vermieularis, see Ascaris — a. Visce-
ralis. Strongylus gigas.
AS'CELES, As'keles, Carens cru'rihns, from a,
privative, and cr/ctAof, 'a leg.' One who has no
legs.
ASCELLA, Axilla.
ASCEX'DENS, from ascendere, (ad and sean-
(iere,) 'to ascend.' (F.) Ascendant. Parts are
thus called, which are supposed to arise in a re-
gion lower than that where they terminate. Thus,
Aorta ascendens is the aorta from its origin to the
arch : Vena earn aseendcns, the large vein which
(ariips the blood from the inferior parts to the
hc.irt: Oldiqniis ascendens (vuiscle), the lesser
olilif|ue muscle of the abdomen, <tc.
ASOKN'SUS MORBL The period of increase
of a disease.
ASrflRRSONIAN VESICLES, see Vesicles,
Aschersonian.
ASCl'STS. Exercise.
ASrillL, Scilla.
ASnilSTODAC'TYLUS, Si/ndac'tyl,:s, from
a, privative, a^^iaro:, 'cleft;' and i^uktiXoj, 'a
finger.' A monster whose fingers are not sepa-
rated from one another. — Gurlt.
AS'CIA (an axe), Axine, Seepar'nos, Dol'ahra,
Fas'eia spiralis. Name of a bandage mentioned
by the ancients, and figured by Scultetus, in the
shape of an axe or hatchet.— Galen. See Doloire.
ASCILLA, Axilla.
ASCITE, Ascites — a. Peritoneale, Ascites.
ASCI'TES, from a(XKos, 'a leathern sack, a
large heUy:' — Aski'tes, Hydroee'le Peritona'i,
Hifdrops Ahdom'inis seu Ascites, Hijdrofjas'ter,
Ihjdroperitone'nm, Hijdroece'lia, Ilijdre' trum, As-
cli'tes, Cwh'och't/sts, Dropsy of the lower belli/,
Dropsy of the Peritone'um, (F.) Ascite, A. pfrito-
neale, Hydro-perilonie, Hydrojiisie du Bas-ventre
ou dn peritoine. A collection of serous fluid in
the abdomen. Ascites proper is dropsy of the
peritoneum; and is characterized by increased
size of the abdomen, by fluctuation and the gene-
ral signs of drojisy. It is rarely a primary dis-
ease: but is alwaj-s danj;erous, and but little sus-
ceptible of cure. Most generally, it is owing to
obstructed circulation in some of the viscera, or
to excitement of the vessels of the abdominal
organs. The treatment is essentially the same
as that of other dropsies. Paracentesis, when
had recourse to, can only be regarded as a pal-
liative.
Dropsy of the peritoneum may also be saccated
or in cysts, and occasionally the fluid accumulates
exterior to the peritoneum, Ilydreplrjas'trinm.
When in cysts it is termed Ilydroeys'tis, Hydrops
ahdom'inis sacca'tiis seu cys'ticus and Asei'tes
saeca'tns.
Ascites IIepato-Cysticus, Turgescentia vesi-
cula; felletc — a. Ovarii, Hydrops ovarii — a. Puru-
lentus, Pyocnelia — a. Saccatus, see Ascites, lly-
droarion, and Hydrops ovarii.
ASCIT'IC, Aseit'icus, (F.) Aseitiqne. Relating
or appertaining to, or affected with, ascites.
ASCLEPI'AD^E, Asdepi'ades, from AcKXriTtos,
'iEsoulapius.' The priest physicians, who served
in the ancient temples of ^^Isculapius, and who
took their name from being his descendants.
ASCLEPIADE, Asclepias vincetoxicum.
ASCLEPIAS ALBA, A. vincetoxicum —a.
Apocynum, A. Syriaca — a. Asthmatica, Tylo-
phora asthmatica — a. Cornuti, A. Syriaca — a.
Crispa, Gomphocarpus crispus.
Asclkpias Curassav'ica, Bastard Ipecacu-
anha, Bedhead, Bloodweed, The leaves are
emetic in the dose of one or two scruples. It
is the Ipeeaeuanlia blanc of St. Domingo.
AscLEPiA.s Decum'bkxs: the root. Escharotic,
cathartic, sudorific, diuretic.
Asclepias, Flesh-coloured, A. Incarnata —
a. Gigantea, Mudar.
AsCLE'piAS IncAKNA'tA, a. pnlehra. Flesh-,
coloured or su-amp asclejiias or silkn:eed. The
root of this plant, which grows in all parts of the
United States, and is officinal in the Ph. U. S.,
has the same virtues as A. Syriaca, and A. tube-
rosa.
Asclepias Obovata, A. Syriaca.
Asclepias Proc"era [ ? ], Reidelossar, Bci-
delsar. An Egyptian plant, the leaves of which
are made into a plaster, and applied to indident
tumours. The milky juice is caustic, and is used
as such.
Asclepias Pseudosarsa. Hemidesmus Indi-
cus — a. Pubescens, A. Syriaca — a. Pulchra, A.
incarnata.
Asclepias Sykiaca, A. pnbes'ccns seu apoc"y-
num seu obova'ta seu tomento'sa seu Cornn'ti,
Common SUkweed, Milk Weed, (F.) Ilerbe d la
hoiiette. The cortical part of the root, officinal
in the Ph. U. S., has been given, in powder, in
ASCLEPIASMUS
100
ASPHYXIA
asthmatic and pulmonic affections in general,
and, it is said, witli success.
Asci.k'imas Sulltvan'tii, Smooth Milhweed,
SUkweed: indigenous, possesses the same virtues
as the next.
AscLKPiAS ToMENTTOSA, A. Syriaca.
AscLi:'riAS Tcbeuo'sa, ButterjJy Weed, Pleu-
rifij lioot, F/iix Root, Wli\d Root, Wind Weed,
White Root, Oraii'je Swallow Root, Silk Weed,
Cnnnda Root, Orange Apoc'ynnm, Tuhcroas
Mooted Sical'/ow Wort. Said to have been first
recomuiended by the Asc-lepiades. In Virginia
and thf Carolinas, the root of this plant — officinal
in the Ph. U. S. — has been long celebrated as a
remedy in pneumonic affections. It is sudo-
rific, and the powder acts as a mild purgative.
Its chief powers are said to be expectorant, dia-
phoretic, and febrifuge. It is occasionally given
to relieve pains of the stomach from flatulency
and indigestion.
Asclkpias ViNCETOx'icujr, A. Alhn, Cynan'-
tlinm Viiiceto.v' iciim, Vinceto.r'icum, V. Offieina'le,
Hirundina'ria, Apoc"j/tinm Nova An'fflim hirun'-
tum, &■;., Sii}iilln,r-Wort, White Swallow- Wort,
(F. ) Anc/epi'ide, Uoinpte-venin.
The root is said to be stimulant, diuretic, and
emmenasjntfue, but is hardly ever used.
ASCLEPIASMUS, Haemorrhois.
ASCLITES, Ascites.
ASCO'MA, from aoKo;, ' n bottle.' The emi-
nence of the puhes at the period of puberty in
females. — Rufus of Ephesus.
ASE. Anxiety.
ASEliLI, Onisci aselli.
ASELLUS, Oniscus.
ASE'MA CRISIS, xinats aarijia, from a, priva-
tive, and arj^a, ' a sign.' A crisis occurring unex-
pectedly and without the ordinary precursory
signs.
ASEPTON", A'sapos.
ASH, BITTER, Quassia — a. Blue, Fraxinus
quadrangulata — a. Mountain, Sorbus acuparia
— a. Mountain, American, Sorbus Americana
• — a. Prickly, Aralia spinosa, Xanthoxylum clava
llerculis — a. Prickly, shrubby, Xanthoxylum
fraxinenm — a. Stinking, Ptelea trifoliata — a.
Tree, Fraxinus excelsior — a. White, Fraxinus
Americana.
ASIALORRIKE'A, (F.) Asinlorrhee, from a,
priv., ffi'Aov, 'saliva,' and p£ii), 'to flow.' Diminu-
tion in the flow of saliva.
ASIMINA TRILOBA, see Carica papaya.
ASIT"IA, from a, privative, and o-iroj, 'food.'
Abstinence from food. Want of appetite, — Faa-
tid'iiiin cibo'rinn, Apoclei'sis.
ASIUS LAPIS, Assius Lapis.
ASJAGAN, As'Jor/am. An Indian tree, the
juice of whose leaves, mixed with powdered
cumin seeds, is employed in India in colic.
AS.TOiJAM, Asjagan.
ASKELES, Asceles.
ASKER, Eschar.
ASKITES, Ascites.
ASO'DES, Asso'den, from aarj, 'disgust,' 'sati-
ety.' A fever accompanied with anxiety and
nausea : Fe'bris nno'des vel azo'des.
ASPALASO'MUS, from aorraXaf, 'a mole,' and
ffw/ifl, 'a body.' A genus of monsters in which
there is imperfect development of the eyes. —
I. G. St. Ililaire. Also, a malformation, in which
the fissure and eventration extend chiefly upon
the lower part of the abdomen ; the urinary ap-
paratus, genitals and rectum opening externally
by three distinct orifices. — Vogel.
ASPALTUM. Asphaltum.
ASPAKAGINE, see Asparagus.
ASPAR'AGUS, Aanapayoi, Aspar'arjuD ojffici-
na'lis, Common Aspara(/iis, Spar'afjns, Sper'n</n»,
Sjjarrow Grass, Grass, Sperage. . Ord, Aspho-
deleae. Sex. Sijst. Hexandria Monogynia. As-
par'agi offieina'lis I'urio'nes, (F.) A/iperge. Tlio
fresh roots are diuretic, perhaps owing to the im-
mediate erj'stallizable principle, Asparogine,
which is said to bo sedative in the dose of a few
grains. The young shoots are a well known and
esteemed vegetable diet. They communicate a
peculiar odour ,to the urine. A syrup made of
the young shoots and an extract of the roots has
been recommended as a sedative in heart affec-
tions.
ASPA'SIA. A ball of wood soaked in an in-
fusion of galls, and used by females for constring-
ing the vagina.
ASPEN, AiMERTCAN, Populus tremuloides—
a. European, Popnlus tremula.
ASPERA ARTERIA, Trachea.
ASPERGE, Asparagus.
ASPERITAS ARTERIA ASPERiE, Rau-
cedo. , , ^
ASPERITE DES PAUPIERES, Trachoma.
ASPERITUDO, Trachoma.
ASPER'ITY, Asper'it(i8, roughness. Asperi-
ties are inequalities on the surfaces of bones,
which often serve for the insertion of fibrous
organs.
ASPERMATIA, Aspermatismus.
ASPERiMATIS'MUS, A^j^er'mia, Asperma'tin,
from a, privative, and (rircpixa, 'sperm.' Reflux
of sperm from the urethra into the bladder, dur-
ing the venereal orgasm.
ASPERMIA, Aspermatismus.
ASPERSIO, Catapasma, Fomentation.
ASPER'SION, Asper'dio, from aspergere (ad
and spargere), 'to sprinkle,' (F.) Arrosemeiit.
Act of sprinkling or pouring a liquid guttatim
over a wound, ulcer, &c.
ASPERULA, Galium aparine.
Asper'ulA Odoua'ta, (diminutive of asper,
'rough,' the seeds being rough), Ga'linm odora'-
tiim, jMatrimjl'va, Ifr'piit'ica stella'ta, (F.) Aspe-
rnle odorante ou Mnguet des hois, Hepotiqne
etoilee. Ord. Rubiaceae. Sex. Si/st. Tetrandria
Monogynia. Sweet-scented Woodroof. Said to
be diuretic, deobstrueut, tonic, and vulnerar}'.
ASPERULE ODORANTE, AgperulAodoTnts,.
ASPHALTI'TES, Nephri'tes, Nephri'tis, Pri-
ma Vertebra lumba'ria, same etymon as asphal-
tum. A name given by some to the last lumbr.r
vertebra. — Gorra^us.
ASPHAL'TUM, Ncp'ta,Arsnl'tos, Asphnrium,
from a(Tif,a\i{,ttv, ' to strengthen,' being used as
a cement. [? ] With the Greeks, this word signi-
fied any kind of bitumen. It is now restricted
chiefly to the Bitu'men of Jud^e'a, B. Jnda'-
icnm, A. sol'idnm, Jews' Pitch, Karrihe of Sodom,
(F.) Asphalte, JJitnme de Judee, Poix winh-ah
scorincee, Biinme de momie ou des fiinernllles. It
is solid, friable, vitreous, black, shining, inflam-
mable, a-nd of a fetid smell. An oil is obtained
from it by distillation. It enters into the compo-
sition of certain ointments and plasters.
It is collected on the surface of the water of
the Dead Sea or Lake Asphaltites, in Judeea.
ASPIIARINE, Galium aparine.
ASPHOD'ELUS, kacpoitkoq, A. Rnmo'sus seu
AlbussQW 3hiris, Has' tula Regis, (F.) Lis aspho-
dele. The bulbs of this southern European
plant have an acrimony which they lose in boil-
ing water. They contain a fccula with which
bread has been made, and have been considered
diuretic. They have been used as a succeduueuin
for the squill.
ASPHYCTOS, Pulseless.
ASPHYX'IA, from a, priv., and er^ufif, 'pulse,'
Defer'tus Puhfis, Acrotis'mns, Sidera'tio, Sydern'-
tio, (F.) Anhhnafosie. For a long time, Asphy-
xia was confined to the sense of ' suspension of
circulation or syncope;' Pulselessness. It now
ASniYXIAL
101
ASSIDENTIA SIGNA
generally monns mtspetidcd ammatlnn, produced
b)' the nonconversion of the venous blood of the
lung's into arterial, — Apnw'a, Apneus'tla, Apiiae-
anjihi/.i'in, AnlicBiiinto'iiia, Ec'li/m'u piwumo-cardi'-
(ir<i, Aii'ixt'iiiie, Ifj/poxemie, — Piorry. Owing to
the supply of air being cut off, the unchan^ged
venous blood of the pulmonary artery passes into
the minute radicles of the pulmonary veins, but
their peculiar excitability requiring arterial blood
to excite them, stagnation takes places in the pul-
monary radicles, and death occurs chiefly from
this cause, —not owing to venous blood being
distributed through the system, and 'poisoning'
it. as was the idea of Bichat. Carus anphi/x'ia,
Jfiirs (ipp'i'rens, Mom piitnti'rn, Pseudothan'alos,
Apj,.i,<nit deiilh, (F.) Jfort appri rente, is charac-
terized by suspension of respiration, of the cere-
l)ral functions, &c. Several varieties of Asphyxia
have been designated.
1. Asi'iivx'iA OF THf; Nrw-Bou^j, yl. neonato'-
riiiii. Tiiis is often dep.cn(lent upon the feeble
condition of the infant, not permitting respiration
to be established.
2. AsiMiYx'iA BY Noxious Tniiala'tion, or in-
halation of gases, some of which cause death by
producing a spasmodic closure of the glottis ;
others by the want of oxygen; and others are
positively deleterious or poisonous.
3. AspiiYx'iA BY Stkancula'tion, or .S'd/'oca'-
tioii ; produced by mechanical impediment to
respiration, as in hanging.
4. AsiMivx'lA liY Submer'siov, a. hy drown-
iiii), A. IiniHtrso' rum, Aiif/iulrhi/drie (Piorry), as
occurs in the drowned, who perish in consequence
of the medium in which they are plunged, being
unfit for respiration. See Submersion.
Mr. Chevalier has used the term AspJii/.r'ia
Idiopnth'icft, for fatal syncope owing to relaxa-
tion of the heart. See Suffocation.
AsiMiYx'iA I.MSfEUsoRUM, A', by submersion —
a. Local : — see Grangrene — a. Neonatorum, A. of
the new-born — a. Pestilenta: — see Cholera — a.
Pestilential : — see Cholera.
ASPIIYX'IAL, Asphijx'ic Relating to as-
phyxia — as ' nxphy.rial phenomena.'
ASI'HYXIE 'UES PARTIES, Gangrene—
a. Leiite des uouveaii-nes, Induration of the cel-
lular tissue.
A S P H Y X'l E D, Axpht/j-'iiited, Asphyxia' tus,
same etymon. In a state of as|)hyxia.
ASP/0, Aspis, Lavandula spica.
ASPIDISCOS, Sphincter ani externus.
A S P I D ' I U .M A T II A M A N'T I C U M, from
anrni^ioy, 'a small shield,' diminutive of atrTif, 'a
shield.' A South African fern, Ord. Filices,
which is possessed of anthelmintic properties.
Its caudex, in the form of powder, infusion, or
electuary, has been found excellent in helmin-
thiasis, and es]>ecially in tajicworm.
Asi'inii'sr Coiuacku.m, Calagualao radix — a.
Depastum, Polypodium fllix luas — a. Discolor, see
Calaguahc radix— a. Erosurn, Polypodium filix
mas — a. Filix fccmina, Asplenium lilix foemina —
a. Ferrugineum, see Calagualaj radix — a. Filix
mas, Pdlvpodium fil's mas.
ASPri'lATIO. Inspiration.
A.">PIK A'TION, Adspira'ti'n, Aspirn'tio, from
a«j)irnre (<id and Kpirare), ' to breathe.' The
French sometimes use the term synonymously
with inspiration. It also means the actof attract-
ing or sucking like a pump. Imbibition. Also,
the pronunciation of a vowel with a full breath.
ASPIS, offTTif. A name given by the ancients
to a venomous serpent — the ^Eijyjdian viper of
Lacf'pcide, (F.) yixpic. Its bite is very dangerous,
and it is supjiosed to have been the reptile which
Cleopatra used for her destruction.
ASPLE'NIU.M, Asple'num, from a. priv., and
aTj\r)v, ' the spleen.' Sjilccnwort, Jlilticuate,
Asplenium Aureum, A. ceterach.
AsPLE'.Niini Cet'erach, A. ati'reum seu lati-
fo'lium, Gymnof/ram'me ceterach, JJoradil'la,
Blechntim gquamu'siim, Seolopen'dria, Athi/r'inn,
Cet'erach officiua' rum seu Cuiiarien'sis, Grammi'-
tis cet'erach seu au'rea, Gxjmiiop'teris ccteroch, Vit-
ta'ria ceterach, (F.) Buraditle. Ord. Filices.
Supposed to be subastringent and mucilaginous,
and has been recommended as a pectoral. It has
also been given in calculous cases.
Asple'nium Filix FfE'jii.vA, Pofypo'dimn fih'x
fucmina seu nioUe seu dcnta'tum seu inci'iuin seu
trif'idnin, Aapidium filix fnemina, Athijr'ium filix
foemina seu wolle seu ova' turn seu trif'id\un, Pte-
ris palus'tris. Female fern, Spleenwort, (F.) i^oii-
gere femelle. The root of this plant resembles
that of the male fern, and is said to possess simi-
lar anthelmintic virtues. The name female fern
is also given to Pteria aqniliua.
Asplenium Latipolium, A. ceterach — a. Mu-
rale, A. ruta — a. Obtusum, A. ruta muraria.
Asple'nium Ruta Mura'ria, A. muru'le seu
ohtu'sum, Paronych'ia, Phylli'tia ruta niurn'ria,
Scolopen'drium ruta mura'ria. Wall rue. White
Dlaidenhair, Tentwort, Adian'tum album, liuta
mura'ria, Sul'via VitcB, (F.) Hue des nniraillcs,
Sauve-vie. Used in the same cases as the last.
Asple'nium Scolopen'drium, Scolopeudrium
officina'rum seu lingua seu phylli'tia seu vulya'-
re, Scolopen'dra, Sco/opeu'dria, Hurt'a 'J'onr/ne,
Spleenwort, Phylli'tia, Lingua cervi'nn, lihchnuin
lignifo'lium, (F.) Scolopendre, Lamjue de cerf.
Properties like the last.
Asple'nium Tkichomanoi'des, A. Trichom'-
ancH, Phylli'tia rotundifo'liu, Calypliyl'luin, Tri-
chom'aues, T. crena'ta, Adian'tum riibrum, Com-
mon 3[aideuhair, Polyt' richum commu'ne, (F.)
Poll/trie. Properties like the last.
ASPLENUM, Asplenium.
ASPREDO, Trachoma — a. Miliacca, ililiary
fever.
ASPRliLE, Hippuris vulgaris.
ASPRITUDO, Trachoma.
ASS.VBA. A Guinea shrub, whose leaves are
considered capable of dispersing buboes.
ASSACOU, Hura Brasiliensis.
ASS A DOUX, Benjamin — a. Dulcis, Benjamin
— a. Odornta, Benjamin.
ASS A FETID A, Asafoctida.
ASSAFtETIDA, Asafoetida.
ASSAIERET. A compound of bitter, stoma-
chic, and purgative medicines in the form of pill,
— Avicenna.
ASSAINISSEMENT (F.), from ad. 'to,'
and sanare, 'to make healthy.' The act of ren-
dering healthy, as by the draining of marshes,
the disinfection of the air, Ac.
ASSAISONNEM ENT, Condiment.
ASSAKUR, Saccharum.
ASS.VLA, see Myristica moschata.
ASSAKTHROSiS. Articulation.
ASSA'TIO, Opte'sia. The boiling of food or
medicines in their own juice, without the addi-
tion of any liquid. Various kinds of cooking by
heat. — Galen.
ASS ELLA, Axilla.
AS'SERAC, Aaaia. A preparation of opium,
or of some narcotic, used by the Turks as aa
excitant.
ASSERCULUM, Splint.
ASSEH VA r/OX, Conservation. ,
ASSES' MILK, see Milk, asses'. ■»
Asses' Milk, Artificial, see Milk, asses'.
AS'SIDEXS, from ad, 'to,' and sedere, 'to be
seated.' That which accompanies or is concomi-
tant. An epithet applied to the accessory symp-
toms, Aaaiden'tia aiyna, and general phenomena
of disease.
ASSIDENTIA SIGNA, see Assidens.
ASSIMILABLE
102
ASTHMA
ASSIM'ILAULE, A>'s!mih,h'il!s. Same ety-
mon as Assimilation. That wbiuh is susceptible
of assimilation.
ASSIM'ILATIXG, Ass!m'il>dory, Assiinilato'-
riiiii,{V.) Ansiiiiildleur. Same etymon as the next.
That wh.ch effects assimilation, as an useimikitittg
or Usui III ilnlory organ.
ASSIMILA'TION, AssiniHa'tio, Si)uih't!o,Ap-
prupiio'tio, EjTDinciiu'niii, Hoinoio'siis, Threpms,
Thiep'tiie ; from UDniiinlnre, {ad and m'liiilare,)
* to render similar.' The act by which living
Ijodios ajipropriate and transform into their own
substance matters ivitli which they may be placed
in contact. The reverse action — that of separa-
ting and eliminating matters already assimilated,
in the act of nutrition — is termed, by the French,
Des(tsniniil(itii>ii.
ASSLS, Asserae.
AS'SIUS LAPIS, A'sins Lnpfs. A sort of
stone or earth, found near the town of Assa in
the Troad, which had the property of destroying
proud fle.--h.
ASSOCIATE!) MO VEMENTS,see Instinctive.
.ASSODES, Asodes.
ASSO CPIS.SA.yr, somniferous.
A SSO UPISSEMENT, Somn olency.
ASSOUKON, see iMyrtus Pimenta.
ASSUETUDO, Habit.
ASSULA, Splint.
ASSULTUS, Attack.
ASSUMPTIO. Prehension.
ASTACI FLUVIATILIS CONCREMENTA,
Cancrorum chelre.
ASTACUS FLUVIATILIS, Crab.
ASTAKILLOS, Araneum ulcus.
ASTAllZOF. An ointment, composed of li-
tharge, frog's spawn, Ac. Also, camphor, dis-
solved in rose water. — Paracelsus.
ASTASIA, Dysphoria.
ASTER ATTICUS. Bubonium.
AsTKlt COHDIFOI.IUS, J/citri-leaved Alter, A.
Punic'eus, lioiiyh-gtcmnied Aster, and other
indigenous species, Order Compositaj, possess
aromatic properties.
AsTHK Dysexteiuctis, Inula dysenterica — a.
Heart-leaved, A. cordifulius — a. Helenium, Inula
Ilelenium — a. Inguinalis, Eryngium campestre —
— a. Officinalis, Inula Ilelenium — a. Rough-
stemmed, A. Puniccus — a. Tortifolius, Sericocar-
pus tortifolius — a. Undulatus, Inula dysenterica.
ASTE'RIA GEMMA, Asle'vhis, Axtroi'tes, As'-
trios, Asirol/utiis. The ancients attributed ima-
ginary virtues to this stone, — that of dispersing
NcBvi Mntenii, for examjile.
ASTEHIAS LUTEA, Gentiana lutea.
ASTER'XIA, from a, privative, and arcpvov,
'the sternum.' A monstrosity, in which there is
absence of the sternum.
ASTEROCEPIIALUS SUCCISA, Scabiosa
suecisa.
ASTHENES. Infirm.
ASTHENI'A, Vis immimi'ta, from a, priv.,
and a^ivos, 'fiirce,' 'strength.' Want of strength,
debility. (F.) Affaibtissement. Infirmity. A
word used in thi> sense by Galen, and employed,
especially by Brown, to designate debility of the
whole economy, or diminution of the vital forces.
lie distinguished it into direct and indirect: the
former proceeding from diminution of stimuli ;
the latter from exhaustion of incitability by the
abuse of stimuli.
Asthenia Degi.tttitioxis, Pharyngoplegia — a.
Pectoralis. Angina Pectoris.
ASTHEX'IC, Astlien'iciis, (F.) Asthetitque.
Same etymon as the last. Relating or belonging
to asthenia.
ASTIIEXICOPYRA, Fever, adynamic.
ASTilENICOPYRETUS, Fever, adynamic.
ASTHEXIQCE, Asihcmc. _
ASTllENO'l'lA, Dcbil'itns seu Ihletii do ru
«(}«, (F.) AffaiUissciiieiit de lit Viw, from a, l)nv.,
cdnos, ' strength,' and w<p, ' the eye.' Weakness
of sight : Wciih-sitjhtediiess.
ASTliENOl'YRA, Fever, adynamic. Typhus.
ASTUENOPYRETUS, Fever, adynamic.
ASTHMA, from aadna, 'laborii)Us breathing;'
from ao), 'I respire.' A. sp((s'ticiiin (ididlo'riiiii
seu bronchia' le seu seuio'rum seu coiividsi'nnii .-cu
spns'ticiim intermit'teus, Spas'iiim broiichia'lis,
Dyspnw'a et orthopiiw'a cuinudsi'va, Malniii Cu-
du'ciim puliiio'niim, Broken-windediuss, A'enom
asthma, (F.) Asthiiie, A. nen-eiu: Difficulty i.f
breathing, recurring at intervals, accompanied
with a wheezing sound and sense of eonstrictiuu
in the chest; cough and e.xpectoration.
Asthma is a chronic disease, and not curable with
facility. E.xcitant and narcotic antispasmodics
are required.
There are no pathognomonic physical signs of
asthma. In some cases, the respiration is uni-
versally puerile during the attack. In the spas-
modic form, the respiratory murmur is very feel.le
or absent during the lit; and,in all forms percus-
sion elicits a clear pulmonary sound. The disease
generally consists in some source of irritation, and
occasionally, perhaps, in paralysis of the pntu-
mogastric nerves, lironchopuruVysis, Purut'ijuis
nervi vuyi in paite thorac"iva, more frequently
of the former — all the phenomena indicating
constriction of the smaller bronchial ramilica-
tious. The treatment is one that relieves spasmo-
dic action — narcotics, counter-irritants, change
of air, <fec.
Asthma Acu'tum, of Millar, A. spas'ticnm in-
fan'tuni, Ci/nan'che Truchca'lis spiasinod'ica, (¥.)
Asthine oiiju. Probably, spasmodic croup [?].
See Asthma Thymicum.
Asthma Aeuium, Pneumothorax — a. Aerium
ab Emphysemate Pulmonum, Emphysema of the
Lungs — a. Arthriticum, Angina Pectoris — a.
Bronchiale, Asthma.
Asthma, Cau'diac, (F.) Dyspnee ou Asthme
Cardiaque, Dyspnoea dependent upon disease uf
the heart.
Asthma Convulsivum, Angina pectoris — a.
Diaphragmaticum, Angina Pectoris — a. Dolo-
rificum, Angina pectoris — a. Emphysematicum,
Pneumothorax.
Asthma, Grinders', Grinders' Rot. The ag-
gregate of functional phenomena, induced by the
inhalation of particles thrown off during the ope-
ration of grinding metallic instruments, &c. The
structural changes induced are enlargement of
the bronchial tubes, expansion of the pulmonary
tissue, and phthisis.
Asthma Gypseum, A. pulverulentum — a. liny,
Fever, hay.
Asthma Hu'midum, Humid, Common, or Spit-
ting asthma, is when the disease is accompanied
with expectoration. It is also called A. hiimu-
ra'le, A. JIatit/en'tttm, A. pneumon' icum, Blennu-
tho'rax chron'icns, &c.
Asthma Infantum, Cynanebe trachealis — a.
Infantum Spasraodicum, A. Thymicum — a. Kop-
plan, A. Thymicum — a. Laryngeum Infantum,
A. Thymicum — a. Montanum, A. pulverulentum
— a. Nervous, Asthma — a. Nocturnum, Incubus.
Asthma Pulvehulen'tum, A. yyp'seum, A.
monta'iium. The variety of asthma to which
millers, bakers, grinders, and others are suliject.
Asthma Sicci;m, so called when the paroxysm
is sudden, violent, and of short duration ; cougb
slight, and expectoration scanty ; spasmodic con-
striction.
Asthma Spastico-Arthriticum Inconstass,
Angina pectoris — a. Spasticuin Infantum, A.
Thymicum.
ASTHMATIC
103
ATAVISM
Asthma Tiiy'micum, A. T. Knp'pU, Asthmn
sp(i»'ticiun infiin'tum seu in/an' turn npasmo'diciim
seu l((ri/iuje'um.i)i/ttii'tuin seu intermit'tensinfmi'-
tiini sell '/entien'tium seu period' icum ai:u'tum,
'J lii/iiKiatlt'nifi, Ci/nan'che tracliea'lis Kpanmod' icn,
^/xiKiiitm (fhit'tidiH, Kuppian Asthmn, Thymic
Axlhmri, Litryii(/!n'inun utrid' iilnn, Lnryni/o-Hjxis-
viitH, Aj)ii<i''ti iiifdu'tum, Sj)fi8ni of the hirijii.r or
ijidtllx, Croiip-like inipi ration of iiifciuta, Chl/d-
crowitit/, iS/xiHiiiodic croup, Pseudo-croup, S'pn'ri-
oim or Cer'ebral croup, I'hreuo-t/lot'timu, Snf'fo-
ciiliur/ iiervouH cdtnrrh, (P.) Luryntjite atri<lulcuse,
I'\iu.>: Croup, f'seudo-croup iierveux, Spaiuie de la
(j/otle cl dn Thorax. A disense of infants, cha-
riiftcri/.od by suspension of respiration at inter-
vals ; great (lifliculfy of broatliinir, especially on
waliing, swallowing, or crying: ending often in
a fit of sutfocntion, with convulsions. The patho-
logy of the disease has been supposed to consist
in an enlargement of the thymus gland, or of
the glands of the neck pressing on the pneumo-
gastric nerves [?]. The ear, by auscultation, at
a distance from the chest, detects an incomplete,
acute, hissing inspiration, or rather cry: whilst
the expiration and voice arc croupal, both at the
accession and termination of the paroxysm. The
heart's action has been observed to be distinct
and feeble.
These symptoms are often accompanied by
rigidity of the fingers and toes ; the thumb being
frequently drawn forcibly into the palm of the
clenclu'd hand, whence the name VarjM-j^edul
S2>'i«iu, ajiplied, at times, to the disease.
Asthma Tyi'icum. Asthma characterized by
periodicity.
Asthma Uteri, Hysteria — a. Weed, Lobelia
infl.ita.
AS'I'IIMAT'IC, Anthmat'ieuit, Puoncolyt'icuH,
(F.) Anthiuntique. Affected with asthma. Rela-
ting to a'itiima.
ASTIIME AIGU, Asthma acutum— a. Cardi-
aqut'. Asthma, cardiac — a. Nerreux, Asthma.
ASTKJ'MATISM, Astigmatism' us, from a, pri-
vative, and anyita, oriy/jaro;, 'ajioint.' A state
of irregular refraction in the eye, in which the
rays are not brought to one focus, but converge
at dificront distances, so as to form two linear
images at right angles to each other.
AS'TO.MUS, from a, privative, and oro^wa, 'a
mouth.' (F.) Astome. One without a mouth.
Pliny speaks of a people in India without mouths,
who live iinhflatu et odore !
ASTIIAGALE COL V, Collum astragali.
ASTRAGALOIDES SYPHILITICA, Astra-
galus exscapus.
A8TRA(j'ALUS, Tidus, the Anlde, Qua'trio,
Quar'tio, Quater'iiio, Diab'ebos, Pezn, Cavic'nla,
Cavil' la, Tetro'ros, As'trion, Os Ballist'ai seu
Tes'sercB, from aorpayuAoj, 'a die,' which it has
been considered to resemble [?]. A short bone,
situate at the superior and middle part of the
tarsus, where it is articulated with the tibia. It
is the ankle bone, sliuij bone, or first hone of the
foot. The anterior surface is convex, and has a
well-marked prominence, supported by a kind of
neck, and hence has been called the head of the
astraijnlus. The astragalus is developed by two
points of ossification.
Also, the ntla-s or first vertebra of the tieck.
Astrao'ai.us Ex'scai'us, Asiragaloi'dea sy-
philit'ica, Stemless Milk-vetch, (F.) Astrarjale a
gausses vi'lus. Ord. Leguminosae. Sex. Si/st. Dia-
delphia Docandria. The root is said to have
cure<i confirmed syphilis.
AsTitAo'Ai.us TiiACACAXTnus. see Tragacanth.
Astuag'ai.US VkuiiS, Spina hirci, Astraj/'alua
acuh-a'lus. Goat's thorn, Milk-vetch. The plant
which atTords Gum Tra<j'acanth. See Traga-
caotha.
ASTRANTIA, Imperatoria — a. Diapensia, Sa-
nicula.
AS'TRAPE, Coruscn'tio, Fuhjar, Fulmev,
Lightning. Galen reckons it amongst the re-
mote causes of epilepsy.
ASTRIC'TION, Astric'tio, Stypsis, Adstric'tio,
Conatric'tio, from astriui/ere, (ad and atrinycre,)
' to constringe.' Action of an astringent sub-
stance on the animal economy.
ASTRICTORIA, Astringents.
ASTRINGENT ROOT, Comptonia aspleni-
folia.
ASTRIN'GENTS, Aatringen'tin, Adatricto'rin,
Adstringen'tia, Stryphna, Cataetal'tica, Cunstrin-
gen'tia, Contrahen'tia, Stegnu'tica, Syncrit'iai ,
Astricto'ria. Same etymon. Medicines which
have the property of constringing the organic
textures. External astringents are called Styp-
tics.
The following are the chief astringents: Aci-
dum Sulphuricum, A. Tannieum, Alumen, Ar-
genti Nitras, Catechu, Creasoton, Cupri Sulpha.-,
Tinct. Ferri Chloridi, Liquor Ferri Kitratis,
Ferri Sulphas. Galla?, Ihcmatoxylon, Kino, Kra-
nieria, Liquor Calcis, Plumbi Acetas, Quercus
Alba, Quercus Tinctoria, Zinci Sulphas.
ASTRION, Astragalus.
ASTRIOS, Asteria gemma.
AS'TROBLES, from acTfiov, 'astar,' and/^n^Ati),
'I strike.' One struck by the stars, (sidcra'tus.)
One who is in a state of sideration — in an apo-
plectic state. — Gorra>us.
ARTRGliLESIA, Astrobolismus.
ASTROIiOLIA, Astrobolismus.
ASTROr.OLLS'MUS, Astrobol'ia, Astroble'sio,
Heli'aais, Helio'ais. Same etymology. Sidera'-
tion, or action of the stars on a person. Apo-
plexy. — Theophrastus, (iorrajus.
ASTROBOLOS, Asteria gemma.
ASTROITIS, Asteria gemma.
ASTROLOGER, see Astronomy.
ASTROL'OGY, Astrolog"ia, from aarpov, 'a
star,' and ^oyoi, 'a discourse.' The art of divi-
ning by inspecting the stars. This was formerly
considered to be a part of medicine; and was
called Judicial Aatroloyy, to distinguish it from
astronomy.
ASTRON'OMY, ^s/raaow'irr, from aarpov, ' n.
star, and vojios, 'a law,' 'rule.' A science which
makes known the heavenly phenomena, and the
laws that govern them. Hippocrates places this
and astrology amongst the necessary studies of
a physician. In the earlier English writers.
Astronomer is often used in the sense of Astro-
loger.
ASYSTOLIE, from a, privative, and cvaToXri,
'systole. A name given by M. Beau to a period,
in diseases of the heart, in which the systole is
incomplete ; or, at least, is insufficient to free the
ventricles from the blood in them.
ASTRUTIIIUM, Imperatoria.
ASTYPHIA, Impotence.
ASTYSIA, Impotence.
ASUAR, Myrobalanus Indica.
ASULCL Lapis lazuli.
ASYNODIA, Impotence.
ATACTOS, Erratic.
ATARACTAPOIE'SIA, Afaractopoe'sin-, from
a, privative, rapaKTo;, 'troubled,' and votetv, 'to
make.' Intrepidity, firmness; aquality of which,
according to Hippocrates, the physician ought to
be possessed in the highest degree.
ATARAX'IA, from a, privative, and rapa^t,;,
'trouble,' 'emotion.' Moral tranquillitj-, peace
of mind.
AT'AVISM, Atavism' us, from atnrus, 'an old
grandsire or ancestor indefinitely.' The c,Tse in
which an anomaly or disease, existing in a family,
ATAXIA
104
ATLAS
is lost in one generation and reappears in tlie
followinfr.
ATAX'IA, from a, privative, and rafit. 'order.'
Disorder, irregularity. Hippocrates employs the
word in its most extensive acceptation. Galen
applies it, especially, to irregularity of pulse:
and Sydenham speaks of Ataxia Sjiiritiinm for
disorder of the nervous system. Ataxia, now,
usually means the state of disorder that charac-
terizes nervous fevers, and the nervous condition.
Ataxia Spirituum, Nervous diathesis. See
Ataxia.
AT AX'IC, Atax'icus ; same etymon. Having
the characters of ataxia.
ATCHAR, A'chia, Achar. A condiment used
in India. Ic is formed of green fruits of various
liinds — garlic, ginger, mustard, and pimento —
pickled in vinegar.
ATECNIA. Sterilitas.
ATELECTASIS, AielcJc'tnsh, from artXvs^^
'imperfect,' 'defective,' and cKTuaig, 'dilatation.'
Imperfect expansion or dilatation ; as in
Atelkc'tasis PuLMo'NUJr, Piieumonatelec'in-
sis, Piioimutclec'tasis. Imjierfect expansion of
the lungs at hirth, giving rise to Cyano'ais piil-
mona'lit. A similar condition is observed in
lungs which have received air, and in a distinctly
lobular form. This is regarded by Dr. W. T.
(iairdner as, in all probability, a secondary le-
sion, and dependent, in the majority of instances,
on a catarrhal condition of the bronchial tubes.
It is called, by him, piihnonavy colhqyxe, or col-
lapse of the lidir/, and has received the name
apneiimnto'sis from Fuchs.
AT'ELES, areXrjs, 'imperfect,' 'defective.'
Hence
ATEL'IA, (F.) Atelie. A monstrosity in which
there is a want of some members.
ATELOCIIEI'LIA, from arcU?, 'imperfect,'
and x"^'>i' '"P-' ^ malformation which consists
in an imperfect development of the lip.
ATELOENCEPHAL'IA, from ariMi, 'imper-
fect,' and cyKiipaXov, 'the encephalon.' State of
imperfect development of the brain. — Andral.
ATELOGLOS'SIA, from artAr,?, 'imperfect,'
and yXuxjaa, 'tongue.' A malformation which
consists in an imperfect development of the
tongue.
ATELOGIS'^A'TIIIA, from art\vi, 'imperfect,'
and ym0of, 'the jaw.' A malformation which
consists in an imperfect development of the jaw.
ATELOMYEL'IA, from areXvs, 'imperfect,'
and fxvtXos, 'marrow.' State of imperfect deve-
lopment of the spinal marrow. — Beclard.
ATELOPllOSO'PIA, from arcXvg, 'imperfect,'
and -poau)'zov, 'the face.' A malformation which
consists in imperfect development of the face.
ATELOPtACniDIA, Hydrorachis.
A T E L S T M ' I A, from areXns, ' imperfect,'
and BTOfxa, 'mouth.' One whose mouth is im-
perfci'tly developed.
ATER SUCCUS, Atrabilis.
ATIIAMAN'TA, from Athamas, a place in
Thessaly. A genus of plants.
Atiiamanta Annua, A. Cretensis.
Athaman'ta Aureoseli'num, Oreoseli'num,
0. legit' imum sen nir/ntm, Sdi'mim oreoneli'mim,
Peiiced'diuim oreoscii'niim, Apiiim monta'num,
Black 3foitntain Pnrslei/, (F.) Pertil de 3fon-
tagne ; Old. Umbelliferie. The plant, seed, and
roots, are aromatic. It has been considered
attenuant, aperient, deobstruent, and lithontriptic.
The distilled oil has been used in toothache.
Atha^ian'ta Creten'sis seu Cue'tica, A. an'-
nua, Libitiio'tis annua seu Creten'nia seu hirm'ta,
Daucus Creticua seu Candia'niin, Mijrrhis an'nua,
Candj Carrot. The seeds of this plant are acrid
and aromatic. They have been used as carmina-
tives and diuretics.
Athamaxta Macepoxica, Bubon Maccdom-
cum — a. Mcum, iEthusa meum.
ATHANASIA, Tanacetum.
Athana'sia, from a, privative, and S-avaroi,
'death.' An antidote for diseases of the liver,
jaundice, gravel, &c. It consisted of saffron,
cinnamon, lavender, cassia, myrrh, juncus odo-
ratus, honey, &c., and was esteemed to be sudo-
rific.
ATHARA, Athera.
ATUELAS'AIUS, from a, privative, and 6r,\r,,
'a breast or nipple.' Impracticability of giving
suck; from want of nipple or otherwise.
ATHELXIS, Sucking.
ATHE'NA. Name of a plaster, recommended
by Asclepiades, and composed of oxide of copper,
sublimed oxide of zinc, sal ammoniac, verdigris,
gall nuts, and a variety of resinous and other in-
gredients.— Oribasius, Aetius, and P. vEgineta.
ATHENIO'NIS CATAPO'TIUM. A pill,
composed of myrrh, pepper, castor, and opium;
used to allay coughing. — Celsus.
ATHE'RA, Aiha'ra, from aOvp, 'an ear of
corn.' A kind of pap for children ; also, a kind
of liniment. — Dioscorides, Pliny.
ATTIERAPEUTUS, Incurable.
ATHERO'MA, from a^tjpa, 'pap or pulp,' Em-
phy'ma cncys'tix atlu-ro'ina, lUollim'cnm, Pnlla'tio.
A tumour formed by a cyst containing mattei
like pap or Boiiillie, or plaster.
ATIIEROM'ATOUS, Athcromalo'des. Having
the nature of Atheroma.
ATHLE'TA, from aSAoj, 'combat.' Athlete,
(F.) Athlete. Athleta) were men who exercised
themselves in combat at the public festivals.—
Vitruvius.
ATHLET'IC, Athlet'icus, (F.) Athletique ; con-
cerning AthletcB. Strong in muscular powers.—
Foesius.
ATHOL PORRIDGE, see Mahogany.
. ATIIORACOCEPHALUS, Acephalogaster.
ATHRIX, At'richns, Calvns, (F.) Chauve ;
from a, privative, and Opif, Tpi;n;os, 'hair.' Bald,
(Sc.) Beld, Bellit. One who has lost his hair.
Athrix Depilis, Alopecia.
ATHYM'IA, An'imi defec'tiis et anxi'etas SOU
demis'sio, Trintit"ia, McBror, Bi/pe, from a, priv.,
and 5D/ios, 'heart,' 'courage.' Despondency. The
prostration of spirits often observable in the sick.
— Hippocrates. Melancholy. — Swediaur. See
Panophobia.
Athvmia Pleonectica, see Pleonectica.
ATIIYRION, Asplenium ceterach.
ATHYRIUM FILIX FffiMINA, Asplenium
filix fwmina — a. Filix mas, Polypodium iilix mas
— a. Molle, Asplenium filix foeinina — a. Ovatuin,
Asplenium fili.x foemina — a. Trifidum, Asplenium
filix foemina.
ATLANTAD, see Atlantal.
ATLAN'TAL; same etymon as Atlas. Rela-
ting or appertaining to the atlas.
Atlantal Aspect. An asjiect towards the
region where the atlas is situated. — Barclay.
Atlantnd is used by the same writer to signify
'towards the atlantal aspect.'
Atlantal Extremities. The upper limbs.
ATLANTION, Atlas.
ATLAS, Atlau'tion, Astrag'ahis, from arXau,
'I sustain.' The first cervical ver'lebra; so
called from its supporting the whole weight of
the head, as Atlas is said to have supported the
globe on his shoulders. Chaussier calls it At-
lo'ide. This vertebra in no respect resembles the
others. It is a kind of irregular ring, into which,
anteriorly, the processus dentatus of the second
vertebra is received. Posteriorly, it gives pas-
sage to the medulla spinalis.
ATLODIDYMUS
105
ATRIPLEX FCETIDA
ATLODID'YMUS, Allod'ymui,, (F.) Atlodyme;
from AlliiH, 'the first bone of the neck,' and
bifivixoi, 'a twin.' A monster which is simple
below nriil double above. M. Isid. Geoffrey
Saint-Ilihiiro applies this term to a monster,
which has a sinpfle body, with two distinct heads
sui)portc'(l on one neck.
ATLOTDE, Atlas.
A T I. r D ' - AXOID, (F.) Alloulo-axouUen.
Rol.itiiii,' to both the Atlas and the Axis or Ver-
tebra Dcntata.
ATLoino-AxoiD Articulation. The articula-
tion belwcen the first two cervical vertebraa.
Atloido-axoid Lig'amuxts. These are two
in number; one anterior and another 2""^terior,
passinr^ between the two vcrtebno.
ATLOID'O-OCCIF'ITAL. Relating to the
atlas and occiput. The Atloido-occip'itfil Arti-
culn't'ion is funned by the condyles of the occi-
pital bone and the superior articular surfaces of
the Atlns. The At/oiflo-occipital muscle is the
Rectus cnpitis posticus minor.
ATLOtDO-SOUS-MASTOlDTEN; Obliqnus
.superior oculi — a. Soiis-occipitale, Rectus capitis
lateriilis.
ATMIATRI'A, Atmidiat'rlce, from avfio^, 'va-
pour,' and larfiua, 'treatment.' Treatment of
disense* by fumitjation.
ATMI t)rATR[Cl<], Atmiatria.
ATM LSTEIUO^^, Vaporarium.
ATMOS, lireatli.
AT'MOSIMIERE, Atmnisphm'ra, from «r;-o?,
'vapour,' and aifiaiiia, 'a sphere;' — as it were,
Spltvrc of vapours. The atmosphere is a sphe-
rical mass of air, surrounding the earth in every
part; the height of which is estimated at 15 or
IG leagues. It presses on the surface of the
earth, and this pressure has, necessarily, sensible
effects on organized bodies. The surface of the
human body being reckoned at 15 square feet, it
is computed that a pressure of .33,000 pounds or
more exists under ordinary circumstances ; and
this pressure cannot be increased or diminished
materially, without modifying the circulation and
all the functions.
ATMOSPHERrZATION, Ilicmatosis.
ATOCIA, Sterilitas.
ATOL'INIIA, from a, priv., and To\na, 'confi-
dence.' Want of confidence; discouragement.
A state of mind unfavorable to health, and in-
jurious in disease. It is the antithesis of Eu-
tul'min.
ATOMY, Skeleton.
ATONIA, Atony — a. Ventriculi, Gasterasthe-
nia.
AT'ONIC, Aton'icm, (F.) Atnniqne. "Wanting
tone. Same etymon as the ne.xt. Also, a medi-
cine capal)le of alliiying organic excitement or
irritation. — Schwilgue.
AT'OXY, Atoii'ia, Tttfir'mitas et Remin'nio vV-
rutm, Lriiiijiior, Ln.r'itns, from a, priv., and tovu;,
'tone,' 'force.' Want of tone. Weakness of
every organ, and particularly of those that arc
conh-actile. Violent gastritis has been descril)ed
by Scril>onius Largus under a similar name,
Atovov, At'oiioii.
ATRAIJIL'IARY, AtmhiViovn, AtrnhUln'rh,
Atrcifii/io'Hiit, (F.) Atrahi/aire, Alrnhileux, from
titer, 'black.' and hilin. 'bile.' An epithet given
by the ancients to the melancholic and hypo-
chondriac, because they believed the Atrabilis
to predominate in such.
Atkabiliauv Capsiii-es, Artkriks and Vkins.
The renal capsules, arteries and vf>ins : the for-
mation of Atrabilis having been attributed to
them.
ATRAHI'LIS, same etymon. Ater succvr,
Black Bile or mdanchuly, (F.) Alrabilc. Ac-
cording to the ancients, a thick, black, acrid
humour, secreted, in the opinion of some, by the
pancreas; in that of others, by the supra-renal
capsules. Hippocrates, Galen, Aetius, and others,
ascrilie great influence to the Atrabilis in the
production of hypochondriasis, melancholy, and
mania. There is really no such humour. It
was an imaginary creation. — Arctaius, Rufus of
Ephesus, &c.
ATRACIIE'LOCEPR'ALUS, from a, priv.,
rpaT^^rjXos, 'neck,' and Kt.^aXv, 'head.' A monster
whose neck is partially or wholly deficient.
ATRACHE'LUS. Same etymon. One who is
very short-necked. — Galen.
ATRAC'TYLIS GUMMIF'ERA, Car'dnm
pi'nenn, Ixi'iie, Gii mm y -rooted Atructylis, Pine
Tlii&tle. Ord. Composita;. The root, when
wounded, yields a milky, viscid juice, which
concretes into tenacious masses, and is said to
be chewed with the same views as mastich.
AT RAG EXE. Clematis vitalba.
ATRA.MEN'TUM, A. Siito'rium, Ink, Chalcan'-
thitm, (F.) Encre. It has been advised as an as-
tringent, and as an external application in her-
petic atTections.
Atramkntum SuTORiujr, Ferri sulphas.
ATRE'SIA, (F.) Af/T.'si'e, Adherence, Imperfo-
ration. Same etymon as Atretus. See Monster.
Atre'sia Ani Adna'ta, Anus Iinperfora'tiia,
Imper font' tin ani, Atretncyn' ia, (F.) Iinperfora-
tion de I'antis. Congenital imperforation of the
intestinal canal.
ATRETELYTRIA, Colpatresia.
ATRETI8MUS, Imperforation.
ATRETOCEPH'ALUS, from arpnTOi, 'imper-
forate,' and KKpaXri, 'head.' A monster, in which
some of the natural apertures of the head are
wanting. — Gurlt.
ATliETOCOR'MUS, from arp,roj, 'imperfo-
rate, and Kopfioi, 'trunk.' A monster in which
the natural apertures of the trunk are wanting.^
Gurlt.
ATRETOCYSIA, Atresia ani.
ATRETOMETRIA, Ilvsteratresia.
ATRETOPSIA, Coreclisis.
ATRETOSTOM'IA, from arpnroi, 'imperfo-
rate,' and cTOfia, 'mouth.' Imperforation of the
mouth.
ATRETURE'THRIA, from arpnTos, 'imperfo-
rate,' and ovp>)9i,a, 'urethra.' Imperforation of
the urethra.
ATRE'TUS, from a, priv., and rpao), 'I per-
forate.' Imper/ora'iiis, Ln per' f orate. One whose
anus, or parts of generation, are imperforate
[aproe'tns).
ATRIA, Auricles of the heart — a. Mortis, see
Death.
AT'RICES. Small tumours, which appear oc-
casionally around the anus. Some commentators
consider the word to be synonymous with con-
dylomata. — Forestus.
ATRICHIA, Alopecia — a. Adnata, see Alope-
cia — a. Senilis, see Alopecia.
ATRICHUS, Atbri.x.
AT'RICI. Small sinuses in the vicinity of the
anus, not penetrntin^ the rectum.
ATRIO-VENTRICULAR, Auriculo-ventricu-
lar.
ATRIPLEX FCETIDA, Chenopodium vulvaria.
Atriplex IIokte.n'sis, a. Snti'm, (F.) Ar-
rnche, Jlonne Dome, Follette. Ord. Chenopodia-
cciB. The herb ami seed of this plant have been
exhibited as antiscorbutics.
At'riplex al'Imus, A. Portulnro'i'den, and A.
Pat'ida, are used as pickles, aud have similar
properties.
Atripi.ex Laciniata, a. patula — a. Mexicans,
Chenopodium ambrosoides — a. Odorata, Cheno-
podium botrys — a. Olida, Chenopodium vulvaria.
ATRIUM CORDIS DEXTER 106
ATTRITION
Atrut.kx P.vt'ula, a. lacinin'ta sen Piir-
elini'nit, Sjin-ddiiiij Oiache; indiijenous ; Fcimili/,
ClKMiopoiliacea). The expressed juice is said to
be cathartic. It has been used, in place of gam-
boge, in dropsy and asthma.
Anupi.Kx PuRSHi.VNA, A. patnla.
ATRIUM CORDIS DEXTER, Sinus dexter
cor lis — a. Cordis sinistruui, Sinus pulmonalis —
a. Va2:ina>, Vestibuluni.
AT'ROl'A, from Arpon-os, 'immutable,' 'the
goddess of destiny j' so called from its fatal
effects.
AthOPA BeLLADON'nA, Bellnrfou'llfX, B. hrtc-
dfera seu trichot'umn, Dead/i/ Xii/ht^hade, Ooin-
riioH Dieale, (Sc.) Mekihrort, Sohi'iiiim letha'le
sen horteu'se niijrnm, Suhi'iutm lunni'rtciim seu
/un'o'xiiiii seu mi-litiiocer'anHS, (F.) BvUddone,
Jilorelle fnriense, Ijelle Dtime. Ord. Solanaceae.
Sex. Synt. Tetrnndria Monogynia. The leaves —
Bdlitdontia (Ph. U. S.) — are powerfully narcotic,
and also diaphoretic, and diuretic. They are
occasionally used where narcotics are indicated.
Sprinkling tiie powdered leaves over cancerous
sores has been found to allay the pain ; and the
leaves form a good poultice. Dose, gr. J to gr. j
of the powdered leaves.
Atuopa MANnilAG'oilA, Mandrng'orn, M. ver-
na'lis seu nj/iviint' lis seu acnii'lis, Circoi'tt, Antliro-
pomorph'iin, Malum terren'tre, Mmidrtike. The
boiled root has been used in the form of poultice
to indolent swellings.
ATROPHIA, Atrophy, T.abes — a. Ahlactato-
ruui, Brash, weaning — a. Cerebri, Plirenatrophia
• — a. Cordis, Heart, atrophy of the — a. Glandula-
ris, Tabes mesenterica — a. Hepatis, Hepatatro-
phia — a. Infantum, P.edatrojjhia, Tabes mesen-
terica — a. Iiitestinorum, Enteratrophia. ,
Atuophia Lactan'tiu.m, Tdbes iiutrt'citm seu
lac'leit. The atrophy of nursing women.
Atuophia Liknis, Splenatrophia — a. Mesen-
terica, Tabes mesenterica — a. Testiculi, Orchida-
trojihia — a. Utiguiuni, Onychatrophia.
A TROPH/E, Atropliy — a. Mincnteriqne, Tabes
mesenterica.
ATROPHJE MVSCULATRE PROGRES-
SIVE, Farali/iie innncidaire (iti-opliit/iie, Atnmhie
muscidni re primitive ou idiopathique ou uvec
tranxformntiDii r/rdiHueime. A rare malady, in
which the muscles become so greatly atrophied
that thev cannot perform their functions.
ATROPHIED, see Atrophy.
AT'ROPIIY, Mnrnii'mus Atro'phia, Atro'pTiia
Iffirns'mm, J/arrin'nis, Jfa'cies, Contabenceii'tia,
Tubes, Marco' res, Aiiiilo'sis, from a, privative,
and 7-po0)7, 'nourishment.' (F.) Atrophie, Bes-
eech em ent. Defective nutrition, Hi/]>ot'riipInj. Pro-
gressive and morbid diminution in the bull; of
the whole body or of a part. Atrophy is gene-
rally symptomatic. Any tissue or organ thu3
affected is said to be nt'ropliied.
Atrophy of the Heart, see Heart, atrophy
of the.
ATROPIA, Atropine — a. Sulphate of, Atropise
sulphas.
ATROP'IiE SULPHAS, Sulphate of Atrop'ia
(Ph. L.). Formed by dissolving atropia in dilute
eidphuric acid; evaporating, and crystallizing.
Virtues, the same as those of Atropia.
AT'ROPIXR, Atriipi'iia, Atrop'ia, Atrop'tum,
Atvopi'iiiim, Ilelliidon'in'n, (F.) Atropine. The
active principle of Atropn Relladoiina, separated
by Brandes, by a process similar to that for pro-
curing morphia. A single drop of a solution, of
one grain in f^'^ of distilled water with a
few drops of acetic acid, applied to the inner
surface of the lower eyelid, causes dilatation of
the pupil, in fifteen or twentj' minutes. A grain
to a drachm of lard is an application in neu-
ralgia. 1
ATTACHE. Insertion.
ATTACK, fiisiil'tiis, Assid'tiis, Irrep'tio, /lira'-
sin, Eis'bole, Lcpsia, (Prov.) Take, (F.) Attiu/iie.
A sudden attack, invasion or onset of a disease.
A seizure. One attacked or affected witli severe
disease is often said, in the United States, to be
"taken down," or to be "down" with it.
ATTAGAS, Attagen.
AT'TACJEN, At'tatjas, the Fran'colin. Cele-
brated with tlic ancients both as food and medi-
cine. — Martial, Aristophanes.
ATTANCOURT, MIXEllAL WATERS OF.
A mineral water in France, at Attancourt, in
Champagne; about three leagues nortli of Join-
ville. The water is a chalybeate, and contains
i sulphate of lime. In large doses it i,« purgative
! ATTAQUE, Attack — «. des Kerfs, Nervous
attack.
ATTAR OF ROSES, see Rosa centifolia.
ATTELLE, Splint.
ATTEXOTING, MINERAL WATERS OF.
in Bavaria. The water contains carlionic acid,
carbonates of lime and soda, sulphates of lime
and magnesia, chloride of sodium, iron and alum.
It is much used in skin diseases, fistula, old ul-
cers, calculi, and hcBmorrhoids.
ATTEX'UANTS, Attenuan'lia, Leptini'lica,
(F.) Attenuduts, Lcptontiqucs, from tenuis, 'thin.'
Me<licines which augment the fluidity of the
humours.
ATTEXUA'TION, Attenua'tio ,- same etymon.
Thinness, emaciation. A term used by the ho-
moeopathists, in tlie sense of dilution or division
of remedies into infinitesimal doses.
ATT! RANT, Attrahent.
AT'TITCIDE, Situs Cor'pnris. Low Latin,
cpfitudo ; from Latin aptare. 'to fit.' Situation,
position of the body. The attitudes are the dif-
ferent postures which man is capable of assum-
ing. In General Pathohxpi, the attitude will
often enable the physician to pronounce at once
upon the character of ii disease, or it will aid liira
materially in his judgment. In St. Vitus's dance,
in fractures, luxations, Ac, it is the great index.
It will also indicate the degree of nervous or
cerebral power; hence sinking down in bed is
an evidence of great cerebral debility in fever.
The position of a patient during an operation is
also an interesting subject of attention to the
surgeon.
ATTOL'LENS AIIREM, A. Auric' uIcp. Lcra'.
tor Aiiris, Siipe'rior Anris, Attol'lens Anric'idam,
Auricula'ris snpe'rior, (F.) Auriculaire snperieiir,
Temporo-auriculaire. A muscle of the ear, which
arises, thin, broad, and tendinous, from the
tendon of the occipito-frontalis, and is inserted
into the upper jiart of the ear, opposite to the
anti-helix. It raises the ear.
Attollexs Oculi, Rectus superior oculi— a,
Oculum, Rectus superior oculi.
A TTOUCflEMENT, Masturbation.
ATTRACTION OF AGGREGATION, Cohe-
sion, force of.
ATTRACTIVUM, see Magnet.
ATTRACTIVUS, Attrahent.
ATTRACTORIUS. Attrahent.
ATTRAHEXS AURICULAM, Anterior auris.
AT'TRAHENT, At'trahens, Attracii' cus, Al-
traeto'rius, from ad, 'to,' and traho, 'I draw.'
(P.) Attractif, Attirant. Remedies are so called,
which attract fluids to the parts to which they
are applied, as blisters, rubefacients, Ac.
ATTRAHE-LOURDAUT (F.). A bistoury
invented by a French surgeon, called Biennaise,
and used in the operation for hernia. See Bis-
touri cachd.
ATTRITA, Chafing.
ATTRITIO. Attrition, Chafing.
ATTRIT"ION, Aitri"tio, Ecthlim'ma, from
ATTRITUS
lo:
AURANTIUM
ad, and tercre, ' to bruise.' Friction or bruising. ]
Clialiu}^. — (Jalen. Also, a kind of cardialgia. —
Seniiortus. Likewise, a violent contusion.
ATTKITU8, Cliafing.
ATYP'IC, Alyit'icuH, At'ypo8, (F.) Afypiqne,
from a, privative, and rviroi, 'lyi)C.' Tlial which 1
has no type. Irre-^ular. Chiefly api)lied to an
irrefjular intermittent, — Fchris atyp'tca.
ATYl'O.s, Erratic.
AUAX.Sl.S, Drying.
AUAN'TE, Aitdji'se, from avavan, 'desicca-
tion.' Hippocrates gave this name to a disease,
the principal symptom of which was emaciation.
Atroi)hy.
AUHE-VIGNE, Clematis vitalba.
AU UK I' INK, Mespilus oxvacantha.
AUIiintaiNE, Solannm Melongena.
AUIilFOIN, Centaurea cyanus, Cyanus sege-
tum.
AUCHEN. Collnm.
AUCHKXOKRIIEUMA. Torticollis.
AUCIIE'TICUS, from avxriv, 'the neck.' One
affected with stiff neck or torticollis.
AUCTUMNUS, Autumn.
AUDE, Voice.
AliDINAC, MINERAL WATERS OF. Au-
dinac is situate in the department of Arriege,
France. The water contains a small quantity
of sulphohydric acid, carbonic acid, sulphates of
lime and magnesia, carbonates of lime and iron,
and a bituminous substance. Temp. 67° Fahr.
It is much used in chronic rheumatism, herpes,
scrofulous diseases, &c.
AUDITIF, Auditory.
AU1)1T"I0N, from andire, auditum. ' tohenr ;'
Audit" io, Aiidi'tKK, A'coe, Acne'nis, Aca'sis, (F.)
Ouie, Hearing. The act of hearing. The sen-
sation arising from an impression made on the
auditory nerves by the vibrations of the air, pro-
duced by a sonorous body. The physiology of
Audition is obscure. It proba.l)ly takes place : —
1. By the vihrations being communicated from
the membrana tympani along the chain of small
bones to the membrane of the foramen ovale.
2. By means of the air in the cavity of the tym-
panum, the meml)rane of the foramen rotundum
is agitated. .3. The transmission may be made
by means of the bony.yiarietes. In these three
■ways the vihrations produced by a sonorous body
may reach the auditory nerve. Audition may be
actii'e or passive : hence the difference between
llsteitiiir/ and simply henriiig.
AU'DITORY, Audito'rius, Aiidi'ti'rm, Aciin'-
ticHs, (F.) Audit;/. That which relates to audi-
tion.
Auditory Arteries and Veins, are vessels
.which enter the auditory canals, and are, like
them, distinguished into internal and external.
The e.rteriial auditory artery, A. Tywpanique —
(Ch.) is given off by the styloid, a branch of the
external carotid: the internal is a branch of the
basilary artery, which accompanies the auditory
nerve, and is distributed to it. The Auditory
Veins eu)pty into the internal and external ju-
gulars.
Auditory Canal, External, Mea'tns audito'.
rius exter'nuH, Alvea'rium, Scapha, Seaphus, (F.)
Conduit auditif externe, Conduit anriculaire,
commences at the bottom of the concha, at the
Fora'nieu anditi'rum extcr'num, passes inwards,
forwards, and a little downwards, and terminates
at the membrana tympnni. It is partly cartila-
ginous, iiartly osseous, and partly fibrous.
AuDiTOUY Canal, Internal. Mvn'tns audito'-
rius intrr'nus. Poms seu Sinus acus'licus, Cynr,
(F ) Conduit auditif' interne. C. labyrinthir/ue, IS
situate on the posterior surface of the pars pe-
trosa of the temporal bone. From the Fora'men
auditi'vum iuter'itum, where it commences, it
passes forwards and outwards, and terminates
by a kind of cul-de-sac, mac'ula crihro'sa, perfo-
rated by many holes, one of which is the orifice
of the Acjuwductus Falloijii ; and the others com-
municate with the labyrinth.
Auditory Nerve, Xervna audito'rius seu acus'-
ticus, Nerf lahyrinthique — (Ch.), is the Po/Z/o
Mollis of the seventh pair. It arises fi-om the
corpus restiforme, from the floor of tho fourth
ventricle, and by means of white striaj from the
sides of the calamus scriptorius. As it leaves the
encephalon, it forms a flattened cord, and pro-
ceeds with the facial nerve through the foramen
auditivum internum, and as far as the l)ottom of
the meatus, where it separates from the facial,
and divides into two branches, one going to il.e
cochlea, the cochlear ; the other to the vestibule
and semi-circular canals, the vestibular.
AUGE, Al'veus. Some of the older anatomists
gave this name to a reservoir, into which liquiils
flow in an interrupted manner, so that it is alter-
nately full and empty. Such are the ventricles
and auricles of the heart.
AUGdERE, Intcruiittent Fever.
AUGMENTA'TION, from au</ere, auctum, 'to
increase;' Atigmen'tum, Increinen'tum, Anub'asis,
Auc'tio, Auxis, Proyres'sio, Proijres'sus, Auxe'-
sis, (F.) Augment. The stage of a disease in
which the symptoms go on increasing.
AULISCUS, Canula. See Fistula.
AULOS, Canula, Fistula. See Vagina, and
Foramen.
A U MALE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Au-
male is a town of Up])er Normandy, in the coun-
try of Caux. Several springs of ferruginuus
mineral waters are found there, whose odnur is
penetrating, and taste rough and astringent.
They are tonic, and employed in debility of the
viscera, <fec.
AUMURE, Parietaria.
AUXE NOUIE, Kharanus frangnla.
AUNEE, Inula helonium — a. iJyHcnIfriiine,
Inula dysenterica — a. Officinale, Inula heleniuiu.
AURA, Pnoe. A vapour or emanation from
any body, surrounding it like an atmosphere.
Van Helmont regarded the vital principle as a
gas and volatile spirit, which he called Aura
vi talis.
In Pathology. Aura means the sensation of a
light vapour, which, in some diseases, appears
to set out from tiie trunk or limbs ; and to rise
towards the head. This feeling has been foun'l
to precede attacks of epilepsy and hysteria, and
hence it has been called Aura Epilep'tica, and
A. hyster'ica.
Aura Epileptica, see Aura — a. Ilysteiicn, see
Aura.
Aura San'guinis. The odour exhaled by blood
newly drawn. See Gaz Sanguinis.
Aura Sem'inis, A. semina'Us, Spir'itns geni-
ta'lis: — A volatile principle fancied to exist in
the sperm, and regarded by some as the fecun-
dating agent. Such is not the case.
Aura Vitalis, Vital principle.
AURAL MEDICINE AND SURGERY,
Otiatria.
AURANCUM, see Ovuib.
A URANITE, see Agaric.
AURAN'TIA CURASSAVEN'TIA,.'!. C»m»-
sav'ica, Curasso'a apples or oranges. Immature
oranges, checked, by accident, in their growth.
They are a grateful, aromatic bitter, devoid (/f
aciditj'. Infused in wine or brandy they make a
good stomachic. They are also used for issue
peas. See Citrus aurantium.
AURANTII CORTEX, see Citrus aurantium
— a. Floris Aqua, see Citrus aurantium.
AURANTIUM, Citrus aurantium.
AURELIANA CANADENSIS 108
AUTEMESIA
AURELIANA CANADENSIS, Punax quin-
quefolium.
AUREOLA. Areola.
AURI CHLORETUM CUM CHLORETO
NATRII, see Gold— a. Chloridum, Gold, muriate
of — a. Cliloretuin, Gold, muriate of — a. Cyanidum,
see Gold — a. Cj'anuretuui, see Gold — a. lodidum,
see Gold — a. loduretum, see Gold — a. et Natri
chlorureiuin, sec Gold — a. Murias, Gold, muriate
of — a. Nitro-muriiis, see Gold — a. Oxidum, see
Gold — a. Terchloridum, sec Gold — a. Tercyani-
dum, see Gold— a. Teroxidum, see Gold.
AURICHALCUM, Brass.
AimiChE. Auric' iilci, {F.) Ai(ricule, Oricnle.
Diminutive of nun's, an ear. The pavilion of
the ear. See Pavilion.
Auricles of the Heart, Aun'c'ula, A'tria,
Cttvita'teH iniiomiita'tcB, (P.) Orcillettcs, are two
cavities, one right, the other left, each communi-
cating with the ventricle of its side. These two
cavities receive the blood from every part of the
body. Into the ric/Jit auricle, the two vena; cava;
and corcjiiary vein open : into the left, the four
pulmonary veins. Chaussier calls the former the
iS'iiius of the Voice. Cava; : — the latter, the Siinis
of the I'utiiwnari/ Veins. The foliated or dog's
ear portion of each auricle is called Appen'dix
auric'u/a. See Sinus.
Auricula .Jud.e, Peziza auricula — a. Muris,
Hieracium Pilosella — a. Muris major, Hieracium
murorum.
AURICULATRE, Auricular, see Digitus — n.
PoHterieur, Retrahens auris — a. Superieur, Attol-
Icns aurem.
AURICULAR, Attricula'ria, Oric'nlar, (F.)
Auriculnire, from auricula, 'the ear.' That
■which belongs to the ear, especially to the ex-
ternal ear.
AURIC'ULAR Ar'TERIES AND VeINS, Oricu-
laires — (Ch.), are divided into anterior and jjos-
terior. The anterior are of indeterminate num-
ber. They arise from the temporal artery, and
are distributed to the meatus auditorius externus,
and to the pavilion of the ear. The posterior
auricular is given off by the external carotid,
from which it separates in the substance of the
parotid gland. When it reaches the inferior part
of the pavilion of the ear it bifurcates; one of its
branches being distributed to the inner surface
of the pavilion, the other passing over the mas-
toid process, and being distributed to the tempo-
ral and posterior aiiris muscles, &c. Before its
bifurcation it gives off the stylo-mastoid artery.
The Anterior and Posterior Auricular Veins open
into the temporal and external jugular.
Auricular Pln'Ger, (F.) Doigt auriculaire, is
the little finger, so called because, owing to its
size, it can be more readily introduced into the
meatus auditorius.
Auricular Nerves are several. 1. The au-
ricuhtr branch, Zyf/omnto-auricular, is one of
the ascemliiig branches of the cervical plexus.
It ramifies and spreads over the two surfaces of
the pavilion. 2. The aurioilnr or superficial
temporal, Temporal-cutaneous — (Ch.), is given off
from the inferior maxillary. It ascends between
the condyle of the jaw and the meatus auditorius
externus, sends numerous filaments to the meatus
and pavilion, and divides into two twigs, which
accompany the branches of the temporal artery,
and are distributed to the integuments of the
head. There is also a posterior auricular fur-
nished bv the facial.
AURI'CULARIA SAMBUCI. Peziza auricula.
AURICULARIS ANTERIOR, Anterior auris
^a. Superior, Attollens aurem.
AURICIUjE, Auricle, Pavilion of the ear.
AURIC'ULO-VENTRIC'ULAR, A'trio-ven-
tric'ular, A'trio-ventricula' ris, Auric' ulo-ventri-
cula'ris, ('F.)Auriculo-vcntriculaire. That which
belongs to thc auricles and ventricles of the heart.
The communications between the auricles and
ventricles are so called. Thc Tricuspid and 3Ii-
tral V'llrcs are auriculo-ventricular valves.
AURI'(jA. a species of bandage for the ribs,
described by Galen. See, also. Liver.
AURIGO, Icterus — a. Ncophytorum, Icterus
Infantum.
AURIPIGMENTUM, Orpiment— a. Rubrum,
Realgar.
AURIS, Ear.
AURISCALPIUM, Earpick.
AVRISCOI^'IVM, Au'riscope, from auris, 'the
ear,' and ckottcui, 'I view.' An instrument for
exploring the ear.
AURIST, Otia'ter, Otia'trus, Ear-doctor, Ear-
surcjeon ; from auris, 'the ear.' One who occu-
pies himself chiefly with the diseases of the ear
and their treatment.
AURIUM FLUCTUATIO, Rombus- a. Mar-
morata. Cerumen — a. Sibilus, Bombus — a. Soni-
tus, Bombus — a. Sordes, Cerumen — a. Susurrus,
Bombus.
A U R N E, Artemisia abrotanum — a. des
Champs, Artemisia campcstris — a. des Jardina,
Artemisia abrotanum — a. Ildle, Artemisia abro-
tanum.
AURUGO, Icterus.
AURUM, Gold — a. Chloratura, Gold, mu-
riate of — a. Chloratum natronatum, see Gold — a.
Foliatum, Gold leaf — a. in Libellis, Gold leaf — a.
Leprosum, Antimonium — a. Limatum, see Gold
— a. Muriaticum, see Gold — a. Muriaticum natro-
natum, see Gold.
AuRUM MuSi'vUM, Anrum 3fosa'icum, Sulph'-
uret of Tin, Deutosulphuret or Persulpliuret of
tin. (Qnichsilver, tin, sulphur, sal ammoniac,
aa, equal parts. The tin being first melted, the
quicksilver is poured into it, and then the whole
are ground together, and sublimed in a bolthead.
The aurum musivum lies at the bottom.) It is
used in some empirical preparations.
Aurum Oxydatum, see Gold — a. Oxydulatum
muriaticum, Gold, muriate of — a. Nitro-muriati-
cum, see Gold — a. Salitum, Gold, muriate of.
AUS'CULTATE, from auscultare, 'to listen.'
To practise auscultation. 'To auscult' is at times
used with the same signification.
AUSCULTA'TION, Ausculta'tio, Echos'cnpe,
act of listening. Buisson has used it synony-
mously with listening. Laennec introduced aus-
cultation to appreciate the different sounds which
can be heard in the chest, and in the diagnosis
of diseases of the heart, lungs, <fec. This may
be done by the aid of an instrument called a ste-
thoscoptc, one extremity of which is applied to the
ear, the other to the chest of the patient. This
mode of examination is called 3Iedlatc Ausculta-
tion, (F.) Auscultation mediate, — the application
of the ear to the chest being immediate ausculta-
tion.
The act of exploring the chest is called Stctho-
scop'ia, and Thoracoscopt'ia ; of the abdomen,
A hdo m in oscop ' ia .
AUSCULTATORY, Auscidtato'rius ,- Ans'cul-
fonj, Auscul'tic, (with some.) Belonging or hav-
ing relation to auscultation.
Auscultatory Percussion, see Acouophonia.
AUSTERE', Auste'rus. Substances which pro-
duce a high degree of acerb impression on the
organs of taste.
AUSTRUCHE, Tmperatoria.
AUTALGIA DOLOROSA, Neuralgia, facial,
Pleurodynia— a. Pruriginosa, Itching— a. Vertigo,
Vertigo.
AUTARCI'A, from avroi, 'himself,' and apKw,
'I am satisfied.' Moral tranquillity. — Galen.
AUTEMES'IA, from auroj, 'self,' and tumi,
AUTEMPRESMUS
109
AVENA
* vomiting.' Spontaneous or idiopathic vomiting.
— Alil)crt.
AUTKMPRESMUS, Combustion, human.
AUTJIE'AIEIION. A medicine which cures
on tlie day of its exhibition; from auros, 'the
same,' iiml 'ti/apa, ' day.'
AUTil V(ilAXSIS, Vis medicatrix naturte.
AUTOCIIIK, Anlofhi' run, Sidci'dit, from avTOi,
'himself,' and ;!^£(p, 'hand. One wlio has com-
mitted suicide. A .self-murderer or suicide.
AUTOCHIRIA, Suicide.
AUTOCINE'SIS, Motus volunta'rins, from
avToi, ' self,' and Kivnan, ' motion.' Voluntary
motion.
A U T C ' R A S Y, Antocrati'a, A utocmto'ria,
from oiiTo;, ' himself,' and Kparo;, ' strength.' In-
dependent force. Action of the vital principle,
or of the instinctive powers, towards the preser-
vation of the intlividual. See Vis Medicatrix
Katura}. Also, the vital principle.
AUTOCRATIA, Autocrasy, Vis Medicatrix
Natur.e.
AUTOCRATORIA, Autocrasy— a. Physiatrice,
Vis medicatrix naturaj.
AUTOCTONIA, Suicide.
AUTOG"ENOUS, from avro;, 'self,' and ycv-
*ao>, ' I generate.' A term applied by Mr. Owen
to parts or elements that are usually developed
from distinct and independent centres; as in the
case of the dilierent parts or elements that form
a vertebra.
AUTO(jONIA, Generation, equivocal.
AUTOLITIIOT'OMUS, from avros, 'himself,'
X(9os, 'a stone,' and rtitvuv, 'to cut.' One who
operates upon himself for the stone.
AUTOMAT'IC, Automat' icitu, Aiitom'atu8, (F.)
Antomatiqiie, from avTOfiarog, ' spontaneous.' That
■which acts of itself. Those movements are called
oi/^.5);in/('c which are executed without volition : —
involuntary motions, matus automat' ici seu au-
tom'ati seu iuvo/uutn'rii.
AUTOMXAL, Autumnal.
AUTOXOM'IA. Via medica'trix notu'rcB. The
■word Antoiioinid is occasionally employed by the
French and Germans for the peculiar mechanism
of an organized body. Thus, although indivi-
duals of the same species may ditier in outward
conforniaticm, their mechanism or instinctive
laws (Aniotiomin) may be the same.
AUTONYCTOBATIA, Somnambulism.
AUTOPEP'SIA, from avros, 'self,' and Trtrro),
'I concoct.' Self-digestion, — as of the stomach
after death.
AUTOPJIIA, Autopsia.
AUTOPirONY, AutojjJio'nin, (F.) Autnjihonie,
Retentiixement autopkonique, from a«rof, 'self,'
and 0ci)v>;, ' voice.' An auscultatory sign pointed
out by M. Ilourmann, which consists in noting
the character of the observer's own voice, while
he speaks with his head placed close to the pa-
tient's chest. The voice, it is alleged, will be
modified by the condition of the subjacent organs.
The resonance, thus heard, he terms reteutisse-
mcnt aictophoiiique. This diagnostic agency Dr.
R. G. Latham proposes to term heautophon' iea.
AUTOPIIOXIA. Suicide.
AUTOPHOSPIIORUS, Phosphorus.
AUTOPLAS'TIC, Autoplna'ticua, from aurof,
'self,' and irAaorixos, 'formative.' Relating to
autoplastj' or i)lastic surgery.
AUTOPy^ASTlCE. Morioplastice.
AUTOPLASTY, Morioplastice.
AUTOP'SIA, Au'topni/, from aurof, 'himself,'
and oi^if, ' vision.' Autoph' i<t, Autuscnp'ia. In-
spection ; examination by one's self; self-inspec-
tion. Often improperly used for the following:
Altop'sia Cadaveh'ica, (F.) Autopm'e ou Ou-
verture cnd<tvcriqiie. Attentive examination after
death; — Examination post mortem, Sectio Cadav'-
eris, Disaection, Nec'roacopy, Nee'ropay, Necro-
acoj)'iri, Xecroj/'aifi, Necrop'aia, — practised for
the purpose of investigating the causes and seat
of an aii'ection of v^hich a person may have
died, <ifcc.
AuTop'siA Cadaver'ica Lega'i.is, Sec'tio seu
Ohduc'tio leija'lia, is the examination after death
for medico-legal purposes.
AUTOPYROS, Syneomistos.
AUTOSCOPIA, Autopsia.
AU'TOSITE, from auroj, 'self/ and airof,
'nourishment.' A single monster, capable of
deriving nourishment from its own proper or-
gans, in contradistinction to Omplialoxiie.
AUTOTIIERAPIA, Vis medicatrix nature.
AVJlVM}^, Autum'nue, A\ictuiii'iiua. from nu-
gere,auctum, 'to increase' [?], Plilhiropo'ron, {¥.)
Autonine. One of the seasons of the year, between
the 'I'.'id of September and the 21st of l)ecember.
In all climates, the Autumn or Fall is liable to
disease; a combination of local and atmo.^pheric
causes being then present, favourable to its pro-
duction.
AUTUM'NAL, Anlumno'lin, (F.) Automnnl.
Relating to Autumn; as Autumtiul Fruits, Au-
tumnal Fevera, <tc.
Autumnal Fkver generally assumes a bilious
aspect. Those of the intermittent kind are much
more obstinate than when they appear in the
spring.
AUXESIS, Augmentation, Increase.
AUXIL'IARY, Auxilia'ria, from au.rilium,
'aid.' (F.) Aujcilitrire. That which assists, or
from wiiich assistance is obtained.
AuxiLiATtY Mi;dicine is one which assists the
principal medicine or basis. It is synonymous
with Adjuvant.
AuxiiJAKY Muscles are those which concur
in the same movement. Some anatomists have
applied the term to several ligaments, as well as
to the fleshy fibres, which hang from the sucro-
apinii/is muscle.
AUXILIUM, .Juvans, Medicament.
AUXIS, Augmentation, Increase.
AVA, Arva, K(ii;ii. An intoxicating narcotic
drink, made by chewing the Piper methisticum.
It is much used by the Polvnesians.
AVAILLES, WATERS OF. A small village
in France, II:! leagues S. S. E. of Ptiitiers, at
which there is a cold saline chalybeate. It
contains chlorides of sodium and calcium, sul-
phate and subearlionate of soda, iron, Ac.
AYANT-BOUUIIE (¥.), Oh anti'cnm. This
name has been applied by some to the mouth,
p'roi)erly so called — -in contradistinction to the
Arriere bouclie or I'haryii.c.
A V ANT- BR AS, Fore-arm.
AVANT-CCFUR, Scrobiculus cordis.
AVANT-GOUT {¥.), Pragnatu'lio. A fore-
taste ; prsvgustation.
AVASf-iMAIN (Y.), Adrer'aa Manns. The
inside of the hand, when extended.
A VANT-PIFD (F.). The most advanced part
of the foot.
A VANT-POIGNET (F.). The anterior part
of the wrist.
A VELINE, Corylus avellana, (nut.)
AVELLANA, Corylus avellana — a. Cathartica,
Jatropha curcas.
AVE'NA, liromoa. Oafs, (Prov., North of Eng-
land) Aits. The seeds of Are'7in sati'vn. Ord.
Gramineae. Sex. Syst. Triandria Digynia. (F.)
Avoine. Oats are used as food for man in some
parts, particularly in the Xorth of Entrland and
Scotland. AVhcn deprived of the husks, they
form Groata. Reduced to meal — Avenes Fari'na,
Oatmeal, (Ph. U. 8.) — they are applied as cata-
plasms to promote suppuration. The dry meal '
is sprinkled over erysipelatous parts.
AYEN.E FARINA
1 10
A XOID 0-A TLOIDIEN
Ontmca? rjruel, Wnter griief, is prepared as fol-
lows : — Take of ontmcnl, ^^ij : soft wntei; Oiss.
Rub the meal in a basin, wiUi the back of a spoon,
in a ino'ierate quantity of the water, pouring off
the fluid after the grosser particles have subsided,
but whilst the milkiness continues; and repeat
the operation until no more milkiness is commu-
nicated to the water. Put the washings in a pan,
after having stirred them well, in order to sus-
pend any fecula which may have subsided; and
boil until a soft, thick mucilage is formed.
It is a good demulcent, and is used also as a
vehicle for clysters.
AvKNA ExroRTicATA, Groats.
AVENyE FARINA, see Avena.
AVENHEIM, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Avenheim is three leagues from Strasburg: near
it is an aperient mineral water.
AVENNES. MINERAL WATERS OF.
Avennes is a village in the department of He-
rault, in France : near it is a saline spring, the
temperature of which rises to 81° Fahrenheit.
AVENS, COMMON, Oeum urbanum— a. Pur-
ple, Geum rivale — a. Water, Geum rivale — a.
White, Geum Virginianum — a. Yellow, Geum
urban nm.
A VKRICH, Sulphur.
AVERRHO'A BILIM'BT, 7?(7nn'6/, BiUmhing
teres. Orel. Oxalidea3 : called after Averrhoes.
An Indian tree, which has a fruit that is too acid
to be eaten alone. It is used as a condiment,
and in the form of syrup as a refrigerant.
AvERnno'A Caram'bolA, Ifdliim Coen'se, Pru-
num stelhi'tum, Tam'ara, Conga, Uaram'boln.
An Indian tree, whose fruits are agreeably acid.
The bark, bruised, is employed as a cataplasm,
and its fruit is used as a refrigerant in bilious
fever and dysentery.
AVER'SION, Aver'sio, Apot'rope, from aver-
tere, [a and vertere,) 'to turn from.' Extreme
repugnance for anything whatever.
A VERSION (F.) also means, in therapeutics,
the action of medicines which turn the afflux of
fluids from one organ, and direct them toothers;
being synonymous with counter-irritation, or
rather, revuhsion or derit:ation.
AYEliriN (F.). A disease of the mind,
which, according to Lavoisien, renders the pa-
tient obstinate and furious.
A VEUGLE, Csecus.
AVEUGLEMEXT, Caecitas — «. de Jour,
Nyctalopia — a. de Nin't, Hemeralopia.
AVICEN'NIA TOMENTO'SA, A. Africa'na
sen resini/'era seu nit'idn, Bnn'tia ger'minans :
called after Avicenna. Ord. Verbenaceae. The
plant which affords the Jfahxc'ca Bean or Aiia-
car'dium Orieiifd'/e of the Pharmacopoeias, i^cnfe-
car'pKn Anncar'dium. The oil drawn from the
bark of the fruit is a corrosive and active vesica-
tory, but it is not used.
AVICULA CIPRIA, Pastil— a. Margaritifera,
see Pearl.
AVOry, Avena.
AVON, MINERAL WATERS OP. Avon
Springs are in the State of New York, on the
eastern branch of the Genesee river, 18 miles
from Rochester. There are three sulphureo-saline
and one iodine spring. They are applicable to
the same set of cases as the Sharon Springs.
AVORTEMENT, Abortion— a. Provoqtie, see
Parturition.
AYORTER, to Abort.
AVORTIN, Abortion,
AVORTON, Abortion.
A VIJLSIO, Arrachement.
AVULSION, Evulsion.
AX, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ax is a
small town in the department of Arriege, France;
where there are several sulphurous springs, the
temperature of which varies from 77° to 162° of
Fahrenheit.
^A'^, Axis— ri. de VCEil, Axis of the eye.
AX'EA COMMISSU'RA, TrocIwV des. A
pivot-joint. See Trochoid.
A X e n K o r p e r, Corpuseula tactds.
AXES, Intermittent, Paroxysm.
AXILE BODIES, Corpuseula tactfls.
AXIL'LA, Ala, Aseel'lft, Asuel'ltt, Ascifla,
Accl'la, Cordis ennnicto'ritim, Male, Hyjio'mia,
Fo'ccn axilla'rin, Mas'chale, Mas'elialis, (Sc. and
Prov.) Oxtar, Oxter, (F.) Ainaclle. The cavity
beneath the junction of the arm with the shoulder;
the armpit ; (F.) Crcuxdel'Alnselfe. It is bounded,
anteriorly, by a portion of the pectoralis major;
posteriorly, by the latissimus dorsi. It is covered
with hair, contains much areolar membrane, lym-
phatic ganglions, important vessels and nerves,
an<l numerous sebaceous follicles, furnishing an
odorous secretion. In consequence of such secre-
tion, the ancients called it evuincto'riitm cordis.
AX'ILLARY, Maschnlim'us, (F.) Ax ilia ire,
from axilla, 'the armpit.' Belonging to the
armpit.
AxiLLAliY Artery, Arte'ria nxilln'ris; a con-
tinuation of the subclavian, extending from the
passage of the latter between the scaleni muscles
as far as the insertion of the pectoralis major,
when it takes the name of lirndiial.
Axillary Glands are lymphatic glands seated
in the armpit; into which the lymphatic glands
of the upper extremity open.
Axillary Nervr, Cir'cumflex N., Scnp'nlo-
hu'meral (Ch.), Nerf circonflcxe, Artiv.'ular nerve;
arises from the posterior part of the brachial
plexus, particularly from the last two cervical
pairs and the first dorsal. It is chiefly distri-
buted to the posterior margin of the deltoid.
Axillary Vein, Venn Axilla' ris. Vena Sxba-
la'ris. This vein corresponds vcith the artery;
anterior to which it is situate. It is a continua-
tion of the hracln(d veins ; and, at its termina-
tion, assumes the name Suhclnviun.
AXINE, Ascia.
AXIRNACH. An Arabic word, used by Al-
bucasis to designate a fatty tumour of the U|)per
eyelid, observed particularly in children.
AXIS, Axon, (F.) Axe. A right line which
passes through the centre of a body.
Axis, Cerebro-Spinal, see Encephalon — a.
of the Cochlea, Modiolus — a. Cranio-Spinai, see
Encephalon — a. Cylinder of Nerve, see Nerve
fibre — a. Coeliac, Coeliac artery.
Axis op the Eye, (F.) Axe de I'wil, called
also, Vis'ual Axis and Optic Axis, is a right line,
which falls perpendicularly on the eye, and passes
through the centre of the pupil.
Axis, H^mal, Aorta — a. Neural, see Ence-
phalon.
Axis, is also the second vertebra of the neck.
Axon, EpistropJi'eiis, Epts'troplnis, Maschnrister t
Ver'tebra Denta'ta, (F.) Essien. So called, be-
cause it forms a kind of axis on which the head
moves. Chaussier calls it Axoule, from ufuv,
'axis,' and tccSoj, 'shape.'
AXLETEETH, Molar teeth.
AXOIDE, Axis— rt. Occipitale, Rectus capitis
posticus major.
AXOID'O-ATLOTD'EUS. -What refers to both
the axis and atlas, as.4.ro/,/o-«?/o,V/ff,)i articulation.
The lesions of the Axoido-atloidean, are, 1.
Fracture of the Proces'sus Dcnta'tus. 2. Rujiture
of the odontoid ligament, and consequently pas-
sage and pressure of the process behind the trans-
verse ligament : and, ?,. The simultaneous rupturo
of the odontoid and transverse ligaments. These
different accidents are fatal.
AXOIDO-ATLOIDIEX, Obliquus inferior
capitis.
AXON
111
BACCIIIA
AXO^r. Axis.
AXONGE, Adeps prseparatus.
AXUN(iE, Adeps prtcparatus.
AXUNGIA, Pin«,'uod(i— a. Gadi, Oleum Jecoris
Apclli — a. de Mumia, Marrow — a. Articuliiris,
Synovia — a. Piscina Marina, Oleum Jecoris Aselli
— a. Pnrcina, Adeps pracparatus.
AYPNIA, Insomnia.
AZALEA PROCUMBENS, Loiseleuria pro-
cum liens.
AZAKNET, Orpimcnt.
AZAKL'M, A.siirum — a. Caharet, Asarum.
AZEDARACH, Melia Azedaraeh.
AZEDARACHA AMffiNA, Melia Azedarach.
AZO'IC, Azn'lvun, same etymon as Azote. De-
void of life. The "Azoic period" oi the geologist
is tliiit before any living being appeared.
AZOODYNA'MIA, from a, priv., ^w;?, 'life,'
and huvaiiii, 'strength.' Privation or diminution
of the vital powers.
AZORES, CLIMATE OP. The Azores or
Western Islands are said to afford one of the best
examples of a mild, humid, eciuable climate, to
be met with in the nortliern hemisphere. It is
slightly colder and moister than that of Madeira,
but even more ecjuable. Sir James Clark thinks,
that a change from the Azores to Madeira, and
thence to TeneriHe — ^one of the Canaries — would
prove more beneficial to the phthisical valetudi-
narian than a residence during the whole winter
in any one of those islands.
AZOTAS IIYDRARGYRTCUS LIQUIDUS,
pec llydrargyri nitras — a. Ilydrargyroso — ammo-
nicus, see llydrargyri oxydum cincreiim — a.
Hydrargyrosus, Hydrargri nitras — a. Potassicus,
Potassit; nitras.
AZOTATE, Nitrate — a. d'Ai-fjent, Argcnti
rifras — a. de Mcrcure, llydrargyri nitras — <u de
J/ercure et d'nmmoniaqiie, see llydrargyri oxy-
dum cinereum — a. de P/omb, Plumbi nitras — a.
de Potdnne, Potassaj nitras.
A'ZOTE, Azo'tiini, hom a, priv., and ^wr/, 'life.'
N^i'ti'of/eii, Alcaliijene, Gus azo'tivuiii, Kitro-
(jen'iuiii, Sejyton, (F.) Azote, A^itroi/cnc, Mofctte,
Air f/at4, Air viciS, is a gas which is unfit for re-
spiration. It is not positively deleterious, but
proves fatal owing to the want of oxygen. It is
one of the constituents of atmospheric air, and a
distinguishing principle of animals. Vegetables
have it not generally diffused, whilst, it is met
with in most animal substances. It has been
variously called, plilof/istic air, initiated air, &c. ;
lias been looked upon as sedative, and recom-
mendeil to be respired, when properly diluted, iu
diseases of the chest.
Azote, PnoToxmE of, Nitrogen, gaseous ox-
ide of.
AZOTE, Nitrogenized.
AZOTED, Nitrogenized.
AZOTE NESES, from azoic, and voaoq, 'dig-
ease.' Diseases fancied to be occasion .i by the
predominance of azote in the body.— Baumes.
AZOTIC ACID, Nitric acid.
AZOTIZED. Nitrogenized.
AZOTURIA, see Urine.
AZTEC CHILDREN, see Nanus.
AZUR, Coral, Smalt.
AZU'RIUM. A compound of two parts of
mercury, one-third of sulphur, and one-fourth of
sal ammoniac. — Albertus Magnus.
AZ'\GES, Az'i/f/os, Az'yyoHS, sine ptiri, from
a, priv., and ^uyof, 'equal.' Unequal. The
iphenoid bone, because it has no fellow. Also, a
process, Proceii'tiis Az'i/yes, Pontnim uplieiioida'le,
projecting from under the middle and forepart
of this bone.
AZYGOS GANGLION, see Trisplanchnie
Nerve.
AZYGOUS ARTICULAR ARTERY^ see Ar-
ticular arteries of the skull.
AzYGoiis Mi'scr,i:,^2_i/7()« IJ'vaJa, is the small
muscle which occupies tiie sul)Stance of the uvula.
— Morgagni. The name is, however, inappro-
priate, as there are two distinct fasciculi, placed
along-side each other, f(jrming the P<il'ato-8ta-
plii//i'iii. Staphyli'iii or EpintuphijU'iii muscles,
Sliiplii/li'ui me'dii of '\Vin^low.
AZYGOIIS PUOCKSS, OF TIIE SlMIEXOID, SCO
Azyges.
AzYGOnS Vein, Vena Azi/r/os, Veine Prilombo-
thoracique — (Ch.), Vena nine j'ci, Vena pari
carenn, (F.) Veinc sani Paire. This vein was so
called by Galen. It forms a communication be-
tween the V. cava inferior and V. cava nnperior,
permitting the blood to pa.-is freely between the
two. It rises from the vena cava inferior, or
from one of the lumbar or renal veins, passes
through the diajihragm, ascends along the spino
to the right of the aorta and thoracic duet, and
opens into the V. cava superior, where it pene-
trates the pericardium. On the left side, the
SEMI-Az'ygos, Left bron'chial or left snperior iu-
tercon'tal rein, ]^cna demi-azipjon, V. henii-az'i/ga,
Veine petite prelonibd-tlioraciqne — (Ch.), presents,
in miniature, nearlv the siime arrangement.
AZYMIA HUMORUxM, Crudity of Vhe hu-
mours.
AZ'YMUS, from a, priv., and ^i'/i>/, 'leaven.'
Azy nious bread is unfermented, unleavened bread.
— Galen.
AZZLE-TEETH, Molar teeth.
B.
BATiEURnE. Buttermilk.
BA niL LEMEM T, Loquac ity.
BABUZICARIUS, Incubus.
BABY. Infans.
BAC'-VRIS, Bach'arin. A name given by the
ancients to an ointment, described by Galen
under the name Ointment of Lydia. It was
sometimes employed in diseases of the womb. —
Hippocrates.
BACC.E BERMUDENSES, Sapindus sapo-
naria — b. seu (irana actes. see Sambucus ebulus
b. Jujubiv. Jujube — b. Jlyrtillorum. see Vacoi-
uium niyrtillus — b. Norlaudica;, Rubus arcticus
— b. Piperis Glabri, see Piper Cubeba — b. Pisca-
toriae, see Menispermum eocculus — b. Zizyphi,
see Jujube.
BACCAR, Bac'carin, Bnc'charix. An herb
used by the ancients in their garlands, to destroy
enchantment. Perhaps, the Diijilalis jjvrjturen.
Some authors have erroneously thought it to be
the Axarnm.
BACCHARIS. Baccar.
B.vc'ciIAms Hai-tmifo'lia, Gronndneltree ; Or-
der, Composita3 ; indigenous; is used as a demul-
cent to allay cough, in the form of decoction.
BACCHI'A, from Bacchus, 'the god of wiue.'
BACCniCA
112
BALANORRHAGIA
A name applied to the red or pimpled face of the
drunkiird. See Gutta rosea.
BACCHICA. Hcdera helix.
BACCIV'OKOUS, nacciv'onis, (F.) Bacchorc,
from bacca, ' a berry,' aud coro, ' I devour.' Liv-
ing on berries.
BACIIARIS, Biicaris.
BACHELOR'S BUTTONS, see Strychnos nux
vomii'ii.
BA CHER'S TOXIC PILLS, Pilul® ex Helle-
boro et Myrrha.
BACILE, Crithraum maritimum.
BACILLAR LAYER OP THE RETINA,
Tunica .Jacobi.
BACIL'LUM, BadUus, Bac'iilim, Bac'cnlus:
'a stick.' This name has been applied to a kind
of troch, composed of expectorants, and having
the shape of a stick. Also, a suppository. Bncil-
lum was used by the ancient chemists for several
instruments of iron.
BACK, Dorsum. ♦
BACK-ACH ROOT, Liatris.
BACKBONE, Vertebral column.
BACKSIDE, Nates.
BACKSPHKNT, Vei-tebral column.
BACKSTROKE OF THE HEART, Impulse,
diastolic.
BACOBOTRYS PICTA, Saoria.
BACOVE, Musa sapientum.
BACTYRILOBIUM FISTULA, Cassia fistula.
BACULUS, Bacillum.
BAD, Sick.
BADEN, MINERAL WATERS OF. Baden
is a town six miles from Vienna, Here are 12
springs, containing carbonates of lime and mag-
neisa; sulphates of lime, and magnesia, and
soda; and chlorides of sodium and aluminum.
The water is used in diseases of the skin, rheu-
matism, &c.
There are two other towns of the same name ;
one in Suabia, and the other in Switzerland,
about 12 miles from Ziirich, where are mineral
springs. The waters of the last two are thermal
suliihureous.
BADEN-BADEN, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Celebrated thermal springs, situate about a league
from the high road to Basle and Frankfort. Their
temperature varies from 1.30° to 154° Fahrenheit.
Their situation is beautiful, and they are much
frequented.
BADENWEILER, MINERAL WATERS OF.
B. is in Baden, about a league to the westward
of Miillheim. The waters are thermal (87° of
Fahr.), and contain carbonate of lime, sulphuret
and chloride of calcium, and chloride of magne-
sium.
BADER, Bather.
BADIAGA. A kind of sponge, sold in Russia,
the powder of which is said to take away the livid
marks from blows and bruises in a fev? hours.
Its nature is not understood.
BADIANE, Illicium anisatum.
BADJSIS, Walking.
BADLY, Sick.
r>ADUKKA. Capparis badukka.
BAG, DUSTING, see Dusting-bag — b. of
Waters, see Liquor Amnii.
BAGEDIA, Pound.
BAGGIE, Abdomen.
BAGNERES-ADOUR, MINERAL WATERS
OF. Bagneres-Adour is a small town in the de-
partment of HantM Pyrenees, having a great
number of mineral springs ; some, cold chaly-
beates ; others, thermal salines j but the greatest
part sulphureous and warm.
BAGNERES DU LUCHOISr is a small town
in the dep.'irtment of Hante Garonne, on the
frontiers of Spain. It has been for a long time
famou<! for its numerous sulphureous springs,
the temperature of which is from 09° to 148° of
Fahrenheit. .
BAGNIGGE WELLS. A salino mineral sprmg
of London, resembling the Epsom.
BAGNIO, B<ii;/no!rc.
BAGNOLES, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Biignoles is a village in the department of Ornc.
The water resembles that of Bur/neren dr Luchon,
BAGNOLS, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bag-
nols is a village, two leagues from Mendo, in the '
departniemt of Lozere. The waters are hydro-
sulphurous and thermal: 109° Fahrenheit.
BAGOAS, Castratus.
BAOUENAUDIER, Colutea arboresccns.
BAHA'MA ISLANDS, CLIMATE OF. The
climate of the Bahamas is not considered to bo
well adapted for consumptive patients, on ac-
count of the rapid alternations of temperature,
and the prevalence of winds, often of a dry, cold
character. Still, the phthisical valetudinarians
from most portions of the United States might
derive advantage from a residence there during
the winter months. The accommodations are
not, however, good, or numerous.
BAHEL, Cdlum'nea loiujifo'lio. A labiatcd
plant of Malabar, whose leaves, bruised, are ap-
plied as cataplasms to suppurating tumours.
Bahel Schulli, Genista spinosa Indica.
BAIGNEUB, Bather.
BAIGNOIRE, (F.) Bap'iate'riwn, a Balliivrj
tub, Bugnio, So'litim, Placi'na. The vessel or
place in which bathing is performed. Bttii/nairc
nctdnire, an eye-bath, — a small vessel for bathing
the eyes. See Scaphium oculare.
BAILEY'S SPRING, see Alabama, Mineral
Waters of.
BAILLEMENT, Yawning.
BAILLON, Speculum oris.
BAIN, Bath — &. Chaud, Bath, hot— &. Eke-
fn'qne, Bath, electric, see Electricity — b. Entier,
Bath, general — b. de Fanteuil, Bath, hip — h.
Frais, Bath, tepid— 6. Froid, Bath, cold—?*. Hij-
(jienique, see Bath — b. Mnrie, Bath, water — h.
Jlledicinnl, Bath, medicated — b. de Jller, Bath,
sea — i. de Pied, Bath, foot, Pediluvium — b. de
Sable, Bath, san'd — b. de Sieye, Bath, hip — /).
Simjile, see Bath — h. Tempere, Bath, tepid, B.
Temperate — b. de 'fete, Bath, head — b. Tilde,
Bath, tepid — b. T res froid, Bath, cold — h. de
Vapeiir, Bath, vapour.
BAINE, Bath.
BAINS, MINERAL WATERS OF. These
are situated at Plombieres, department of the
Vosges. They are said to be saline and thermal
by some; others deny them any medical pro-
perties.
BAIRN. Infans.
BAIRNWORTS, Bcllis.
BALAMPULLI. Tamarindus.
BALANCE. AEROSTATIC, Areometer.
BAL'ANCEMENT, Gomponsa'tlon. from (F.)
balance, 'a balance,' itself from bin, 'twice,' and
lanx, 'a dish.' A law of teratogeny, as- main-
tained by GeofFroy St. Hilaire, by which exube-
rance of nutrition in one organ is supposed to
involve, to a greater or less extent, the total or
partial atrophy of some other, aud conversely.
BALANDA, Facus Sylvatica.
BALANEUM, Bath.
BALANISMUS, Suppository.
BALANITE CONTAGIEUSE, see Gonor-
rhoea.
BALANITIS, Gonorrhoea spuria.
B ALAN OBLENNORRHCEA, Gonorrhoea
spuria.
BALANOCASTANUM, Bunium Bulbocasta-
num.
BALANORRUAGIA, see Gonorrhea.
BALANORRIKEA
113
BALSAM
BALANORRIKEA, Gonorrhoea spuria.
BALANOS PIKKNICOS, Dale.
BA'LAN'L'8, (iuXavo?, 'glans,' 'an acorn.' The
glaus nonis. Hence, liulmioldennorrh'e' a, Blen-
norrhiuii of the ghins ; and BalanvttH, Inflainma-
tiiin of the {;hui8. Suppositories and pessaries
were called liid'ani.
B.u, \Ni;s, Glans, Suppository — b. Myrepsica,
Guilaiidliia nioringa.
BALARUC, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ba-
laruc is a town in the depiirtuient of Ilerault,
in France. The waters are saline and thermal.
They contain carbonic acid, carbonate of lime,
carbonate of magnesia, chlorides of sodium, cal-
cium, and nia;;ne.sium, sulphate of lime, and a
little iron. They are considered tonic, and are
largely used. Their temperature is about 118°
Fahrenheit.
Balaiiuc Water, FACTiT"tous, (F.) Emi de
JJalnnic ; Ar/mi Jlellilncu'iia is made of simple
acidu/onn water (containing twice its hulk of car-
bonic acid) i'^\xss; chloride of sodium, 3''''';
chloride of culciiim, gr. xviij ; chloride of mag-
nesium, gr. Ivi; carbonate of majnesia, gr. j.
BALATKO, Bambalio.
BALAUSTINE FLOWERS, see Punica gra-
natum.
BALBIS, (3uA/?if, 'a foundation.' Any oblong
cavity. — Galen, lliiipocrates, in his treatise on
the joints, gives the name Itulbito'dea to the ole-
cranon cavity of the humerus.
BALIUIS. (F.) /%i(e. One habitually affected
with stiiinmci'ing. A stammerer.
JiA L II I ■ TIKMENT, Balbuties.
BALBU'TLES, Psellis'mns, Psel'lotes, Bla:'-
titas, Jhtri/tj/os'sin, JDijsla'lia, 3fo(jila'lia, Ischo-
pho'nia, liattaris'mus, Bamha'lia, IIcBsita'tio,
Loque'ld hlat'iin, Tituba'tio Linijua, (F.) Jialbu-
tiemcnl, Jlnjaicmeitt, Iihjo\)ime»t, Stuttering,
Stammering, Hammering, (Prov.) Tntt'erimj,
St, Viliis's Dituce of the Voice, (Sc. ) Hab'beriiuj,
ffdbbliiii/. Also, vicious and incomplete pronun-
ciation, in which almost all the consonants are
replaced hy the letters B and Lj Traidis'miis.
BALCllUS, Bdellium.
BALU, Athri.x.
BALDMONEY, TEthusa meum.
BALDNESS, Alopecia, Calvities — b. Limited,
Porrigo (localvans — b. Partial, Porrigo decalvans.
B.\l>ENAS, Leviathan penis.
BALIMBA(50. Hibiscus populous.
BALINEATOR, Bather.
BALINEUM, Bath.
BALL, I'ihi— b. of the Eye, Pupil.
BALLISMUS, Chorea.
BALLI8TA, Astragalus.
BALLOClv-GRASS, Orchis mascula.
BALLON. Receiver.
BA L L OXSKMKNT, Tympanites.
BALLO'TA FOi'TIDA, B. vuhja'ris seu nigra,
Marru'bitiin iiii/nim, Black Horehouwd, Stinking
H., (F.) Jlarnibe noir. Ord. Labiatae. Sex.
Syst. Didynaniia Gymnospermia. This plant is
esteemed to be antispasmodic, resolvent, and
detersive. (?)
Ballota Lana'ta, Leonu'rus lana'tus, (F.)
Ballote cotnnnense. A plant which grows in
Siberia. The whole plant, with the exception of
the root, has been recommended in dropsy, and
in rheumatism and gout, as a diuretic. It is
u.sually given iu decoction (5ss to ^j to f5viij
of water).
BALLOTE COTOXXEUSE, Ballota lanata.
BALLOTTEMEXr, (F.) Mouvcncnt de Bal-
lottenteut, Agita'tion, SuccnsSiion, Jieperciis'sion,
means the motion impressed on the foetus in
utero, by alternately pressing the uterus by
means of the index finger of one hand intro-
duced into the vagina; the other hand being
applied on the abdomen. It is one of the least
ecjuivocal signs of pregnancy.
BALLS, DEER, Elaphomyces granulatus.
BALLSTON SPA. This village is situate in
Saratoga County, New York. The spring Sans
Souci belongs to the class of Acidulous Chaly-
beates. It contains iodide of sodium. There is
also a sulphur spring.
BAL.M, Melissa — b. Apple, Momordica bal-
samina — b. Bastard, Melifis Melissophylluin — b.
of Gilcad, Solomon's, see Tinctura cardauiomi —
b. of Gilead, Poplar, Populus candicans — b. of
Gilead tree, Dracocephalum Canariense — b. In-
dian, Trillium latifolium — b. Mountain, Monarda
coceinea — b. Red, Monarda eoccine.a — b. Scarlet
rose, Monarda coceinea — b. Stinking, Hedeoma.
BALMONY, Chelone glabra.
BALNEA CCENOSA, Bone dcs eatix.
BALNEARIUM, Hypocaustum.
BALNEARIUS, Bather.
BALNEATOR, Bather.
BALNEOG'RAPHY, Balneograph'ia, from
Pa'Xavuov, 'a bath,' and ■yi><'(pvt 'a description.'
A description of baths.
BALNEOL'OGY, Bahicolng"ia, from 0a\a.
vtiov, 'a bath,' and Aoyoj, 'a description.' A
treatise on baths.
BALNEOTHERAPI'A, from BaUrtiov, ' a
bath,' and OtpnTrtia, 'treatment.' Treatment oi
disease by baths.
BALNEUM, Bath— b. Acidum, Bath, acid —
b. Alkalinum, Bath, alkaline — b. Aniniale, Bath,
animal — b. Antipsoricum, Bath, antipsoric — b.
Anti-sypiiiliticum, Bath, antisy]>hilitic — b. Are-
na), Bath, sand — b. Gclatinosum, Bath, gelatinous
— b. Maria', Bath, water — b. Marinum, Bath, sea
— b. Maris, Bath, water — b. Medicatum, Bath,
medicated — b. Sulphuris, Bath, sulphur.
BALSAM, JSal'samum, Barsamiin, Bol'esnn,
Bel'eson, (F. ) B<nime. This name is given to
natural vegetable substances, concrete or liquid,
but very odorous, bitter, and piquant: composed
of resin, benzoic acid, and sometimes of an es-
sential oil — which allow benzoic acid to be dis-
engaged l^y the action of heat; readily dissolved
in volatile oil, alcohol, and ether; and, when
treated with alkalies, afford a soluble benzoate,
and throw down resin. We know of only five
balsams — those of Peru, and Tolu, Benzoin, s<did
Styrax or Storax, and liquid Styrax. (See those
different words.) There are, however, many phar-
maceutical preparations and resinous substances,
possessed of a balsamic smell, to which the name
baham has been given ; but they differ essentially
in composition and jiroperties : hence the dis-
tinction of balsams into natural and artificial.
The natural balsams include the five before men-
tioned ; the artificial the remainder.
Balsam, Acots'tic, Bal'samum Amns'ticum,
(F.) Baiime acoustique. A mixture of fixed and
essential oils, sulphur, and tinctures of fetid
gums. Used in eases of atonic deafness, dropped
into the ear. The acoustic baham of Dr. Hugh
Smith is made by mixing three drachms of ox-
gall, with one drachm of balsam of Peru.
Balsam, American, see Myroxylon Peruiferum
— b. Anodyne, Bates's, Linimentum saponis et
opii.
Balsam, Apoplec'tic, Bal'samum Apoplec'ti-
cum, Bal'samus Apoplec'ticus, (F.) Baume Apo-
plectique. A medicine composed of several bal-
sams properly so called, resins, and volatile oils.
It is of a stiff consistence, is Worn in ivory
boxes about the person, and is smelled at in
headaches, Ac.
Balsam Apple, Momordica balsamina.
Balsam op Ai(C(e'us, Bal'samum Arccei, Un-
guen'tum El'etni, (F.) Baume d'Arcoeiis. A soft
ointment; sometimes employed iu wounds, ul-
BALSAM
114
BALSAM
cers, (fee. It is made by melting, with a gentle
heat, two parts of mutton suet, one of lard, one
and a half of turpentine, and as much resin.
B A I.SAM, Calaba, see Fugara octandra.
Balsam, Canada, see Pinus balsamea — b. Ca-
nary, Dracocephalum Canariense — b. Capivi,
Copaiba.
Balsam of CARPA'TniA, B. Cdrpa'tJn'nn, BctV-
snmuiii Uiirpnth'icum, (F.) Bdiniie de Curpatlile.
The resin of the Piiiun Ceinbra, a tree, which
grows in Switz.erland, Libya, and the Krapae
mountains in Hungary.
Balsam, Ciialy'bkatk, BaJ'scimiim Chah/hea'-
tinii, (F.) Bimnie d'acier ou d'ai{/i()lles. A mix-
ture of nitrate of iron, alcohol, and oil, prepared
by dissolving needles in nitric acid. It was for-
merly employed in friction in pains of the
joints.
Balsam, Commander's, Tincturabenzoini cora-
posita — b. for Cuts, Tinctura benz.oini coniposita.
Balsam, Cor'dial, op Sennkr'tus, B<d'sa)i\iirn
Cordia'le Seinier'ti, (F.) Bniune curdiale de Scn-
ftert. A stimulant medicine, composed of the
essential oils of citron, cloves, and cinnamon, of
musk, and ambergris. Dose, 6 to 15 drops.
Balsam of Fikuabras. A celebrated Spanish
vulnerary balsam, mentioned by Cervantes ; the
composition of which was oil, rosemary, salt, and
■wine. (?)
Balsam, Spiu'itiioiis, of Fioraventi, Bal'-
samum Fioraceii'ti spiritiw'sum, (F.) Bauiiie <le
Fiord venti spiritueiix. Different products of the
distillation of resinous and balsamic substances,
and of a number of aromatic substances, pre-
viously macerated in alcohol, have been thus
called. The Spirituous Balsam of Fioraventi,
the only one now used in friction, in chronic
rheumatism, is the first product of the distillation
from a sand-bath. It is entirely alcoholic. The
OiI)j B(dsfiiii of Fioraventi is obtained by re-
moving the residue, and distilling it in an iron
vessel, at a white heat. It has the appearance
of a citrine-coloured oil. The Black Balsam of
Fioraventi is the black oil, obtained when the
temperature is sufficient to carbonize the sub-
stances in the cucurbit.
Balsam of Fir, see Pinus balsamea.
Balsam of Fourcroy or of Labordk, (F.)
Baume de Foitrcroy ou de Lahorde. A kind of
liniment composed of aromatic plants, balsams,
resins, aloes, turpentine, theriac, and olive oil.
Used in chaps of the skin and nipples.
Balsam, Friar's, Tinctura benzoini composita.
Balsam of Genevieve, (F.) Baume de Gene-
vieve. An ointment composed of wax, turpen-
tine, oil, red saunders, and camphor. Used in
contused wounds, gangrene. <fee.
Balsam op Honey (Hill's). A tincture made
of tola, hone// (aa Ibj) and spirit (a gallon). A
pectoral, used in coughs. The committee of tlie
New York College of Pharmacy recommend the
following formula —(6'»m Benzoin, ^v, Bals.
Tolut. f^\. Mellis gviij, Aloohol. Oiij— 'digest for
10 days and filter). See Mel.
Balsam of IIorehound (Ford's). A tincture
of horehound, liquorice-root, camphor, opium,
benzoin, dried squills, oil of aniseed, and honey.
It h:is the same properties as the above. See
Marrubium.
Balsam. Hungarian, see Pinus mnghos.
Bausam, Hypxot'ic, BaVsamum Hi/pnot' ieum,
(F.) Banme Hiipnntique. A preparation of which
opmtn, hyoscyamus, camphor, and some other
sedative substances, form the basis. It is used
externally in friction, to provoke sleep.
Balsam, Hystrr'ic, BaCsamum Hyster'icum.
(F_.) Baume Hi/sterique. A preparation made of
opium, aloes, asafoetida, castor, distilled oils of
rue, amber, &c. It is held to the nose, applied
to the navel, or rubbed on the hypogastrium in
hysterical cases.
Balsam, Indian, see Myroxylon peruiferum.
Balsam, Iod'i'RETted, Bal'snmum iodnrci'um,
(F.) Banme hi/driodate, B. iodurf, Gclee coiitre
le (/ottre. A balsam used in the way of friction,
in goftre, at Lausanne, in Switzerland. It may
be made as follows — animal soap, 00; iodide «/
potassium, 42 ; alcohol lit 85°, 500 ; essence of
lemon, 4 parts. The iodide is dissolved in tlie
alcohol, which is added to the soap melted in a
water-bath. The whole is then filtered, and put
into bottles.
Balsam op Leictoure, of Condom or Vince-
GTTEUE, Bal'samum Lectoren'se. A strongly sti-
mulant and aromatic mixture of camphor, saffron
nuisk, and ambergris, dissolved in essential oils.
The ancients burnt it for the purpose of purifying
the air of a chamber, when infected with a dis-
agreeable odour.
Balsam op Life of Hopf'mann, Bal'snmum
Vitcp, Jlojfmau'ni, (F.) Baume de Vie d'llnffmnnw,
A tincture, composed of essential oils and amber-
gris, enjplo.yed internally and externally as a
stimulant. A mixture of essential oils without
alcohol constitutes the Saxon Balsam, Bal'samum
apoplcc'ticum, B. aromat' icum. B. ccpJitd'ivnm, B,
Saxoii'icnm, B. nervi'num, B. ScHEliZERl, B. Sto-
mach'icum. Employed in friction as a stimulant.
Balsam op Life, Decoetuin aloes compositum
— b. of Life, Turlington's, see Tinctura benzoini
composita.
Balsam op Locatel'li or Lttcatel'li, Bal'-
samum Lueatel'li, (F.) Baume de Lucatel. A sort
of ointment, composed of wax, oil, turpentine,
sherry, and balsam of Peru, coloured with red
saunders. It was once administered in pulmo-
nary consumption.
Balsam of Mecca, see Amyris opobalsamum
— b. Mexican, see Myroxylon Peruiferum — b.
Natural, see Myroxylon Peruiferum.
Balsam, Green, op Mktz, Bal'samum Vir'ide
Mcten'sium, B. Vir'ide, (F.) Banme vert de Metz,
Baume de Fenillct, JInile verte, O'leum o.r'i/r/j
cupri vir'ide. This is composed of several fi.\c(l
oils, holding, in solution, subcarbonate of copper,
sulphate of zinc, turpentine, aloes, and the es-
sential oils of cloves and juniper. It is green
and caustic, and is employed to hasten the cica-
trization of atonic ulcers.
Balsam, Nkphrit'ic, op Fuller, Bal'sumnm
Nephril'icum Fulleri. A liquid medicine, com-
posed of oils, resins, and balsams, which have
experienced an incipient state of carbonization
from concentrated sulphuric acid. It was f;iven
in the dose of 15 to 30 drops in certain affections
of the kidneys.
Balsam, Nervoi:s, Bal'saynum Nervi'nnm,
(F. ) Banme ncrvin ou nerval. A kind of oint-
ment, composed of fatty bodies, volatile oils,
balsam of Peru, camphor, Ac. It is employed
in friction in cases of sprains and rheumatic
pains.
Balsam, Paralyt'io, op Mynsiciit. A sort
of liniment or soft mixture of the essential oils
of different aromatic plants, oils of turpentine
and amber. — Lomery.
Balsam of Parei'ra rrava, Bal'samum Pn-
rei'rcp. brarcp.. A soft mixture of balsam, resin,
muriate of ammonia, and powder of the root of
Pareira brnvn. It is given internally, to excite
the urinary secretion.
Balsam, Peruvian, see Myroxylon Peruife-
rum— b. of Peru, red, see Tohlifera bnlsamum-
b. of Peru, white, see Myroxvlon Peruiferum.
Balsam OF Rackasi'ra or of Rak.vsi'ri. Thia
.substance is of a yellowish-brown colour; semi-
transparent; fragile, when dry, but softenin? by
heat; adhering to the teeth, when chewed. U
BALSAMADENDRON
115
BAMBOO
has a smell similar to that of the Balsam of Tolu,
and is slightly bitter. It is brought from India
in gourd shells, and has been employed in dis-
eases of the urinary and genital organs, especially
in gonorrhoea.
Balsam, Riga. Prepared from the shoots of
the Scotch Fir, macerated in spirit of wine. In-
terualli/, stimulant and diuretic; exteriiaUy, a
vulnerary. Sec Pinus Cembra.
Balsam oi' Satiiiin, Ihil'samum Sntur'ni. A
solution of acetate of lead in spirit of turpentine,
concentrated by evaporation ; to which camphor
has been added. This balsam was applied to
hii.'ten the cicntrization of wounds.
Balsam of tub Samar'itan, (F.) Bnvme du
Sdiiiiin'tain. A sort of liniment, prepared by
boiling together, at a gentle heat, equal parts of
wine and oil. It is said to have been the oint-
ment used by the Samaritan of the Gospel to
cure a patient covered with ulcers.
Balsam, Saxox, Balsam of Life of Hoffmann.
Balsam op Sulphur, lial'sKmum Snl'phnrls,
(F.) Ihtnme de Sou/re. A solution of suljjhur in
oil. — fi. sulph. aniHn'tiim, (F.) 11. de Son/re anise.
A solution of sulphur in essential oil of aniseed;
given as a carminative. — B. Sidph. succiiia'tum,
(F.) li. de S'lufre aiiccinf. A solution of sulphur
in oil of amber. — D. Sidphnrin terehinthitid'tum,
Common Dutch Dropn, (P.) B. de Son/re terebin-
(hinS. A solution of sulphur in essential oil of
turpentine, administered as a diuretic. — The Bal-
sum of Sulphur of IluLANH is a solution of sul-
phur in linseed oil or nut oil.
Balsam op Sym'patiiv, Bahamvm Sympath'-
iciini, (F.) Bnume de Si/iiipirithlc. A balsam, used
in the days when sympathetic influence was
strongly believed in. It was comjiosed of the
raspings of a human skull, blood, and human fat,
an(l vs'iis applied to the instrument which had
inflicted the wound.
Balsam, Tiiibaut's. A tincture of myrrh,
allies, dragon's blood, flowers of St. John's wort,
and Chio turpentine. Internal/^, diuretic ; exter-
ncdly, vulnerary.
Balsam of Toltt, see Toluifera Balsamum.
Balsam, TuaNQUIL, Bal'samnm tranquil'him
seu triniqiii'l'ldnf, (F.) B. tranqiiiUe. A liquid
medicine employed, externally, in the shape of
friction : it is prepnred by macerating and boil-
ing, in olive oil, narcotic and poisonous plants, —
belladonna, mandragora, hyoscyamus, A-,c. — and
afterwards infusing, in the filtered decoction,
different aromatic plants. It was employed as
an anodyne.
BAi.sAsr, TiinKKY, Dracocephalum Canariense
— b. Turlington's, see Tinctura Benzoini com-
posita.
Balsam of Trn'pENTrNE, iJntch Drops, BoV-
snnnim Terebiii'lhitia. Obtained by distilling
oil of turpentine in a glass retort, until a red
balsam is left. It possesses the properties of the
turpentines.
Balsam, Vervain's, Tinctura Benzoini com-
posita.
]] VLSAM. Vri/.\nRAI!Y. OF Mixdere'ri's, Bnl'-
S'linxm vuhirrn'riiiiii Miiidere' ri, (F.) B. vid>i4-
niire de MixnERKR. A kind of liniment, com-
posed of turpentine, resin elemi, oil of St. J(din's
wort, and wax. Employed in friction, and as a
dressing to wounds.
Balsam Weed, Iinpatiens fulva.
B\isAM Wo("\n. Tinctura Benzoini eomposita.
B A L S; A M A D E \ 1) B X GILEADEXSE,
Amyris (Jileadensis — b. Myrrba, see Myrrha.
BALSAMAIIIA INOPHYLLUM, see Fagara
octandra.
BALSAMELiEON, Myroxylon Perniferum.
BALSA.M'IC, Btdiam'icus, (F.) Balsamiqtie,
from Pa\iTaiiov, 'balsam.' Possessing the quali-
ties of balsams. Bahamie odour: — a sweet,
faint, and slightly nauseous smell. Buhctmio
snlstance: — one resembling the balsams in pro-
perty.
BALSAMIER ELEMIFERE, Amyris elemi-
fera — h. de la Mecqite, Amyris ojjobalsamum.
BALSAMINA, Momord'ic<i, balsamina.
BALSAMINE, Motuordica balsamina.
BALSAM/QUE. Balsamic.
BALSAMITA FCEMIXEA. Achillea ageratum
— b. Major, Tanacetum balsamita — b. Mas, Ta-
nacetum balsamita.
Balsami'ta Suav'eolens, B. odora'la sen
maris, Jfentha Stiraceu'ieii seu Bonia'na. Ord.
Compositse. Sex. St/at. Syngenesia Polyganiia
superflua. A plant, common in the south of
France, and cultivated in the gardens; where it
bears the names of Menthe eoq ou rumaine, Grand
hdume, Butane eoq ou Costus des Jardina. Its
smell is strong and aromatic, and taste hot. It
is used for the same purposes as cansey, i. e. as a
stimulant, vermifuge, &c.
Balsamita Suaveolens, Tanacetum balsa-
mita — b. Vulgaris, Tanacetum balsamita.
BALSAMO-SACCHARUM, EUeo-Saceharum.
BALSAMUM, see Balsam, Amyris opobalsa-
muin— b. ^gyptiacum, see Amyris opobalsamum
— b. Album, see Myroxylon Peruiferuui — b.
Alijini, Dracocephaluni Canariense — b. Alpini,
see Amyris opobalsamum — b. Anodynum, l^ini-
mentuni saponis et opii — b. Apuplecticum, Balsam
of life of liull'mann — b. Aromatieum, Balsam of
life of Iloinnann — b. Asiaticum, see Amyris opo-
balsamum — b. liraziliense. Copaiba — b. Calaba,
see i'agara octandra — b. Canadense, see Pinus
balsamea — b. Catholicum, Tinctura benzoini cum-
posita — b. Cephalicum, Balsam of life of Hoff-
mann — h. Copaibae, Copaiba — b. Genuinuin anti-
quorum, see Amyris oi)obalsnmiim — b. Hyperici
simplex, see Hypericum perforatum — b. lodure-
tum, Balsam, iodurettcd — b. Judaicum, see Amy-
ris opobalsamum — b. Libani, see Pinus cembra —
b. Maria:, see Fagara octandra — b. e Mecca, see
Amyris opobalsamum — b. Mercuriale, Ungucn-
tum hydrargyri nitratis — b. Xerviiium, Balsam
of life of Hotfmann — b. Nucista', see Myristica —
b. Opodeldoc, Linimentum saponis camphoratum
b. Ophthalmicum rubrum, Ungncntum hydrar-
gyri nitrico-oxydi — b. Persicum, Tinctura benzo-
ini eomposita — b. Peruvianum, see Myroxylon
Peruiferum — b. Saturninum, Unguentum plumbi
superacctatis — b. Scherzeri, Balsam of life of
Hoffmann — b. Stomachicum, Balsam of life of
Hoffmann — b. Styracis, Styrax — b. Stjracis ben-
zoini, Benjamin — b. Succini, see Succinum — b.
Sulphuris Barbadense, Petroleum sulphuratum —
b. Sulphuris simplex, Oleum sulphuratum — b.
Syriacum, see Amyris opobalsamum — b. Toluta-
tanum, see Toluifera balsamum — b. Tranquillans
seu Tranquillura, Balsam, tranquil — b. Trauma-
ticum, Tinctura benzoini eomposita — b. Univer-
sale, Unguentum plumbi superacctatis — b. Viride,
Balsam, green, of Metz ; see Fasrara octandra.
BALSAMUS, Balsam.— b. Palustris, Mentha
aquatica.
BALSEM, Amyris opobalsamum.
BAMBA, Bamboo.
BAMBALIA, Balbuties.
BAMBA'LIO, n<n,i'Lalo, Bala'tm, from /?a/(-
Patito, 'I speak inarticulately.' One who stam-
mers or lisfis. or utters inarticulate sounds. Ac-
cording to KiiAi'SE, one wbo sjicaks as if he bad
pap in his mouth, or as if his tongue were para-
lyzed.
' BAMBOO, (F.) Bamhou, Bamhxt. Earn. Gra-
mineaj. Sc.r. Syst. Hexandiia Monogynia. The
J'oung shoots of Bandios arundinn'cea, Ariin'((o
hamboa, Bumhu'sa arundinu'een, and of Baniboa
vcrticilla'ta, contain a saccharine pith, of wuich
BAMBOS ARUNDINACEA 116
BANDEA U
the people of both the Indies are very fond.
They arc soiuctiincs made into a picitle.
BA:\IB0S ARUNDINACEA, Bamboo— b.
Verticillata, Bamboo.
BAMBIISA ARUNDINACEA, Bamboo.
BAMIX MOSCIfATA, Hibiscus abelmoschus.
BAMMA, from Parrno, 'I plunge,' 'a paint; a
dj'e.' Anciently, liquids were so called, in which
certain liodies were plunged, to moisten or soften
them. In the case of tea, for instance, into which
bread is dipped, the tea would be tlie bamma.
BANAN.A, Musa sapientum.
BANAXIER, Musa sapientum.
BANAUSIA, Charlatanry.
BAXC D'HIPPOCItATE, Bathron.
BAN GAL, (F.) One who has deformed legs.
It includes the vahjue, compernis, and varus,
which ?ee.
BAXCnOCHE, (E.) A vulgar epithet for a
rickety individual.
BAND, PRIMITIVE, see Nerve Fibre.
BAN'DAGE, JDfsnia, Syndea'mua, Hi/podea'-
mis, Hiip'xlenma, Hypodes' iiinH, (the last three
signify yiroperly an under bandage.) A hinder,
from Sax. bindan, 'to bind.' This word, with
the French, is generally used to express the me-
thodieril application of rollers, compresses, <fec.,
Ban'dar/iiir), Syit'desi's, to fix an apparatus upon
any part, — corresponding to the words delic/a'tio,
fancHi'tiojfdni-ia'rnm appUca'tio, epid'csis. With
us the noan is usually applied to the result of tlie
application, or to the bandage itself; — a sense in
which the French employ the word Bmide. Ban-
dages are simple or compound. The simple ban-
dage is fqiKil, if the turns are applied circularly
above each other; unequal, if the turns are not
accuratelj' applied upon each other. If each turn
of the bandage be only covered one-third, it
forms the doloire of the French; if the edges
touch only slightly, it is the mou&ne ; if the turns
are very oblique and separated, it is the spiral
or creeping, (F.) rampant ; if folded upon each
other, it is termed the reversed, (F.) renverse.
By uniting various kinds of batidaging, we have
the com pound, ; and these compound bandages
have received various names expressive of their
figure, or of the parts to which they are applied,
as capli-trum, sjiica, &c. Bandages are divided,
also, as regards their uses, into \uiiting, dividing,
retaining, e.rpeUing, co7npreBsing, d;c.
Bandage or Roller, Fas'cia, TcB'nia, Epides'-
mos, 17/i'ci(/»m, the i?«iif/e of the French. It may
be made of linen, flannel, or other stuff capable
of offering a certain resistance. The two extre-
mities of a bandage are called tails, (F.) chefs,
and the rolled part is termed its head, (F.) globe.
If rolled at both extremities, it is called a, double-
headed roller or bandage, (F.) Bande d deux
globes.
BANDAGE 1 BANDELETTES SEPA-
EEES, Bandage of separate strips.
Bandage, Body, 3Ianti'le, (F.) Bandage de
Corpis, is used for fixing dressings, &c., to the
trunk. It is formed of a towel, napkin, or some
large compress, folded three or four times; the
extremities of which are fastened by pins. This
is again fixed by means of the scapulanj bandage,
which is nothing more than an ordinary ban-
dage, stitched to the anterior and middle part
of the na[.kin, passing over the clavicles and
behind the head, to be attached to the back part
of the napkin.
Bandage, Compound, see Bandage.
Bandage, Compressing, or Roller, Fascia
compressi'va seu cnnvolu'ta, (F.) Jlandiige com-
pressive ou roule, is the simple roller with one
head; and is employed in cases of ulcers, varices.
Ac, of the limbs. "Whenever this roller is applied
to the lower i)art of the limbs, it is carried up-
wards by the doloire and reversed methods above
described.
Bandage, Compressive, see Bandage, com-
pressing — b. de Corps, see Bandage — b. Dividin,:,',
see Band.age — b. Dirisif, Dividing bandage — 4.
udi.r-huit Chefs, Bandage, eighteen-tailcd— I. ni
Doloire, Doloire — b. Double-headed, see Band-
age.
Bandage, Eighteen-tailed, Fas'cia octnd'-
ecim capit'ibu3, (F.) Bandage d dix-hnit clicfi.
This bandage is made of a longitudinal portion
of a common roller; and with a sufficient num-
ber of transverse pieces or tails, to cover as luucl,
of the part as is requisite. It is a very useful
bandage, inasmuch as it can be undone without
disturbing the part.
Bandage, Expelling, see Bandage.
Bandage, Galen's, B. for the Poor, Fns'cin
Gale'ni seu Pau'pernm, (F.) IJandage de Gulien
ou des Pauvres, Ga'lea, is a kind of cucnlhis or
hood, (F.) Couvrechef, divided into three parts
on each side; of which Galen had given a de-
scription. See Cancer Galeni.
Bandage of Genoa, Bandage of Theden— b.
Hernial, see Truss — b. Immovable, Apparatus,
immovable.
Bandage, In'gdinal, Fas'cia ingvina'lis. A
bandage for keeping dressings applied to the
groin. It consists of a cincture, to which is at-
tached a triangular compress, adapted for cover-
ing the groin. To the lower extremity of this,
one or two bandages are attached, which pass
under the thigh, and are fixed to the posterior
part of the cincture. This bandage may be either
simple or double.
Other bandages will be found described under
their various names.
BANDAGE DES PAUVRES, Bandage,
Galen's — b. Permanent, Apparatus, immovable—
b. of the Poor, see Bandage, Galen's, and Cancer
Galeni — b. Rampant, see Bandage — b. Rcnverno,
see Bandage — b. Roule, see Bandage — b. of Scul-
tetus, Bandage of separate strips.
Bandage op separate Strips, or B. of Scfl-
TE'tuS, Fas'cia fusci'olis separa'tim dispos'itit
seu Sculte'ti, (F.) Bandage d bandeleites separies
ou de Scultet. This is formed of linen strips,
each capable of surrounding once and a half the
part to which they have to be applied, and placed
upon each other, so as to cover successively one-
third of their width. It is used chiefly for frac-
tures, requiring frequent dressing.
Bandage, Simple, see Bandage.
Bandage of Tiieden, B. of Gcnga. A band-
age employed, at times, in brachial aneurism,
which commences at the fingers, aud extends to
the axilla.
Bandage, Under, Hypodesmis — b. Unequal,
see Bandage — b. Unissant, Uniting bandage— b.
Uniting, see Bandage, and Uniting bandage.
BANDAGING, see Bandage— b. Doctrine of,
Desmaturgia.
BAN'DAGIST, (F.) Bandngiste. One whose
business it is to make bandages, and especially
those for hernia.
BANDE, Bandage. The word nande,\n
anatomy, is used by the French for various nar-
row, flat, and elongated expansions.
BANDE A DEUX GLOBES, see Bandage.
BANDE D'HISlIODORE, a kind of bandage
for supporting the mammae.
BANDEAU, (P.) A kind of simple bandage,
which consists of a piece of cloth, folded four
times, and applied round the head. There i«
also the Bandeau ou Mouchoir en triangle or
BANDELETTE
1 17
BARII CHLORIDUM
trinucfulnr hnndage, a kind of couvrcchef, made
of a ji((u:irc piece of cloth, or of a handkerchief,
foMed diiiffoiialiy, and aii[)licd round the head.
liASDELBTTE, (F.) Diminutive of Bauda
FtiHciolii, Tceiiiolii, V^itta ; a narrow bandage,
sliip, or fillet. Also Taenia semicircularis.
liANDELETTES AGGLU TINA Tl VES.
Small strips, covered with a glutinous plaster.
VillOB ai/i/liiliiiaii'len. See Agghitinant.
liANDELETTES DECOUP^S, are strips
of linen, notched on one ed<;e, and covered, on
one side, with ointment. They are apjjlied to
wounds to prevent the lint from sticking, and the
laceration of the cicatrix.
liANDELKTTE SEMICTRCULATRE, Taj-
nia seniieirculiuris — h. den Comes d'ammon, Corjius
finibriiitum — b. dea Eminences pyriformes. Taenia
semicircularis — h. de V llippocanipe, Corpora fim-
briata.
BANDURA, Nepentha destillatoria.
BANDY-LEGUED, Cnemoscoliosis.
BANE15ER11Y, Actaja spicata.
BANGUE, BhaiHj, B,nuj, Bancji or Benf], Sed-
hee, Siihjce. Adanson believes this to be the Ne-
penthes of the ancients. The largest leaves and
capsules without the stalks of Can'nahis In'diea,
(F.) Chnnvre Indien, Indinn hemp, probably iden-
tical with G. snticn. Family, Urticeae. Sex. Syst.
Dioecia Pentandria. The leaves and flowers uf
Cannabis are narcotic and astringent. They are
chewed and smoked. The seeds, mixed with
opium, areca, and sugar, produce a kind of intoxi-
cation, and are used for this purpose by the peo-
ple of India. An alcoholic extract of the plant,
Churnis — Extrae'tuni Can'nahis (Ph. U. S.) — has
been used in India, and since then in Europe and
in this country, as a narcotic and anti-convulsive,
in the dose of from half a grain to ten or more.
It requires, however, great caution in its adminis-
stration. The pure resin — CannaOine, Iluscliis-
vhine — is active in the dose of two-thirds of a
grain.
The dried plant, which has flowered, and from
which the resin has not been removed, called
Gniijah, Ganjah, Guaza, and Giiazah, Ilaschisch,
Ilaschich, Haehiseh, Hashish, or Chaschisch, of
the Arabs, consists of the tops and tender parts
only of the plant, collected immediately after in-
florescence, and simply dried.
BANICA. Piistinaca sativa,
BANILAS, Vanilla.
BANILLA, Vanilla.
BANILLOES, Vanilla.
BANLSTE'RIA ANGULO'SA. This plant,
in Brazil and the Antilles, pusses for a powerful
sudorific, and an antidote to the poison of ser-
pents.
BANKSIA ABYSSINICA, Hagenia Abyssi-
niea — b. Speciosa, Costus.
BANNIERES, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Bannieres is a village in Quercy, diocess of Ca-
liors, France. The waters are probably chaly-
beate. They are celebrated in amenorrhoja, ca-
chexia, jaundice, Ac.
BA'OHAli, Adaneo'nia digita'ta, of Africa.
Nat. Old. Bombaeeae. One of the largest pro-
ductions of the vegetable kingdom. Its fruit is
called, in the country', Pain de singe. The pulp
is sourish, and agreeable to eat; and a refreshing
drink is made from it, which is used in fevers.
Prospero .\lpini and Dr. L. Frank think that the
Terra Lemnia was prepared, in Egypt, from the
pulp. All the parts of the Baobab abound in
mucilage. The bark has been given as a substi-
tute for cinchona.
BAPTISIA LEUCANTIIA, eeo Sophora tinc-
toria — b. Tincforin, Sophora tinctoria.
BAPTISIERIUAI, Baignoire.
BAPTORRH(EA, see Gonorrhoea.
BA RA Q UETTE {¥.). A name given by Ra-
sous, physician at Nismes, in France, to a catar-
rhal epidemy, which occurred there in 17til. See
Influenza.
BARATIIRON, Jnniperus sabina.
BARATHRUM, Antrum.
BARB A, Beard — b. Aaronis, Arum maculatura
— b. Caprae, Spiraea ulmaria — b. Hirci, Tragopo-
gon — b. .Jovis, Sempervivum tectorum.
BARBADOES, see West Indies — b. Leg, see
Elephantiasis.
BARBAREA, Erysimum barbarca— b. Stricta,
Erysimum barbarea.
BARBAROS'SiE PIL'ULJE, Barlnros' sa' s
Pills. An ancient composition of quicksilver,
rhubarb, diagridium, musk, <fec. It was the first
internal mercurial medicine which obtained any
real credit.
BAR BE, Beard — b. de Bone, Tragopogon.
BARBEAU, Centaurea cyanus, Cyanus sege-
tum.
]5ARBER-CHIRUR'GE0iSrS. A Corporation
of London, instituted by King Edward IV. The
barbers were separated from the surgeons, by IS
Geo. II., c. 15; and the latter were erected into a
Royal College of Surgi ons at the commencement
of the present century.
BARBERS, ARMY, see Bathers.
BARBERIE, MINERAL AVATERS OF,
These mineral waters are half a league from
Nantes. They contain carbonic acid, chlorides
of magnesium and sodium, sulphate of magnesia,
carbonates of magnesia, lime, and iron. They are
used as chalybeates.
BARBERRY, Oxycantha Galeni — b. Ameri-
can, see Oxycantha Galeni.
BARRIERS. A variety of paralysis chiefly
prevalent in India ; and by many considered to
be the same as Beriberi. Beriberi is commonly
an acute disease. Barbiers is generally chrouie.
BARBITIUM, Beard.
BAR-BONE, Pubis, OS.
BARBOTINE, Artemisia Santonica.
BARBULA CAPRINA, Spiraea ulmaria.
BARCLAY'S ANTIBILIOUS PILLS, Pilule
antibiliosa;.
BARDADIA, Pound.
BARDANA, Arctium lappa — b. Minor, Xan-
thium.
BARDANE PETITE, Xanthium.
BAREGES, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Bar6gcs is a village in the department of llautes
Pyrfinees, near which are several springs. They
are sulphureous and thermal, the heat varying
from 85° to 112° Fahrenheit. They contain chlo-
rides of magnesium and sodium, sulphates of mag-
nesia and lime, carbonate of lime, sulphur, Ac.
These springs have long enjoyed a high reputa-
tion, and are daily advised in cutaneous and
scrofulous afiections, Ac. A nitrogenized matter
was first found in these waters, and afterwards in
other sulphureous springs, to which Longchamp
gave the name Baregine.
Factitious BAitiifJES Watep. Aqua Baregi-
nen'sis seu Baretginen'sis, (F.) Eaii de Bareges,
is made by adding hydrosnlphnretted water, f^iv,
to pnre water, f^^xvijss, carbonate of soda. gr. xvj,
chloride of sodium, gr. ss. Bottle closely.
BAREGINE, see Bareges.
BAIKJADA, Convolvulus pes capra.
BARGOU. An alimentary preparation formed
of ground oats, boiled to a proper consistence with
water.
BART6LIA. Soda.
BARII CHLORIDUM, Baryta, muriate of—
b. lodidum, Baryta, hydriodate of.
BARILLA
118
BARYTA
BARILLA, Soda— b. Alicant, Soda — b. Car-
tha;;enn, Soda— b. Turkey, Soda,
BARILLOR. Soda.
BA'RIUM, Ba'ri/tim, Baryt'tum, Pluto'ninm,
from (}apvs, ' heavy.' The metallic base of ba-
ryta, so called from the great deusity of its com-
pounds.
Bauium, CnLORiDE OF, Baryta, muriate of —
b. Chlonire de. Baryta, muriate of— b. lodatuni,
and Iodide of, Baryta, hydriodate of— b. Protox-
ide of, Baryta.
BARK, "Ciuchona— b. Arica, see Cincbonae cor-
difoliic cortex — b. Ash, see Cinchona — b. Bitter,
Pincl-:neya pubens — b. Bogota, see Cinchona — b.
Calisaya', Cinchonae nordifoliie cortex — b. Cali-
Sfiya, spurious, see Cinchonae cordifoliae cortex —
b.Ciirabaya. see Cinchonas cordifoliae cortex — b.
Caribajan, Cinchonae Caribajse cortex— b. Cartha-
genn, see Cinchona — b. Coquettn, see Cinchona
— b. Crown, Cinchonae lancifoliae cortex — b.
Cusco, see Cinchonae cordifoliae cortex — b.
Doom, Sassy-bark— b. Elk, Magnolia glauca— b.
Essential salt of, see Cinchona — b. Florida,
Pinckneya pubens — b. Fusagasuga, see Cinchona
— b. Georgia, Pinckneya pubens — b. Gray, see
Cinchona — b. lluinnilies, see Cinchona — b. Hua-
nueo, see Cinchona — b. Indian, Magnolia glauca
— b. Iron, see Kino — b. Jesuit's, Cinchona — b.
Jaen, see Cinchona — b. Lima, see Cinchona — b.
Loxa, Cinchonre lancifolia3 cortex — b. Pale, Cin-
chonas lancifolio} cortex — b. Maraeaybo, see Cin-
chona — b. Ordeal, Snssy-bark — b. Peruvian, Ciu-
chona — b. Pitaya, Cinchontx; Caribaeae cortex, see
Cinchona — b. Red, Cinchona; oblongifolias cortex
■ — b. Royal, Cinchonas cordifoliic cortex — b. of St.
Ann, see Cinchonae cordifoliae cortex — b. Saint
Lucia, Cinchonae Cariba>a3 cortex — b. Santa Mar-
tha, see Cinchona — b. Sassy, Sassy-bark — b.
Seven, Hydrangea arborescens — b. Silver, see
Cinchona — b. Yellow, Cinchona; cordifoliae corte-x.
BARLERIA BUXIFOLIA, Cara schuUi.
BARLEY-BREE, Cerevisia.
BAitLf;Y-ConN, Cerevisia.
Barley, Pearl, see Uordeum — b. Scotch,
Hordeum
Baulkv-Water, Decoctum hordei.
BARM, Yest.
BARN, Infans.
BARNET, MINERAL WATERS OF. Barnet
is not far from London. The water is of a purg-
ing quality, like that of Epsom, and about half
the strength.
BAROMACROM'ETER, PcBdobaromacrom'-
eter, Pcp.dont'eter, from /Jupoj, ' weight,' /jiaKpos,
'long,' and fitTpov, 'measure.' An instrument
invented by Stein to indicate the length and
weight of a nl^w-born infant.
BAROM'ETER, JUironcop'ium, Ba'roscope,
from /3apoj, ' weight,' and fiirpov, 'measure.' (F.)
Bainnietre. An instrument which measures the
weight of the air. A certain degree of density
in this medium is necessary for health. When
we ascend high mountains, great inconvenience
is experienced, owing to the diminished density.
Changes of this character are indicated by the
Barometer or weather-glass.
BA'ROS, ISapoi, 'heaviness.' Employed by the
Greek physicians to designate the feeling of las-
situde and lieaviness observable in many diseases.
■ — Hippocrates. Galen.
BAROSCOPE, Barometer.
BAROSMA CRENATA, Diosma crcnata.
JiAROTE, Baryta.
BAROTES SAI.ITUS, Baryta, muriate of.
BAHRAS, see Pinus sylvcstris.
BAKRE, MINERAL VVATERS OF. Barre is
a small town, six leagues from Strasburg. The
waters are thermal, and contain much iron, cal-
careous salt, Ac. They are diuretic and tonic.
BARRE (F.), Barrnre, Vara, 'a bar.' A pro-
jection or prolongiition of the symphysis pubis,
—a deformity rendering delivery difficult.
BARREE (F.). A term applied, in Franco, to
a female whose pelvis has the deformity described
under Barre.
BARRES (DENTS,), Barred Tetth. Tho
molar teeth, when the roots are spread or tortu-
ous, so that they cinnot be extracted without
being broken ; or without a portion of the alveo-
lar arch being removed.
BARREL OF THE EAR, Tympanum.
BARREN, Sterile.
BARRENNESS, Sterilitas.
BARROS, Terra Portugallica.
BARRURE, Barre.
BARTON'S FRACTURE, see Fracture of the
Radius, Barton's.
BARYCOCCALON, Datura stramonium.
BARYCOITA, Baryecoi.i.
BARYECOI'A, Baryvoi'ta, Bradyecoi'n, Pn.
racit'i-ia obtu'sa, BIsccoi'a, Dy^eca^'a, Andi'tm
dilfic'ilis, A. f/ravis, A. iintnliiii'tt(s, Ohinidl'tlo,
Ubaiidi'tKH, Hi/pocdplio'sis, llijjjuehyru'nh, (F.)
jDnrcte d' Oreille, VyKerec, from jSapuj, 'heavy,'
and aKori, ' hearing.' Hardness of hearing, in-
complete deafness. See Cophosis, and Deafness.
BARY^GLOSSIA, Balbuties, Baryphonia.
BARYI HYDRAS lODATI, Baryta, hydrio-
date of.
BARY^LALIA, Baryphonia.
BARY'OD'YNE, from (iapvi, 'heavy,' and oJui'ij,
'pain.' A dull, heavy pain.
BARYPHO'NIA, Bari/rjlun's!", BaryWUa.Lo-
que'la impc.di'ta, from jSapvi, 'heavy,' and 0aini,
'voice.' Difficulty of voice or speech.
BARYPICRON, Artemisia abrotanum.
BARYSOMATIA, Polysarcia adiposa.
BARYSOMATICA, Polysarcia adiposa.
BARY'TA, from fiapvi, 'heavy,' jiapvTm,
'weight.' Terra pondero'sa, Bary'tcs, I'mtux'-
ide of Ba'riwn, Heavy Earth, Ponderous Earth,
(F.) Baryte, Barote, Terre pesante. This earth
and its soluble salts are all highly corrosive poi-
sons. It is never employed in medicine in the
pure state. AVhen externally applied, it is caus-
tic, like potassa and soda.
Bary'ta, Carbonate of. Baryta Car'honas,
(Ph. U.S.), (F.) Carbonate de Baryte, Craie haro-
ti'que, is only used officinally to obtain the mu-
riate.
Baryta, Hydri'odatb of, Barytm Hydri'odns,
Baryta Hydn'od'ica, Eydraa Baryi Joda'ti : —
(in the dry state. Iodide of Barium, Barii Jvd'-
idum, Ba'rium lodu'tum,) has been given in scro-
fulous and similar morbid conditions. It may
be administered internally in the dose of one-
eighth of a grain three or four times a day, and
be applied externally to scrofulous swellings, in
the form of ointment, (gr. iv to ^j of lard.)
Baryta IIvdiuodica, Baryta, hydriodate of.
Baryta, Mu'riate or IlYDROcaLORATE of,
Bary'tcB mu'rias, Chlo'ride of Ba'rium, Ba'ril
Cfilo'ridnm (Ph. U. S.), Chlo'ruret of Ba'rhm,
Terra pondero'sa aali'ta seu mnria'ta, Sal mnri-
at'icnm barot'icum, Baro'ten sali'tus, (F.) Chlo-
rure de barium, is the combination chiefly used.
The Muriate of Baryta may be formed as follows:
Baryt. Carbon, in frustulis, ftj ; Aeiil. Miiriol.
f^xij ; Aquee Oiij. Mix the acid with the water,
and gradually add the Carbonate of Baryta. To-
ward the close of the effervescence, apply a gentle
heat, and, when the action has ceased, filter the
liquor, and boil it down so that Crystals may form
as it cools. — Ph. U. S.
It is given in the form of the Soln'tio Muria'tit
BarytcB, Liquor Barii Chlo'ridi, Ph. U.S., Aqva
,1 barytm muria'tis, (F.) Solution de Muriate (It
BARYTE
1 1 9
BASSIA BUTYRACEA
BirytK, (Mitnnte of Unryla, one part; distilled
witter, liirue parts,) iind is emplnyed in scrofulous
casi's, worms, and cutaneous diseases. Exter-
nally, to fungous ulcers and to specks on the
cornea.
]Jaiivta, Sulphate of, liarytm eulphns, (F.)
Siilfitle (le llnryte, is used in pliannacy, like the
carl)oiiiite, to olitain the chloride of barium.
IJ.viiVT.E CvitnoNAS, IJaryta, carbonate of — b.
Hydiiodas, ]5;iryta, hydriodate <jf — b. Murias,
Baryta, muriate of — b. sulphas, Baryta, sulphate
of.
JLMt VTE, Baryta — 1>. O'lrlxmate de, Baryta,
carU<.n;it(! of — li. xnl/'nle de, Baryta, sulphate of.
liARYTII MIA. Melancholy.
BAKVTIUM. Barium.
BARYUM. Barium.
B AS- FOND, see Urinary Bladder.
JiAS-LASSll Stoekins, laced.
JiAS- Vh'NTIiE, Abdomen.
BASAAL. Tlie name of an Indian tree, the
decoction of whose leaves, in water, with ginger,
is useii iis a garble in diseases of the fauces. The
kernels of the fruit are vermifuge.
B ASANASTllA'tiALA, from 5.i,r«vof, 'torture,'
and uffrpuyaXof, ' the astragalus.' Pain in the ankle
joint: gout in the foot.
BASAXIS'MQS, from 0iiaavt^civ, 'to explore.'
'A touch-stone.' Investigation or examination.
— IIipi)ocrates, Galen.
BASE, fidHin, from fiaivta, 'I proceed,' ' I rest,'
'I support myself.' Tliat which serves as a foun-
dation or support. That which enters, as a prin-
cipal matter, into a mixture or combination. In
anatomy, it is employed in the former sense, as
Base of til e Crnniam, Base of the Brain — Basis
sen Pari men' turn cere'bri ; Base of a process, &c.,
Bane of the heart — Basis vel coro'na cordis. In
dentistry, it means a metallic, ivory, or hii)[)o])o-
tamus plate, which is used as a support for arti-
ficial teeth. In the art of prescribing, Basis is
the chief substance which enters into a compound
formula.
BASE-BORN, Illegitimate.
BASE M EXT MEMBRANE, see Membrane,
basement.
B AS r AT 10, Coition.
BASIATOR, Orbicularis oris.
BASIlj, BUSH, Ocymum caryophyllatum — b.
Citron, Ocymum basilicum — b. Common, Ocy-
mum basilioum — b. Small, Ocymum caryophyl-
latum — b. Wild, Chenopodium vulgare — b. Wild,
Cunila mariana — b. Wild, Pycuauthemum iu-
canum.
BASILAl), see Basilar Aspect.
BAS'ILAR, Basiia'ris, Bas'ilary, (F.) Basi-
laire. That which belongs to the base, from
jiaaii, 'base.' This name has been given to seve-
ral parts, which seem to serve as basis to others.
The sacrum and sphenoid have been so called.
Basilaii Autkky, a. basiia'ris seu cervica'lis,
(F.) Artirc ou Tronc basilaire, A. mesncephalique
(Ch.) The union of the two vertebral arteries.
It ascends along the middle groove on the infe-
rior surface of the tuber, and is suj)ported, be-
neath, by the Fossa basilaris. It terminates in
the posterior cerebral arteries.
Basilar Asi'kct. Au aspect towards the base
of the head. — Barclay. Basilad is used adverb-
ially by the same writer to signify ' towards the
basilar aspect.'
Basilau Fossa, (F.) Gouttiire ou Fosse basi-
laire, is the upper surface of the basilary process,
— so called because it is channeled like a Fossa
or Gitlter. The Tuber annulare rests upon it.
Basilar Pkocess, Proccs'sns basiia'ris ossis
oceip'itis seu cnueifor'mis ossis occip'itis, (F.) j
Aonphi/se Baxilaire, J'rolongemeiit sous-occipital,
Ca'neijorin Process, is the bony projection, formed I
by the inferior angle of the os occipitis, which is
articulated with the sphenoid.
Basilar Sinus, Sinus transversus.
Basilar Surface, (F.) Surface basilaire, is
the inferior surface of the process. It is covered
by the mucous membrane of the pharynx.
Basilar Vertebra. The last vertebra of the
loins.
BASIL'IC, Basil'icHS, (F.) Basilique, from
ffaatXiKos, 'royal.' This name was given, by the
ancients, to parts which they conceived to play
an important part in the animal economy.
Basilic Vein, Vena hasil'ica seu cn'biti inte'-
rior, (F.) Veine Basilique, Veine cubitule cuta-
nee of Chaussier. This vein is one of those on
which the operation of bloodletting is performed.
It is situate at the internal part of the fold of the
elbow, in front of the humeral artery, and is
formed by the anterior and posterior cubital
veins, and by the median basilic. It terminates,
in the arm-pit, in the axillary vein. The an-
cients thought, that the basilic of the right arm
had some connexion with the liver, and hence
they called it hepatic. The vein of the left arm,
for a similar reason, they called splenic. The
Median Basilic Vein, (F.) Veine mediune basi-
lique, is one of the branches of the preceding
vein. It joins the median cephalic at an acute
angle, or rather by a transverse branch, and re-
ceives some branches of the deep railial and cu-
bital veins, and a considerable subcutaneous vein
— the common median.
BASILfO COMMUN, Ocymum basilicum— 6.
Saiivaife, qrand, Chenopodium vulgare.
BASIL'ICON, Basil'icum. ' Roy.al,' or of
great virtue. An ointment, composed of yellow
wax, black pitch, and resin, of each one part,
olive oil, four parts. Hence it was called Uu-
ijuen'tum Tetraphar' maenm, (rtrpa'/mp/ia/cu, 'four
drugs.') — Celsus. Scribonius Largus.
I3ASILIC0N, Basilicum, of the Parisian Codex,
is the Onijuent de Poix et de Oire. In most Phar-
macopoeias, it is represented by the Un'jiten'tniii
or Cera'tum Resi'ncB. It is used as a stimulating
ointment. See Ceratum Resinae, and Unguen-
tum Resinae Nigrce.
BASILICUM, Basilicon, Ocymum Basilicum
— b. Citratum, Ocymum basilicum — b. Majus,
Ocymum basilicum.
BASILIQUE, Basilic.
BASILISCUS, Syphilis.
BASI0-CERAT0-CH0NDR0-GL0SSU3,
Ilyoglossus.
BASIC -CEE'ATO-GLOSSUS, from jiauii,
'base,' Kcpas, 'cornu,' and yXuiaaa, 'tongue.' A
narje given to a part of the hyoglossus, which is
inserted into the cornu of the os hyoides and base
of the tongue.
BASIOCES'TRUM, from ^aan, 'the base,'
and Ktcrpa, 'a dart.' An instrument for opening
the head of the foetus in utero, invented by Mes-
ler, a German.
BA'SIO-GLOS'SUS, ITi/pselof/los'sus, Ifyoba-
sioijlossus, Ypseloglos'sus, from fiuaig, 'base,' and
yXutiaaa, ' the tongue.' A name formerly given to
the portion of the hyoglossus which is inserted
into the base of the os hyoides. — Riolan, Thomas
Bartholiue. See Lingual Muscle.
BASIC PHARYNG.E'US, from fiair,;, 'base,'
and tpapvy^, 'the pharynx.' A name given tc
some fibres of the constrictor pharyngis medius.
— Winslow.
BASIS, see Prescription — b. Cerebri, Base of
the Bfain — b. Cordis, Radix cordis — b. Corporis,
Sole.
BASSI-COL'ICA. Name of a medicine com-
posed of aromatics and honey. — Scribonius
Largus.
BASSIA BUTYRACEA, see Spirit, (Arrack.)
BASSiy
120
BATH
JiASSiy, Pelvis — h. Oculaire, Scnphium ocu-
larc.
BASSIXER, Fove're, to foment.
JiAi^^i/XBT, Pelvis of the kiduey, Rtanunculus
bulbosus.
BAS'SORA, GUSL A gum, obtained from a
plant unknown, which came oriijinally from the
neighbourhood of Bassora, on the Gulf of Per-
sia, whence its name. It is in irregularly shaped
l)ieces, wiiite or yellow, and intermediate in its
transparency between gum Arabic and gum tra-
gacanth. Only a small portion is soluble in
water. The insoluble portion is a peculiar prin-
ciple, called Bfisnorin. It is not used in medi-
cine ; but bassorin enters into the composition of
several substances.
BASSORIN, see Bassora gum.
BASSU'OOD, Tilia Americana.
BASTARD, Illegitimate.
BATA. Musa Parndisiaca.
BATATA DE PURGA. The Brasilian and
commercial name of the purgative, feculent, and
gum-resinous roots of two plants of the family
Convolvulaceae, the one called Jeliciicu, Mechoa-
cmi, Cuiivul' villus mechoacnii'iia, the Piploste'qln
Piso'iii'i of Von Martins; the other Cuiii-oV vi'ilua
opsrcula'tHH, the Ipomoi'a seu Piptostc'ijia oper-
cithi'tii of Von Martins.
BATA'TAS. The inhabitants of Peru gave
this ap))ellation to several tuberous roots, espe-
cially to Convolvulus Bdtalds or Sircet Potato.
Our word, Potato, comes from this. See Solanum
tuberosum.
BATEMAN'S PECTORAL DROPS, see Pec-
tor^l Drops, Bateman's.
BATERION, Bathron.
BATES'S ALUM WATER, Liquor aluminis
compositus — b. Anodyne Balsam. Linimentum
saponis et opii — b. Camphorated Water, Lotion,
camphorated, of Bates— b. CoUyrium, see Lotion,
camphorated, of Bates.
BATH. Anglo-Saxon baS, Jial'neum, Bala-
ne'iiiii, lictliiie'nm, Loutroit, (Old Eng.) Baiiie,
(F.) Bain. Immersion, or stay, for a longer or
shorter duration, of the whole or a part of the
body, in some medium, as water. Act of plung-
ing into a liquid, sand, or other substance, in
■which it is the custom to bathe, Plniuje Bath.
Also, the vessel in which the water is put for
bathing. Also, a public or private establishment
for bathing. The common water-bath, used for
hygienic as well as for therapeutical purposes, is
the Biiiii simple ou liijgieniqne of the French.
In J'linrnidci/, a vessel, placed over a fire, and
filled with any substance, into which another
vessel is placed, containing matters for digestion,
evaporation, or distillation.
Bath, Acid, Bal'neiim ac'ldum {Acid, murint.
Ibij ; Aqua eong. Ixvi. One half, one third, or
one fourth the quantity of acid is more frequently
employed.)
Bath, Acid, Scott's, see Scott's Acid Bath —
b. Air, hot, see Bath, hot — b. Air, warm, see
Bath, hot.
Bath, Al'kaljsk, Bal'iieum alknli'nmn. This
uiay be madeof half a pound or a pound of ;)Pff)-;-
ash or of carbonate of soda, to sixty-six gallons
of water.
Bath, An'imal, Balneum anima'le, consists in
wrapping an animal recently killed, or its skin,
around the bodj', or some part of it.
Bath, Axtipsob'ic, Bal'tieum aiitipso'ricnm.
Recommended in cases of itch and other cuta-
neous diseases. {Potass, sulphuret. ^^iv, Aoucb
cong. Ix.)
Bath, Antisyphilit'ic, Bal'tieum nntisi/philit'-
icum, Mercu'rial bath. Made by dissolving from
two drachms to an ounce of the corrosive chloride
of mercury iu sixty gallons of water.
Bath, Aum, Brachilu'vium. A bath for the arm.
Bath, Cold, see Bath, hot — b. Cool, see Bath,
hot.
Bath, Dnv, is one made of ashes, salt, sand,
Ac. Tlie ancients used these frequently for the-
rapeutical purposes.
Bath, Eauth, Arenatio.
Bath, Elec'tuic, (F.) Bain ilecfriqne, consists
in placing the person upon nn insulated stool,
communicating, by a metallic wire, with the
principal conductor of the electrical machine in
action. The Electric Bath i)roduces general ex-
citement of all the functions, and especially of
the circulation and secretions.
Bath, Foot, Pedilu'vium, (F.) Bain de Pied,
a bath for the feet.
Bath, Gelat'inohs, Bal'neum gelatino'sum.
Made by dissolving two pounds of gelatin or f/lue
in a gallon of water. A gelatino-suljihurous bath
may be made by adding a pound of glue, previ-
ously dissolved in water, to the suli)hur bath.
Bath, Genkual, (F.) Bain Entier, is one in
which the whole body is plunged, except the
head; in contradistinction to the ^:)a;(ui/ bath,
Merobalaue' um, J/erobal'ueum.
Bath, Half, Semien'pium, Excalhis'ma, In-
ces'sin, Lices'sns, is one adapted for half the body.
One, for receiving only the hips or extremities, is
also so called.
The Sitz-bath, (G.) Sitzbad, of the hydropa-
thists is a tub of cold water, in which the patient
sits for a variable period.
Bath, Hand, Mauulu'vium, (F.) Rain de Jlain
ou 3launhive, is a bath for the hands.
Bath, Head, CopitiUi'vinm, (F.) Bain de Tele
ou Capitiluve, a bath for the head.
Bath, Hip, Coxwlu'vium, (F.) Bain de Fan-
teuil. Bain de Sieye, is one in which the lower
part of the trunk and upper part of the thighs
are immersed.
Bath, Hot, Balneum Cal'idum, Zcstolu'sia,
(F.) Bain chaud, is a bath, the temperature of
which is 98° and upwards; the Waum Bath
from 92° to 98°; the Tepid Bath, (F.) Bain
Tiede, Balneum tep'idiim. from 85° to 92° ; the
Tempekate Bath, (F.) Bain tewpere. from 75°
to 86°; the Cool Bath, (F.) Bain fraia, from
fi()° to 75°; the Cold Bath, Balneum friy'idum,
Fricjida'rium, (P.) Bain froid, Bain tres froid,
(of some,) from 30° to 60°; and the Vapour
B__ATn, Balneum vapo'rin, (F.) Bain de Vapeur,
Etuvc Hnmide, from 100° to L'30°, and upwards.
See Vaporarium. A Warm Am Bath, or Uoi
Am Bath, consists of air the temperature of
which is raised.
Bath, Med'icated, Balneum Medica'tum, (F.)
Bain medicinal, is a bath, formed of decoctions
or infusions of vegetable substances, or of any
ingredient, introduced into the water for thera-
peutical purposes.
Bath, Mehcurial, Bath, antisvphilitic — b.
Nitro-nmriatie acid, Scott's acid bath— b. Plun^-e,
see Bath. °
Bath, Sand, Balneum Are'ncB, (F.) Bain de
Sable, consists of a vessel filled with sand, and
placed over the fire. Into this vessel, the one is
put which contains the substance to be evapo-
rated. See Psanimismus.
Bath, Sea, Balneum mari'num, (F.) Bain de
mer. A sea-water bath.
Bath, Shower, Implu'vinm, Hydroco'nium, is
one in which the water is made to fall like a
shower on the bodv. See Douche.
Bath, Sitz, see Bath, half.
Bath, Steam, may be formed by introducing
steam into a properly closed vessel in place of
water, as in the water bath.
Bath, Succes'sio.x, TransW'ion bath. A term
BATH
121
BAURAC
applied to the rapid succession or transition from
a cold to a warm or hot bath, or conversely. —
Bell.
Bath. SijM'IIUii, Jlttl'iioin, SHlph'uHs, Snlphu-
rett'vd hiilh. A liath much used in psora, and
other i-hninic cutaneous ali'ections. It may be
composed of two ounces of diluted sulphuric acid,
and eif;ht ounces of sulphuret of potassium added
to each l)ath; or simply of the sulphuret of po-
tassium.
]iATfr, SiTLi'HUR Vapour, see Sulphurous Acid.
Bath, Ta.v. An astrinfrent bath, prepared, at
times, by boiling two or three hiindfuls of ground
oak-bark, — such as is used by tanners — in two
or three quarts of water, for half an hour, and
then adding the decoction to the water of the
bath.
Bath, Tkmpeuate, see Bath, hot — b. Tepid,
see Bath, hot — 1). Transition, Bath, succession —
b. Va[»uur, see Bath, hot, and Vaporarium — b.
AViirm, see Bath, hot.
]5ati(, Watkr, Jiiiliieum Mar'icB seu 3fana,
(F.) Biiia Marie, in chemistry, consists of a ves-
sel filled with boiling water, or salt water, in
which the vessel is placed, that contains the sub-
stance to be evaporated.
Bathing is much employed in the treatment of
disease. The cold bath, esivecially the cold sea
Itath, is a sedative and indirect tonic : the warm
bath a relaxant; and the hot bath a stimulant.
The regular use of the bath is extremely con-
ducive to health ; but if too much indulged in, it
is apt t'> produce injurious cfTects.
BATH ALUM SB 11 IN OS, see Virginia,
Mineral Waters of.
BATH, MINKRAL WATERS OF, Aqva
Jiiithi/'nifp, vel /idd'izce, Aqitcp So/in, Aqnoi Bad'
u/iia;. Celel)riited thermal springs at Bath, in
Eughmd. They contain but little impregnation,
and are chicliy indebted to their temperature,
from 112° to 117° Fahrenheit, for their utility.
The main ingredients are sulphate of lime, chlo-
ride of sodium, sulphate of soda, carbonate of
liine, protoxide of iron, free carbonic acid and
azote.
These waters are employed in the most hete-
rogeneous cases; and are serviceable where the
siuiple thermal springs are indicated, as in rheu-
matism, paralysis, Ac.
BATH SFUINGS, in Berkley County, Vir-
ginia, is a mild carbonated water: temperature
7.'>° Fahr. It is a useful bath in cutaneous affec-
tions, and is said to contain some of the salts of
lime and magnesia.
BA'TIIKH, same etymon; Bobiea'riits, Buli-
vcft'lor, Iliilneii'tor, (F.) liitiijuniir. One who
bathes. Anciently, the name was given to those
that administered baths to the diseased, — the
J^tuvivies of the French. At the present day, in
reuiote districts in tJermany, the country people
call tlioir medical practitioners Biider or 'bath-
men,' and Feldscheeren or 'army barbers.'
BATIllNtJ, sec Bath.
BATHMIS, BnihiiiM, 'base, support.' The
cavitv of a bone, which receives the eminence of
another; and especially the two Foiicties at the
inferior extremity of the humerus into which the
processes of the" ulna are received, during the
flexion and extension of the fore-arm.
BATIIROX. Itiithrum Hi/tpuc'rcitit, Scnynnvm
Hi/>/)nr'rati>i. Bute' lion, 'a stop, a ladder.' (F.)
liaiip d'/Uppoi-role. An instrument, used for the
extension of a limb, in cases of fracture or luxa-
tion. The description of it is to\ind in Galen,
Orib'asins, nml Scultetus, with a figure.
BATH RUM IIIBBOCRATIS, Bathron.
BAT I A, Retort.
BATISSE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ba-
tisse is three leagues from Clermont, in France.
The water is tepid, and contains subcarbonate
and sulphate of soda, sulphates of lime and iron,
muriate of magnesia, and carbonate of lime.
BATOS, Ruhus Idfcus.
BATRACHUS. Ranula.
BATTALISM'US, Jiattaris'mtis, from iJarrapi-
^tiv, 'to stammer.' Balbuties. Stammering with
incapacity to jironounce the R.
BATT'ALUS, liat'tarus, same etjmon. A
stauMuerer, a stutterer.
BATTARISMUS, Battalismus.
BATTARUS, Battalus.
BATTATA VIRGINIANA, Solanum tubero-
sutn.
BATTEMENS DOUBLES, see Bruit du
Coenr fwt'd.
BA TTEMEXT, Pulsation.
BAUDRICOURT, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Baudricourt is a town of France, two leagues
and a half from Mirecourt. The waters are sul-
phureous.
BAiDRUCHES, Condom.
BAUIUN, VALVE OF. Vnlve of Tui/pirs,
V. of Fallo'pius, V. of Vauo'lius, ll'eo-coecal
Vidve, Hco-colic Valve, VaI'vida Ilei, Val'viila
Coli, V. CcF.ei, Oper'culiim Itei,, Sphiueter Ihi,
This name is given to the valve situate trans-
versely at the place where the ileum opens into
the ca'cum, and which Bauhin says he discovered
at Paris, in 1759. It had, however, been pre-
viously described by several anatomists; as by
Vidus Vidius, Postius, &c.
BAUiME, Balsam — h. d'Achr, Balsam, chaly-
beate — h. d'Aitjiii/len, Balsam, chalybeate — b.
d' Ain^rique, see Toluifera balsamum — h. Apo-
plectiqiic. Balsam, apoplectic — b. d'Arra;un, At-
caeus, balsam of; see, also. Balsam of Arcteus —
b. d'Arcpus, Unguentum elemi compositum —
h. Aromatiqne, Balsam, aromatic — b. Uenjoin,
Benjamin — /;. Blatic, see Amyris Oj)obalsanium —
b. du Breeil, Copaiba — b. de Canada, see Pinus
balsamea — 6. de CanneUe, Laurus cinnamomum
— b. de Carpatliie, Balsam of Carpathia — b. de
Ciirtha(jcne, see Toluifera balsamum — b. de Con-
ntniitinople blanc, see Amyris opobalsamum — h.
de Oopaliu, Copaiba — b. Cordiale de Sennerte,
Balsam, cordial, of Scnnertus — b. d'Ean d, feniUea
ridees, Mentha crispa — 6. de FeuiUet, Balsam,
green, of Metz — b. de Fiirraventi spiriluense, Bal-
sam, sjurituous, of Fioraventi — h. de Fonrrroy ou
de Labnrde, Balsam of Fourcroy or Laborde — b.
des Fiinerai/lex, Asphaltum — b. de Galaad, see
Amyris opobalsamum — b. de (roicr/e re, Balsam
of Genevieve — i. Grand, Tanacetura balsainita
— 6, du Grand Caire, see Amyris opobalsamum
— 6. Hi/driodatf, Balsam, iodurette<l — b. Hi/pnoti-
que. Balsam, Hj'pnotic — b. Hi/slerique, Balsam,
hysteric — b. des hides, see Myroxylon Peruiferum
— 6. lodiire. Balsam, ioduretted — b. den Jardiim,
Mentha viridis — b. c/e ii/ctf/e/. Balsam, Lucatelli's
— b. }farie, see Fagara octandra — b. de Mirmie, As-
phaltum — b. Nervin, Balsam, nervous — b. de
Peroii, SCO Myroxylon Pernifcrnni — b. de Saint-
Thonias, see 'J'ohiif'era balsamum — b. du Saniari-
tain, Balsam of the Samaritan — b. Saxon, Balsam,
Saxon — 6. de Siaifre, Balsam of sulphur — b. de
Si/nipathie, Balsam of sympathy — b. Tranipiille,
Balsam, tranquil — b. de To/ii. see Toluifera
balsamum — b. de Van Hie, Vanilla — b. Vert, see
Fagara octandra — b. Vert de Jfctz. Balsam, green,
of Met7 — b. de Vie d'Hnffinnnn. Balsam of Life,
of llofl'mann — b. de 17e de Leiierre, Tinct\ira
aloes eomposita — b. Vrai, see Amyris opobal-
samum — b. Vidnernirede J/i'ii(/ere»-, Ijalsam, vul-
nerary, of Mindererus.
B ATM I EH, Bahamier.
BAURAC. (Arab.) Nitre, or salt in general.
From this word comes Borax.
BAURIN
12 2
BEDFORD
BAURIN, MINERAL WATERS OP. Baurin
is a village four leagues from Roye, department of
Soinine. The waters are strongly chalybeate.
BAVE(F.), S'lli'rn ex nreflueiis, ,Sj)inna, Hit-
mor Stdi'vus. Frothj', thick, viscid saliva, issu-
ing; from the mouth. This drivelling or nlorer-
ing, we see in children, old people, <fec. The term
is, al^o, applied to the frothy liquid, which flows
from the mouth of rabid animals. Sauvages uses
it synonymously with salivation.
JiAVI'JUX, lifiveime, an epithet, occasionally
applied by the French to the spongy flesh of a
wound, which suppurates, and exhibits but little
tendency to heal.
BAY, CASTOR, Magnolia glauca— b. Rose,
Rhododendron ehrj-sanlhemum — b. Rose, Ame-
rican, Rhododendron maximum — b. Sweet, Lau-
rus — b. \Vhite, Magnolia glauca and M. macro-
phylla.
BDALSIS, Sucking.
BDELLA, Ilirudo.
BDEL'LIUM, }fi))-rlm imperfec'ta, Bolchnn,
Madelcoit, BahhiiK. A gumfe.*in, brought from
the Levant and India, and supposed to be ob-
tained from a species of Ami/ris, little known.
It is solid, brittle, of a deep brown colour, of an
acrid and hitter taste, and sweet odour. It was
much vaunted by the ancients, but is now little
employed. Two ditferent gum-resins have been
in the shops, distinguished by the names fiidinu
and A/rirnn bdellinm. I)r. Royle was informed
that tiie former was obtained from Arn'yris Coni-
niiph'uf)!, growing in India and Madagascar.
The latter is said to be from Heudelo'tia A/ri-
ca'iin, which srovvs in Senegal.
BDELLOM'ETER, from iSScUa, 'a leech,'
(/Ji^fXXu), ' I suck,') and utrpov, ' measure.' An in-
strument, proposed as a substitute for the leech ;
inasmuch as we can tell the quantity of blood ob-
tained by it, whilst we cannot by the leech. It
consists of a cupping-glass, to which a scarifica-
tor and exhausting syringe are attached.
BDELLUS. Fart.
BDELYOMIA, Fart.
BDKLYCJMUS, Fart.
BDESMA, Flatulence.
BDOLUS, Fart.
BE.\D TREE, Melia Ar.ednraeh.
BEAL. Phlegmon, to Suppurate.
BKALING, Pregnant.
BEAN, CARTHA(JENA, Ilahilla de Cartha-
gena — b. Egyptian, Nymphrea nehitnbo — b.
French, Phaseolus vulgaris — b. Garden, com-
mon, Vicia faba — b. Indian, Catalpa — b. Kidney,
Phaseolus vulgaris — b. Malacca, Avicennia to-
mentosa^b. Pontic, Nympha;a nelumbo — b.
Red, Abrus prccatorius — b. Sacred, Nelurabium
luteura — b. St. Ignatius's, Ignatia amara — b.
Tonka, Dipteri.x odorata — b. Tree, Cutalpa — b.
Tree, white, Crataegus aria.
Br.\n Trkfou. Tree, see Cytisine.
BKARBERRY, Arbutus uva ursi.
BEARD. (Sax.) bear>». (G.) Bart., Barhn,
Piiijon, Geiiei'ou, Barbi'tiiim, (F.) Bnrbe. The
hair which covers a part of the cheek, the lips,
and chin of the male sex, at the age of jiuberty.
BEAR'S BREECH. Acanthus mol!i.^_b. Foot,
Ilellcborus foetidus — h. Fright, Hoptallon gra-
veolens — b. Grass, Yucca filamentosa — b. VVhor-
tleberrv. Arbutus uva ursi.
BE.\R\VEEI), Veratrura viride.
B EASTINGS, Cidostrum.
BEASTLINGS. Colostrum.
BEATING OF THE HEART, see Heart.
BEAUGENCY, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Beaugency is a quarter of a league from Orleans.
The waters contain subcarbonate of soda, iron,
magnesia, and lime. They arc tonic and aperient.
BEAUMONT ROOT, Gillonia trifoliata.
BEAUVAIS.MI^ERALWATERS OF. These
waters are chalybeate. Beauvais is in Picardio,
France.
BEAVER, Castor fiber— b. Wood, Celtis occi-
dentalis. Magnolia glauca — b. Tree, Magnolia
glauca, M. niacrophylhi.
BEBEERIA. see Bebeeru.
BEliEERINE, see Bebeeru.
BEBEERU, Sipeeri. A tree of Briti.'^h Gui-
ana, which yields two alkalies — Bithcciine, Dibve'.
n'lia, lithce' rill ur Bibcriiie, iind Sipreriiitf ; and
in its properties resemldcs the Cinchonas. It haa
been referred to Ncctmi'dnt Jindiei. Ord. Lau-
rinea;. The timber of the tree is known to ship-
builders by tlie name bibiru or greev-heiu-t. The
Sidph<tte <if Ihbcerifi has been employed in inter-
mittents. Warburg'n Fever Diopn, Tinetii'rn tin-
tifebri'iia Wnrbnv'tji, an empirical antipcriodic
preparation, have l)y some been considered to he
a tincture of the seeds of the Bebeeru, Imt thij is
questionable.
BEO, (F.) Bostriim, Beak. This name has been
applied t" various parts.
BEC UORACOIDIEX, (F.) Cor'acoid beak, is
the end of the coracoid process.
BEG BE CUILLER, Hmn'nhis. An instru-
raent used for the extraction of balls. It consists
of an iron rod, 7 or 8 inches long, having at one
extremity a small cavity, into which the ball is
received to be drawn outwards. See Cochleari-
formis.
BEO DE GRUE MUSQUE, Geranium Mos-
chatum — b. de Giue Robertiii, Geranium Roberti-
anuin — -b. de Lieore, Harelip.
BEO BE LA PLUME A ECRIRE (F.),
Bealc of the Calamus Scri]>io' riim, is a small cavity
at the superior part of the medulla oblongata,
which forms part of the 4th ventricle.
BEC, (Le.) mineral WATERS OF. Bee
is six leagues from Rouen, in Normandy. The
water is strongly chalybeate.
BECCABUNGA, Veronica Beccabunga.
BECH^STHE'SIS, from (ir,^, (ip^oi, 'cough,'
and aiaOnaii, ' sensation.' The excitement or de-
sire to cough.
BECHIA. Tussis.
BECHIAS, Tussis.
BE'CIIICS, Be'ehicn, Beeha, Bec'chica. Be>-
chitii, from (irj^. dnX"?' ' cough,' (F.) Bechiques,
Medicines ada|)ted for allaying cough.
BECHITA, Bechic.
BECIIIUM, Tussilago.
BECHORTHOPN(EA, Pertussis.
BECUIBA, Ibicuiba.
BED, HYDROSTATIC, Water bed -b. Water,
Arnott's, see Water bed.
BED'EtJAR, Bedeguar, Bedeguard, Spoii'r/in
Ci/iios'bati, Fiiiigna Roia'rum, F. Ci/iios'bati, (F.)
Pninnie moii/meiise, Epnnge d'eghniticr. An ex-
crescence, which makes its appearance on dif-
ferent species of wild roses, and which is pro-
duced by the puncture of a small insect,— C'j-
nipa RoHoB. It was formerly employed as a
lithontriptic and vormiuige, but is not now used.
It was slightly astring(mt.
BEDFORD, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bed-
ford is a village, situate on tlie great Western
Turnpike road from Philadcljdiia to Pittsburg, a
few miles east of the chief elevation of the Alle-
ghany mountains. The "Springs" are about a
mile and a half from the village. They are saline
and sulphureous. The most celebrated — the
" Mineral Spring" or " Anderson's Spring"— con-
tains carbonic acid, sulphate of magnesia, chlo-
rides of sodium and calcium, and carbonate of
iron, but none of these articles in great quan-
tity ; hence, the main action of the waters is diu-
BEDLAM
123
BELL METAL
rctic. At Bome distance from the Springs, there
is a chivlylteate water; ami about 10 miles S. W.
oC IJeilforil, at Milliken's Cove, a strong sulphure-
ous spring. The climate of Bedford Springs is
ngreealile. During tlie heat of summer, the
niglits arc generally cool. In the morning of
July 14, lS5;i, the author marked the thermome-
ter, at five o'clock, A. M., at 45°. Three days
before, however, it was at 70° at the same hour.
BEDLAM. M.)rotrophiuin.
BEDLAMITE, Insane.
BEDSTRAW, (Jaliura verum — b. Ladies,
greater, (ialiuni, molhigo, (Jaliuin verum — b.
Rough, Galium asprellum — b. Ladies, rough,
Galium asprellum.
BEE, Sax. heo. A])!n,A. mi:llif'ica seu diimnst'ica,
^li'lix'stt, Mr.Ut'ta, (F.) Abril/e. This insect was
formerly exhibited, when dried and powdered, as
a diuretic.
Bku i>f TiiF, BoNNKT, see Insanity.
BEEBREAD, Propolis.
BEECH, Fagus sylvatica — b. Drop, Orobanche
Virginiaua — b. Drops, false, Ilypopitys lanugi-
nosa.
Berch, Albany, Ptcrospora Andromedca.
Bkki'ii, Mast, see Fagus sylvatica.
BEEDY'S EYES, Viola tricolor.
BEEF ESSENCE, see Beef tea.
Bkbf Tkx, Jh8 bovi' num. An infusion of beef,
much used in debilitating maladies, and in con-
valescence. It may be made as follows: Take
two pounds and a half of lean beef: cut it, in
small pieces, into three partsofiod^crin an earthen
pipkin : let this simmer, but never boil, until the
liquor is consumed to a pint and a half: tlien
strain carefully. It ought to be entirely free
from fat or grease. — Dr. E. J. Seymour.
EHience of beef — as it has been called — maybe
made by putting a pound of good l)eef, freed from
fat, and cut into small i)ieces, into a porter-b(rt-
tle, corking lightly. The bottle must be put into
boiling water, and kept there until the water has
been boiling at least half an hour. As the boil-
ing goes on, the cork may be inserted a little
more tightly, to retain the contents of the bottle.
The juices of the beef are thus separated, and
constitute the 'essence,' which may be seasoned
to the taste. It contains much nutriment.
BE EX, Centaurea bohen.
BEER, Cerevisia — b. Black, see Falltranck —
b. Chowder, see Chowder — b. Pipsissewa, see
Pyrola umbellata.
Bki'-k, Jkws', See Pinus sylvestris — b. Springs,
see Water, Mineral (gaseous.)
Brkr, Spruce, CerccWia Abie'lis, may be
prepared as follows. Take of Esienre of S/jntce,
half a (lint: Pinunto, bruised; Giiujer, bruised;
Hopn, of each, four ounces ; wider, three gallons.
Boil for five or ten minutes; strain, and add of
warm tenter eleven gallons; i/ermt, a pint; Molas-
ses, si's pints. Mi.x and allow to ferment for twenty
Lours. Used as an agreeable drink in summer.
Bker, Tak, see Piuus sylvestris.
BEET, Beta.
BEEST. Colostrnm.
BEESTINGS, Colostrum.
BEETLEWEED', Galax apbylla.
J:KGA IEMENT, Balbuties.
BEGMA. — .according to some, Brefjma, — from
^riaaav w fipnaac^iv., 'to expectorate after cough-
ing.' Coughinir : also, the sputum or expecto-
rated matter.— Hippocrates.
BEGO'NIA. The I'cijonia grnndijlo'rn nnd
B. tnmeiito'sa have astringent roots, which are
used in Peru in cases of hemorrhage, scurvy, low
fevers, Ac.
J3EGUE, Balbus.
BEUEN AlilAD, Centaurea beben — 6, Al-
bum, Centaurea behen — b. Officinarum, Cucu-
balus behen — 5. Itnuge, Siatice limonium — b.
Vulgaris, Cueubalus behen.
BEIIMEX ACKMAR, Statice limonium.
BKIA HALAIjEX, Sempervivum tectorum.
BEIDELSAR, Asclepias procera.
BE 1ST, Colostrum.
BEISTIXGS, Colostrum.
BEISTYN, Colostrum.
BE.JUIO, HabiUa de Carthagena.
BELA-AYE or BE-LAHE, A tonic and
astringent bark of a Madagascar tree. Du-petit-
Thouars and Sonnerat think it may be substi-
tuted for the Simarouba.
BELADAMBOC. A species of convolvulus of
the Malabar coast, which contains an acrid milky
juice. From this a liniment is formed with oil
and ginger, which is used against the bites of
rabid animals.
BE-LAHE. Bela-ave.
BELA-MODAGAM. A kind of Sca'rola of the
Malabar coast, the loaves of which are considered
diuretic and emmcnagogue.
BELAXDRE, (F.) A litter, surrounded with
curtains, in which patients are sometimes carried
to hospitals.
15ELC1IING, Eructation.
BELD, Athrix.
BELEMNOID, Belenoid.
BELEMNOIDES PROCESSUS, Styloid pro-
cesses.
BEL'ENOID, BEL'ONOID, BEL'EMNOID
or BEL'OID, Beletio'i'des or BelcinnoVdia Pro-
(■(■<('«)(», from jSfXof, 'an arrow,' and tiSo;, 'shape.'
This name has been given to styloid processes
in general — ProccHnits beleuo'i'den.
ijELESME, see Bollesmc.
BELESON, Balsam, Mnssronda frondosa.
BKLILLA, Muss.xnda frondosa.
BELlNUiM, Apium Graveolens.
m-AA OCULUS, Belloculus.
BELL, CANTERBURY, Campanula trache-
Hum.
BELLADO.VE, Atropa belladonna.
BELLADON'NA, in tlie Pharmacopoeia of the
United States, is the oDicinal name of the leaves
of Atrop.i Belladonna.
Bi;i,LAno.vxA Baccipera, Atropa belladonna —
b. Trichotoma. Atropa belladonna.
BELLADONNIN, Atropine.
BELLE-BLOME. Narcissus pseudo-narcissus.
BELLE DAME, Atropa belladonna.
BELLEGU. Myrobalanus.
BELLEREGT, Myrobalanus.
BELLESME, MINERAL AVATERS OF.
Bellesme is about three leagues from Montague,
in France. The waters are chalybeate.
BELLEY, MINERAL WATERS OF. The
waters at Belley, department of Ain, in France,
are saline ajierients.
BELLFLOWER, Narcissus pseudo-narcissus.
BELLIDOIDES, Chrysanthemum leucanthe-
mum.
BELLIS, Belbis, ('pretty,') Bellh peren'ms
seu minor seu hiirten'als. Sj/m'pJii/tnm tiiiii'imiim,
Briiineworf, Common Daixy, (Sc.) Eire-ijnica»,
(Prov.) Tiairnicnrts, (F.) Paquerette viriicr, pelile
MarriKerite. Ord. CompositiB. The leaves and
flowers are rather acrid. They were, atone time,
eonsiilered to cure different species of wounds.
See Osmitopsis asteriscoides.
Bellis Houtexsis, Bellis — b. Major. Chrysan-
themum leueanthemutn — b. Jlinor, Bellis — h.
Porennis, Bellis — b. Pratensis, Chrysanthemum
leuoanthemum.
BELLIT, Athrix.
BELL METAL, Cal'coeos, (F.) Ahnin, Mdal
dea cloches. An alloy of copper, zinc, tin, and a
BELLOCULUS
124
BERBERIS
small quantity of antimony, used for making
bolls. The inortiirs of the apothecary are often
formed of this material. They require to be kept
clean, to avoid the formation of verdigris.
BELLOCULUS, Thli Oc'ulng. A kind of gem,
whieii the Assyrians considered efficacious in the
cure of many diseases. The}' imagined that the
figure of an eye could be seen in it, and hence its
uariie. Ili-rK Ei/<', from the god BeL
BKLLON, Colic, metallic.
BELLOfAS. SCO Ile.x major.
BELLOWS' SOUND, Bruit de soufflet — h. s.
Encephalic, see Bruit de snujfht.
Bkllows' Sound, Funic, a single raurmur of
the bellows kind, synchronous with the first sound
of the heart; heard by some observers, and re-
ferred by them to diminished calibre of the um-
bilical arteries, either by pressure or stretching
of the funis, or both.
Bellows' Sound, Plackntal, Brxiit placen-
ta ire.
BELLWORT, SMALLER, Uvularia perfoliata.
BELLY, Ve?iter, from Ir. bol(}, 'the belly, a bag
or pouch' [?]. At the present day, the abdomen.
Formerly, all the splanchnic cavities Were called
bellicH ; — the lower belli/, venter in'fiinun, being
the abdomen ; the middle belly, venter me'dius,
the thorax ; and the upper bell i/, venter sujjre'mus,
the head. Also, the womb. See Veuter.
BELLY-ACII, Colica.
BKLi,y-ACH, DuY, Colica metallica.
Bki.i.v-aoii Root, Angelica lucida.
BELLY-BAND, Belt, Russian.
BELLY-BOUND, Constipated.
BELLY. GOD, Glutton.
BELLY-HARM, Colic.
BELLY, POT, Physeonia.
BELLY-THRA, Colic.
BELLY-TIMBER, Aliment.
BELLY-WARK, Colic.
BELMUSCIIUS, Hibiscus abelmoschus.
BELNILEG, Myrobalanus.
BELOID, Belenoid.
BELOIDES PROCESSUS, Styloid processes.
BELONE, Needle.
BELONODES, Styloid.
BELONOID, Belenoid.
BEL'S EYE, Belloculus.
BELT, RUSSL\N, ]'e?«</-a7e,— vulgarly, Belly-
land, — Abdominal supporter. Abroad bandage
applied to the abdomen, so as to support, and make
methodical pressure upon it. Difterent forms have
been termed obntetric binders, utero-abdominal
supportem, &c.
BELUL'CUM, from jScXof, 'a dart,' and 'tX/fM,
'I draw out.' An instrument used for extracting
darts or arrows. Many instruments of this kind
have been noticed by surgeons. — Ambrose Pare,
Fabricins ah Aqnapendeute.
BELZOE, Benjamin.
BELZOIM. Benjamin.
BELZOIXUM, Benjamin.
BEN, Gnilandina moringa — b. of Judsea, Ben-
jamin — b. Nut. (iuilandina moringa.
BEXATIL Pustule.
BEXEDICTA SYLVESTRTS, Oeum rivale.
BENEDICTUM LAXATIVUM, Confectio
sennas.
BEXEFICE BE LA NATURE, Beneficium
naturrc — b. de Ventre, see Boncficium naturae.
BENEFICIUM NATU'RiB, (F.) lienfjiee de
la n'ltnre. This term is used by the French pa-
thologists for cases in which diseases have got well
without medical treatment. With them, B/'nefice
de nntnri, or fS. de ventre, is synonymous also with
Alvi Pniflu'viiim ; — a spontaneous diarrhoea, often
acting favourably either in the prevention or cure
of disease.
BENEL, Croton racemosum.
BENEOLENS, from bene, 'well,' and olere, 'to
smell.' Eito'des, Snaveokns. A sweet-scented
medicine, as gums, Ac.
BENU, Bangue.
BENGALE INDORUM. Cassumuniar.
BENGAL ROOT, Cassumuniar.
BENGI, Hyoscyamus.
BENIGN', Benig'nns, EnetU'es, (F.) Bfnin,
Benigne. Diseases of a mild character are so
called : as well as medicines whose action is not
violent, as a, Benign Fever, Febria beni'j'na iiiipu'-
tris, <fec.
BENIN, Benign.
BEN'JAMIN, corruption of Ben'znin, Bcnzo'-
innni (Ph. U. S.), B. verum, Anna odora'ta seu
dnlcis, Benjui, Benjuin, Asa or Beu'Jaoy, Henjo'-
innm, Belzue, Belzoim, Ben'zoe, Sty'raeis Benzo'-
ini Bal'samum, Liquor Ci/reni'aens, Croton Ilen-
zoe, Ben of Judce'a, Acor Benzo'in us, S<(1 A c"idum
seu essentia'le seu volat'ile Benzoes, (F.) Benjoin,
Baume Benjoin, Assa donx. A resinous, dry,
brittle substance, the concrete juice of Sii/iyi.c
Benzoin, Arbor Beniiri, Laurus Benzoin, of Su-
matra. The odour is extremely fragwint, and
taste slightly aromatic. It is prineii)ally used
for the preparation of the acid which it contains.
It is also employed in some vulnerary tinctures,
and as an expectorant. Benzoic Acid, A<:"idnin
Benzo'icum, is obtained from it by sublimation.
The purest Benjamin is in amygdaloid masses:
hence called (F.) Benjoin amygdalo'ide.
Benjamin Bush, Laurus benzoin.
Bp^n.tamin, Flowei!R of, Ben'zoic Acid, Ac"-
iduni Benzo'icum seu Benzoyl icum, Flores Benzoes
sell Benzo'ini, Ac'*{diim Benzo'ieum per snblinia-
tio'nem, (F.) Acide Benzoique, Fleurs de Benjoin.
This acid exists in all the balsams, but chiefly in
Benzoin, from which it is obtained by sublima-
tion. It is in vanilla, canella, the urine of in-
fants, and of herbivorous animals. Its odour is
aromatic and fragrant; taste hot, slightly acidu-
lous, and agreeable. The crystals consist of
white, satiny flakes, slightly ductile. It is pro-
bably stimulant; and has been used, as such, ia
chronic catarrh; but it has little efficacy.
BENJAOY, Benjamin.
BENJOIN, Benjamin.
BEN.JOINUM, Benjamin.
BEN.JUL Benjamin.
BEN MOENJA. A Malabar tree. An alexi-
pharmic decoction is made of its roots, in the
country, which is much praised in cases of malig-
nant fever. Its bark, boiled with Calamus aroma-
ticus and salt, forms a decoction used in bites of
poisonous serpents.
BENNE, Sesamum orientale.
BENNET, HERB, Geum urbanum, and G.
Virginianum.
BENOITE, Geum urbanum — h. Aq)(at!qtie,
Geum rivale — b. des Jtuisseau.r, Geum rivale —
b. de Virginie, Geum Virginianum.
BENZENE, Benzole.
BENZIN, Benzole, see Anaesthetic
BENZOATE OF AMMONIA, Ammonia; ben-
zoas,
BENZOE, Benjamin.
BENZOENIL* Vanilla.
BENZOIN, Benjamin — b. Odoriferum, Laurus
Benzoin.
BEN'ZOLE, Benzin, Benzene, T'hene, Ify'dru-
ret of Pheu'yle. A constituent of coal-gas tar,
obtained by distilling coal naphtha. It is a co-
lourless, oleaginous liquid, of agreeable odour.
Sp. gr. 0-85. The vapour, when inhaled, acts as
an anajsthetic.
BERBERINE, sec Oxyacantha Galeni.
BERBERIS, Oxyacantha Galeui — b. Cana-
y densis, see Oxyacantha Galeni.
BERBINE
125
BEZOAR
BET! BINE, Verliena officinalis.
lihltCI-!. Ilcriicleuin s])()ndylium.
BEKEXDAROS, Ocyinum basilicum.
BEKKNICK, Suecinuiu.
BEIIKNICIUM. Potnssa) nitras.
BKIiKN ISKCUiM, Artemisia vulgaris.
BEK(JAM()T', nn,;jnm.,te, Benjnmot'ta, (F.)
BerijiiiiKiitit. A sin;ill orange, of a very agreeable
taste. Jind peculiiir odour. From its rind an oil,
Oleum /itri/u'niii (Ph. U. S.), is obtained, which
js tnu<-li employed as a perfume, and sometimes
in miMliciue. See Citrus mella rosa.
BEK'IIJERI, BciU'ria, Syn'clonus Benbe'-
rin, fiiduHt/n'cloniiH, J'driit'i/nig Bcr'iheri, from
heri in the Singhalese language, which signifies
' weakness ;' therefore, licriieri, ' grout weakness.'
This word is also said to be Iiinduslhanee, and
to mean a eheap. — Bontius. Beriberi is an In-
dian disease, little known in Europe. It con-
sists in debility and tremors of the limbs, — some-
times, indeed, of the whole body; with painful
numbness of the atfected parts, &c.: — the patient
walking doubled, and imitating the movements
of sheep ! Some authors have esteemed it rheu-
matic ; others, paralytic; others, to be a kind of
chorea. It is, almost always, incurable; is rarely
fatal; and is treated by exercise, stimulant fric-
tion, sudorifies, <fec. It is sometimes called
Bar'biera, but this would seem to be a different
disease.
BEBTCOCCE. Prunus armeniaca.
BEltKLKY SPRINGS, see Bath Springs,
BHIirj': XODIFLORE, Slum.
BERL UE, Metamorphopsia.
BER.MU'DAS, CLIMATE OF. Pulmonary
invalids are occasionally sent to Bermuda, but
the principal objection to a winter residence
there, is the prevalence of strong winds; espe-
cially of the dry, sharp, and cold north-west
winds, during the winter and spring. Still, it
affords a goud winter retreat for the phthisical,
from any part of the United States, provided due
care be soli'ctcd in choosing a suitable locality.
The neighbuurhood of Hamilton has been strongly
recommended with this view.
BERXARD THE HERMIT, Cancellus.
BERRIE."^. INDIAN, see Menisi)ermum coc-
culus — b. Turkey, yellow, see Piper cubeba.
BERS. A sort of electuary, composed of pep-
per, seed of the white hyoscyamus, opium, euphor-
bium, saffron, &c. The Egyptians used it as an
excitant. — Prospero Alpini.
BERU, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bern is
in Champagne, Franco. The waters are slightly
chalybeate.
BERULA. Slum nodiflorum — b. Angustifolia,
Sium nodiflorum.
BESASA. Kuta.
BESfOLES. Spectacles.
BESOLV, Want— 6. de Rcujyirer, see Want —
h. de In Vif, Necessar}' of life.
BESS AN EM. A word used by Avicenna, for
redness of the skin, limbs, and face, produced by
the action of cold.
BESSOX. ) c r. 11
BESSONXE, 1 ^'' Gemellus.
BETA. The Beet, Si'c'ida, (F.) Bette, Beffe-
rave. Family/, Chonopodesc. i'cx. ■%«(. Pentan-
dria Digynia. A genus of plants, of which the
following are the chief varieties :
Bkta lly'iuuiiA, Bor)t of Searciti/. Root red,
outside; white, within. Very nutritive; yields
sugar.
Beta Vui.oA'nis Ai.ba, White Beet. The root
jields sncar, and the leaves are eaten as a sub-
stitute for spinach.
Beta Vii.oa'kis Ri'bua. Bed Beet. Root red
and nutritive; yields a small quantity of sugar. I
BETAYNE, Betonica officinalis. I
BETEL, Piper Betel, Chavica hetle. A species
of pepper, cultivated in several parts of India.
The East Indians are in the habit of chewing
the leaves with lime and areca; and they give
the name IJetel to this preparation. It is used in
all the equatorial countries of Asia. Betel is said
to be tonic and astringent. It is also called i?e«c,
Beire, Betle. See Areca.
BETHKOOT, Trillium latifolium — b. Broad-
leaf, Trillium latifolium.
BETISE, Dementia.
BETOIXE, Betonica officinalis — ft. de» Mnv.
tn>T)ies, Arnica moutaua — i. des Savoyurdu, Ar-
nica montana.
BETOX, Colostrum.
BETONICA AQUATICA, Serophularia aqua-
tica.
Beton'icA OFFICtXA'LIS, B. jnirpn'rea, Vet-
ton'ien, Centron, Bet'uny, Wood Betnny, (Old
Eng.) Bettiyite, Pnychot' rophiim, Veroni'ca piir-
pii'rca, (F.) Betoiiie. Order, Labiata;. .SV-.r. Si/xt.
Didynamia Gymnospermia. Betony was in much
esteem amongst the ancients, who employed the
flowers and leaves, in decoction, in gout, sciatica,
cephalalgia, &c. It was so called, according to
Pliny, from being in great repute among the Vet-
tones or Bettones, an ancient people of Spain.
Antonius Musa is said to have written a volume
in praise of it; recommending it in no less than
47 different diseases. It has, however, little or
no virtue. The leaves are said to be aperient,
and the root emetic.
Betonica Paui.i, Veronica.
BETONY, Betonica officinalis— b. Paul's, Ly-
copus sinuatus, Lycopus Virginicus. Veronica — ■
b. Water, Serophularia aqualica — b. AVuod, Beto-
nica officinalis.
BETRE, Betel,
BKTTK, Bctu.
BETTKUAVE, Beta.
BET'ULA ALBA, Y.r,yivSa. The Birch, (So.)
Birk, (F.) Bonlenii conmiini. Order, Bctulaceae.
The 3'oung leaves are slightly odorous, astrin-
gent, and bitter. They are applieil to wounds
and ulcers. They have been regarded as anti-
scorbutic and anthelmintic. The tree furnishes
a saccharine juice, which is considered antiscor-
butic and diuretic.
Betiii^a Emahginata, Alnus glutinosa — b. Glu-
tinosa, Alnus glutinosa.
Bktula Lenta, Siceet Birch, Blnvk Birch,
Cherry Birch, Mountain 2fitho(jciny, is an Ame-
rican species, the bark and leaves of which have
the smell and taste of Gaultheria procumbens.
An infusion is sometimes niadeof them, and used
as an excitant and diaphoretic. The volatile oil
is nearly, if not wholly, identical with that of
Gaultheria.
JIEURRE, Butter — 6. de Bnmbouc, Butter of
bambouc — h. de Cacao, Butter of cacao — b. de
Coco, Butter of cocoa — b. Vetjetale, Persea gratis-
sima.
BEUVRIGNY, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Beuvrigny is in the vicinity of Bayeux, in Nor-
mandy. The water is chalybeate.
BEVERAGE, Drink.
BEVUE, Diplopia.
BEX, Tussis— b. Convulsiva, Pertussis— b. Hu-
mida. Expectoration — b. Theriodcs, Pertussis.
BEXIS, Tussis.
BEXU'GO. Under this name, a purgative
root was formerly introduced into Europe from
Peru. It is supposed to have been the root of a
Ilippocratea.
BEZ'O.AR, i?f2'<7«r, Bez'ehard, Pa'znhar, from
Persian Pa, 'against,' and zahar, poison. Lapis
Bezoar'dicux, Cal'culus Bez'oar, Eiitcrol'ithiiK Be-
zour'dua, Bczoard. A calculous concretion, found
B^ZOARD D'ALLEMAGXE 126
Bicno
in the stomach, intestines, and bladder of ani-
mals. Wonderful virtues were formerly attri-
buted to these Bezoars. There were two great
varieties: the liez'unr orientn'le, Aii'imal Ih-zonr'-
ticiim orieiita'le, formed in the fourth stomach of
the gazelle of India {Gazel'lit lu'dica, or rather
Aiitito'piis cerricn'pni :) and the Bez'onr occiden-
t't'le. Aiiimiil Brz'ini'ticiim occidentn'le, found in
the fourth stomach of the wild yont or chamois
of Peru. These substances were esteemed to he
powerful alexipharmics ; but the former was the
more valued. It was believed that no poison,
and no eruptive, pestilential, or putrid disease,
could resist its influence. As so many virtues
were ascribed to it, other animal concretions were
substituted for it; and factitious Bezoards were
made of crabs' eyes and claws, bruised and mixed
with musk, ambergris, (fee.
Bez'oar Bovi'num, (F.) Bezoard de Bceuf, Be-
eoard of the beef. A concretion formed in the
fourth stomach of beeves; also, a biliary calcu-
lus found in the gall-bladder.
Bez'oard of the Deer, B. of the Lnch'rymal
Fossd of the Deer, Deer's Tenrs. A moist, highly
odorous, fatty matter, found below the anterior
canthus of the orbit of the red deer — Cervim el'e-
phas. It has been used, like castor, as an anti-
spasmodic, in the dose of from 5 to 15 grains, two
or three times a day.
Bezoar EQui\iisr, Bezoard of the horse — b.
Hystrieis, Bezoard of the Indian porcupine.
Bez'oard op Cavmax. This was once much
prized. It is now unknown.
BEZOARD D'ALLEMAGNE, iEgagropila.
Bez'oard of the Chamois, and B. of the
Horse, Beznnr eqni'num, Hippol'ithm, &c., exhi-
bit their origin in the name.
Bez'oard of the Inoian Por'ciipine, Bez'oar
ffi/n'tricii, Lfipi's Purci'iiHS seu llriliiceii'ah, Petro
del Form, (F.) Bezoard de Pore-Epic, was for-
merly the dearest of all the Bezoards, and was
sold at an enormous price in Spain and Portu-
gal.
Bez'oard, Mineral, Antimonium diaphoreti-
cum — b. Vegetable, see Calappitc.
BEZOAR'DIC, Bezonr'diciis, (F.) Bezortrdiqne ;
concerning the bezoard. Bezoardic medicines are
those supposed to possess the same properties
with the bezoard; as antidotes, ale.xiteria, alexi-
pharmics, cordials.
BEZOARDICA RADIX, Dorstenia contra-
yerva,
BEZOAR'DICUM SATUR'NI. A pharma-
ceutical preparation, regarded by the ancients as
antihysteric. It was formed of jirotoxide of lead,
butter of antimony, and nitric acid.
BEzoAR'nicnsi Hcma'num. Urinary calculi
were formerly employed under this name as
powerful alexipharmics.
Brzoau'dicum JoviA'Li5. A sort of greenish
powder, used as a diaphoretic, and formed of an-
timony, tin, mercury, and nitric acid.
BkzuAr'dicdm Luna'pe. A medicine formerly
regarded as a specific in epilepsy, convulsions,
megrim, ko. It was prepared of nitrate of sil-
ver, and butter of antimony.
BrzoAR'Dicuir Martia'lij. A tonic medicine,
nsed by the ancients in diarrhoea. It was pre-
pared from the tritoxide of iron and butter of
antimony.
Bkzoar'dictim Mercuria'lk. A medicine,
formerly vaunted as an antisyphilitic, and pre-
pared from the mild chloride of mercury, butter
cf antimony, and nitric acid.
Bp.zoAR'Dicuir Minera'le; the deutoxido of
antimony; so called because its properties were
6U))posed to resemble those of animal bezoard.
Bszoak'dicum Sola'ee. A diaphoretic medi-
cine, prepared of gold filings, nitric acid, and
butter of antimony.
Bezoar'dioiim Ven'erts. A pharmaceutical
preparation, formerly employed in Icprn, diseases
of the brain, <fee.; which was made from filings
of copper, butter of antimony, and nitric acid.
BIIANG, Bangue.
BI, as a prefix to words, has the same signi-
eation as l)i.
BIAIOTIIANATI, Biothanati,
BIBERINE, see Bebeeru.
BIBFRU, Bebeeru.
BIBITORIUS, Rectus internus oenli.
BlBLIOd'RAPlIY, MED'ICAL, from Pi^Xinv,
'a book,' and ypa0w, 'I describe.' A descri[)tion
or history, or skill in the knowledge, of medical
books. The most distinguished medical biblio-
graphers have been : J. A. Van df.r Lindem,
Auistelod. Ifi62, octavo, (L.) M. Lii>enu's,
Francf. ad Mcem. 1679, fol. (L.) G. A. Merck-
I.EIN, Norimb. 1086, (L.) J. J. Manoet, Genev.
1695 to 17.31, (L.) Tarin (anatomical), Paris,
175.'], (P.) A. vox IIaller, Ziirich, 1774, Ac,
(L.) ViGiLiis vox CRtiETZENFELD (surgical),
Vindob. 1781, (L.) C. G. Kuhx, Lips. 1791, (L.)
C. L. Schweikard (anat., phys., and legal medi-
cine), Stuttgard, 1 796 to 1 800, (L.) G. G. Plouc-
QUET, Tubing. 1808 to 1814, (L.) C. F. Burdach,
Gotha, 1810 to 1821, (G.) ,1. S. Ersch, (since
1750). Leipz. 1822, (G.) Tn. Cii. Fr. Ensux,
(of Germany, since 1750.) Berlin, 1826, (G.)
J. B. MoNTFALoox, Paris, 1827, (F.) J. Forbes,
M.D., F.R.S., London, 18.35. A. C. P. Calli-
SEX, Copenhagen, 1845, (G.) E. Morwitz, Leip-
zig, 1849, (G.)
BICAIIDALIS, Retrahens auris.
BICAUDA'TUS, «n«/a'^(«, from i/, and candn,
'a tail;' 'double- tailed.' A monster having two
tails.
BTCEPIIA'LIUM, Dicepha'Unm. A hybrid
word, from hi and Ktipa\ri, 'head.' Sauvages ap-
plies this epithet to a very large sarcoma on the
head, which seems to form a double head.
BTCEPHALUS, Dicephalus.
BICEPS, from bi, and caput, 'head.' That
which has two heads. This name has been par-
ticularly given to two muscles; one belonging to
the arm, the other to the thigh.
Biceps Exter'ncs Miis'culus. The long por-
tion of the Triceps Brachin'lis. — Douglas.
Biceps Flexor Cruris, B. Cruris, Biceps,
(F.) Biceps Crural, Biceps JFerd'oris, Is'chio-fem'-
oro-peroiiier — (Ch.) A muscle on the posterior
part of the thigh ; one head arising from the tu-
berosity of the ischium, and the other from a
groat part of the linea aspera. It is inserted into
the top of the fibula. It serves to bend the leg
on the thigh.
Biceps^ Flexor Cu'biti, Biceps, B. Bra'chii
seu nianvs seu inter'nus seu iiiter'nna hii'meri,
Cor'aco-radia'lis, (P.) Seapulo-radiaf, (Ch.)—
Biccp-i Brachial. A muscle, situate at the ante-
rior and internal part of the arm ; extending
from the edge of the glenoid cavity and from the
top of the coracoid process to the tuberosity of
the radius. It bends the fore-arm upon the arm.
BWFIE DE MEll Sea Slv;j. A molluscous
anmial, belonging to the genus Ilolothuria, which
is caught amongst the islands of the Feejee group.
New Guinea, <fec., and when prej)ared finds a
ready sale in China, where it is used as an ingre-
dient in rich soups.
BfCHET, Terra Orleana.
BlCHICiri^E, probably corrupted from M,
Pvxoi, 'cough.' Pectoral medicines, composed
of liquorice juice, sugar, blanched almonds, Ac.
— Rhazes.
BICIIIOS, Dracunculus.
BICHO, Dracunculus— b. di Culo, Proctocaco,
Bicnos
127
BINDWEED
IBICnOS. A Portuguese name for the worms '
that petu'irate the toes of people in the Inilies ;
and which are destroyed by the oil of the cashew
nut.
UrCTP'ITAL, from hicepii {hi and caput), 'two
headed.' llelating to the biceps.
Bicip'iTAT, Groove, (F.) Coulinse ou Goutticre
hii'ijiilalc, CoidiuHe hiimerale, (Cn.,) is a loni^itu-
dinal f;ri)ovo, situate between the tul)er()sities of
the OS humeri, which lodges the long head of the
biceps.
BiCIP'lT.VL Tu'bercI,K, BlrJpitnl tiiheros'iti/,
(F.) Tiihfrosite hici/iltitic ; a prominence near
the upper extremity of the radius, to which the
temlon of the biceps is attached.
niCORXH liUDE, Ditrachyceros.
BICUS'PII), Ih'ciixpida'tiis, from hi and cvupis,
'a spear.' That which has two points or tuber-
cles.
Licrs'piT) Truth, Dentei BicuRpidn'ti, (F.)
DentH liiruKptdfen. The small molarcs. See Molar.
BIDDY, Pedieulus.
BIDEXS ACMKLLA, Spilanthus acmclla.
BIDKT, (F.) Jiidet ; pronounced beedx;/. A
small horse formerly allowed to each trooi)er for
carrying his baggage. Hence, perhaps, applied
to a chamber bathing apparatus, which has to be
bestridden. It is a useful arrangement, in case
of hemorrhoids, prolapsus ani, affections of the
sexual organs, &c.
BIKCIIO, Bische.
JilERE, Cerevisia— t. Medicinale, see Cerevi-
sia.
BIESTINGS, Colostrum.
lUFKMORO-CALCANlEN, Gastrocnemii.
BI'FURCATIOX, Bifnt-cn'tlo, from hi and
fiircn. 'a fork.' Division of a trunk into two
branches; as the hi/urcatioii of the trachea,
aorta, Ac.
BIGARADE, see Citrus aurantium.
BIGAl^TKH. Digastricus.
BKiBKLLIED. Abdominous.
BKi BLOOM, Magnolia niacrophylla.
BKJBOXE, see Kentucky, Mineral Waters of.
BIGPAUNCHED, Abdominous.
BIGEMINAL BODIES, Quadrigemina tuber-
cula.
niGGAR. A disease of Bengal, remarkable
for the intensity and danger of the cerebral
symptoms. — Twining.
BIG-LEAF, Magnolia macrophylla.
BIGLESt, see Strabismus.
BIGNO'NIA CAPREOLA'TA, 5. crncig"era;
indigenous. The root and plant are employed,
like sarsaparilla, in infusion and decoction, in
syphilis, chronic rheumatism, and in cachexias
in general.
BiGNONi.4 Catat.pa, Catalpa— b. Crucigera, B.
capreolata.
Bigno'nia iN'riCA. The leaves are employed
in India, as emollients, to ulcers.
BiGNONiA Leucox'vt.on-, Tnnnpet tree. A South
American tree, the sap of which is the surest an-
tidote against the manchineol. — Schleiden.
BinxoxiA Radicans, Tecomaradicans — b. Sem-
pervirons, Gelseminum nitidum.
r.T.TOX. see Pinus sylvestris.
BIKII. Aconitum ferox.
BILATE OF SODA, PicromeL
BIL\TER \L SYMMETRY, see Svmmetrv.
BILAZ.\Y. MINERAL WATERS OF. Bila-
7ay is a town in France, two leagues from Thouar,
department of Deux Sevres, near which is a ther-
mal sulphureous spring. Temperature about 77°
Fahrenheit. .„ , -n i
BILBERRY, Yaccinium myrtillus— b. Red,
Vaccinium vitis idita.
BILE, Bilia, Fel, Chol'os, Chole, Cholcr, (F.)
Bile, FieJ. A yellow, greenish, viscid, bitter,
nauseous fluid, secreted by the liver. It is dis-
tinguished into hepatic and cystic ; according as
it flows immediately into the duodenum from the
liver or from the gall-bladder. It contains, ac-
cording to Muratori, water; a peculiar fatty
matter; colouring matter {Cholepi/r'rhin or Bili-
phcp.'iii, Matiire Jaime de la Bile; cholcsterin,
combined with soda; picromcl or biliii ; extract
of flesh, mucus; soda, phosphate of soda; phos-
phate of lime, and chloride of sodium.
The use of the bile is to remove from the body
superfluous hydro-carbon ; and it is j)robably in-
servient to useful purposes in digestion.
Bir>E, Furunculus — b. Black, Atrabilis — h. de
Bci'iif, see Bile — h. Bepantlne, Icterus.
Bile op the Bear, Gall of the Bear, Fel Umi,
was thought to be anti-epileptic ; 'and that of the
Eel, Fel a7i(juil'l(B, to facilitate labour.
Bile of the Ox, Gall of the Ox, Ox Gall, Fel
Taiiri seu Boris seu Bovi'unm, (F.) Bile ou Fiel
ou Atner de Bieuf, was once reputed cosmetic and
detergent, anti-otalgic and emmenagogue; as
well as to possess the power of facilitating labour.
It has also been given as a bitter stomachic and
anthelmintic; and as a tonic and laxative, in
cases of deficiency of the biliary secretion.
Bile op the Swine, Bilis porei'ua, inspissated,
has been used in the same cases as the bile of
the ox.
BIL'IARY, Bilia' ris, Bilia' riiis, Fel'leua,
(F.) Biliaire. That which relates to bile.
Bil'iahy Appaua'tus, JL onjans, B. passar/es.
The collection of parts that concur in the secre-
tion and excretion of bile — viz., the liver, pori
biliari or tubuli biliferi ; hepatic, cystic, and
choledoch ducts, and gall-bladder.
Bii/iARY Conciie'tions are concretions found
in some parts of the biliary apparatus.
BiLiAuy Ducts, Pori biliarii.
BlIAEUX, Bilious.
BILIA'TION, Bilia'tio; from hilis, 'bile.'
The excretion of bile; as urination means the
excretion of urine.
BILIFUL'VINE; from hilis, 'bile,' and /«;.
viis, 'reddish yellow.' The colouring matter of
the bile of the ox. — Berzelius.
BILIMBI, Averrhoa bilimbi.
BILIMBING TERES, Averrhoa bilimbi.
BILTN, PicromeL
BIL'IOUS, Bilio'sus, Cliol'iexis, Chnl'i„8, Fel-
lin'eiis, Ej)ich'(dos, Picroeh'olus, Fel'leus, (F.)
Bilieu.v; from hilis, 'bile.' That which relates
to bile, contains bile, or is produced by bile. An
epithet given to certain constitutions and diseases,
which are believed to be the effect of superabun-
dance of the biliary secretion; as Bilious tempe-
ramriit, B. symptoms, B. fever,
BILIPIItEIN, see Bile.
BILIS FLUXIO, Cholera morbus.
BILITICUS, Cholagogue.
BILIVERD'IN, from hilis, 'bile,' and viridis,
'green.' On adding an acid to a solution of the
yellow colouring matter of bile, a precipitate of
green flocculi takes place, which possesses all the
properties of chlorophyll, or the green colouring
matter of leaves. This is the hiliverdin of Ber-
zelius.
BILNA, MINERAL WATERS OF, see Pullna.
BILOCULAR. see Unilocular.
BTLFMni BITING-BING, Mains Indica.
BI'MAXUS, from hi and mainis. 'a hand.'
One that has two hands. A term applied only
to man. because he is the sole mammif'erous ani-
mal that possesses two perfect hands.
BIXDER. Bandage.
BIXDERS. OBSTETRIC, see Belt, Russian.
BINDWEED. Polygonum aviculare — b. Fid-
dle-leaved, Convolvulus panduratus — b. Great,
BINDWOOD
128
BISMUTH
Convolvulus gepium — b. Iledoie, Convolvulus
sepiuui — h. Liivender-leaveil, Convolvulus Can-
tabric;i — h. Sea, Cdiivolvulus soldauclla — b. Vir-
ginian. Cdnviilvulus pan<lurattfs.
BIXDWOOD. Ileiiera helix.
BIXICniirM15A. Phyllanthus urinaria.
BIXOC'UIiAR, Biuitciila'n's : same etymon as
tbe next, lli'lating to or affeetinp; both eyes' — as
'binociildr ii-.iiin' — vision with both eyes; or from
impressions made upon both retinae, which are
amalijimiiited into iii)ii/le vision.
Bl'XOC'ULUS, Biii'ocle, Diophthnl'mica Fan' -
cio. Or' nils diiph.e, from hi and ociilioi, 'an ej'e.'
(F.) CEi! double. A bandage applied over both
eyes. It was also formerly called Divplithnl'-
miis.
BIN'SICA. A Rabbinical terra for disorder
of the mind. Accordinp; to Van IIelmont, an
atrophy of the orjran of imagination.
BIOCIIYMIA, Chymistry, vital.
BlOI). Vis vitalis.
BIODYNAM'ICS, Bindynam'ica, Biodynam'-
ice, Bionoph'ia, frcnn /Sio;, 'life,' and ivvafus,
'power,' 'force.' The doctrine of the vital ac-
tivity or forces.
BIOGAMIA, Mac^netism, animal.
BIOL'OGY, from /?(0f, 'life,' and Xoyo;, 'a de-
scription.' The doctrine of life or of living bo-
dies. — Physiology. " Biolnr/icnl phenomena" are
those presented by living bodies.
B 1 L Y C H ' N 1 N, Biolych'mnm, from /?iof ,
'life,' and \vxvtov. 'a lamp.' Innate heat, vital
heat, animal heat. Lych'niMn, Lychnid'itim,
TherwHin em'phi/tum, Fhvnma seu Flam'mrda
vita'tifi seu cordis. Also, a secret preparation of
which Bkoitn' and BuncuAVE make mention.
BIOLYSIS, see Biolytic.
BIOLYT'IC, Bio/i/t'icits,- from /?(o?, 'life,' and
>t)ff(f, ' solution.' Relating to the destruction of
life. A 'bioh/fic agent' is one that tends to
liol'i/sis. or destruction of life. A depressing
agent. — Rchnltz.
BI0.-\1AGNETISMUS, Magnetism, animal.
BIONO.-MY, Phvsiologv.
BIOPII^ENOMENOLOGTA, Physiology.
BIOS, (iias. Life. Also, what is necessary for
the preservation of life.
BIOSOPIIIA, Biodynamics.
BIOSTATICS, Statistics, medical.
BIOTAX'Y, Taxon'omij, from /3iof, 'life,' and
rafif, -order, arrangement.' The arrangement or
co-ordination of living organisms, according to
their external characters.
BIOTK. Life.
BIOTHAN'ATI. nimofhmi'nti, from /Sioj,
'life,' and ^avaroi, ' death.' Those who die of a
violent denth very suddenly, or as if there was
no space between life and death.
BIOTIC. Vital.
BIOTICS, Plivsiology.
BIOTOMIA. Vivisection.
BIOTOS. Life.
BIPARl'ETAL, Bipnrieta'Iio, (F.) Biparie-
tnl, from hi and pnrietale (os), 'the parietal bone.'
An epithet for the diameter of the cranium from
one parietal fossa to the other.
BIPARIETAL SUTURE. Sagittal suture.
BIPIX'NA, from hi, and pinna, 'a wing-
feather.' A term used by the ancients for a
diminutive penis, not exceeding in size two
quills.
BIR, Thorax.
BIRA. Cerevisia,
BIRCH, Retiila alba— b. Black, Betula lenta—
b. Cherrr, Betula lenta — b. Sweet, Betula lenta.
BIRDS' BREAD. Sedum acre.
BIRDS' NEST, Ilypopitys lanuginosa.
BIRK, Betula alba.
BIRTII, Parturition — b. Cross, Presentation,
preternatural — b. Live, see Born alive — b. Plural,
see MultiparouH.
BIRTliWOUT, Aristolocbia— b. Snakeroot,
Aristolocliia ser])entaria.
BISCHE, Biecho. A malignant kind of dy-
sentery, which often prevails in the island of
Trinidad.
BISCUIT, Biseoc'tus; bis, 'twice,' and coctiis,
'baked,' (F.) his and ciiit, 'twice baked.' A
kind of dry, hard bread, or cake, which is va-
riously made; and, when without eggs or butter,
is easy of digestion. It was formerly called JJi-
pyri'tes, and Di'pyros. MKr)lc"iNAL on Mi;i)'i.
CATUD Biscuits, (F.) Biscuits Medivindu.c, Musse-
paiiis, Macarons, are occasionally made by add-
ing to biscuit paste a medicinal solution or
powder, and baking the mass.
BISCUIT, MEAT. An alimentarj' prepara-
tion, proposed by Jlr. G. Borden, Jr., of Texas,
which consists in combining the matters, ex-
tracted from meat by boiling, with flour, so as to
form biscuits; which keep well, and are of course
nutritive.
BISCUITS MEDICINA UX, see Biscuit.
BISERMAS, Salvia sclarea.
BISFERIENS, Dicrotus.
BISII, Aeonituin ferox.
BISHOP'S WEED, Ammi.
BISLINGUA, Ruscus hypoglossum.
BISMALVA, Althjea.
BISMUTH, Aiitimo'ninm aJbi/m, CJioI'citm,
Lnna imperfcc'tci, Stannnm (jlncia'le seu cine'rciim,
B ism n't /ill III, Wisinu'thiim, Bei/nliis of Jiis'iinitli,
Mcircuei'ln, Tin (jlnss, (F.) Einin gris, E. de
Glace. A metal, in spieular plates, of a yel-
lowish-white colour; s. gr. 9.822 ; fusible at 40(1°
Fahrenheit, and volatilizable at a high tempera-
ture. It is used only in the preparation of the
subnitrate.
Bismuth, Nitrate op, Bismuth, Subnitrate of
— b. Oxide of. Bismuth, Subnitrate of— b. Oxide
of, white. Bismuth, Subnitrate of— b. Regulus of,
Bismuth.
Bismuth, Subnitrate of, Bismv'tJii svhni'ims
seu JVifras, Jllarcasi'ta alba, Plnmbim ciiie'reum,
Ulagiste'rinm Marcasi'tm seu Bismnthi, liismii'-
tlium Nit'ricum seu Siihnit'ricnm, Kitras Snhbis-
nin'tJiicnm, Ca/x Vismu'thi. Bismn'thiim oxydidii'-
tum album, Bismnthiim, ulhnm, Siibaz'otns hismn'-
ticns. Oxide of Bismnth, Nitrate of Bismuth,
White Bismnth, Trisnitrate of Bismuth, White
Oxide of Bismuth. 3!arj"istery of Bismnth, Pearl
White, Spanish White. (F.) 'Sonsnitrate ou soiis-
azotnte de bismnth. Oxide hlanc de B., Bhnic de
ford, Blanc de perle. (Bismnth. in frnstulis, ^j.
Acid nitric, f ^ij. Aq. deslill. q. s. Mix a fluid-
ounce of distilled water with the nitric acid, and
dissolve the bismuth in the mixture. When the
solution is complete, pour the clear li(|uor into
three pints of distilled water, and set the mixture
by, that the powder may subside. Lastly, having
poured ofi" the supernatant fluid, wash' the sub-
nitrate of bismuth with distilled water, wrap it
in bibulous paper, and dry with a gentle heat.
Ph. U. S.) It is considered to be tonic and
antispasmodic, and has been chiefly used in
gastrodynia.
Bismuth, Trisnitrate of, Bismuth, sub-
nitrate of.
Bismuth, Vat.e'rianate of, Bismn'thi vnleri-
a'nas, Bismn'thum raUriiin'icnm. Prepared by
mixing a neutral solution of oxide of bismuth in
nitric acid, with valerianate of soda ; washing,
and drying the precipitate. Used in g.nstrodynin,
chronic gastralgia, neuralgia, and chronic palpi-
tation, as a nervine. Dose, i a grain to 2 "rains,
three or four times a day, in pill.
BiS-MUTii, White, Bisinuth, suianitrate of.
BISMUTIII NITRAS
]29
BL.ESOPODES
BTSMUTIir NITRAS. Bismuth, subnitrate
of — I). Valoriiiniis, Bismuth, valerianate of.
BISMUTllUM. Bismuth— b. Album. Bismuthi
subnitnis — b. Nitricum, Bismuth, subnitrate of —
b. Oxyilulatuin album, Bismuth, subnitrate of —
b. Subnitric-um, Bismuth, subnitrate of — b. Vale-
rianicum, Bismuth, valerianate of.
BISPIRU.S, Dipnoos.
BIS.SUM, Hydrangea arborescens.
BISTORT, OFFICINAL, Polygonum bistorta
— b. \'irL'inian, Polygonum virgininnum.
BIST'iRTA, Polygonum bistorta.
JilSTOllTE, Polygonum bistorta.
n/STO/lTIER, (F.) A name given by the
Phiinit'ici'eii to a long wooden pestle used for
reducing soft substances to powder, and in the
preparation of electuaries.
lilSTOURI, (¥.) Pislorten'sia yln'dim, Scnl-
pcl'lns, Scnl'pcnm, Din'tonnj. A small cutting-
knife, u.sed in surgery, — so called, according to
lluet, from the town of Pistori, which was for-
merly celebrated for the manufacture of those
instruments. A bistoury has the form of a small
knife, aTid is composed of a blade and a handle.
The blade, which is most commonly movable in
the handle, maybe fixed by a button, spring, &c.
When fixed in the handle, the bistouri is called
by the French. li. il lame fixe ou dormnnte.
The chief bistouries are: — 1. The straight B.
(F.) n. droit, in which the blade and cutting
eilge are straight, the point being fine, round, or
square. 2. The convex B. (F.) /L convene ; the
blade of which is convex at the cutting edge,
concave at the back. 3. The concavb B. (F.)
B. concave ; the blade of which is Concave at its
edge, and convex at the back. 4. Bmint-pointeb
B. (F.) 7i. bniitoini^ ; the blade of which has a
button at its extremity. 5. The blunt or probe-
pointed BisTOi'Ry OF Pott; concave at its cut-
ting edge, and its point blunt; so that it can be
carried on the palmar surface of the index finger,
to divide the stricture, in strangulated hernia.
Sir Astlcy Cooper has recommended a useful
modification of this, to avoid wounding the intes-
tine, shoulil it come in contact with the edge of
the knife. His Bistoury has an edge of not more
than eight lines in length, situate about five lines
from the point. 6. Bistouri a la lime, (F.) is
a straight bistoury ; the blade fixed in the handle,
the extremity with a button, and the edge made
with a file. It is chiefly used for dilating parts.
7. Bistouri Royal, (F.) A Bistouri used in ope-
rating upon Louis XIV., for fistula in ano. 8.
BiSTOUiu GASTRiQtiE. (F.) A Complicated instru-
ment, invented by Alorand, for dilating wountls
of the abdomen. 9. Bistouri caciik, 7?. heniiaiie,
ou Atlrdpc-loiirdaiid de liieiiiKiiie, Forceps de-
cepto'rid. A curveil bistouri, the blade of which
is placed in a canula, whence it issues on pressing
a spring.
The word Jiistonri is used by the French, at
times, where we would employ knife.
BITCH-DAIKJHTER. Incubus.
BITNOIiKN. Salt of nitii'meii, Padnoon, Son-
chcrlooii, Kliala miinuc. A white, saline sub-
Stance, which is a Hindoo preparation of great
antiquity, and has been supposed to be the Sal
anphalti'tes and S((l Sodome'niis of the ancients.
It is used by the Hindoo in the prevention or
cure of almost all diseases.
BITIIXIMAl/CA, Gan'terannr. Two unmean-
ing words, used by Dolaeus, to designate an active
principle supposed to have its seat in the stomach,
and to pre-iide over chymification, &c.
BITIOS DE KIS, Proctocace.
BITTER, Amarus — b. Bark, Pinckneya pu-
hens — b. Bloom, Chironia angularis — b. Holy,
Hiera picra — b. Iledberry. Cornus Florida — b.
Root, Apocynum androsaemifoliuui, Gcntiana
9
Catesbaci, Menyanthes verna — b. Sweet night-
shade, Solanum Dulcamara — b. Sweet vine, So-
lanum Dulcamara — b. Welter's, Acid, earba/.utic.
BIT'TERNESS,vln(flrrj'<H't/o, Amarit'ips, Aiiut'-
ror, Pi'cria, (F.) Amertume. A particular taste,
which belongs to many substances. In some
diseases there is a sense of bitterness felt in the
mouth.
BITTERS, COLUMBO, Tinctura Calumbce —
b. Spirit, Tinctura gentian® composita — b. Wine,
Vinum gentianao compositum.
BITTERSWEET, Solanum dulcamara.
BITTERWEED, Ambrosia trifida.
BITTERWOOD TREE, Quassia.
BITTOS. A disease, in which the chief symp-
tom is an acute pain in the anus. — Chomel.
BITUME DE JUDEE, Asphaltum.
BITUMEN, GLUTINOUS, Pissasphaltum —
b. Judaicum, Asphaltum — b. of Judwa, Asphal-
tum^b. Petroleum, Petrolasnm — b. Malta, Pi.ssas-
phaltum — b. Salt of, Bitnoben— b. Solidum, As-
phaltum.
BIVENTER, Digastricus — b. Cervicis, Corn-
plexus musculus — b. Maxillfe, Digastricus.
BIVENTRAL LOBE OF THE CEREBEL-
LUM, see Lobe, biventral.
BIXA AMERICANA, see Terra Orleana — b.
Orleana, see Terra Orleana — b. Orellana, see
Terra Orleana.
BLABK, Wound.
BLACCIyE, Rubeola.
BLACIA, Debility.
BLACKBERRY, AMERICAN, see Rubus
fruticosus — b. High or Standing, see Rubus fru-
ticosus. — b. Low, Rubus trivialis.
BLACK BOTTLE, see Infusum Sennaj.
BLACK DOSE, see Infusum Sennce.
BLACK DRAUGHT, see Infusum Sennse.
BLACK DROP, Gutt» nigrse.
BLACK LION. A term given to a sloughing
syphilitic ulcer, under which the British soldiers
suffered greatly in Portugal.
BLACK ROOT, Aletris farinosa, Pterocaulon
pycnosta^'hvum. Leptandria purpurea.
BLACKAVATER, Pyrosis.
BLACTIiE, Rubeola.
BLADDA. Buttermilk.
BLADDER, Urinary Bladder.
Bladder, F ascic' ul ated. A condition
of the bladder in which the interior of the
organ is marked by strong reticulated ridges or
columns.
Bladder, Gall, see Gall Bladder — b. Irrita-
ble. Cysterethismus.
Bladder, Sac'culated. A condition of the
bladder, in which the mucous coat protrudes
through the muscular, so as to produce a hernia,
which may go on increasing, so as to form a
vm'ical sac'ctdiia or appen'di.r rpni'ccp..
Bladder, Swim, Air bladder — b. Urinary, see
Urinary Bladder.
BLADEBONE, Scapula.
BLADOCH. Buttermilk.
BLADON SPRINGS. Mineral springs in
Alabama, about 85 miles from Mobile, which are
said to be similar in composition to those of Selt-
zer, Spa, and Aix-la-Chapelle, of Europe.
BLADUM, Ble.
BLAEBERRY, Vaccinium myrtillns.
BL.^'SIT.\S, Blwsa lini/iin. Someauthors have
used this word as synonymous with stammering.
See Balbuties. Sauvages understands by it a
defect in pronunciation, which consists in substi-
tuting soft consonants for those that are hard;
as the z for s, the d for t, the s for G and j, Ac.
Also, Lisping, Tratdin'miis, Trau'lotes, (F.) Ble-
siti, Blc (parlcr).
BLiESOPODES, see Kyllosis.
BL^SOPUS
130
BLENNOGENOUS
EL.ESnpUS, see Kyllosis.
1;L.K8US. a distortion; especially the out-
vriud (listoition of the le<;s. Also, a stoimnerer.
BLAFARD, (Y.) PaVlidns, PnlUd'ulus. This
epitl'.ctis soojctiuics given to the skin, when pale
and dull ; but, most frequently, to the flesh of a
wound, when it has lost its colour, and become
white. The word is, also, sometimes used syno-
l.ymously with Albino.
DLAIN, (Sax.) blejene. Bleine. A pustule; a
botch ; a blister. In Scotland, a mark left by a
wound ; the discolouring of the skin after a sore.
— Jauiieson.
BLAK OF THE EIE, Pupil.
BLAXO D' ARGENT, Plurabi subcarbonas—
I. fie Balchie, Cetaeeum — h. de Cerua^e, Plumbi
subcarbonas — b. de Crems, Plumbi subcarbonas
— b. de Fnrd, Bismuth, subnitrate of — b. de
Kreniiiitz, Plumbi subcarbonas — /). de Krenm,
Plumbi subcarbonas — b. de I'CEil, Sclerotic — 6.
d'(Eitf, Albumen ovi — b. de Perle, Bismuth, sub-
nitrate of — b. de Plomb, Plumbi subcarbonas — b.
de Zinc, Zinci oxvdum.
BLANC-.V ANGER (f .), Cibus alhis, Leuco-
ph(i'(jiinn, Leiicoph'(it/iim, Argi/rotroplie'ma. An
animal jelly, so called on account of its colour,
combined with an emulsion of sweet ahnonds, to
which sugar has been added, and some aromatic.
It is sometimes prescribed as a nutriment in con-
valescence and chronic diseases.
BLANC-RAISIN, Blanc Rhazis.
BLANC RIIAZIS, Blane-raisiu. An ointment
composed of cerusa, white wax, and olive oil.
BLANCA, Plumbi subcarbonas.
BLANCH, from (F.) blanchir, 'to whiten,
to bleach.' To whiten by depriving of the outer
rind; as 'to blanch, almonds:' i.e. to peel them.
BLANCHET, (F.) A blanket. A term given
by the French Pharmacions to the woollen
strainer through which they filter syrup and
other thick fluids. See, also, Aphthas.
BLANCHING, Etiolation — b. of the hair.
Canities.
BLANCNON ORIBASII, Polypodium filix
mas.
BLAS An unmeaning term invented by Van
Ileluiont to designate a kind of movement in the
body : at times, local, — at others, under extrane-
ous influence. Thus, he speaks of the Bias mete-
oros of the heavenly bodies, and the Bias huma'-
iiiim. that which operates in man.
Blas Alterativl'm, Plastic force.
BLASE, (F.) 'cloyed.' An epithet given to
one whom the abuse of enjoyment has prevented
from any longer deriving satisfaction or pleasure
from it.
BLAST, Conta'gio, (Sax.) blaj-r, (G.) hi a sen,
'to blow.' The infection of any thing pestilen-
tial. The stroke of some sudden plague.
BLASTE'MA, Blnste'sis, (P.) Blanthne, from
/3,\a(r7-«('w, 'I bud.' A germ. The sense of this
word, which is often used by Hippocrates, is ob-
scure. Castelli thinks it means the eruption of
some morbific principle at the surface of the body.
Also, the matrix or general formative element of
tissues.
Blastema Pili, see Hair.
BLAS'TEMAL, Blastema' Us. Relating or ap-
pertaining to a blastema, — as 'bluatemnl forma-
tions,' those that are formed from a blastema.
BLASTOCARDIA, see Molecule.
BLASTODEKMA, see Molecule.
BLATTA BYZAN'TIA, Umjnis odora'tm, (F.)
Blatte de Bi/zance. This name seems, formerly,
to have been given to a marine production from
some of the Conchylia. It had an agreeable
smell, a reddish tint, and the shape of a nail. It
was prescribed in epilepsy, hysteria, and hepatic
obstructions. Rondelct aiSrms, that it was the
production of the shell-fish murex or purpura ;
and that the name Blatta is derived from the
Greek jiXarroi, 'purple.'
BLA VELLE, Centaurea cyanus.
liLA VEOLE, Centaurea cyanus. :
BLA VEROLLE, Centaurea cyanus.
BLAWING, Swelling.
BLAWORT, Centaurea cyanus.
BLAZING-STAR, Chamaelirium luteum, Li-
atris.
BLE. Bladwn. This word answers, in France,
to the word Cam in England; i. e. any kind of
grain employed for making bread. Wheat being
most commonly used for this purpose, Ble is
sometimes restricted to this. Ble meteil is a
mixture of wheat and rye.
BLE CORNU,'ET'^ot—b. d'Espagne, Zea miiys
— b. d'/talie, Zea mays — b. 3leleil, sec Ble —
b. Noir, Polygonum fagopyrum — b. de Ttinpde,
Zea mays.
BLE (P ABLER,) Blaesitas.
BLEABERRY, Vaccinium myrtillus.
BLEACHING, Dealbation— b. Liquid, Eau de
Javelle.
BLEAREBNESS, Lippitudo.
BLEAR. EYE, Lippitudo.
BLEAR-EYED, Lippus.
BLEAR-EYEDNESS, Lippitudo.
BLEB, Bulla.
BLECHNON, Polypodium filix mas.
BLECHNUM LIlJNIFOLIUM, Asplenium
Scolopendrium — b. Squamosum, Asplenium ce-
terach.
BLECIIROPYRA, see Blechros.
BLECHROPYRUS, Typhus raitior.
BLECHROS, fiXnxi'o^' 'weak, feeble, slow.'
An epithet applied to different affections, and
particularly to fevers. Hence Blechrop'yra, 'a
slow fever:' Blfchro-iphi/g'niia, 'a slow pulse.'
BLECHROSPHYGM'IA, see Blechros.
BLEB, Corn — b. Avorte, Ergot — h. Farouche,
Ergot.
ijLEDOCH, Buttermilk.
BLEEDING, Bloodletting, Haemorrhagia.
BLEEDING FROM Till': NOSE, Epistaxis.
BLEEDING HEART, Cypripedium luteum—
b. Boist. Cupping glass.
BLEIB, Bulla.
BLEJNE, Blain.
BLEME, (F.) This word has nearly the same
signification as Blafard. Generally, however, it
includes, also, emaciation of the countenance.
BLENCYSTORRIIEE, Cystirrhoea.
BLENNA, Mucus — b. Narium, Nasal mucus.
BLENNADENI'TIB, from fiXcwa, 'mucus,'
ahriv, 'a gland,' and itis, denoting inflammation.
Inflammation of mucous follicles.
BLENNELYT'RIA, from ^Xcvva, 'mucus,' and
tAurpoj/. 'a sheath.' A discharge of mucus from
the vagina. Leucorrhoea. — Alibert.
BLENNEM'ESIS. Blcnnoem' esis, Vom'itna
pitiu'to'siis, from (iXcvva, ' mucus,' and tfitcii,
'vomiting.' Vomiting of mucus.
BLENNENTERIA, Dysentery.
BLENNLSTH'MIA.fn.m jiXcwa, 'mucus,' and
la^lios, ' the gullet.' Increased flow of mucus
from the pharynx and larynx. — Alibert.
BLENNOcilEZIA, Diarrhoea, mucous. '
BLENNOCYSTIDES, Bursae mucosa.
BLENNOCYSTl TE, Cystirrhoea.
BLENNODES, Muciform.
BLENNOKMESIS, Blennemesis.
BLENNOG"ENOUS, Blcnm„j"enus, Muelfk,
Mnci/'iftis, from ^iXtvvn, 'mucus,' and yivvaw, 'I
form.' Forming or generating mucus. Breschet
and lloussel de Vauzeme describe an apparatus
BLENNOIDES
181
BLIGHT IN THE EYE
of this kind for the secretion of the mucous mat-
ter that constitutes the cuticle, composed of a
ghinduhir parenchyma or organ of sctretion situ-
iite in the substance of the true skin, and of
rxcrotory ducts, which issue from the organ,
!ind <leposite the mucous matter between the
papilhc.
BLKNNOTDES. Muciform.
BLENNQri)l>;U.S, Muciform.
in.KNXOMETHITIS, see Leucorrhoea.
BLENNOPllTIIALMIA, Ophthalmia, (puru-
lent.)
]5LENN0P'TYSIS, from fiXcvva, and tttvuj, 'I
fpit.' Expectoration of mucus. Catarrh.
I'.LENNOP'YRA, BU-iDiopu'ri,,, from ^Xivva,
and vup, 'fire.' Alibcrt has classed, under this
head, various fevers with mucous complications;
as Mi'sciiterif fi-rer, AdeUD-iiieniii'/eal fever, &c.
BLENNOliRHAGIA, Gonorrhoea— b. Genita-
liuni, Eeucorrha>a — b. Notha, Gonorrhoea spuria
— 1>. S[iuria, (ionorrhoea spuria.
1;LENN0RIUIAG"IC, nicnnorrhmficm, (F.)
Jl/ciiiion-lifti/ii/iie, from fi\evva, 'mucus,' and
ptjyvvni, 'I break forth.' RehUing or appertain-
ing to blcnnorrhagia or gonorrhoea.
IJr.EXNOitmiAGic Epididymitis, Hernia humo-
ralis.
nr.EXXOIlRHAGTE FAUSSE, Gonorrhoea
spuria — h. (Ill (ilinid. Gonorrhoea spuria.
BL ENSORUUiiE, Blennorrhoea.
BLKNNORKHTNIA, Coryza.
BLENXORRHCE'A, Jikmwr'rlioe, Bleimor-
rhii(j"in, I'h/eijiiiorrhie'a, J'hleymorihag"ia, (P.)
lUeiiuorrhce, from fiXcvva, 'mucus,' and psoj, 'I
flow.' Inordinate secretion and discharge of mu-
cus. Also, Gonorrhoea.
Bi.KNNoiuuiao.v. Chronica, (gleet,) see Gonor-
rlioea — b. Gcnitalium, Leucorrhoea — b. Luodes,
Gonorrhoea impura — b. Nasalis, Coryza — b. Oculi,
foc Oi)lithaItnia — b. Oculi gonorrhoica, see Oph-
tli;iliiiia — b. Oculi neonatorum, see Ophthalmia —
li. Oculi i)urulenta, see Ophthalmia — b. Urethralis,
Guiiorrbosa, Cystorrhoea — b. Ventriculi, Gastror-
rli(j;n — b. Vesica?, Cystorrhoea.
BLENNO'SES, from (i\ivva, 'mucus.' Affec-
tions of the mucous membranes. — Alibert.
BLENXOTIIORAX, Catarrh, Peripneumonia
notha — b. Chronicus, Asthma humidum.
BLENNOTORRIICEA, Otirrhoea.
BLENNURETIIRIA, Gonorrhoea.
BLENNURIA, Cystorrhcea.
BLEPIIARADENITIS, Ophthalmia Tarsi.
B L E P II A R A N T II R A C O'S I S, Blephnri'-
tix (jini(jr(rii(i'nn, Carhiiavuhi'tio Oc'uli. Gangre-
nous iiitlauimation of the eyelids.
liLEPllARELOSIS. Entropion.
BLEPIIARIDES, Cilia.
BLEPIIARIDOPLASTICE, Blepharoplastice.
BLEPHARISMUS, Nictation.
BLEPHARITIS, (inflammation of the eyelids,)
Oplitlijilmia tarsi — b. Gangraenosa, Blepharan-
tliracosis.
BLEPIIAROBLENNORRHO^IA, Ophthalmia,
jiurulcnt — b. Neonatorum, see Ophthalmia (pu-
rulcnta infantum.)
BLKPH'ARO-CON.IUNCTIVrTIS, Bhpha-
i<ini/ii(/cxiiil'ti9, from (iXe<papov, 'an eyelid,' coii-
Jiiiirtira, and itis, denoting inflammation. Oph-
tiiiilMiia afl'octing the conjunctiva and eyelids.
BLEPIIARODYSCIIRCE'A, from l3\c<paf,ov, the
'cyi'lid.' iv;, 'with difliculty,' and XP""' 'colour.'
l)i"s<-ob>nition of the eyelid. Na;vus of the eye-
lid. — V(m Ammon.
BLEPIlARtEDEMA AQUOSUM, Hydroble-
pliarcm.
BLEPIIARON, Palpebra-
■b. Atoniaton, Ble-
l)liiirci|)tosis.
BLEPIIARONCO'STS, B/epharon'cim, Ble-
vban'f'h'i'iita, Enlpcbiu' rum Tumor, from /JAt^a-
pov, 'e}'elid,' and oyKOi, 'tumour.' A tumour of
the evelid.
BLEPIIARONCIIS, Blepharoneosis.
BLEPHAROPHIMO'SIS, from l3Xc<papov, 'the
eyelid,' and i/x/iof, 'a cord.' Congenital diminu-
tion of the space between the eyelids. — Ammon.
See Blepharostenosis.
BLEPIIAROPTIIALMIA, Ophthalmia tarsi
— b. Neonatorum, see Ophthalmia — b. Purulenta,
Blepharopyorrhoea.
BLEPHAROPHTIIALMITIS GLANDULO-
SA, Ophthalmia, purulent, of infants.
BLEPHAROPIIYMA, Blepharoneosis.
BLEPIIAR0PLAS'TICE,7?/f/>/)a?-)Wo;;/f/g'/iVe,
Tiiii't"io Cilio'rum, Blep]t'<u<ipl(iHty, from P\t(pa-
pov, 'the eyelid,' and TzXaariKOi, 'forming,' 'form-
ative.' The formation of a new eyelid.
BLEPIIAROPLEGIA, Blcpharoptosis.
BLEPIIAROPTO'SIS, Blcpharoplc'rpa, Cnsun
pal'2jel/rcE siij/erio'ris, Delup' hhs seu Pro/dp'mii
seu Propto'sis seu Pto'sin pal'pebra, Atoniaton
Mepharoii, from {iXi:(^>apov, 'the eyelid,' and vTuxjii,
'fall.' A falling down of the upper eyelid over
the eye, caused by a paralysis of the Levator
pd/pchrcB aiiperioris muscle. This paralysis is
an unfavorable symptom, as it is generally con-
nected with a state of the brain favouring apo-
plexy or palsy.
Blei'iiaroptosis EcTROi'it'jr, Ectropium — b.
Entropion, Entropion.
BLEPIIAROPYORRIICE'A, Blrpharophthal'-
niia piirnleii'tii, Pyurrlui'a jml'pehra, from ji\eip-
apov, 'eyelid,' vvov, 'pus,' and pcut, 'I flow.' Se-
cretion of pus from the eyelids.
BLEPHAHOPYoitHiKKA NiiONATOFiuM, sec Oph-
thalmia (purulenta infantum.)
BLEPIlARORRHOi'A, from ^\t<papov, 'eye-
lid,' and p£(i), 'I flow.' A discharge of mucus
from the eyeliils.
BLEPII'aROSPAS'MUS, from ^Xf^apov, 'eye-
lid,' and a-naaptoi, 'spasm.' A spasmodic action
or tic of the orbicularis palpebrarum muscle.
BLEPIIAROSTENO'SIS, from jiXt^apov, 'the
eyelid,' and arcfijiaii, 'contraction.' Accidental
diminution of the space between the eyelids. —
Ammon. See Blepharophimosis.
BLEPIIAROSYNDESMITIS, Blepharocon-
junctivitis.
BLEPIIAROTIS, Ophthalmia tarsi — b. Glan-
dularis contagiosa, see Ophthalmia.
BLEPHAROTITIS, Oi)hthalmia tarsi.
BLEPHAROTOSIS, Ectropium.
B L E P II A R X Y S'TUM, BUpharoryn'trum,
from (i\£(/>apov, 'eyelid,' and fyu, 'I scrape.' An
instrument used, by the ancients, for removing
callosities, which made their appearance in the
affection called, by the Greeks, Tpa^itina. — Paulus
of iEginn, (Jorraus.
BLEPIIIL'IA HIRSU'TA, Ohio Horsemint,
Ilniry Homemiiit, from pXcipapii, 'an eyelash,' in
reference to its hairy fringed bracts. An indi-
genous plant of the Mint family, Labiatae, which
has the aromatic properties of the Mints.
BLKSITE, Blasitas.
BLESSED HERB, Geum urbanum.
BLESSURE. Abortion. Wound.
BLESTRIS'MUS. Restlessness of the sick.—
Hippocrates.
I5LETA. A word, used by Paracelsus for white
or milky urine, arising from diseased kidneys.
Biota oiha has the same meaning.
BLEU BE BERLIN, Prussian blue — 6. de
PruKse, Prussian blue.
BLEVET I)ES MOISSOXS, Cyanus sege-
tum. ,
BLKVILLE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Blg-
ville is a village about two miles from Havre.
The waters are acidulous chalvbeate.
BLIGHT IN THE EYE, Ophthalmia, catar-
BLIGHTS
132
BLOOD-LETTING
rhal. Palsy of the orbicularis palpebrarum and
mnseles of the eyebrow is also vulgarly called
U!,/ht.
BLIGHTS, see Lichen urticatus.
BLINDNESS, Cajcitas — b. Colour, Achroma-
topsia — b. Day, Nyctalopia — b. Nervous, Amau-
rosis — b. Night, Ilemeralopia — b. Snow, see
Snow blindness.
BLISTER, Veaicato'rt'nm, Emplnx'trum Vesica-
to'riniii seu Lijtta^ Epinjxis'ticnm, Ves'icnnt, lili'a-
ter pliiHter, (i.) Venieatuire, Vesicant. Any sub-
stance which, when applied to the skin, irritates
it, and occasions a serous secretion, raising the
epidermis, and inducing a vesicle. Various arti-
cles produce this effect, as cnntharideK, nniDtnvd,
garoii, eiiphorblnm, ynrlic, ammonia, <tc. Blisters
are used as counter-irritants. By exciting a dis-
ease artificially on the surface, we can often re-
move another which may be at the time existing
internally. A perpetual blister is one that is
kept open for a longer or a shorter time by means
of appropriate dressings.
Blistkr or vesication, (Prov.) Ercle, also means
the vesicle produced by vesicatories or other
causes.
Blister, Fever, see Fever blister.
Blister, Mag"istral, (F.) Vesicatoire mnr/is-
tral. A prompt means of producing vesication
recommended by i\I. Valleix. It is prej)ared as
follows — Take powdered caiitharides and wheat-
Jiour, of each equal parts; vinegar, a suflBcient
quantity to form a soft paste.
Blister Beetle, Cantharis — b. Fly, Cantha-
ris — b. Piaster, Blister.
BLISTERWEED, Ranunculus acris.
BLISTERING FLY, Cantharis— b. Paper, see
Sparadrapum vesicatorium — b. Tissue, Sparadra-
pura vesicatorium.
BLISTERS, WHITE, Rupia escharotiea.
BLITUM AMERICAN UM, Phytolacca de-
candra.
BLOOD, Anglo-Saxon, blo», from ble^an, 'to
bleed.' Sanguis, Cruor, Lapis anima'lis, HcBma,
'aifia, (Old Eng.) Blciie, (F.) Sang. An animal
fluid formed chiefly from the chyle ; acquiring
important properties during respiration ; entering
every organ through the circulation ; distributing
the nutritive principles to every texture, and the
source of every secretion. The blood is white in
the molluscous and inferior animals, which have
been, hence, called white-bluoded, to distinguish
them from the red-blooded, which class includes
the mammalia, birds, reptiles, and fishes. Hu-
man blood is composed of water, albumen, fibrin,
an animal colouring substance, a little fatty mat-
ter — heematelcB'uin — and different salts; as chlo-
rides of potassium and sodium, phosphate of lime,
subcarbonate of soda, lime, magnesia, oxide of
iron, and lactate of soda, united with an ani-
mal matter. Arterial blood is of a florid red
colour, strong smell ; s. g. 1.049. Venous blood
is of a brownish red ; s. g. 1.051. The differ-
ence in colour has given occasion to the first
being called red blood; the latter, black. The
former, which is distributed from the heart, is
nearly the same through its whole extent: the
latter is the remains of the arterial blood after
the different elements have been taken from it in
nutrition, and probably differs in composition.
It likewise contains different substances absorbed.
Venous blood, taken from a vessel and left to
itself, becomes solid, and separates into two dis-
tinct parts, — the serum or watery supernatant
fluid; and the cruor, coag'uluni, crassamen'tnm,
Jiepar seu pluceu'ta san'guinis, plucoi'ta cruo'ris,
in'suld, thrombus, or clot. The serum is chiefly
water, holding albumen in solution and the salts
of the blood. The clot contains the fibrin, co-
louring matter — hcsmatosin, a little serum, and a
small quantity of salts. M. Le Canu found the
blood to be composed — in 1000 parts — of water,
7S.5.5'J0; albumen, 09.415; fibrin, 3.565 ; colour-
ing matter, 119.626; crystallizable faity matter,
4.300; oily matter, 2.270; extractive matter so-
luble in alcohol and water, 1.920; albumen com-
bined with soda, 2.010; chlorides of sodium aii.l
potassium ; alkaline phosphates, suljjhatcs, and
subcarbonates, 7.-'!04; subcarbonate of lime and
magnesia, phosphate of lime, magnesia and iron,
peroxide of iron, 1.414; loss, 2.586. The fmir
principal components of the blood are fibrin,
albumen, corpuscles, and saline matter. In the
circulating blood they are thus combined —
.'ii.'^'"' In solution ioxvams Liquor San(nii.
Albumen, >■ . a ^ j
Salts, J
Red Corpuscles — suspended in the Liquor San-
guinis.
In coagulated blood they are thus combined:
Fibrin, ] Forming the crassamentum or
Red Corpuscles, J clot.
Albumen, ) Remaining in solution, forinini;
Salts, J serum.
The following table exhibits the computations
of different physiologists regarding the weight
of the circulating fluid — arterial and venous.
Harvey, ■) Jbs.
Lister,
Moulins,
Aljildfcuard,
lilumeubach
Lobb, V 10
Lower, j
Sprenscl 10 to 15
Giinther 15 to 20
lilake 16J tol8J
Miiller and Burdach 20
Wagner 20 to 25
Quosnai 'j,'
F. Hoffmann 28
Haller 28 to 30
Young 40
Ilamberger SO
Keill 100
The proportion of arterial blood to venous is
about 4 to 9.
Much attention has been paid to the varying
condition of the blood in disease. The avernge
proportion of each of the organic elements in
1000 parts of healthy blood is as follows, accord-
ing to Le Canu, and MM. Andral and Gavarrct:
— fibrin, .3; red corpuscles, 127; solid matter of
the serum, 80 ; water, 790.
Dried human blood was, at one time, consi-
dered to be anti-epileptic; that of the goat, dried,
Sanguis hirci sicca'tus, sudorific and antipleu-
retic. The dried blood of the ox — Extrac'tum
San'guinis Bori'ni — and the dried red corpuscles
have been given as analeptics, especially wbere
there was a deficiency of red corpuscles.
Blood, Arterial, see Blood — b. Black, see
Blood — b. Black, vascular system of, see Vas-
cular.
Blood, Casein, Globulin— b. Corpuscles, Glo-
bules of the blood — b. Disease, Ilaematonosus —
b. Disks, Globules of the blood.
Blood, Dried, see Blood— b. Loss of, Hffiraor-
rhagia — b. Menstrual, see Menses — b. Red, see
Blood — b. Red, system of, see Vascular- b. Spit-
ting of, Hajmoptysis— b. Venous, see Blood— b.
Vomiting of, Htematemesis— b. AVhite, Lymph.
BLOOD CRYSTALS, Hannatoidin.
BLOODING, Blood-lettin.'.
BLOODLESSNESS, Anycmia.
B L D - L E T T I N G, Missio seu JDetrac'tin
San guntis, Ilamax'is, Cataachaa'nius, Blooding,
BLOODLIKE
133
BOE
Plee'liiiff, (F.) Siti'jnee, Emlmtion saufjnine. A j
discharge of a certain quantity of blood produced
by art : an operation which consists in making
an opening into a vessel to dnuB or let blood from
it. When practised on an artery, it is called Ar-
li-riot'onii/ ; on a vein, Phlebot'onuj, VencBsec'tio,
VcJicHcc'lioH ; and on the capillary vessels, local
or capillanj, in contra<listinction to the former,
which is termed fjeneral. Blood-letting is used
both (luring the existence of a disease, as in in-
flammation, and in the way of prophylaxis. It
is employed to fulfil various indications. L To
diminish the actual mass of blood; — when it is
termed, by the French pathologists, Suifjiiee eva-
ciialii:e. In such case, fluids ought not to be al-
lowed too freely afterwards. 2. To diminish the
turgeseence in any particular organ — (F.) S'tig-
yifi; revitlxivc, Renithlve hlood-lettiiKj or t/leeiltiig,
\'eua'.iec'tio revnlxo'n'n, when performe(i far from
the part nfiectod; and Sniyue.e derivutiue, when
near. 'i. To diminish the consistence of the blood,
(F.) S'tiijii^e upoliative. The immediate effects
<.f blood-letting are: diminution of the mass of
blood and of heat; retardation of the pulse, and
sometimes syncope. Blood-letting from the veins
— phlcbi/ltimij — is practised on the subcutaneous
veins of the neck, the face, the fore-arm, and the
leg ; sometimes on those of the hand or foot.
The necessary apparatus consists of a bandage
or riband, a compress of rag, and a lancet or
plileam.
The veins selected for the operation, are, 1. Tii
the fold of the arm, five; — the cephalic, basilic,
the two median, and the anterior cubital. 2. In
the htud, the cephalic and salvatella. 3. In the
y"'H(f, the great and little saphena. A^. In the neck,
the external jugular. 5. In the forehead, the
frontal. G. Tn the month, the ranine. The ope-
ration of phlebotomy in the limbs is performed
by tying a circular bandage round the limb, in
order that the subcutaneous veins may become
turgid by the course of the blood being ob-
structed: the bandage not being so tight, how-
ever, as to compress the arteries of the limb. A
puncture is made into the vein, and the desired
((uantity allowed to flow. The ligature is now
removed, and a compress and retaining bandage
applied. Utipillnry or local blood-lettiuf/, arte-
rio-iihlebot'oiiii/, is practised on the skin or
niucuous membranes, by means of leeches, the
lancet, or cupping.
Bi.ooD-LETTiNG, Capillaiiv, See Blood-letting
— b. Derivative, see Blood-letting — b. Evacuative,
see Blood-letting — b. General, see Blood-letting
— b. Local, see Blood-letting — b. Revulsive, see
Blood-letting — b. Spoliative, see Bloodletting.
BLOOULIKE, Sanguine.
BLOOD LIQUOR, Liquor Sanguinis.
BLOODIIOOT, Sanguinaria Canadensis.
BLOOU.^IIOT. IIypera}mic.
BLOODSTONE, llajmatites.
BLOODSTROKE, Conp-de-sang.
BLOOD VESICLE, Globule of the blood.
BLOOD VESSEL, (F.) Valsnean nanguin. A
vessel destined to contain and convey blood.
Bf.ooi) Vesskl, bukaking, buksting, ruptu-
ring OP A. Hajmorrhagia.
BLOODWEED, Asclepias eurassavica.
BLOODWORT, Uieraciuiu venosum, Sangui-
naria Canadensis.
BLOODY, Sanguin'cuH, Crucn'tus, Sanguin'-
eniis, (F.) Sangnin. Having the character of
blood. Relating to blood. See Sanguine.
BLOODY FLUX. Dysentery.
BLOO.M, HONEY, Apocynum androsfcmifo-
lium.
BLOSSBURG MINERAL SPRINGS. The
town of Blossburg is iu Tioga County, 133 miles
north of Ilarrisburg. They contain pure sulphu-
ric acid; and are astringent and touic.
BLOSSOM, see Grog-blossom.
BLOTA ALBA, Bleta.
BLOTCH, (Prov.) Splavin, Sprote. A pustule;
more commonly, an eruption of a large kind.
BLOW, Ict,i8, Plege, (F.) Coiip. Effect pro-
duced by one body striking another. The im-
pression made by any body which strikes us, or
against which we strike; — a common cause of
wounds, contusions, fractures, kc.
BLOWING SOUND, Bruit de Soi,Jle — h. s.
Diffused, see Murmur, respiratory.
BLUE-BELLS, Gentiana catesbisi.
BLUE-BERRY, Caulophyllum thalictroides,
Lantana — b. Low, Vaccinium Pennsylvanicum.
BLUE-BONNETS, Cetaurea cyanus.
BLUE-BOTTLE, Centaurea cyanus, Cyanus
segetum.
BLUE LICKS, see Kentucky,MineralWaters of.
BLUE STONE, Cupri sulphas.
BLUET, Centaurea cvanus.
BLUET DES MOIS'SONS, Cyanus segetum.
BLUITER, Borborygmus.
BLUSH, see Flush.
BLU,sn, Cutaneous, see Efilorescence — b. In-
flammatory, Erythema.
BL UTTER, Borborygmus.
BOA, Ihiia. An eruption of red, ichorous pim-
ples. — Pliny. See, also, Hidroa and Sudamina.
Boa Upas, Upas.
BOyE, Syphilis.
BOALA, see Scherlievo.
BOBERRL Curcuma longa.
BOCHE, Swelling.
BOCCHOE, Diosina crenata.
BOCHET, Bochetum.
BOCHE'TUM, (F.) Bochet. A term formerly
applied to the second decoction of the sudorific
woods. The French word has been lately revived.
BOCHIUM, Bronchocele.
BOCHO, Diosma crenata.
BOCIUM, Bronchocele.
BOCK, Vomiturition.
BOCKING, Eructation, Vomiting.
BOCKLET, MINERAL AVATERS OF. The
springs of Booklet, in Bavaria, are acidulous
chalybeates.
BODY, Corpus, Soma, (F.) Corpn ; from Teu-
tonic boden, the 'fundus or bottom.' [?] The
human body, (F.) Corps humain, (Old E.) Liche,
is the collection of organs which compose the
frame. At times, however, body is used synony-
mously with trunk. AVe say, also, hodif of the
femur, of the sphenoid, &c., to designate the shaft
or middle portion of those bones ; body of the
uterus, Ac. Likewise, any distinct portion of
matter perceived by the senses. Also, the rectum.
Body, Coming down op the. Proctocele. '
Body-Searcher, Searcher. One who formerly
ex.amined the bodies of the dead to report as to
the cause of death. In the time of the plague
this was done by "the chirurgeons," who were
allowed " twelve pence," to be paid out of the
goods of the party searched, if able; otherwi.s«,
by the parish. Until of late, this office was exe-
cuted in England by two old women — called
'searchers'; and hence the imperfections of the
Bills of Mortality. In plague times, the office
was an important one; and, it is stated, that a
noted searcher, named Snacks, finding his busi-
ness increase so much, that he could not transact
it alone, offered to any one who would join him
in its hazards, half the profits; and they who
joined him were said to " go with Snacks."
Hence, the saying "to go Snacks," or to divide
the spoils. — Wadd.
BODY-SNATCHER, Resurrectionist.
BOE, Cry.
BOELLI
134
BONDUE
BOELLT, Intestines.
BOETUEMA, Medicament.
BOG-BEAN, Menvanthes trifoliata.
BO HON UPAS, Upas.
BOIA, Boa.
BOIL, Fuiuneulus — b. Blind, see Furunculus —
1). (luin, Parulis — b. Malignant, see Furunculus —
b. Wasp's nest, see Furunculus.
//O/.S' AM Eli, Quassia — b. de Campeche,
Hajmato.xylum t'anipechianum — b. de Cerf, Cornu
cervi — b. de C/ti/pre, Rhodium lignum — b. de
C'liilenvre, see Stiycbnos — i. X'oii.r, Glycyrrhiza
— b. de MiniiiH, Ceplialanthus occidentalis — b.
de Ploiiib, Birca palustris— 6. Pnaiit, Pruiius pa-
Uus — b. de Ruse, Rhodium lignum — 6. de Snp-
jxiii, C«salpinia sappan — b. Sudorlfique, Wood,
fcudorilic.
BOISSE, MINERAL WATERS OP. These
waters are situate about half a league from Fon-
tcnay-le-Compte, in Franco. They are purgative,
aud seem to contain carbonate and sulphate of
lime and chloride of sodium.
BOIISSON, Drink.
BOIST, Swelling.
BOITE, (F.) A box or cage, Capsa, Pyxis.
An apparatus for the reception of any matters
which it may be desirable to preserve. In Sur-
(jci'j aud Anatomy, Unites a dissection, li. d am-
pHtati<ju, B. d trepan, B. a cataracte, &c., mean
the eases containing these various instruments.
Boile da Crane is the bony case which receives
the brain. Bo'ite is, also, the portion of the
stem of the trephine which receives the ])yra-
mid or centre-pin. Boite de Petit is a machine,
invented by M. Petit, to retain the fractured por-
tions of bone in apposition, when the leg has been
fractured in a complicated manner. Boile is, also,
a kind of case put before an artificial anus to re-
ceive the fieces, which are continually being dis-
charged. The vulgar, in France, give the name
Botle, to various articulations,- — B. de yenou, B.
de la hrniche; "knee-joint, hip-joint."
BOITEMENT, Claudication.
BOITEUIE, Claudication.
BOITIER, (F.) Appai-eil, Cap'aida unguenta'-
ria, Capsa'riuni. A dressintj-case. A box, con-
taining salves and different apparatus, used more
particularly by the dressers in hospitals.
BOK, Vomiturition.
BOKKING, Eructation, Vomiting.
BOL, Bolus — b. d'Annenie, Bole, Armenian —
h. Oriental, Bole, Armenian — 6. Blanc, Bolus
alba — b. Bonge, Bole, Armenian.
BOLA, Mvrrha.
BOLCHON, Bdellium.
BOLE, Jhlus, (F.) Bol, Terre bolaire, meant,
with the older writers, argillaceous earth, used
as an absorbent and alexipharmic. The various
boles had different forms given to them, and were
stamped, or sealed, hence called TerrcB siyillatcB ;
as in the following :
Bole Akme'nian, Bole Arme'niac, B. Ar'me-
nic, Argil'ln ferrugiii'ea rubra, A. Bolus rubra,
iiinapisis, Arena'men, Bolna Orienta'lis seu Ar-
vteniaca seu Arnie'nice seu rubra, (F.) Bol d'Ar-
inenie ou oriental ou rouge. A red, clayey earth,
found not only in iVrmenia, but in several coun-
tries of Europe, — in Tuscany, Silesia, France,
<tc. It was once esteemed a tonic and astringent,
and was applied as-a styptic. It is now, scarcely,
if ever, used. It consists of argil, mixed with
lime and iron.
BOLES IS, Coral.
B0LE80N, Balsam.
BOLET ODORANT, Daedalea suaveolens.
BOLETUS ACJARICUS, B. Laricis— b. Albus,
Boletus laricis — b. Cervinus, Ehiphomyces gra-
uulatub — b. Discoideus, Bajdalea suaveolens.
Bole'tus Esculbn'tus, (F.) Morelle. Ord.
Fungi. An eatable mushroom, found in tbe
woods in Europe, and much admired by Gastro.
nomea. It was formerly esteemed to be aphro-
disiac.
Boletus Fui.vus, B. igniarius — b. Ilippocrepis,
B. igniarius.
Bole'tus Ignia'rius. The systematic nnino
for the Afj'aric, Agar'icus, Ayar'icum of tlie
Pharmacopoeias, Agar'ivua Chirurgo'nim fiu
Qucrcils seu ignia'rius, Polyj/orus ignia'riiiH,
h'ca, Bole'tus ungula'tua seu fnlvus seu hipj,,,.
crepis seu obtu'sus, SpunJ,; Am'adou, Punk, (Prov.)
Funk, Fungus Ignia'rius, Fungus Querri'inm,
Aqaric of the Oak, ToucJiwood, Touchwood Jlnlu.
tiis. Female Agaric, Tinder, (F.) Agaric de chene,
Amadouvier. It was formerly much used by
surgeons as a styptic.
Bole'tus Lar'iCIS, B. Larici'nus seu jmrgutis
seu albus seu agar'icus seu rifficina'lis, Fun'fins
Lar'icis, Polyp'orus oficina'lis, Agar'icus ulhm
seu Lar'icis, A. Albus op'tiwus, White Agiiric,
(F.) Agaric blanc, A. Amadourier. On the cuii-
tinent of Europe it has been given as a cathartic
and emetic, as well as to moderate the sweats iu
phthisis. — De Haen. E-xternnlly, styptic.
Boletus Obtusus, B. igniarius — b. Officinalis,
B. laricis— b. Purgans, Boletus laricis — b. Salicis,
Daedalea suaveolens — b. Suaveolens, DaMhilea
suaveolens— b. Touchwood, Boletus igniarius.
BO LI MART IS, Ferrum tartarisatum.
BOLISMOS, Boulimia.
BOLI'TES. The mushroom; perhaps the
Agar'icus Auranfiacus. — Pliny, Martial, SeuKi-
nius, Galen. It was so called, in consuquencs
of its shape, — from Bohia.
BOLLYNGE, Swelling.
BOLNING, Swelling.
BOLT. Used, at times, for to swallow without
chewing, — as to " bolt one's food."
BOLUS, (iuiXog, Buccell'a, a morsel, a mouth-
ful, a bole, (F.) Bol. A pharmaceutical prepa-
ration, having a pilular shape, but larger; capa-
ble, however, of being swallowed as a pill.
Bolus Alba, Terra Sigilla'fn, Argil'la pcd-
lid'ior: — called sigilla'ta, from being commonly
made into small cakes or flat masses, and staiii])e(l
or sealed with certain impressions. (F.) B<d
blanc, Terre Sigillee, Argile ochreuse pale. It
was used like Bole Armenian, and was brought
from Etruria. See Terra.
Bolus, Ai.imen'tary, Bolus AUmenta'ri us. The
bole formed by the food, after it has undergone
mastication and insalivation in the mouth ; and
been collected upon the tongue prior to degluti-
tion.
Bolus Orienta'lis. A kind of bolar earth,
only distinguished from Bole Armenian in beiiii,'
broughtfrom Constantinople. See Bole, Armenian.
Bolus Rubra, Bole Armenian.
BOMA'REA SALSIL'LA. The inhabitants
of Chili use this plant as a sudorific. It is given
in infusion in cutaneous diseases.
BOMBAX, Gossypium.
BOMBEMENT, Bombus.
BOMBITATIO, Tinnitus aurium.
BOMBUS, Au'rium fluctua'tio, A. Sib'ihis, A.
Son'itus, A. Susur'ruH, (F.) Bombemeiit. A kiml
of ringing or buzzing in the ears; — characterizeil,
according to Sauvages, by the perception of
blows or beating repeated at certain interval?.
Also, Borborygmus. See Fart, Flatulence, and
Tinnitus Aurium.
BOMBYX MORI, see Sericum.
BON, Coffea Arabica.
BONA. Phaseolus vulgaris.
BONANNIA OFFICINALIS, Sinapis alba.
BONA FEVER, see Fever, Bona.
BONDUE, Gymnocladus Canadensis.
BONE
10 5
BORACIC ACID
BONK, 0», Oh'teon, Os'leum, (F.) Os, (Sax.)
biiti. The bones lire the solid and hard parts,
which f(jrin the basis of the bodies of animals i
of the «ui)erior classes; and the union of which
(■on>:titiitos the H/celrion. The human body has,
at tlio adult a<^o, 208 hones, without including
the ;)2 tci'ih, the ossa Wortni;uia, and the ses;i-
inoid bones. Anatomists divide them, from their
shape, into 1. Loiu/ /yoiiex, which form pnrt of the
limbs, anil represent columns for supporting the
weight of the body, or levers of diflcrcnt kinds
for the muscles to act upon. 2. Flot boiien, which
form the parietes of splanchnic cavities; and, 3.
IShiirt hnneH, met with in parts of the body where
solidity and some mobility are necessary. Bones
are formed of two different textures ; spoiKjij and
conijiivt. They afford, on analysis, much phos-
phate and carbonate of lime, a little phosphate
of magnesia, phosphate of ammonia, oxides of
iron and miinganese, some traces of alumina and
silica, gelatin, fat, iind wafer. The uses of the
bones are mentioned under each bone. They
give shape to the body, contain and defend the
viscera, and act as levers to the muscles.
TABLE OF THE BONES.
Bones of
THE
IIjiAD.
Boxes op
THE
TllU.N'K.
Boxes of
THE Up-
per Ex-
tremiti.
Boxes op
LOWF.R
KXTllE-
MITY.
f Frontal.
Bones of the I ''""'^"''
K).„n I l<'mporal
.....'.'.".' 2
I Ethmoid 1
[Sphenoid 1
I .Superior Maxillary.... 2
.Tut;:il or Cheek 2
Nasal 2
Bones of the J Lachrymal
Face. ' I'liliitine....
Inferior Spongy 2
V'omijr 1
Inferior Maxillary 1
Tncisores 8
< Cuspidati 4
(^Molares 20
I Ilyoid .
Denies,
or
Teeth.
Bono of the
Tonjue.
I Malleus 2
Bones of the) Incus 2
Imv. 1 Oibiculare 2
f Stapes 2
I Cervical 7
VertehrcB. -; Dorsal 12
(Lumbar 5
Sacrum 1
Os Cnccygis 1
The Pelvis Innominatum 2
Tbe^''"''^'--{Sul:z:;;:::::;:::::::: I
The Arm Humerus.-
Fore-arm.
r
f Ulna.,
t Itadius
Carpus,
or
Wrist.
( Navu'ulare 2
I Lunaro 2
I Cuneiforme 2
I Orbiculare 2
Trapezium 2
Trapezoides 2
Maiinum 2
Uueiforme 2
Metacarpus 10
I'/iiiliviges 28 j
The Thigh Femur 2
(Patella 2 |
The ic^-. -j Tibia 2
(.Fibula.. 2
f CalcisOs 2
Tarsus, I .Vstrasalus 2
or -j Cuboides 2
Instep, j XaviciilBre 2
j [Cuueiforme 6
I Jtet^ilarsus 10
ll'halanges 28
Total 240
The bones of the o.^, Boa Taurus, are employed
in pharmacy.
Bo.vE-AcH, Osteocopus — b. Ague, Osteocopus.
BoxE, Back, Vertebral column — b.Bar,Pubts,os.
BoxE Bia\('k, see Carbo animalis.
BoxE, Blade, Scapula — b. Boat-like, Os sca-
phoides — b. Breast, Sternum — b. Crupper, Coccyx.
Bone Earth, see Cornu ustum — b. Fever, see
Infliunmation.
Bonk, Haunch, Ilion — b. Interparietal, Inter-
parietal bone.
Bone Phosphate op Lime, see Cornu ustum.
Bone, Bimp, Coccyx — b. Share, Pubis — b.
Splinter. Fibula.
BONEBINDER, Osteocolla.
BONE-DOCTOR, Hcnnneur.
BONE-NIPPEllS, Oxtenl'cnm, Tcnac'ula. from
^e?(eo, ' 1 hold.' (F.) Teuaille iiiciiivc. An in-
strument used for cutting off splinters and car-
tilages. It is a kind of forceps, the handles of
which are strong, and the edges, which touch
each other, cutting.
BONKSET, Eupatorium perfoliatum — b.
Rough, Eupatorium teucrifolium — b. Upland,
Eupatorium sessifolium.
BONE-SETTER, Reuoueur.
BONE-SHAVE, Neuralgia femoro-poplita?a.
BONES, BRITTLENESS OF THE, Fmgilitas
ossium — 1). Friability of the, Fragilitns ossium —
b. Salt of, Ammoniie carbonas — b. Softening of
the, Mollities ossium.
IWXHO.MME. Verbaseum thapsus.
BONICEATTER, Bonnvchibber.
BONIFACIA, Ruscus hypoglossura.
BONITHLOr.BER, Bonnyclabber.
liONNE DAME. Atriplox hortensis.
BONNES, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bonnes
is a village six Iciigiics from Pan, in the depart-
ment KiinticK Pyreiiren, France. Here arc several
thermal springs. They were celebrated as early
as the time of Francis I., under the name Emix
d'Arquehusade. They contain chlorides of sodium
and magnesium, sulphates of magnesia and lime,
sulphur, and silica. The temperature is from 7S°
to 98° Fahrenheit.
l!\\e factitionn Eau nv. Bonnes is made of J¥i/-
dronulplnirctted water, { i^iv ; jyure water, Oj. and
f,:5ss; chloride of sodium, gr. xxs ; sulphate of
maguesia, gr. i.
IJONNET, Reticulum.
nONNET A DEUX GL ODES, Bonnet d'Hip-
pocrate.
BONNET D' HIPP OCR ATE, Cap of Hip-
poc' rates, Mitra HIppocrat' icn. Fas' cia capita'lix,
Pi'leus Hippncral'icus. A kind of bnndage, the
invention of which is ascribed to Hippocrates.
It consists of a double-headed roller, passed over
the head, so as to envelop it like a cap. The
French also name it Bonnet d. deux globes, Cape-
line de la tete.
BONNYCLABBER, Clahher. from lr\»h,hainc,
'milk,' and clahar, 'mire.' In Ireland, sour but-
termilk. In this country, the thick part of sour
milk. Boniclatter and Boiiilhlohber. also, meant
cream or "good milk gone thick.' — Halliwell.
BONPLANDIA ANGUSTURA, Cusparia fe-
brifugn — b. Trifoliata, Cusparia febrifuga.
BONTIA GERMINANS,Avicennia tomentosa.
BONUS GENIUS, Peucedanum— b. Henrieus,
Chenopodium bonus Henrieus.
BONY, Osseous.
BOOCHO, Diosma crenata.
BOON UPAS,' Upas.
BOON A, Phaseolus vulgaris.
BOOTIA VULGARIS, Saponaria.
BOOTIKIN. A glove with a partition for the
thumb, but no separate ones for the fingers — like
an infant's glove — made of oiled silk. — Dr. E. J.
Seymour. Horace Walpole speaks in raptures of
the benefit he derived from bootikins in gout.
BORACIC ACID, Ac"idum Borac"icuw, Sol
sedati'vus Homber'gi, Boric Acid, (F.) Avide
BORAGE
136
BOTHRION
horaciqite. An acid obtained from boras, which
w as once looked upon as sedative. It was also
called ^Icor Borac" icus, Sul vitrioli vai-cot'icum,
Sid vnUit'ile Bora'cia, and Flares Bora'cia.
BORAGE, Borajro officinalis.
BORA'GO UFFICINA'LIS, Biiglos'aum ve-
riim seu lali/u'liiDii, Jiorra'ijo, Corrn'go, Bo-
I'lgo hoi-toi'eie, Borarje, Ihtrrat/e, (F.) Bonrrache.
Ord. Boraginese. -Sear. Si/nt. Pentandria Mono-
gynia. The leaves and iiowers have been con-
f-idered aperient.
BORAS SUPERSODICUS, Borax.
BORATIIRON, Juniperus Sabina.
BORAX, Boras Soda seu siipersat'nriis soda
s-cn alcd/cn'ceiis seu alcali'nnm seu superso'dicus,
Sodm Biho'rtis, Snhhoras SodcB seu na'tricum.
Soda Boraxa'ta, Chryxocol'la, Copis'trnm anri,
Subhorate of protojc' ide of So' dinm,Subprotoho' rate
if Sodinm, Borax Veu'etiis, Bornx'trion, Niirum
factVlinm, <fec., Siihbo'rate or Biborate of Soda,
Borate of Soda, (F.) Borate ou Soiis-borute de
Sonde, Borate siirsaturc de sonde. It is found in
an impure state in Thibet and Persia. It is in-
(Hlorous ; taste eool, and somewhat alkaline;
.■ioluble in 12 parts of water. Borax is seldom
u.scd except as a lotion in aphtha;.
BoKATE OF Meucuky has been recommended
as an antipvphilitic.
BORAXTRIOX, Borax.
BORBON'IA RUSCIFO'LIA. A small South
African shrub, used in asthma and hydrothorax.
In decoction, it is given as a diuretic. — Pappe.
BORRORUS, Fitnus.
BORBORYG'MUS, from /Jop/Jopu^io, 'I make a
dull noise.' Munnur seu liombiis seu Motus In-
testino'rutn, Anile' ma, Anile'sia, O(fliopsoph'ia, In-
toiia'tio intestina'iis, 3turmur ventris sou intesti-
l.t.'le, lior'bori/gm, (Sc.) Blniter, BInttcr, (Prov.)
CrolUiuj, Growling, (F.) Gargonillenient, Grouille-
iiient d'Entraillcs. The noise made by flatus in
the intestines. This happens often in health,
especially in nervous individuals.
BOUb (F.), Margo, Edge, Margin. Anato-
mists have so named the boundaries of an organ.
Thus, the bimes, muscles, <fee. have bords as well
as bodies. The 'free edge,' bord libre, is one not
connected with any part; the 'adhering edge,'
lord adherent, one that is connected; and the
lord articni.riire, or 'articular margin or edge,'
that which is joined to another bone.
BOBD CILIAIEE, Ciliary margin.
BORDEAUX, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Near this great city, in the south-west of France,
is a saline, chalybeate spring. It contains oxide
of iron, carbonate and sulphate of lime, chlorides
of sodium and calcium, subcarbonate of soda, and
galphatc of magnesia.
BORE, Boron.
BORE-TREE, Sambucus.
BOiiGNE (F.), Codes, Unoc'nlns, Luscns,
Zuscio'sns. One who has only one eye, or sees
only with one. The word has been used, figu-
ratively', for blind, in surgery and anatomy. See
C'iBCUS.
BORIUM, Boron.
BORKIIAUSENIA CAVA, Fumaria bulbosa.
BORN, past participle of tea;-, (F.) ne. Brought
forth from the womb.
BoHN Alive. It has been decided by English
judges, that 'to be born alive,' means, that acts
if life must have been manifested after the whole
body has been extruded; and that respiration in
transitu is not evidence that a child was born
alive. It must be 'wholly born alive;' hence
respiration may be a sign of life, but not of live
birth.
BORON, Bo'ritim, Bornm, (F.) Bore. A simple
substance, the basis of boracic acid ; obtained, by
beating potassium with boracic acid, as a dark,
olive-coloured powder, devoid of taste and smell.
Heated in the air or in oxygen, it is converted
into boracic acid.
BOR'OSAIL, Zael. ^Ethiopian names for a
disease, very common there, which attacks the
organs of generation, and appears to have con-
siderable analogy with syphilis.
BORRAGO, Borago officinalis.
BORRl, Curcuma longa.
BORRIBERRI. Curcuma longa.
BORSE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Borse is
a village in Beam. The waters are chalybeate.
BORUM, Boron.
BOSA. An yEgyptian name for a mass, made
of the meal of darnel, hemp-seed, and water. It
is inebriating. — Prospero Alpini. At the present
day, it is applied to a kind of acidulated and,
sometimes, fermented scherbet. In its common-
est form, it is made by fermenting an infusion of
millet-seed. A more agreeable Bosa is prepared
by the I]gyptians from tamarinds and honey;
and by the Greeks from the fruit of Solanum Ly-
copersicum. This last is called, by them, A/joocir-
TtKov, Drosis'ticon.
BOSCllESJESMANSTIIEE, Methystophyl-
lum glaucum.
BOSOM, see Mamma.
BOSSA, Plague token.
BOSSE, Hump, Protuberance — b. Nasale,
Nasal protuberance.
BOSSU, see Hump.
BOSWELLIA SERRATA, see Juniperus lycia
— b. Thurifera, see Juniperus Ivcia.
BOTAL FORA'MEN, For'a'men Bota'le seu
Botal'lii, Fora'men Ova'le, (F.) Trott de Bo-
tal, TroH ovale. A large opening which exists
in the foetus in the partition between the two
auricles of the heart; and by means of which
the blood passes from one to the other. Its
discovery is generally attributed to Leonard Bo-
tallus, Botal, or Botalli, who wrote in 1562. It
was spoken of, however, by Vesalius, and evea
by Galen.
BOTANE, Herb.
BOTANICAL DOCTOR, Ilerb-doctor.
BOTANIQ UE MEDIO ALE, Botany, medical.
BOT'ANY, MEDICAL, Botan'iea Med'iea,
Ifedici'ua Botan'iea, Phytolog"ia 3fed'ica, from
PoTuvn, 'an herb,' (F.) Botanique 3Iedicale. The
knowledge of the [)roperties, characters, &e. of
those vegetables which are used in medicine.
BOTAR'GO, (F.) Botnrgue. A preparation
made in Italy and the south of France, with the
eggs and blood of the MngiUeph'alns or Mullet,
strongly salted, after it has become putrescent.
It is used as a condiment.
BOT ARGUE, Botargo.
BOTCH, (I.) Bozzu. Of old, a swelling of the
skin. A phlegmon. A large ulcerous allection.
BOTHOR. An Arabic term for al)sccss in the
nares. It means, also, a tumour in general;
especially those which are without solution of
continuity.
BOTHRIOCEPH'ALUS, B. latns, Bothrio-
ceph'alum, from (iuDpiov, 'a small pit,' and Ktipa^ri,
' head.' Botrioceph'alus, Biboth'rinm latum,
Tce'nia lata seu vnlgu'ris seu os'cnlis laleral'ibtii
gctn'inis seu grisca sou membrana'eea seu tenel'la
seu denta'ta seu linnia'nn iner'mis seu prima seu
os'cnlis lateral'ibus aolita'riis seu aeeph'iila ecu
osvnlis snperficidl'ibns, Lumbri'cus latns, Plnte'a,
Haly'sis membrana'cea seu lata, (F.) Tenia d an-
neaux courts ou Jiou arme, Ver solitaire, liroad
Tape-worm. Common in Switzerland, Russia,
and some parts of France. It inhabits the intes-
tines of man, and extends to an enormous length.
A broken specimen has been obtained 60 yards
long. — Goeze.
BOTII'RION, Both'rium, from ^o&piov, 'a small
BOTHRIUM
137
BOURBON-LANCY
pit, cavity,' Ac. An alveolus, or small fossa. A
Fraall, deep ulcer on the cornea. — Galen, Paulus
of ^gina. See Fonaette.
BO rilRTUM, Bothrion, Fotaette.
BOTIIIIOS, Fovea.
BOIMX. Torcbinthina.
BdTrrM. Bronchocele.
BOTOTIIINUM. An obscure term, used by
Piiraci'lsus to denote the most striking symptom
of a (lisi'iise: — the Fton morhi.
BOTOU, Pnreira brava.
BOTIUOOKPHALUS, Bothriocephalus.
]?0riUOX. Alveolus.
BOTllOl'IlIS SERPENTARIA, Actsea race-
mosa.
BOTRYS, Chenopodium botrys, see Vitis vini-
fera — b. Ambrosioides, Cheno|)odium ambrosio-
iiles — 1). Americana, Chenopodium ambrosioides
— b. Antlieliuintica, Chenopodium anthelminti-
cum — Vi. McNicana, Chenopodium ambrosioides.
IWTTIXE {¥.). A thin hoot or hmkin, O'cren
le'vinr. An instrument which resembles a small
boot, furnished with springs, straps, buckles, &c.,
and used to obviate distortions of the lower ex-
tixMnities in children.
]5()TTf,K-N0SR. Gutta rosea.
BOTTLH-STOOP. In Pharmacy, an arrange-
ment for giving the proper inclination to a bottle
containing a powder, so as to admit of the con-
tents being readily removed by the knife, in dis-
pensing medicines. It consists of a block of
wood with a groove in the upper surface, to re-
ceive the bottle in an oblique position.
BOTTOM. Niitos.
BO'I'TRY-TRKK, Sambucus.
B0iniAT,TOS, Momordica elaterium, Vulva.
.BOUBON, Bubo.
BOUOAGE ANL% Pimpinella anisura — 6.
Mnjeur, Pimpinella magna — 6. MIneur, Pimpi-
nella sax'ifraga — h. Petit, Pimpinella sa.xifraga.
nOUGIIE, Mouth — 6. Pdteuae, Clammy
mouth.
JIO !fCLE^rENT, Infibulation.
BOUE, see Corruption.
BOUE SPLENIQVE. The altered blood ex-
travasated into the splenic cells has been so
called.
BOUES! DES EAUX {¥.), Bones Minirales,
Bul'iiea Cieiio'sa. The mud or swamp, formed
near mineral springs, impregnated with the sub-
stances contained in such springs, and conse-
quently possessing similar properties. The Boues
are applied generally and topically, in France, at
the springs of St. Ainand, BagnereS de Luchon,
Bagnols, and Bareges; in the United States, at
the While Sulphur in Virginia, &c.
BOUES MINE RALES, Poues des eanx.
BOUFFE, (F.) The small eminence, formed
by the junction of the two lips. — Delaureus.
Bot'FFK. Eructation.
BOUFFEE DE CHALEUR, Flush.
BOUFFISSURE, Puffiness.
BOFG/E, (F.) A wax candle: Candel'nlci,
Cfinde'lti, C cp'ren seu tncdicn'tti, Cp'reiim medi-
rii'tiim, Cere'oliis (Viirnrf/o'riim, Da'dion, Speci/'-
lidti ce'reiiiii, VIrrjn ce'ren, Cere'olitn. A flexible
cylinder, variable in size, to be introduced into
the urethra, oesophagus, rectum, <tc., for the pur-
pose of dilating thei>e canals, when contracted.
A Simple Boiiijie is composed of solid and inso-
luble substant-es ; ns plaster, elastic gum, gutta
pcrcha, catgut — (Bougie de Corde d hoyau,) Ac.
It acts of course only mechanically.
BoroiE, Mkd'icatkd, (F.) B. Medicamenteufie,
has the addition of some escharotic or other sub-
stance to destroy the obstacle; as in the Caustic
Boiifjie. fF.) B. catitfriscinte, B. armee.B. emplns-
liqiic, which has a small portion of Lunar Caus-
tic or Common Caustic inserted in its extremity.
Bueamp has recommended a Bougie, which swells
out near its extremity, for the better dilating of
the urethra. This he calls B. d ventre. The
metallic Bougie, invented by Smyth, is a compo-
sition of metal, allowing of great flexibility; and
a hollow IJoufjie is one with a channel running
through it, to be used in the same manner as the
catheter, or otherwise.
BouoiK, Utehine, Sound, uterine.
BOUILLIE, (F.) Pultic'nla, Pap, from (F.)
houillir, 'to boil.' Flour, beaten and boiled with
milk. It is a common food for infants.
BOUILLON, (F.) from houillir, 'to boil,' Jus,
Sorhit"io. A liquid food, made by boiling the
flesh of animals in water. The osniazome, gela-
tin, and soluble salts dissolve : the fat melts, and
the albumen coagulates. Bouillon is nourishing,
owing to the gelatin and osmazome. The Jjis de
Vinnde is a very concentrated Bouillon, prepared
of beef, mutton, veal, <fec.
BOUILLON, in common language, in France,
means a round fleshy excrescence, sometimes
seen in the centre of a venereal ulcer.
BOUILLON BLANC, Verbascum nigrum.
BOUILLONS MEDICINAUX ou PHAR-
3IAGEUTIQUES, Medicinal or Pharmaceutic
Bonillonn, contain infusions or decoctions of me-
dicinal herbs. The Bouillon anx herbes is gene-
rally composed of sorrel or beef.
BOUILLON d'OS, (F.) Bouillon from hones,
is obtained by treating bones with muriatic acid,
in order to dissolve the earth}' parts. The gela-
tin, which remains, is then boiled with a little
meat and vegetables. — D'Arcet. Bouillon, how-
ever, can be easily obtained from the bones of
roast meat by simple coeticm.
BOUILL ONNEMENT, Ebullition.
BOUIS, Buxus.
BOULE D'ACIER, Ferrum tartarizatum— 6,
de Ifars, Ferrum tartarizatum — b. de Mohheim,
Ferrutn tartarizatum — h. de Nancy, Ferrum tar-
tarizatum.
nOULEAU COMMUN, Betula alba.
BOULESIS, Voluntas.
BOULIM'IA, Bulim'ia, Bulim'ius, Bu'limus,
Bou'limos, Bulimi'asis, JJolis'mos, Eclim'ia, Fames
cani'na sen bovi'na seu lupi'na, Appeti'tus cani-
nus, Appeten'tia cani'na, Adcpha'gia, Cynorex'ia,
Orex'in ci/no'des, Bupi'na, Bupei'na, Phagfg'na,
PhagcdfB'na, from (iovi, 'an ox,' and Xiftog,
' hunger ;' or from iSou, augmentative particle, and
Xifjos, 'hunger,' (F.) Boulimle, Faini canine, F.
derorante, Poli/phagie. An almost insatiable
hunger. A canine appetite. It is sometimes
seen in hysteria and pregnancy ; rarely under
other circumstances.
BOULIMIE. Boulimia.
BOULOGNE, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Boulogne is in the department of Pas-de-Calais,
France. The waters are chalybeate.
BOUNCIN(} BET, Saponaria,
BOUND, Costive.
BOUNTREE, Sambucus.
BOUQUET ANATOMfQUE DE RIOLAN,
(F.) from bouquet, a collection of flowers or other
substances tied together. A name given, by some
anatomists, to the collection of ligaments and
muscles, inserted into the styloid process of the
temporal bone.
Boi'QiTicT Fever. Densrue.
BOURBILLON. see Furunculus (core).
BOURBOX-LANCY, MINERAL WATERS
OF. Bourbon-Lancy is a small village in the
department of Saone-et-Loire, France: where
there are thermal saline springs, containing car-
bonic acid, chloride of sodium, and sulphate of
soda, chloride of calcium, carbonate of lime, iron.
BOURBON L'ARCIIAMBAUT 1^8
BRACIIIOCYLLOSIS
and silica. Their heat is from 106° to 135°
Fiihroiiheit.
BOURBON L'ARCIIAMBAUT. MINERAL
WATERS OF. This town is in the department
of Aliier, six leasues west from Moulins. and
has been long celebrated for its thernial chaly-
beate waters. They contain sul])h()hy(lric acid,
sulphate of soda, magnesia, and lime, carbonate
of iron, and silica. Their temperature varies
between \"C>° and 1-15° Fahrenheit.
BOURBONNE - LES - BAINS, MINERAL
WATERS OF. These springs are seven leagues
from Langres, department of Haute -Marne,
France. They are thermal and saline, and have
been long celebrated. Temperature from 10(;°
to 133° Fahrenheit. The FdcHtioim water, (F.)
Enu de Bniirbonne-les-Bnins, Aqua Borfoiioi'sis,
is composed of water, containing twice its bulk
of carbonic acid, f^xxss; chloride of sodium,
f ^j. chloride of calcium, gr. x, &c.
'iiOURBOULE. MINERAL WATERS OF.
A village near Mont d'Or, where there are two
thermal saline springs.
BOUItDAINB. Rhamnus frangula.
BOl'I{DO,yyK.U/-JXT, Tinnitus anrium.
BOURDON SET. I'ulril'Ins, P. e linawen'tii
coitfec'tus seu rotuu'dus, Donnil. A term in French
surgery for charpie rolled into a small mass of
an olive shape, which is used for plugging wounds,
absorbing the discharge, and preventing the
union of their edges. In cases of deep and pene-
trating wounds, as of the abdomen or chest, a
thread is attached to them by which they may
be readily withdrawn, and be prevented from
passing altotrether into those cavities.
BOUHGENE. Rhamnus frangula.
BOURGEON, Granulation, Papula— ?/. Char-
»ii(, Granulation.
BOURGEONNEMENT, see Generation.
BOURGEONS. Gutta rosea.
BOURGUEPTNE, Rhamnus,
BOURRAGHE, Borago officinalis.
BOURRELET (F.) A Pad, a Border. A
fibro-cartilaginous border, which surrounds cer-
tain articulnr cavities, such as the glenoid cavity
of the scapula and the acetabulum ; by which the
depth of those cavities is augmented. See Cor-
pus Callosum.
BOURRELET ROULE. Cornu ammonis.
BOURSE d BERGER, Thlaspibursa— 6. d
Paxtcur. Thlaspibursa.
BOURSES {LES), Scrotum— 5. Mucilagi-
»ie»«e«. Bursa} mucosae — li. Muqueuaes, Bursas
mucosae.
BOURSOUFLURE, Puffiness.
BOURTREE, Sambucus.
BO USSOLE. Glossanthrax.
BOUT DE SEIN (¥.), 'End of the breast,'
'nipple.' An instrument of caoutchouc or ivory
to place over the nipple when the infant sucks,
soon after delivery, or where the nipple is in a
morbid condition.
BOUTON, Papula— 6. d' Alep. see Anthrax—
6. Malin, see Anthrax — h. d'Or, Ranunculus
acris. • ^
BOUTONNfERE (F.), Fixiu'ra, Licis'io. A
long incision made into the urethra to extract a
cak-ulus from the canal, when it is too large to
be discharged.
Also, a small incision or puncture, made in the
peritoneum, or above the pubis, to penetrate the
bladder in certain cases of retention of urine.
BOVACHEVO, Datura sanguinea.
BOVILL.E. Rubeola.
BOVISTA. Lycoperdon.
BOWEL. Intestine.
BOWLEGGED, see Cnemoseoliosis.
BOWMAN'S CAPSULE, sec Kidney.
BOW.MAN'S ROOT, Euphorbia coroUata, Gil.
lenia trifoliata. Leptandria purpurea.
BOXBERRY. Ganltheria.
BOX. MOUNTAIN, Arbutus nva ursi.
BOX TREE, Buxus, Cornns Florida.
BOXWOOD, Cornus Florida.
BOYAU, Intestine— &. PoUiiiique. sec Pollen.
BRABYLON, Prunum Diimascenum.
BRACIIERIOLUM. Truss.
BRACIIERIUM. Truss.
BRACIIIA COPULATIVA, see Peduncles of
the Cerebellum.
BRACIIIA PONTIS, see Peduncles of the
Cerebellum.
BRACIILlilUS, Brachial — b. Internus, Bru-
chialis anterior.
BRA'CHIAL, Brachia'lin, Brachi(p'uK, from
Bracliiiim, ' the arm.' What belongs to the arm.
Brachial Aponkuro'sis. An aponeurosis,
formed particularly by expansions of the tendinis
of the latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, and del-
toides muscles, and which completely envelops
the muscles of the arm.
Brachial Artery, Arte'ria hrachia'lis, Tin',
meral Artery, (F.) Artere ou Troiic hrachial.
The artery, which extends from the axilla to tho
bend of the elbow; where it divides into A. cuhi-
falis and A. radinlis. It passes along the infer-
nal edge of the biceps, behind the median nerve
and between the accompanying veins. Under
the name Brachial Arten/, Chaussier incluilos
the subclavian, axillary, and humeral, the last
being the brachial proper.
Brachial Muscle, Antrrior, Mus'euhut Bm-
chin'lii Aiite'rior. Brachia'lis internus seu niiti'-
ens, Brachias'na, B. internus. (F.) Jlfificle brnrhiul
interne, Humern-cnbital — (Ch.^ This nniscle is
situate at the anterior and inferior part of the
arm, and before the elbow-joint. It arises, flesliy,
from the middle of the os humeri, and is inserted
into the coronoid process of the ulna. Use, To
bend the fore-arm.
Brachial Plexus, Plexus Brachia'h's. is a
nervous plexus, formed by the interlacing of Ihe
anterior branches of the last four cervical pnirs
and the first dorsal. It is deeply seated in tlie
hollow of the axilla, and extends as far as tho
inferior and lateral part of the nc-k. It gives
off the thoracic nerves, supra and infra scopnlur,
and the brachial (which are six in number), the
axillary, cutanci/us, musculo-cutaneous, radiul,
cubital, and median.
Brachial Veins are two in number, and ac-
company the artery, frequently anastomosin;;
with each other: they terminate in the axillary,
Under the term Brachial Veins, Chaussier in-
cludes the humeral, axillary, and subclavian.
BRACJIIALE. Carpus.
B R A C II I A L ' G I A, Neurnl'gin Braehiu'lii,
from (ijia-)(_Ltiiv, 'the arm,' and aXyoi, 'pain.' Pain
in the arm, neuralgia of the arm.
BRACniALIS. Brachial— b. Anticus. Brachid
muscle — b. Externus, see Triceps extensor cubili
— b. Internus, Brachial muscle.
BRACIIIERIUM, Truss.
BRACIIILE, Truss.
BRACHILUVIUM, Bath, arm.
BRACIIIO-CEPllALIC ARTERY, Innnmi-
nata artcria — b. Veins, InnoininaLne venue.
B R A'C II 1 0-C U'B IT A L, Brachio-cuhUn'liK
That which belongs both to the arm and cnbiln?.
This name has been given to the internal lateriil
ligament of the elbow-joint : because it is at-
tached to the OS brachii or os humeri and to the
cubitus or ulna.
BRACmOCYLLO'SIS, from /^pax"-". '"^^
arm,' and kuAXuxtij, 'the act of making crooked.'
BRACIIION
139
BRAS
Curvature of the arm inwards. Paralysis or loss
of power fri)m curvature of the arm.
BKACHION. Brachiutn.
BllACIIION'CUS, from j3p.i;^(u)i/, 'the arm,'
and oyKOi. 'a swelling.' A tumour of the arm.
BRA'CIII0-KA'DrAL,//;r,rA/o-,v„/,V,7;«. That
■which lielongs to the hracliium and radius. Thi.s
name has been applied to the e.\ternal lateral
ligament of the elbow-joint, because it is attached
to the hniiicrus and to the radius. See Supinator
radii loiiirus.
BUACllIORRTIEU'MA, Rheumctis'mus hra'-
chii, from /jpu;^iwi/, 'the arm,' and ptu/ja. 'deflux-
ion. rlu'uniatisui.' llheumatism of the arm.
BKAClIIOT'OMy, Brnr]n„t„m'!n, from Ppa-
p^KDv, 'arm,' and rojiri, 'incision.' Amputation of
the arm.
BRACIiniOLUM, Truss.
BRA'CIllUM, nni'cli!,,,,, Lncer'tiis, (F.) Bras,
'the arm.' The arm from the shoulder to the wrist,
or the |)art between the shoulder and elbow. See
Humeri Os.
BRA'cnniM Ante'uiur. A rounded process,
which passes from the anterior pair of the cor-
pora quadri,!j;emina (iintei) obliquely outwards
into tlie thahirniis opticus.
BuAciiiuM MovKNs QiiAHTtTS, Latissimus dorsi.
Biia'chium PiJstk'riits. A rounded process,
■wliieh passes from the posterior pair of the qua-
drii^einina (teHten) obliquely outwards into the
optic thalamus.
BRACIIUNA, Nymphomania, Satyriasis.
BRACIIYAU'CHEN, from l3p„xvs, 'short,' and
uxnv,
'neck.' One who has a short neck.
BRACHYCEPH'AL.'E (Gentes), 'short heads,'
from 0finxf's, 'short,' and K€ipa\ij< 'head.' In the
classification of Retzius, those nations of men
whose cerebral lobes do not completely cover the
cerebellum — as the Sclavonians, Fins, Persians,
Turks, Tartars, &c.
BRACIIYCIIRON'TUS, from (ipf>x«i- '?hort,'
and xP"''"!) 'time.' That which continues but a
short time. A term a])plied to diseases which
are of short duration.- — (Jalen.
BRACIIYGNA'TIIUS, from [ipaxv;, 'short,'
and yvaOai, 'the under jaw.' A monster with too
short an under jaw. — Gurlt.
BRACIIYNSIS, Abbreviation.
BRACIIYPNCEA, Dyspnoea.
BRACHYP'OTI, from fipaxvi, 'short,' and
roTrji, 'drinker.' They who drink little, or who
drink rarely. Ilippocrntes, Galen, Focsius.
BRACIIYRHYN'CHUS. from lipaxoi, 'short,'
and pvyxos, 'snout.' A monster with too short a
nose.
BRACIIYSMO.S, Aldireviation,
BRACING, Corroborant.
BRACKEN, Pteris aquilina.
BRADYiESTIIE'SIA, from ffouSvi, 'difficult,'
and aiaihiffii. 'sensation.' Impaired sensation.
BRADYBOLISMUS, Bradyspermatismus.
BRADVECOIA, Deafness.
BRAI)YLOG"IA. Dijsl„'l!n ; fromjSpaSvs, 'diffi-
cult,' and Aoyof. 'a discourse.' Difficultj' of speech.
BR.ADYMASE'SIS, Jirndi/masxe'nis, impro-
perly /{rfi'li/m'inte'ni>i, MntnlHctt'tio d!(Jic"ilh,
from /Spat'ii?, 'difficult,' and unar^aii, 'nmstiea-
tion.' bilVicult mastication. See Dysmasesis.
BRADY.MASTESIS. Bradymascsis.
BRADYl'EP'SIA, Tnrdn cibo'nim concoc'tio,
from lioii^ii(, 'slow.' and vcirria. '1 digest.' Slow
difcestion.— Galen. See Dyspepsia.
BRADYSPERMATFS'.M TS, /lrndi/bo?>s'mHs,
Ehfiiht'li'i Kciii'iiiin iiii/>t(li'ltx, DiiupcrmatWmun,
from tipai^fs. 'slow,' and anpiia, '.sperm.' A slow
emission of sperm.
BRADYSU'RIA, TeiiFi'mim rvni'ca, (F.) T^-
nenrne vi<<ical, from (ipaivs, ' difficult,' and ovptiv,
'to pass the urine.' Painful evacuation of the
urine, with perpetual desire to void it. Dysuria.
BRADYTOCIA, Dystocia.
BRAG'GET, liraijyart, liragwort. A name
formerly applied to a tisan of honey and water,
See Ilydromeli.
BUM LIQUIDE, see Pinus sylvestris — 6.
Sec, Colo))honia.
BRAIN, Cerebrum — b. Fag, see Nervous dia-
thesis.
BuAix,LiTTLE, Cerebellum.
BitAix Pan, Cranium — b.Sand, see Pineal gland.
BRAINE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Braine
is a small village, three leagues froiu Soissons,
France, which has purgative waters similar to
those of Passy.
BRAIRETrE, Primula veris.
BRAKE, COMMON, Pteris Aquilina— b. Rock,
Polypodium vulgare, Polypodium incanum.
15uAKK Root, Po!yi)odium vulgare.
BRAKING, Vomiting, Vomiturition.
BRA.MBLE, AMERICAN HAIRY, see Rubus
frutieosus — b. Common, Rubus fruticosus.
BRA.MBLE-BERRIES, see Rubus fruticosus.
BRAN, Furfur.
BHANC-UliSINE BATARDE, Ileracleum
spondylium.
BRANCA GERMANICA, Ileracleum spondy-
lium — b. Ursina, Acanthus mollis — b. Vera,
Acanthus mollis.
BRANCH, from (F.) Brnnclie, originally, pro-
bably, from (ipaxt'ov, 'an arm,' [?] because branches
of trees, <fcc., go oft" like arms. A term applied,
generally, to the principal division of an artery
or nerve. The word is commonly used synony-
mously with RdiHun ; but often, with the French,
Bidiiche signifies the great division ; — Rnmenu,
Lat. RriiiiuK, the division of the branches ; and
R((iniis('i(lcs, Lat. Raiiiiisculi, the divisions of
these last.
The French, also, speak of the hranches of the
pubis for the Rami of that bone, branches of tlio
ischium for the rami of the ischium, Ac.
BRANCHES DE LA MOELLE ALLON-
GEE [PETITES], Corpora restiformia.
BRANCIII, Branvhm. Swellings of the ton-
sils, or parotid, according to some; — of the thy-
roid gland, according to others.
BRAN'CniA, (Gr.) ^payxia. The gills or re-
spiratory organs of fislies, corresponding to tho
lungs of terrestrial animals.
BRANCIIUS, lipayxos, Raiice'do. A catarrhal
affection of the mucous membrane of the fauces,
trachea, &o. — Galen. Hoarseness.
BRANCI, Cynanche tonsillaris.
BRANCIA, Vitrura.
BRANDWINE, Brandy.
BRANDY", (G.) Branntwcin, Dutch,
Brandwijn, 'burnt wine,' (Old Eng.) Brand-
wine. Viniim adus'tiim seu creiiia'tiim, Agua
VitcB, (F.) Spir'itits vhi Gall'i'ci, (Ph. U. S.)
Spir'itiis Gtdl'icas, Eaii de vie, (S.) Afjiiardienli'.
The first liquid product obtained by distilling
wine. It is composed of water, alcohol, and an
aromatic oily matter, which gives it its flavour.
Brandy is a powerful and diffusible stimulant,
and as such is used in medicine. It has been
also called Liquor Aqiiile'i/ins. See Spirit.
BnANDY, Apple, see Pyrus malus — b. Egg, see
Ovum.
Bkandy-Bottles, see Nymphaea lutea.
Brandy-Face. Gutta rosea.
BRANKS, Cynanche parotidaea.
BRANKUR.SINE, Acanthus mollis.
BliAXyrWEIN, Brandy.
BRAS. See Oryza.
BliAS, Brachium — b. du Cervelet, Corpora res-
tiformia.
BRASDOR'S OPERATION 140
BREGMA
BRASDOR'S OPERATION FOR ANEU-
RISM. An oper.ation by ligature, proposed by
lirasdor, which consists in the application of the
ligature on the distal side of the tumour.
BRASEGUR, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Bras6gur is a place in the diocese of Rhodez,
where there are cathartic waters.
BRASE.VIA, B. Hydropeltis.
Biiasb'nta Hyduopel'tis, Brase'nin, B. Pel-
tii'tii, H 11 drupel' tin purpu'rea, Gehttinn aquat'icn,
Froyleaf. Little Water Lily, Water JtUy, Water
nhield, Water tanjct, Beei'/ood. An indigenous
plant, J.V<(^ Ord. RanunculaceiB, Sex. Syst. Poly-
nndria Polygynia, flourishing from Kentucky to
Carolina and Florida; and covering the surface
of ponds, marshes, &c. The fresh leaves are
mucilaginous, and have been used in pulmonary
complaints, dysentery, &c., like Cetraria.
BiiASKNiA Peltata, B. Hydropeltis.
BRASH, (Sc), of uncertain etymology. A
transient attack of sickness. A bodily indispo-
sition. — Jamieson. A rash or eruption. (Prov.
West of England.)
Brash, Water, Pyrosis,
Brash, Weaning, (Sc.) Speaning hraah,
Atroph'ia Ablactato' rum. A severe form of
diarrhoea, which supervenes at times on weaning.
The Maladie de Oruveilhier appears to be a simi-
lar affection.
BRAStLETTO, see Caesalpinia.
BRASrUM, Malt.
BRASMOS, Fermentation.
BRASS, Sax. bpar, Wclnh, pr6s. AurichaV-
cxtm, properly, Orichal'ctim, ('mountain brass,'
from opo;, 'a mountain,' and p^aXicof, 'brass.')
Chri/sriclial'cos, C/ialcnn, Esccavum, (F.) Airaiii.
A yellow metal, formed by mixing copper with
calamine. The same general remarks apply to it
as to copper. See Cuprum,
BRAS'SICA, Crambe, B.olera'cea seu capita'-
tn seu cnma'na of the old Romans. The C&h-
hiige, {F.) Cfioii potaycr. Ocrfer, Cruciferae. Sex.
Si/it. Tetradynamia Siliquosa. Cato wrote a
book on its virtues. It is a vegetable by no
moans easy of digestion when boiled; when raw,
it appears to be more digestible. When forming
a solid globular mass, like a head, it is the B.
C'apita'ta, (F.) Chou-Uubun, Choii Pomme.
BuAssiCA Canina, Mercurialis perennis — b.
Capitata, Brassica — b. Cumana, Brassica.
IJras'sica EftU't'A, B. hig'pida, Eru'ea, E.foe'-
tida seu sati'va, Siiia'pis eru'ea, Sinym'br{um
ei- Ilea n't rum, Garden Rocket, Roman Rochet,
Shinlock, Ac, (F.) Ghou Roquette, Roqnette.
This was considered by the Romans an aphrodi-
siac. — Columella. The seeds were ordinarily
used.
Bras'siCA FlOr'ida, — Braa'sica Pompeia'na
of the ancients — the Caidijloicer, Catdia Flor'ida,
(F. ) Chou-Jieiir, \s a more tender and digestible
variety.
The Broc'eoli, B. Sabel'licu of the Romans, B,
Jtal'ica, belongs to this variety.
Brassica IIispida. B. eruoa — b. Italica, B.
Florida — b. Marina, Convolvulus soldanella.
Bras'sica NapuS, Napns Si/lveitris, Bu'niaa,
Rape, (F.) Navette. The seed yields a quantity
of oil.
Brassica Nigra, Sinapis nigra — b. Oblonga,
B. rapa — b. Oleracea, Brassica — b. Pompeiana,
B. Florida.
BuAS'siCA Rapa, Rnpa rotmi'dn seu ohlon'ga
Feu napiiH, Rapum maJKS, Sinn'pia tubero'aa,
Turnip, (F.) Chou iiavet, Novet, Rave. The tur-
nip is liable to the same objection (but to a less
extent) as the cabbage.
Brassica Sadellica, B. Florida.
BRATHU, Juniperus sabina.
BRATHYS, Juniperus sabina.
BRAWLINS, Arbutus uva ursi, Vaccinium
vitis ida'^a.
BRAWN. Muscle.
BRA YER, Truss.
BRAYERA ANTIIELMINTICA, Ilagenia
Abyssinica.
BRAZIL WOOD, Cfcsalpinia echinata.
BREAD, see Triticum.
Bread, Gluten. Bread made of wheat dough
deprived of the chief portion of its st:irch by
washing. Bread, made of gluten onl_y, cannot
be eaten, on account of its hardness and tough-
ness; hence one-fifth of the normal quantity of
starch is allowed to remain, and in this form the
bread is said to be tolerably light, eatable, and
moderately agreeable.
BREAn, HousEnoLn, Syncomistos.
BREADBERRY, Pap.
BREAD-FRUIT TREE, Artocarpus.
BREAKBONE FEVER, Dengue.
BREAST, Thorax, Mamma— b. Abscess of the,
Mastodynia apostematosa — b. Pigeon, see Lor-
dosis.
BREAST-GLASS, Milk-glaaa. A glass applied
to the nipple to receive the milk when secreted
copiously by the mamma.
Breast, Irritable, Neuralgia mammae.
BREAST-PANG, SUFFOCATIVE, Angina
pectoris.
BREAST-PUMP, Antlia Lactea.
BREASTWEED, Saururus cernuus.
BREATH, Sax. bpase, (Old Eng.) Aande,
and Ande, IJal'itHS, Anhel'itus, An'imuH, Spir'-
itiis, At'mos, (F.) Halcine. The air expelled from
the chest at each expiration. It requires to be
studied in the diagnosis of thoracic diseases espe-
cially. See Respiration.
Breath, Opfens'ive, Foetor Oris, Catoatoma-
toaphre'ain, Hal'itits oria fvc'tidus, Oze. An offen-
sive condition, which is usually dejiendent upon
carious teeth, or some faulty state of the secre-
tions of the air passages. The internal use of the
chlorides may be advantageous.
Breath, Saturnine, see Saturnine— b. Short,
Dyspnoea.
BREATHING AIR, see Respiration.
Breathing, DirpicuLTY of. Dyspnoea.
BRECHET, (P.) The Briaket. This name is
given in some parts of France to the eartihiyo
enaiformis, and sometimes to the sternum itself.
BRECHMA, Bregma.
BRECHMUS, Bregma.
BREDISSURE {¥.), Triamua Capiatra'tua.
Incapacity of opening the mouth, in consequence
of preternatural adhesion between the internal
part of the cheek and gums; often occasioned by
the abuse of mercury.
BREDOUILLEMENT (F.), Tituhan'tia. A
precipitate and indistinct mode of utterance, ia
which a part only of the words is pronounced,
and several of the syllables viciously changed.
This defect is analogous to stuttering, but differs
from It in being dependent on too great rapidity
of speech; whilst stuttering is characterized by
continual hesitation, and frequent repetition of
the same syllables.
BREE, Supercilium.
BREED, Race.
BREEDING, Generation, Preo-nant
. Breeding, Cross. The act of reusing or breed-
mg from different stocks or families
Breeding-in-and-in. The act of raising or
breeding from the same stock or familv
BREELLS, Spectacles.
BREGMA, Z?;-ccAma, Brechmua, from pptytiv,
'to sprinkle;' Fctanel'la, Sin'ciput. The top
of the head was thus called, because it wa« be-
lieved to be humid in infants; and, according to
BREGMATODYMIA
141
BROMINE
some, hppause it wns conceived to correspond to
the nioHt huiirul part of the brain.
lUlHdMATODYMIA, see Cephalodymia.
IJUKNNIXd, Burning.
BHKIMIOC'TONO.V, Conyza squarrosa.
BH EI'IIOTROIMIK'UM, Ecthe/oh-ephotrophc'-
inii. fVnin (iiic.il.oi, 'a new-born child,' and r/jt^tiv,
'to nourisii.' A foundling hospital.
Jli;h'SILL/'jr, Cassalpina sappan.
BRK'VIA VASA, Short Ve>,,t'ls. This name
has licon given to several branches of the splenic
nrteries anil veins, which are distributed to the
great ml-dn-Han of the stomach.
BRF.VI.S CUBIXr, see Anconeus.
BRICK, (F.) Jiri</ii(;. Hot bricijs are some-
times used to apply heat to a part, as to the ab-
domen in colic, or after the operation for popli-
teal aneurism : or, reduced to very fine powder,
and mixed with fat, as an application to herpetic
and p?oric affections.
BiticKS, Foriia'ceo! Testes or Tiles were for-
merly bruised in vinegar, and the liquid was used
as a specific in cutaneous affections. They en-
tered, also, into a cerate used for scrofulous hu-
iMonrs, itc. To the Term Foriin'cum, or Brick
c'lrth. flic same virtues were assigned.
iniTCKLlKE SEDIMENT, see Lateritious.
BR I CUM UM, Artemisia.
imrDE (P.), 'a bridle.' Fra-'nnlnm, lieti-
unc'iiliiiii. This terra is given, in the plural, to
membranous filaments, which are found within
abscesses or deep-seated wounds, and which pre-
vent the exit of pus. The terra is, also, applied
to preternatural adhesions, which occur in cica-
trices of the skin, in the urethra, or in inflamed
serous or synovial membranes.
BRlEF.'Rife.
BRfKR. WILD, Rosa Canina.
BRIGIirS DISEASE OF THE KIDNEY,
see Ki'lnev, Bright's disease of the.
BRIOHTON, CLIMATE OF. The air of this
fashionable watering-place, on the south coast of
England, is dry, elastic, and bracing. Its cli-
mate appears to the greatest advantage in the
autumn and early part of the winter; when it is
somewliat mihler and more steady than that of
Hastings. Accordingly, it is adapted for all
cases in which a dry and mild air at this season
of the year proves beneficial. In the spring
months, owing to the prevalence of, and its ex-
posure to, north-east winds, the climate is cold,
harsh, and exciting to the delicate. It is well
adapted for convalescents, and for all who require
a dry and bracing sea air.
BRIMSTONE', Sulphur.
BRINE, Maria.
BRIXTON ROOT, Leptandria purpurea.
BRION, Corallina.
BIUQUE. Brick.
DRIQUEBEC, MINERAL AVATERS OF.
This town is three leagues from Cherbourg, in
J'ranee. The water contains chloride of iron.
BRIQl'ETE, Lateritious.
BRISE-COQUE (F.), from hriser, 'to break
to pieces,' and or/iie, ' a shell.' An instrument
designed by lleurteloup for breaking to pieces
the shell of a vesica! calculus, after it has been
hollowed by his lunudrin d rinpile.
BRISE-PIERRE ARTWULE (F.), from
hriser, 'to break to pieces, and pierre, 'a stone.'
An instrument invented by Jacobson for crush-
ing the stone in the bladder.
BRISTOL HOT WELL, Bristolien'sis Aqun.
Bristol is about thirteen miles from Bath, in
England. The water is an almost pure thermal;
slightlv acidulated. It contains chlorides of
magnesium and sodium, sulphate of soda, sul-
phate of lime, carbonate of lime, carbonic acid,
oxygen and azote. Temperature, 74° Fah. The
II(jt Well has been long celebrated. Its action
is like that of thermal waters in general. The
climate of Bristol is mild, and hence the water
has been celebrated for the cure of incipient pul-
monary consumption. See Clifton.
BRIZOCERAS, Ergot.
BROAD, SnjT. bpatj, Latus, (F.) Lnnje. Any
body is so termed whose transverse extent is
considerable compared with its length. The
Broail Roues, such as the frontal, parietal, occi-
pital, iliac, aid in forming the parietes of splanch-
nic cavities. Brood Muselcs generally occupy
the parietes of cavities, and especially those of
the chest and abdomen. The epithet has also
been applied to other parts— as to the brood li'jn-
ments of the womb, Ac.
BROCCOLI, Brassica .sabcllica.
BROCHOS, fipoxos, La'qucits. A bandage.
BROCHT, Vomiting.
BROCH'THUS, (ii>ox%s, Gula. The throat.
Also, a kind of small drinking vessel. — Hipp.
BROCHUS, /3po;^;os. This name has been given
to one who has a very prominent upper lip.
According to others it means one whose teeth
project in front of the mouth.
BRO'DIUM. A synonym of Jus or Jus'cidnm.
Broth, or the liquor in wliich anj' thing is boiled.
Bro'diniii soils — a decoction of salt.
BROIEMENT, see Cataract, Laceration -6.
de In Pierre, Lithotrity.
BROKELEAK, Rumex hydrolapathum.
BROKEN DOSES, see Doses, broken.
BROKEN-WINDEDNESS, Asthma.
BROMA, Aliment, Bromine.
BROMATOECCRISIS, Lientery.
BROMATOCi'RAPIIY. Bromf,to(,rnph'i,t, Bro.
woij' ropht/, Rroniorp-ii/di' in, from /3pw;i(i, 'food,'
and yfiaipri, 'a description.' A description of ali-
ments.
BROMATOL'OGY, Brom(itoIog"i<i, SitioVogy,
from jijjiouia, 'food,' and Xoyo;, 'a discourse.' A
treatise on food.
BROME, Bromine.
BROMEGRASS, Bromus ciliatus — b. Soft,
Bromus ciliatus.
BROME'LIA ANA'NAS, called after Olans
Broinel. a Swede. Cnr'diius Braxilitt'inis, Ano'-
nns ovn'ta seu ocidea'tn, Anns' sn, Cnpn-Isiok'kn,
Ann'nus or Pine Apple, Sonrsnp. Order, Bro-
meliacenj. A West India tree, which produces
the most delicious of fruits.
Bromk'lia PlNGt;iN, Aiin'»ns America'na, Piii-
(fiiin, Brotrd-leoved irild Ano'iuis, &c. The West
India plant, which affords the Pinguin fruit. The
fruit is refrigerant, and the juice, when ripe, very
austere. It is used to acidulate punch. A wine
is made from the Pinguin, which is very intoxi-
cating, and has a good flavour.
BliOMIC, Bro'mirtis; same etymon as Bro-
mine. Containing bromine.
BROMIDE OF IRON, see Bromine — h. of
Mercury, see Bromine — b. of Potassium, see
Bromine.
BROMIDRO'SIS, from (Spwixoi, 'stench,' and
'i6pwi, 'sweat.' Offensive sweat.
BROMINE, Bro'minnm (Ph. IT. S., 18-12), Bro-
wiii'iiiin (1851), Bruinn, Rroinin'eiim, Bro'miimi,
Bro' ininn, Bromitm, Mu'rinu, Jliiride, Bronie.
A simple body, of a very volatile nature, and
highly offensive and suffocating odour, whence
its name, from Pfiui^os, 'a stench.' It is met with
chiefly in sea-water, and in many animal anil
vegetable bodies that live therein. It has like-
wise been found in many mineral waters of this
and other countries. In its chemical relations,
it may be placed between chlorine and iodine.
With oxygen it forms an aciil — the Rromic, and
with hydrogen another — the Hi/drobromic.
BROMIUM
14:
BRONCHITIS
Pure Bromine; Bromide of Irov, Ferr! Bro'-
midnm, Fernim broiiKi'tiiui, (P.) Bromure dc Fer,
in solution, IlyJrobromate of Iron, Ferri liydio-
bro'mus, Fcrruin hi/droiro'iiiiriiiii o.v;jdri'tiiin,{dose,
gr. i or ij.); and Bromide of Po^ssium, Potas'nii
bro'miditiii, (F.) Bromure de jjotassiiim, have been
used mediuinally, and chiefly in scrof'ulosis —
internally, as well as applied externally. Bro-
mine nia3' be dissolved in forty parts of distilled
water, and six drops be commenced with as a
dose. Bromidks or Mercury (Hi/drar'</i/n' Bro'-
mida, (P.) Broiitures de Meroirc), have been given
in syphilis. The prolobromide and the bibroiin'de
are analogous in composition and medicinal pro-
perties to the corresponding iodides of mercury.
Chloiude of Bromine, Bromin'ii chlo'ridam
— made by passing chlorine through brouit'ne, and
condensing the resulting vapours by cold, has been
prescribed internally, as well as externally, in
cancer; but chiefly in the latter mode, in the
form of a caustic paste, either alone or with other
chlorides — as those of zinc, antimony, and gold.
BROMIUM, Bromine.
BR0M0(5RAPIIY, Bromatography.
BROMOS, (iputjioi. One of the cerealia, sup-
posed, by some, to be oats. See Avena.
BROMOSUS, Fetid.
BROMUM, Bromine.
BROMURE DE FER, see Bromine — 6. de
3fercure, see Bromine — b. de Potasm'itm, see
Bromine.
BROMUS CILIA'TUS, B. pnrgam, Brome
gram; indigenous: Order, Gramineae ; is said to
be emetic, and anthelmintic [?], cathartic and
diuretic. It purges cattle.
Bromus Glaber, Triticum repena.
Bromus Mollis, Suft Brome Grans. The seeds
are said to cause giddiness in man, and to be
fatal to poultry.
Bromus Pukgans, B. ciliatus — b. Temulentus,
Lolium temulentum.
BRONCHARCTIA, Bronchiostenosis.
BRONCHECTASIS, Bronchia, dilatation of
the.
BRONCHES, Bronchia — t. GamjUona lym-
pluttiqiu's den. Bronchial glands.
BRONCHI, Bronchia.
BRON'CHIA, Broii'cli!(P, Bronchi, from ^poy.
Xos, 'the throat' The Latins used the terra
Jironehnn for the whole of the trachea; whilst
they called its ramifications Bronchia. Bronchia,
BronchicB, und Bronchi, (F.) Bronclies, now mean
the two tubes, with their ramifications, which
arise from the bifurcation of the trachea, and
carry air into the lungs — Gan'nulce pidmo'num,
Syrin'i/es seu Cana'len aerij'eri.
Bronchia, Dilatation op the. Dilated Bron-
chia, Bronchec'tanis, Brouchiec'tasis, Dilatntio
bronchio'rum. The physical signs of this condi-
tion are the following: PercHsiion usually clear,
but not unfrequently less so than natural, although
very seldom quite dull. A uscultation detects coarse
mucous or gurgling rhonehi, increased by the
cough, combined with, or replaced by, bronchial
or cavernous respiration, which is often effected
as if b}' a sudden puff or whiff. The resonance
of the voice is increased, but it seldom amounts
to perfect pectoriloquy. The most common situa-
tions for dilated bronchia are the scapular, mam-
mary, or lateral regions. They are almost always
confined to one side.
Broncuia, Obliteration or Compression of
THE. The inspiratory murmur on auscultation
is weaker or wholly suppressed over a limited
portion of the chest ; the expiration is generally
more distinct and prolonged: all the other con-
ditions are natural.
BRONCHIA, see Bronchia.
BRON'CHIAL, Bronchic, Bronchia'Ux, Bron'-
chicHS, (F.) Bronchial, Brouckiqtie. That which
relates to the bronchia.
Bronchial Ahteriks, (F.) Artcree Bronchlquet.
These are generally two in number, one going to
each lung. They arise from the thoracic aorta,
and accompany the bronchia in all their ramifi-
cations.
Bronchial Cells, (F.) Cellules bronc/iir/ncs.
The Air-cells; the terminations of the bronchia.
Bronchial Cough, (P.) J'oit.c bronchiqne, T.
tnhaire. This generally accompanies bronchial
respiration. They both indicate obstruction to
the entrance of air into the air-cells.
Bronchial Glands, Glan'dnlop, Vesalia'nce,
Glands of Vesa'lius, (F.) Glandea bronchiqiies,
Gunylions hjmphaliqnes des branches, are numr.
rous glands of an ovcjid shape; of a reddish hue
in the infant, find subsequently brown and black,
seated in the course of the bronchia. Their func-
tions are unknown. The bronchial glands may
be presumed to be affected by scrofulosis, when,
in addition to the existence of tumours in the
neck, percussion gives a dull sound under the
upper and central part of the sternum, whilst
there is no appreciable lesion of the lungs.
Bronchial Nerves, (F.) Nerfs bronchiques,
are furnished by the two pulmonary plexuses.
Bronchial Phthisis, see Phthisis bronchial —
b. Respiration, see Murmur, respiratory.
Bronchial Veins arise from the last divisions
of the arteries of the same name, and pass, on
the right side, into the vena azygos ; on the left,
into the superior intercostal.
BRONCHIC, Bronchial.
BRONCHIECTASIS, Bronchia, dilatation of
the.
BRONCIIIITIS, Bronchitis.
BRON'CIIIOLE, lironchiolum, Bronchiolna;
diminutive of Bronchium or Bronchus. A minuta
bronchial tube.
BRONCHIOPNEUMONIA, Bronchopneumo-
nia.
BRONCIIIOSTENO'SIS, Bronchiarc'tia, from
fipoyxoi, 'a bronchus,' and artvoiais, 'contraction.'
Contraction or narrowness of the bronchi.
BRONCUITE CONVULSIVE, Pcrtussis-J.
Paeudonienihraneuse, Polypus bronchialis.
BRONCHI'TIS, Bronchi i't is, Lijlamma'tio
bronchio'rum, Cat<ir'rhns f'idtno'num seu bron-
chio'rum, Pleuri'tis hn'midii seu bronchin'lis,
Bronchos'tasis, Ant/i')ia bronchia'lis, Piil'inonary
Catfirrh, (F.) Injlammation des Branches. In-
flammation of the lining membrane of the bron-
chial tubes. This is always more or less present
in cases of pulmonary catarrh ; and is accompa-
nied by cough, mucous expectoration, dyspnoea,
and more or less uneasiness in breathing. The
acute form is accompanied with all the signs of
internal inflammation, and recjuires the employ-
ment of antiphlogistics followed by revulsives.
The chronic form, Tussis seni'lis, Catar'rhug seni'-
lis, Rhcuma catarrha'le, Peripneumn'nia nothn,
Bronchorrhw'a acn'ta, Winter Contjh, Chronic
Catarrh, may be confounded with phthisis; from
which it must be distinguished mainly by the
absence of hectic fever and of the physicalsigns
that are characteristic of the latter, as well as
by the nature of the expectoration, which is ge-
nerally mucous, although at times muco-purulent.
When the expectoration is little or none, the bron-
chitis is said to be dry, dry catarrh, (F.) Catarrhe
Sec.
When bronchitis affects the smaller tubes, it is
termed capil'lary bronchi'tis. bronchi'tis capillu'-
ris, brouchoc'ace infanti'lis [?], and is often fatal
to children. Vcsic'ular bronchitis is the term
proposed by M.M. Rilliet and Barthcz for the
vesicular pneumonia of children.
BRONCniUS
14 3 BRUIT DECK A Q UEMEXT
BnoNrniTis, Catarrh — b. Asthenica, Peripneu-
TDoniii iiotha — b. Capillary, gee Bronchitis — b.
Chronic, see Bronchitis — b. Crouposa, Polypus
bronchialis — b. Convulsiva, Pertussis — b. Exsu-
(lativa, Polypus bronchialis.
BuoNCnrns, Mkchan'ical. Inflammation of
the lining rnetnbrane of the air-tubos, induced by
the inhalation of irritating particles.
Buo.NciiiTis Mkmbranacka, Polypus bronchia-
lis — b. Plastic, Polypus bronchialis — b. Pseudo-
membranous, Polypus bronchialis — b. Summer,
Fever, hnv — b. Vesicular, see Bronchitis.
BROXCII I US. Sterno-thvroideus.
BROXCHLHMMITIS, Polypus bronchialis.
BHONCUOCACE, Peripneumonia notha — b.
Infantilis, see Bronchitis.
BKONCIIO-CATARRIIUS, Catarrh.
BIlONCIIOCE'IiE, from /?/7oy;^o5, 'a bronchus,'
and Kti'Xri, 'tumour.' An inaccurate name for the
iidection which is called, also, Jin'cln'nm, Botiiim,
JSociiim, Hernia fjut'turis seu gvti}tr(('lia seu brun-
rhia'Un, Giittiir tu'midum seu ylobo'imm, Trnche-
luphii'mn, Thyroce'Ie, Thyreoce'le, Trnrheoce'le,
Trticheloce'le, Thi/remphraj-'is, I'/ii/reapIirax' ia,
Tfnjrophrax'ia, Tlii/reoii'citfi, Thi/rou'cim, Ueiioii'-
ciis, Dcron' cus, Gonntim, Go'tium, Ejcechebron'rhus,
(lotujro'na, Struma, Glaus, Tuber f/utturo'nur»,
Gdtte'rla, &c., the Derht/nhire neck, Swelled neck,
Wen, Goitre, &c., (F.) Goitre, Goueire, Hyper-
trophie (lu Corjjs Tlu/roide, Grosne Gon/e, Gros
ViiH. This is no rupture, but consists of an en-
largement of the thyroid gland. It is common
at the base of lofty mountains in every part of
the world; and has been supposed to be owing
to the drinking of snow-water, but it occurs
where there is no snow. The tumour is some-
times very e.xtensive. Iodine has great power
over it, and will generally occasion its absorp-
tion, when the case has not been of such dura-
tion as to have ended in a cartilaginous condition.
BllONCHOCEPHALITIS, Pertussis.
BKONCIIOPARALYSIS, Asthma.
BRONCHOPHONY, Resonance— b. Pectorilo-
quoiis. Pectorilo()uv — b. Strong, Pectoriloquy.
BRONCHOPLAS'TIC, Bronehoplnx'tienx, from
^j)oy)(_oi, 'a bronchus,' and n^aaau). ' I form.' An
epithet given to the operation for closing fistulas
in the trachea : Jiron'chophistj/.
BRONCIIOPNEUMO'NIA, Bron'chiopneu.
vio'niii, from |IJ/joy;^oj, 'a bronchus,' and Pneumo-
nia. Infiammation of the bronchia and lungs.
BRONCHORRHCE'A, (F.) Ihouchorriae, Ca-
tnrrhe pituiteu.i:/'hle;jinorrh'i;/ie pulmonaire,FhlJ•
bronchi(jue, from fipoyxoi. •bronchus,' and pcia, 'I
flow.' An increased secretion of mucus froni the
air passages, accompanied or not by inflammation,
— a gleet, as it were, of the pulmonary mucous
membrane. When excessive, it may constitute
PhlliixiH pituito'ga seu viuco'kii, Mi/<-o-jilillii'nis.
BiiONCHoitiiiKEA Acuta, Bronchitis (chronic).
BRONCHOSTASIS, Bronchitis.
BRONCHOTOMK. lironchot'omus. from Ppoy-
■)(oq, and Ttiivuv, 'to cut.' A kind of lancet, with
a blunt and rounded point, mounted on a handle,
and fitted to a canula, which passes in along with
it, and is allowed to remain in the opening made
in the trachea.
BROXCHOTOMY. nronch,>ton,'ia,(Y.) Bron-
rholnmie. Same etymology. A surgical operation,
which consists in niaking an opening either into the
irnvhen.{Tr<ieheot'o,ni/:) int.. the laryn.x, (Lanjn-
(/ot'orn,/:) or into both, ( Tracliea-hfrijinjot'omy.) to
extract foreiirn bodies or to permit the passage of air
to the lungs. These difl'ercnt parts are divided trans-
versely or verticallv. according to circumstances.
BRONCHO-VESICULAR RESPIRATION,
see Respiration. , . „ ,
BRONCHUS, see Bronchia, Irachea.
BROOKLIME, Veronica bcccabunga.
BROOM, Sophora tinctoria, Spartium scnpa-
tium — b. Butcher's, Ruscus — b. Clover, Sophora
tinctoria — b. Indigo, Sophora tinctoria — b. Rape,
of Virginia, Orobanche Virginiana — b. Spanish,
Spartium junceum — b. Yellow, Sophora tinctoria.
BROSSARDIERE, MINERAL AVATERS
OF. Brossardiere is a chateau in Bas-Poitou,
France. The waters contain carbonates of iron
and lime, chloride of sodium, and sulphate of
lime. They are aperient.
BROSSE, Brush.
BROTH, CHICKEN, see Chicken Broth.
BliOTH, Vegetablk. Take two potatoen, a car-
rot, and an onion, all cut fine : boil in a quart of
water for an hour, adding more water from time
to time, so as to keep the original quantity : fla-
vour with salt, and a small quantity o\' potlmrbs ;
strain. A little mushroom catchup improves the
flavour.
BROTHER, UTERINE, see Uterine.
BROVILLA RD, Caligo.
BROUS'SALST. One who is a believer in, and
professor of, the physiological and pathological
opinions of Broussais. The system itself was
called BliOussA'isM, or the PhysioUxjical Doc-
trine.
BROW, Front — b. A^uo, Neuralgia frontalis.
BROWN RED, Colcothar.
BROWN'IAN, lirowno'ninn, Brnno'ninn. Re-
lating to the system or oninions of John Brown.
BROWNISM, Brn'nfniim, Bruno' ninnism.
The doctrines of Brown.
BROWNIST, Browno'ninn, Bruno'nian. A
follower of the svstcni of Brown.
BRU'CEA ANTI-DYSENTER'ICA. Called
after Bruce, the Abyssinian traveller. B. ferru-
i/in'ea, Anf/ustn'ra spu'ria, (F.) Pousse Angus-
tiire, A. Ferruf/iueuse. The systematic name of
the plant whence was obtained — it was supi>osed
— false An(justura or false Cnsparia Bark. It
is really the hark of Strychnos nux vomica.
BRliCIA, Brucine.
BRUCINE, Brn'cia, Bruci'nn, Bruci'mtm,
Bru'eiiim, Pseiirlanrpisturi'num, Canirami'niim,
Ciniira'mium, Vom'icine, Amjus'turine. An orga-
nic, salifiable base, discovered in the false angus-
tnra — Brucen anti-dysenter'ira, and obtained from
Strychnos nue vom'ica. It is of a pearly white;
crystallizes in oblique prisms with a parallelo-
grammatic base; is very bitter, slightly acrid
and styptic, and soluble in water, but more so ia
alcohol. Brucia is a less active poison than
strychnia. It resembles it, however, and may
be used as a substitute for it and for the extract
of nux vomica. Dose, half a grain.
BRUCKENAU, MINERAL WATERS OF.
These springs are in Bavaria, and contain car-
bonic acid and iron.
BRU COURT, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Brucourt is three leagues and a half from Caen,
in Normandy. The waters contain carbonic acid,
chloride of sodium, and sulphate of soda, much
sulphate of lime, &e.
BRUICK, Furunculus.
BRUISE, Contusion.
BRUISE-ROOT, Stylnphorum diphyllum.
BRUTSEWORT, Bellis saponaria.
BBUfSSE.UEXT (F.), Frem'itus. This word
has much the same signification as Bourdonnement,
as well as Bruit.
BRUIT (F.). 'sound.' A French term, applied
to various sounds heard on percussion and aus-
cultation, viz. :
BRVIT DE CRAQUEMENT, B.de Tiraille-
ntent. Bruit de cuir neuf, Cri de cuir, ' sound of
crackling, or bursting, or of new leather.' A
sound produced by the friction of the pericar-
dium, when dried and roughened by influmma-
tiuD.
BRUIT DU C(EUR FCETAL 14 4
BRUSH
BR UIT DU CCEUllfCETAL, Bnttemem dou-
bles, Double bruit (In Oieur ihi Ftetua. The pul-
sations of the foetal heart heard in auscultation
in the hitter half of utero-gestation.
BRUIT DE OUIR ^EUF, Bruit de craque-
ment.
BE UIT DE LIABLE, Ronflement du Diable,
Bruit de suuffie d double courant, ' noise of the
diable, or humming-top.' Veuoun hum. A high
degree of^ Bruit de soujffiet, heard on auscultating
the itrtcries or veins— probably the latter — of the
neck, in chlorosis. It denotes an impoverished
state of the blood.
BR UIT DOUBLE DU G(EUR BU FOETUS,
Bruit du Vtiur fatal — b. d'Ej-punsion pulino-
iiaire, see Murmur, respiratory — b.de FrSlement,
see Frolciuent — b. de Froinsement 2}>dnionaire,
see Froissemeut p\d,monnire — b. de Fruleinent
pericardiqiie, see Frolement pericardique.
BR UIT DEFR ITEM ENT ASCENDANT
ET DESCENDANT, 'sound of friction of ascent
and descent.' Sounds produced by the rubbing of
the lung against the parietes of the chest, as it
rises and falls during inspiration and expiration.
They are distinctly heard in pleuritis, when the
pleura has become roughened by the disease.
Friction sounds, Rubbing sounds, To-and-fro
Sounds are also heard in pericarditis and perito-
nitis.
BRUTT HUMORIQUE, B. Hydropneuma-
tique. The sound afforded on percussion when
organs are filled with li(iuid and air.
BRUIT HYDROPNEUMATIQUE, Bruit
humorique — b. de Jappement, see SiJ/iement mo-
dide — b. de Lime d bois, see Bruit de Scie.
BRUIT BE MOUCHE {¥.), 'fly sound.' A
sound analogous to the Bruit de diable — so called
from its likeness to the buzzing of a fly — heard
on auscultating the neck in chlorotic cases.
BRUIT MUSCULAIRE. The sound accom-
panying the first sound of the heart, referred by
some to muscular contraction. Called, also.
Bruit rotatoire, in consequence of its having
been thought to resemble the rumbling of dia-
tant wheels.
BRUIT MUSICAL, SIfflement module.
BRUIT DE PARCHEMIN, 'parchment
tone.' A sound as if produced by two sheets of
parchment applied to each other. It is said to
be produced by thickening and rigidity of the
valves of the heart.
BRUIT I) E PIAULEMENT, see Sifflcment
module.
BRUIT PLACENTAIRE, B. de souffle pla-
centaire ou uterin. Souffle nterin ou placeutaire,
Placental belloios' sound, Ufero-placen'tal mur-
mur, U'terine ninrntur. The bellows' sound heard
on auscultating over the site of the placenta in a
pregnant female. It does not appear to be ow-
ing to the placental vessels ; but to the uterine
tumour pressing upon the large vessels of the
mother.
BRUIT DE POT FELE, 'sound of a cracked
vessel.' Cracked ]3ot sound. A sound heard on
percussion, when a cavern in the lungs is filled
with air, and has a narrow outlet. It is not diag-
nostic, however.
BRUIT DE RACLEMENT, 'sound of scrap-
ing.' A sound produced by the scraping of hard,
solid membranes, as the pericardium, against each
other, very analogous to Bruit de crnquement.
BRUIT DE RAPE, 'sound of a rasp.' A
sound heard during the contraction of either the
auricles or ventricles. It is constant; and the
contraction of the cavity is more prolonged than
natural, and emits a hard, rough, and — as it were
- -stifled sound.
It indicates contraction of the valvular orifices
by cartilaginous deposits, or ossification, aiul is
better heard near the ape.x of the heart, if tlio
auriculo-ventricular valves be concerned,— neiir
the base, if the semilunar valves be the scut of the
disease.
BRUIT RESPIRATOIRE, Murmur, respi-
ratory.
BRUIT ROTATOIRE, Bruit viusculaire.
BRUIT DE SCIE, or 'saw sound,' and BiuiiT
DE LIME A BOIS, or ' file sound,' resemble the Bruit
de Rape. v
BRUIT DE SOUFFLE A DOUBLE COU-
RANT, Bruit de Diable.
BRUIT DE SOUFFLET, Bruit de Sonffl,;
'bellows' sound,' ' blowing sound.' A sound like
that of a bellows, heard occasionally by the ear
applied to the chest during the contraction of tlie
ventricles, auricles, or large arteries. It coexists
with affections of the heart, but is heard, also,
without any disease of that organ, — whencvei-,
indeed, an artery is compressed. An Enccpludic
belloics' sound, (F.) Bruit de souffle ccj'hdtiqnv,
has been described by Drs. Fisher and Wliitney.
It is heard on applying the ear to the occiput or
to the top of the head ; and is considered to indi-
cate turgescence of vessels, or inflammation.
When such turgescence exists, the vessels are
compressed, and the compression gives rise to
the sound in question. [?]
BRUIT DE SOUFFLE CEPHALIQIJE, see
Bruit de soufflet — b. de Souffle placentniri^,
Bruit placentaire — 6. de Souffle uterin, Bruit
placentaire — b. de Tiraillement, Bruit de craque-
ment.
BRUIT DE SOUP APE, 'valvular or flap-
ping noise.' A sound heard in respiration, when
a foreign body is in the air passages. It some-
what resembles the flapping of a valve; hence its
French name.
BRUIT DE TAFFETAS, 'sound of taf-
feta.' ' Sarcenet sound.' A respiratory sound,
so named, by M. (JrisoUe, from its resembling the
sound caused by the tearing of a piece of taffeta;
and which he considers to indicate hepatization of
the lung, limited to the surface, in pneumonia.
BRUIT TYMPANIQUE, ' tympanic sound.'
The clear sound afforded by percussing the sto-
mach and intestines when containing air.
BRUIT UTERIN, B. placentaire.
BRUITS DU CIEUR, see Heart.
BllUK, Furunculus.
BRULURE, Burn.
BRUNEI LE, Prunella.
BRUNNER'S GLANDS, Brunneri Glan'diiJce,
G. Brunncria'na seu sidila'ricB, Solitarii ijhinik
or follicles. Second pan'creas. Compound muci-
parous follicles, seated between the mucous and
muscular coats of the stomach, along the two
curvatures of that organ, and in the duodenum;
so called from their discovery having been gene-
rally attributed to Brunner. The solitary intes-
tinal follicles are often known, at the ])rcsent
day, as the glands of Brunner, although Brunner
restricted the latter term to the glands of tbo
duodenum.
BRUNONIAN, Brownian.
BRUNONIANISM, Brownism.
BRUNUS, Erysipelas.
BRUSCUS, Ruscus.
BRUSH, Scop'ula, (F.) Brosse. A well-known
instrument, used in medicine chiefly f(jr the fol-
lowing purposes : — 1. To clean the teeth. 2. To
remove the saw-dust which adheres to the teeth
of the trephine, during the operation of trephin-
ing. 3. To rub the surface of the body, lor the
purpose of exciting the skin, and favouring trans-
piration. ■\Vestring, a Swedish physician, has
BRUTA
14i
BUBONOREXIS
reoommpndod metallic brushes for the purpose
of conveying jjalvniiisin to a pnrt. These brushes
consist of a ()latc of ebony fitted to another of
gold, in which threads of the same metal are
fixed: — the brush being connected with one of
the poles of the galvanic pile.
Bnisii, Stomach, Excutia ventriculi.
BllU'l'A, .luniperus sabina.
BRU'TIA. A sort of thick pitch, obtained from
Brutiii, in Italy. From Pix Brutia was obtained
the O'I'-iiin f'ici'n^im.
BiitTiA, Instinct.
BRUTINO, Terebinthina.
JiRI'TOfjK. see Cerevisia.
BRUXANELLI. A Malabar tree, the bark
and leaves of which have a strong smell, and are
astringent. On the coast of Malabar, its juice,
mi.ved with butter, is applied to boils. Its bark
is esteemed to be diuretic, and its roots anti-
arthritic ^
BRUYERE VULGATRE, Erica vulgaris.
BliUYERES, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Bruycres is a small village, 7^ leagues from
Luneville. The waters are acidulous and chaly-
beate.
BRVCRTOS, see Algidns.
BRYCHETHMOS, Rugitus.
BRYCIIKTOS, see Algidus.
BRYdlMA, Brt/fiiniin, Trisis, Prist's, Prismus,
Odontnpri'niH, Stridor Deu'tiutii, (F.) Grincement
dea Dents. Grinding of the teeth. A common
symptom, in children, of gastric or other derange-
ment, but often present when there is no reason
to suspect any.
BRYONE, Bryonia — h. d'Amerique, Convol-
vulus Mechoacan.
BRYO'NIA AFRTCA'NA, African Brjf'oity,
from (ifivto, ' I bud forth.' A South African
plant, common amongst the Hottentots, which,
in the form of decoction, acts simultaneously as
an emetic, cathartic, and diuretic. It is used by
the natives in cutaneous diseases, dropsy, and
syphilis. The tincture is a powerful emetic and
cathartic. — Thunberg.
Brvo'nia Alba, White Bri/'ony, Vitia alhn
sylvcs'lris, Ar/ros'tis, Ai/riam'peloa, Am'pelos
a'gria, Erhetni'sis, Bryii'nia as'pera seu Di-
oi'cn, Cedrna'tis, Chelido'nium, Lnhrns'cn, Me-
lo'thrum, Ophrostnph'ylon, Psilo'thrnm. Ord.
Cucurhitacea?. Se.r. Sifst. Monoecia Monadelphia.
(P.) Coii/eitrree, Vifjiie vieri/e, V. blanche, Navet
du diahle ou galant. The root is large and suc-
culent, and has an acrid, bitter, and disagreeable
taste. It is a drastic cathartic. E.xternally, it
has been applied, in form of cataplasm, in gout.
When repeatedly washed, a good starch is ob-
tained from it. The active principle has been
separated from it, and called 7/;-y'o(n'»c.
Buyoxia Mr.c'iioACAXNA Nigricans, Convol-
vulus jalapa — b. Nigra, Tamus communis — b.
Peruviana, Convolvulus jnlapa.
BRYOXINE. see Bryonia alba.
BRYOXY, BLACK, Tamus communis — b.
White. Brvonia alba — b. Wild, Sycios angulatus.
' BRY'I'IA. i\[arc of grapes.
BRYTOLATURE, see Cerevisia.
BR YTOLE, see Cerevisia.
BRYTOX. Cerevisia.
BU, j3oii, abbreviation of /Jouf, 'an ox,' in com-
position expresses 'excess, greatness.' Hence
Bufinnis. BnphlhaJmia, <tc.
BUBASTECORDIUM, Artemisia vulgaris.
BUBE, Pustule.
BUBO, finvfiuiv, Pano'chia, Panna inguinn'ha,
Adenophi/'ina inffninn'Hs. Bnhonnpa'nns, Bubo-
linn'cns, ' Iluhnn'cns, Cmnbii'rn, Anijiis, Bonbon,
Codoce'le, Codnscel'hl, (F.) Bnbon, Poulnin. In
the works of Hippocrates and Galen, this word
10
sometimes signifies the groin — Tnfjuen ; at other?,
the inguinal glands ; and at others, again, swell-
ing or inflammation of these parts. The moderns
apply the term to an inflammatory tumour seated
in the groin or axilla, and they generally distin-
guish — 1. Simple or Si/inpathctic Bubo, which is
independent of any virus in the economy. 2.
Venereal liubo, {¥.) Biibon renerien, which is oc-
casioned by the venereal virus. 3. Pcstllentiul
Bubo, or B. symptomatic of the Plarjiie. The last
two have by some been called malignant Bubo,
(F.) Bubon malin.
Primary Bubo, (F.) Bubon primitif, shows it-
self with the first symptoms of syphilis: the eou-
eecntire not till afterwards.
BUnON, Bubo, Inguen — b. Gummiferum, see
Ammoniac gum.
BUBON D-EMBLEE {¥.). An enlargement
and suppuration of one or more of the inguinal
glands, not preceded by any other of the more
common forms of venereal disease, nor by any
other syphilitic symptom.
Bubon Gal'banum. The systematic name of a
plant which has been supposed to afford galba-
num; 3[<:lo'pion, 3I<tto'rium. The plant is ali-o
called Fer'ula A/rica'na, Oreoseli' num Africn'-
num, Ani'sutn frutico'sum galboni/'erntn seu Af-
riea'num frutee' cena, Seli'num Galbanum, Aijaayl'-
lis gal'banum, The long-leaved or lovage-leuved
Gal'banum. Ord. UmbelliferiB. The ]ilant can
scarcely, however, be considered to be determined.
By the Dublin College, it is referred to Opo'i'dia
Galbanif era, Ord. Umbelliferee. Galbanum is
the gumrai-resinous juice. Its odour is fetid, and
taste bitter and acrid : the agglutinated tears are
of a white colour, on a gr(mnd of reddish-brown.
It forms an emulsion when triturated with water,
and is soluble in proof spirits of wine, and vine-
gar: sp. gr. 1"212. It has been given as an anti-
spasmodic and expectorant, in pill or emulsion.
Dose, from gr. 10 to 60. Externally, it is applied
as a cataplasm.
Bubon galbanum is a South African plant; and
is reputed to be an excellent diuretic, under the
name of Wil<l Celery. A decoction of the leaves
is given in dropsy and gravel. According to
Pappe, the resinous matter, which exudes from
the stem, ditfers in appearance, smell, and iu
every respect, from Gumtni Galbanum.
Bubon Macedon'icum, Athamau'ta Jfacedon'-
ica, Petroacli' num Macedoii'irum, A'piuiii pefrcs'-
nm, Pctra'pSum, (F.) Persil de Jllacedoine, Mace-
do'nian Parsley. Its properties are similar to
those of common parsley, but weaker and less
grateful. The seeds are an ingredient in the
celebrated comriounds, Mithridato aud Theriac.
BUBONA. Nipple.
BUBONALGIA, from ;3ou/?wv, 'the groin,' and
aXyoi, 'pain.' Pain in the groin.
BUBONCUS, Bubo.
BUBO'NIUM,^l.'(^er^(;'<iV»», Golden Starwort.
A plant anciently supposed to be efficacious in
diseases of the groin, from jSovliiov, 'the groin.'
BUBONOCE'LE, hom jiovH'^'v, 'the groin,' and
<c;)Xt7, ' tumour,' ' rujiture.' ller'nia inguiita'Ho,
fn'guinal Hernia, Rupture of the Groin. (F.)
Hemic inguinale. Some surgeons have confined
this term to hernia when limited to the groin,
and have called the same afl"ection, when it has
descended to the scrotum, Osckeoce'le, Scrotal
Hernia. The rupture passes through the abdo-
minal ring: and, in consequence of the greater
size of the opening in the male, it is more fre-
quent in the male sex.
BUBONONCUS. Bubo.
BUBONOPAXUS, Bubo.
BUBONOREX'IS, from 0nvfi,ov, 'the groin,'
and pi^ti, 'a rupture.' A name given to bubono-
cele when accompanied with a division of the pe-
BUBONULUS
146
BULBOCODIUM
ritoTicum, or when, in other words, it is devoid
of a .-^ae.
BUBON'ULUS, n,ibuu'eiilt(8. A diminutive
of Bilbo. A painful swelling of the lymphatics
of the penis, extending along the dorsum of that
organ to the groin. It is an occasional accom-
paniment of gonorrhoea.
BUDUKLE. A word used by Shakspeare for
a red jiimple on the nose.
BUBUNCULUS, Bubonulus.
BUCAROS, Terra Portugallic.a.
BUCCA, Giiatkos. The mouth. The cheek
and hollow of the cheek. Also, the vulva.
BUCCAC'RATOX, from Biicca, and /cpau, 'I
nii.x.' A morsel of bread sopped in wine, which
served of old for a breakfast. — Linden.
BUCCAL, Biiccu'lis, from Bucca, 'the mouth,'
or rather ' the cheek.' That which concerns the
mouth, and especially the cheek.
BuL'CAL Artery, Artere Sns-majctllnire, (Ch.)
arises from the internal maxillary or from some
of its branches, as the Temporalis profunda an-
tica, or the Alveolar. It distributes its branches
to the buccinator muscle, and to the buccal mem-
brane.
Buccal Glaxds, Molar Glomh. Mucous fol-
licles, seated in the buccal merabnvno, opposite the
molar teeth. They secrete a viscid humour, which
mixes with the saliva, and lubricates the m(mth.
Buccal Membrane, (F.) Membrane Bnccale.
The mucous membrane, which lines the interior
of the mouth.
Buccal Nerve, Buccina'tor Nerve, Bnccola-
lidl — (Ch.), is given off by the inferior maxillary.
It sends its branches to the cheek, and especially
to the buccinator muscle.
Buccal Vein follows the artery.
BUC'CEA, Buccel'la. The fleshy excrescence
of nasal polypus, so called because it was believed
to proceed from the mouth. — Paracelsus. Also,
a mouthful.
BUCCELA'TON, Burcela'tnu. A loaf-shaped
cathartic medicine ; made chiefly of scammony.
— Aetius, Paulus of iEgina.
BUCCELLA, Bolus, Buccea.
BUCCELLA'TIO. A mode of arresting hemor-
rhage, by applying a pledget of lint to the bleed-
ing vessel. — Avicenna, Fallopius.
BUCCINA, Turbinated bones.
BUCCINA'TOR, from bnccinare, 'to sound
the trumpet.' The Buccina'tor Jftiscle, Retrac'-
tor An'cjnli Oris, Biieco-Alveolo-maxiUaire, Alve-
olo-hibial — -(Ch.), Manao'riuit, is situate in the
substance of the cheeks. It extends between the
posterior portions of the alveolar arches of the
two jaws and the commissure of the lips, which
it draws backward. It assists in mastication, by
pushing the food back towards the teeth ; and,
if the cheeks be distended by air, its contrac-
tion forces it out.
BUCCO. One who is blub-cheeked, or wide-
mouthed. In composition, the mouth.
BUCCO-AL YEOLO-MAXILLAIRE, Bucci-
ua tor.
BUCCO-LABIAL NERVE, Buccal nerve.
BUCCO PHARYNOE'AL, Bnceo-Phari/nr/e'-
tis, (F.) Biicco-Pharynyien. Belonging to the
mouth and pharynx. The Biuro-phartpKje'al
Aponeiiro'sis or Intermax'illari/ Lii/'ameiif, ex-
tends from the internal ala of the pterygoid pro-
cess to the posterior part of the lower alveolar
arch, and affords attachment, anteriorly, to the
buccinator, and, posteriorly, to the constrictor
pharyngis superior.
BUC'CULA, from Bnrca, 'the mouth.' A
small mouth. The fleshy part beneath the chin.
— Bnrtholinc.
BUG ERAS, Trigonella fcenum — b. Foenum
Graecum, Trigonella foenum Gra;cum.
BUCnU, Diosraa crenata— b. Leave.', Diosma
crenata.
BUCKBEAN, Menyanthes trifoliata— b. Ame-
riean, Menvantlies verna.
BUCKBERRY. Vaccinium stamineum.
BUCKET FEVER, Dengue.
BUCKEYE. .lEsculus hippocastanum.
BUCKHO, Diosma crenata.
BUCKTHORN, PURGING, Rhauinus.
BUCKU, Diosma crenata.
BUCKWHEAT, Polygonum fagopyrum — b.
Plant, eastern. Polygonum divaricatum.
BUCNEMIA, see Elephantiasis — b. Tropica,
see Elejihantiasis.
BUCTON, Hymen.
BUFF, INFLAMMATORY, Corium phlogig-
ticum.
BUFFY COAT, Corium phlogisticum.
BUG, (BED,) Cimex.
BUGANTIA, Chilblain.
BUG'GERY, Sod'omy. Sodom'ia, Co'itua So.
doniit'iciis, (I.) Bnt/arone. Said to havj been
introduced by the Bulgarians: hence the name.
A carnal copulation against nature, as of a man
or woman with any animal ; or of a iniin witli a
man, or a man unnaturally with a woman. The
unnatural crime.
BUGLE, Prunella — b. Common, Ajuga rop-
tans — b. J'l/ramidale, Ajuga — b. Banipantc, Aju-
ga reptans — b. Water, Lycopus Virginicus — b.
Weed, Lycopus.
BUOLOSE, Anchnsa ofiieinalis.
BUGLOSS, DYER'S, Anchusa tinctoria — b.
Garden, Anchusa officinalis — b. Upright, Ajuga.
BUGLOSSA, Anchusa officinalis.
BUGLOSSUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM MA.TUS,
Anchusa officinalis — b. Latifolium, Borage otiici-
nalis — b. Sativum, Anchusa officinalis — b. Sjl-
vestris, Anchusa officinalis — b. Tinctoruin, An-
chusa tinctoria — b. Verum, Boracic acid — b.
Vulgare majus, Anchusa officinalis.
BUGRANDE EPINEUSE, Ononis spino?a.
BUGRANE, Ononis spinosa — b. dcs Champs,
Ononis arvenis.
BUGULA, Ajuga — b. Chamajpitys, Teucriura
ehamajpitj's — b. Pyramidalis, Ajuga — b. llcp-
tans, Ajuga reptans.
RU/'S, Buxus.
BUISARD, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bui-
sard is two leagues from Chateau-Thierry, in
France. The water contains chloride of calcium
and carbonate of lime.
BULB, Biilbiis, (F.) Bulbe. A name, given
by anatomists to different parts which resemble,
in shape, certain bulbous roots. The Bulb of ihe
Aorta is the great sinus of the Aorta. Bulb of n
Tooth ; the vascular and nervous papilla con-
tained in the cavity of a tooth. The liidb or
Root of the Hair is the part whence the hiiir
originates. The Bulb of the Urethra is the
dilated portion formed by the commencement
of the Corpns sponijiosum towards the root nf
the penis. We say, also, Bulb, for Globe, of the
eye.
Bulb of the Eye, see Eye — b. of the Female,
Bulbus vestibuli — b. Rachidian, see Modullif
oblonarata.
BULBE, Bulb — 6. Rachidien, see Mcdnll.i
oblongata — 6. du Var/in, Bulbus vestibuli — b. ('«
la Voiite (t trois Pilicru, Mamillary tuliercles.
BULBI FORNICIS, Mamillary tubercles-b.
Prioriim Crurum Fornicis, Mamillary tubercles.
BULBOCASTANEUM, Buuium bulbocas-
tanum.
BULBO-CA VERNEUX, Accelerator urinsc.
BULBO-CAVERNOSUS, Accelerator urinae-
b. Syiidesmo-cavernenx, Accelerator urmx — ^-
Urethral, Accelerator urinae.
Il BULBOCODIUM, Narcissus pseudonarcissus.
BULBONACH
147
BURNT HOLES
BULBONACH, Lunaria rcdiviva.
BULBUS, Bulb.
Bi'Lniis Esculen-'tus. The Eu'cnhnf. Bulb :
a particular kind, so denominated by the an-
cients. It is supposed to have been the Cejm
Aicdlon'lca. — Dioscorides, Celsus, Pliny, Ac.
BiiLBUs Gl.vnditlosus, Proventrieulus — b.
Medulla; spinalis, Medulla oblongata — b. Oculi,
tee Kye — b. Ollactorius, see Olfactory Nerves —
b. Pili, see Hair — b. Kachidicus, see Medulla ob-
longata — b. Vaginae, 15. vestibuli.
BtlLBUS Vestid'ulI, li. Vntji'na;, Plextto reti-
form' iH seu reticiila'ris seu caveruo'siiK, Onira
clitor'idis iiitcr'na, Bulb or Semi-bulb of the Fe-
male, (F.) Bnihe clu Varji'n. A close-packed
plexus of intricately anastomosing veins, inclosed
in a fibrous investment, — being an immediate
continuation and extension of the jxirs intermedin,
and occupying the space between the beginning
or vestibule of the vagina and the rami of the
pubie arch on each side. It is regarded by
Lauth, Taylor, Morgagni and Kobelt as the ana-
logue of the male bulb.
BiiLBUS Vomito'rius. a plant, said by Dios-
corides to be emetic and diuretic. It is the
Munk-ijrape flower, according to Bay, — the Hya-
ciuthun MiiHcafi.
BULKSIS, Voluntas.
BUL(;A, Vulva.
BULIMIA. Boulimia.
BU'LITIIOS, from /3ouf, 'an ox,' and Xi5of,
'a stone.' A bczoar or stone, found in the kid-
neys, gall-bladder, or urinary bladder of an ox
or cow.
BULLA, (F.) Bulle. A Bleb, (Sc.) Bleib. A
jiortion of the cuticle, detached from the skin by
the interposition of a transparent, watery fluid.
It forms jhe 4th order in Willan's and Batcman's
arriingement of cutaneous diseases, and includes
eiysipelas, pemphigus, and pompholyx. By
some, Bulla has boon used synonymously with
J'ei<ijihi<iiiK. See, also. Hydatid.
BULLACE PLUM, Prunus in Sitia.
BULL/B ROTUND^E CEllVICIS UTERL
Nabothi glandulaa.
BULLDOG, Tabanus.
BULL-FISTS, Lycoperdon.
BULLOUS, BuUo'su^, (F.) BuUeux. Having
relation to a bulla or bleb, as a 'bullnui eruption.'
Pemphigus has been designated Jlnlndie bul-
huse, and Ficvre buUeuse, when accompanied by
fever.
BULLSEGO, Typha latifolia.
BUMBLKKITES, see Rubus fruticosus.
BUMELLIA. Fraxinus excelsior.
BUM-GUT, Rectum.
BUNA. Coffca Arabica.
BUNCOMBE, WARM AND HOT SPRINGS
OF. See North Carolina, Mineral Waters of.
BUNDURH. Corylus avellana.
BUNEWANl), Ileracleum spondylium.
BUNIAS, Brassica napus.
BUNIOID, Napiform.
BUNION, Bunvon.
BUNI'TES VINUM. A wine, made by in-
fusing the Bunium in must. It is stomachic, but
scarcely ever used.
BUNIUM CARVI, Carum.
Bii'NirM Bui.BocAs'TANUsr, Qovviov, so called,
it has been supposed, from growing on hills, from
(invvoi. 'a hill,' or from the tuberosity of its root.
Ji. mluuH, liiilnuiicoH'tanum, Slum hulbncnKtiinnm,
Scande.r butlioi-Kil'iiium, Carum bulbncavtaiium.
Order, UrabellilVriv. The systematic name of a
plant, whose root is called Pi<j-uut, Aijriocas'tn-
vuiii. Xu'euln terrcn'trin, Bulbocas'tanum majus et
hiiiiiw. Earth-nut, Ihnrk-nut, Kipper-nut, (Sc.)
Ariiut, (F.) Terre-noi.r. The root is tuberous,
and is eaten raw or roasted. It has been sup-
posed to be of use in strangury. It is not em-
ployed in medicine.
BUNNIAN, Bunyon.
BUNWEED, Senecio Jacobaca.
BUN'YON, Bun'ion, Bun'uian, from Pavvoc,
'an eminence.' [?] An enlargement and in-
flammation of the bursa mucosa at the inside of
the ball of the great toe.
BUOPHTHALMIA, Buphthalmia.
BUPEINA, Boulimia.
BUPHTIIALMI IIERBA, Anthemis tinetoria.
BUPHTHAL'MIA, Buojihthal'min, BuphthnV-
mos, Elcphantom'ma, from iiovi, 'an ox,' and ui^-
5aX^as, 'an eye.' Ojc-ei/e. Under this name,
the generality of authors have designated the
first stage of hydrophthalmia. Others, with Sa-
batier, mean by it, turgescence of the vitreous
humour, which, by pushing the iris forwards,
forms around the crystalline a sort of border.
BUPHTHALMUM CRETICUM, Anthemis
Pyrethrum — b. Majus, Chrysanthemum leucan-
themum.
BUPIITHALMUS, Hydrophthalmia, Semper-
vivum tectorum.
BUPINA, Boulimia.
BUPLEUROIDES, Bupleurum rotundifolium.
BUPLEU'RUM ROTUNDIFO'LIUM, Bu-
pleu'ron, Bupleuro'i'deK, from (iov, augmentative,
and nXcvpov, 'side,' (F.) Buplevre, Fercefeuille,
Round-leaved flare's Ear, Thoroirwaar. Order,
Umbellifera3. The herb and seeds are slightly
aromatic. It was foroierly celebrated for curing
ruptures, being made into a cataplasm with wine
and oatmeal.
BUPLEVRE, Bupleurum rotundifolium.
BURAC. Borax. Also, any kind of salt.
(Arabic.)
BURBOT, see Oleum Jeeoris Aselli.
BURDOCK, Arctium lappa — b. Lesser, Xan-
thium — b. Prairie. Silphium terebinthaceum.
BURIAL ALIVE, Zoothapsis.
BURIS, Hernia, accompanied by scirrhous
tumefaction ; or, perhaps, a scirrhous tumour
only. — Avicenna.
BURN. Sax. bepnan or byrnan, 'to burn or
bren.' Un'tio, Anibus'tia, Adus'tio, Treiis Cauais,
Erythe'mn Ambuf'tio, C'luxis, Eneau'xiii, Pyri-
cnus'tum, Uoinbustu'ra, C«tac((u'iii(i, Combits'ttn,
(F.) Brulure. An injury produced by the action
of too great heat on the body. Burns are of
greater or less extent, from the simple irritation
of the integument to the complete destruction of
the part. The consequences are more or less
severe, according to the extent of injury, and the
part affected. Burns of the abdomen, when ap-
parently doing well, are sometimes followed by
fatal results. Their treatment varies, — at times,
the antiphlogistic being required; at others, one
more stimulating.
BURNEA. see Pinus Svlvestris.
BURNET, CANADA, Sanguisorba Cana-
densis.
BURNETT'S DISINFECTING LIQUID or
FLUID. A solution of chloride of zinc, first
used by Sir AVilliam Burnett for preserving tim-
ber, canvass, Ac, from dry rot, mildew, kc, and
afterwards as an antibromic and antiseptic, espe-
cially in the case of dead bodies. The Dublin
Pliarmacoptcia has a Zinci Chlu'ridi Liquor, So-
lu'tion of Chloride of Zinc, which is not near so
strong as Sir William's preparation.
BURNING, Brenniny. A disease mentioned
by old historians, from which authors li;!ve 'in-
succossfully endeavoured to demonstrate the an-
tiquity of syphilis. — Parr.
BURNING OF THE FEET, see Feet, burn-
ing of the.
BURNT HOLES. A variety of rupia. pojm-
larlv known in Ireland under this name ; and not
BURR
148
BUXUS
nnfreqnont there amongst the ill-fed children of
the poor. See Rupia cscharotica.
BUllH, Rotacisimis.
BURRA(JE, Borago officinalis.
BUR-REED, GREAT, Sparganium ramosum.
EURRH, Rotacisimis.
BURRIII SPIR'ITUS MATRICA'LIS. The
Spirit of /hirrhiis far diaeanes of the Womb. It
is prepared by digestina;, in alcohol, equal parts
of myrrh, olibaniun, and mastic. Boerhaave fre-
quently prescribed it.
BURSA CORDIS, Pericardium— b. Omentalis,
see Epiploon, gastro-hepatic^b. Pnstoris, Thlaspi
bursa — b. Testiuin, Scrotum — b. Virilis, Scrotum.
BURS^E MUCILAGINOS^E, B. mucosae.
BURS/E MUCO'S^, li. mneo'scB vesiciifa'rea,
Biirum seu Cnp'snlai nynovia'lefi, Blennoeijs'tidcs,
Sncci muco'si, Veni'cai iDiguino'scB ten'diniuii,
Vagl'ncB S;/noi}ia''es seu mncilrifjiiio'ficB, Si/nn'vi<(l
Crypts or Foil' ides, (F.) Bourses Si/novinles ou
■muqueiises ou miicilagineuses. Small inembranous
sacs, (from jSvftaa, 'a bag, a purse,') situate about
the joints, particularly about the large ones of
the upper and lower extremities, and, for the
most part, lying under the tenihjns. They are
naturally filled with an oily kind of fluid, the use
of which is to lubricate surfaces over which the
tendons play. In consequence of bruises or
sprains, this fluid sometimes collects to a great
extent. The bursse are, generally, either of a
roundish or oval form, and they have been ar-
ranged under two classes, the spherical and the
va</inal,
BuRs.E Synoviales, Bursas mucosae.
BURSAL, Bitrsa'lis. Relating or appertain-
ing to bursae, — as a 'bursal tumour.'
BURSALIS, Obturator internus.
BURSERA ACUMINATA, B. gummifera.
Burse'ra Gummip'era, B. acuminn'ta, Tere-
binth' us (/iimmif'era, Jamaica Bark Tree. Or-
der, Terebinthaceae. A resin exudes from this
tree, which, as met with in the shops, is solid
externally ; softish internally ; of a vitreous frac-
ture ; transparent; of a pale yellow colour ; tur-
pentine smell, and sweet, perfumed taste. It has
been used like balsams and turpentines in gene-
ral, and is called, by the French, Cachibou, Ohi-
boH. and Jiesine de Gomart.
BURSTTIS, see Synovitis.
BURST, Hernia, llernial.
BURSTER, see Hernial.
BURSULA, Scrotum.
BURTHISTLB, Xanthium.
BURTREE, Sambucus.
EURUNHEM, Monesia.
BURWEED, Xanthium.
BURWORT, Ranunculus acris.
BUSH, JEW, Pedilanthus tithymaloides.
BUSSAxNG, MINERAL WATERS OP. Bus-
sang is a village in the department of Vosges,
France. The waters are acidulous chalybeates.
BUSSEROLLE, Arbutus uva ursi,
BUS'SII SPIR'ITUS BEZOAR'TICUS, Be-
zoar'die Spirit of Bussius. A preparation, re-
garded as sudorific, diuretic, and antispasmodic ;
obtained by distilling suhcarbonate and muriate
of ammonia, amber, oil of cedar or juniper, ifec.
BUTE, ISLAND OF, CLIMATE OF. This
island is in the Frith of Clyde, about 18 miles
below Greenock. The climate is mild and equa-
ble, but rather moist; and, as a winter residence
it holds out advantages for those only that ap-
pear to demand such a condition of the atmo-
sphere. The climate resembles, in character,
that of the S. W. of England and France, and
the Channel islands; although its temperature is
lower.
BU'TEA FRO^TDO'SA, Erythri'na monosper'-
ma, Bndolph'ia frondo'aa, see Kino. A tree,
common in Bengal, and in the mountainous parts
of India; Nat. Ord. Leguminosaa ; from which
yum hutea flows. Dr. Pereira found this gum to
be identical with a s[)0ciinen marked yiinnni ru-
brum astriiic/ens — the </om»ie ostritujeiite de Gain-
bie of M. Guibourt. By some, this gum has been
confounded with kino.
BUTIGO, Gutta rosea.
BUTOMON, Iris pseudacorus.
BUTTER, from fiovrvpov; itself from j3ou{, 'ox,'
and rupos, 'any thing coagulated.' Bitty' rum,
I'ice'rioii, (F.) Benrre. A sort of concrete oil,
obtained from the cream that forms on the sur-
face of the milk furnished by the females of the
mammalia, especially by the cow and the goat.
Fresh butter is very nutritious, whilst the ranciil
is irritating. The ancient chemists gave the
name Butter to many of the metallic chlorides.
It has also been applied to vegetable substances,
which resemble, in some respects, the butter ob-
tained from milk. The essential fatty matter in
it is bu'tyrin or bn'tyrnte of glyc"eriii.
Butter of Antimony, Antimonium muriatum.
Butter of Bamrouc or Bamboo, (F.) Benrre
de Bambouc ou Bnmbuk. A vegetable oil ob-
tained from a species of almond, and used in
Senegal in neuralgic and rheumatismal pains.
Butter op Ca'cao, Oil of Ca'cno, Oleum Ca-
cao spissa'tnni, 0. Theobro'nicB Cacao expres'siim,
(P.) Beiirre de Cacao, Huile de Cacao. A fat
substance, of a sweet and agreeable taste, ob-
tained from the Theobroma cacao or chocolate
nut. Owing to its firmness and fusibility, it is
well adapted to serve as the constituent of sup-
positories.
Butter of Cocoa, (F.) Buerre de Coco. A
fatty, concrete substance, which separates from
the milk of the cocoa nut. It is sweet and
agreeable.
Butter and Egos, Narcissus pseudonarcissus
— b. Kokuin, see (Jarcinia purpurea — b. of Nut-
megs, see Myristica.
IJUTTERBUR, Tussilago petasites.
BUTTERCUPS, Ranunculus acris, and R.
bulbosus.
BUTTERFLY-WEED, Aselepias tuherosa.
BUTTERMILK, (Prov.) Churn-milk, Kern-
milk. Whir/, (Sc.) Bladoch, Dledoch, Bladda, Kin-
milk, Sourinilk, (F.) Babenrre, Lait de Benrre.
The thin, sour milk, separated from the cream by
churning. It contains caseuin and a little butter.
It is a refreshing drink when newly made.
BUTTERTEETII, Incisive teeth.
BUTTER WEED, Erigeron Canadense.
BUTTERWORT, Pinguicola vul-'aris.
BUTTOCK-HUMP, Steatopy<ra.
BUTTONBUSII, Cephalanthus oecidcntaiis.
BUTTONWOOD SHRUB, Cephalanthus occi-
dentalis.
BUTUA, Pareira brava.
BUTYRATE OF GLYCERIN, see Butter.
BUTYRIN, see Butter.
BUTYRUM, Butter— b. Amygdalarum dul-
ciuin, Confection (almond)— b. Batumi, Unguen-
tum plumbi superacetatis — b. Zinci, Zinci chlo-
ridum.
BUVEUR, Rectus internus oculi.
BUXTON, MINERAL WATERS OF, Bu:r.
tonien'ses AqucB. Buxton is a village in Derby-
shire. The springs are thermal, and about 82°
Fahrenheit. They contain sulphate of soda,
chloride of calcium, chloride of sodium, chlorid.?
of magnesium, carbonate of lime, carbonic acid,
and azote. They are used in cases in which
thermal springs, in general, are reconimendeJ.
■'■^..^■y.;;,';"';"" ''"le or no mineral impregnation,
/r- . ^r ' ^"■*"* »f'"/>«'-«''i''-eH«. The no.r-tree.
(i.J Buis ou Bonis. The leaves arc bitter and
BYNE
149
CACHECTIC
aromatic, and, as such, have heen used in medi-
cine, in cases of worms, dyspepsia. &c., in the
form of decoction. They are souictiines, also,
added to beer. The seed was anciently called
Cxiltlie'i/ou.
BY.\K, Malt.
BY'UKTlllUTM. A sort of cap or Couvrechef,
filled with cephalic substances. — Forestus.
BYKON AOrO or SOUR SPRINGS. These
Springs are in the town of Byron, Genesee coun-
ty, New York. The water is a nearly pure dilute
sulphuric acid. They are powerfully astringent
and tonic.
BYRSA, (ivpaa. A leather skin to spread
plasters upon.
BYRSODEP'SrCON. A tan stuff, with which
C.ELius -iEuRELiANus Sprinkled wool, which he
applied in certain cases to the umbilical region ;
from 0vp<Tii. ' leather,' and Scxj-eu, ' I tan.'
BYRSODEPSrCUM PRIXCIPIUM, Tannin.
BYSAU'CIIEN, from /3uu, 'I stop up,' and
""X'^"' ' '^^ neck.' A morbid stiffness of the
neck. One with a short neck, — Simotrache'lus.
BYSSOS, Vulva.
BY'SSUS, Bijsanm. The ancients gave this
name to several vegetable substances, which were
used for the fiibrication of stuffs prized for their
fineness, colour, and rarity of material. It is
now chiefly applied to the filaments, by the aid
of which the acephalous mollusca attach their
shells to the rocks. Byssus was formerly !.Uj
applied to the female pudendum.
BYTHOS, j3u5oj, ' depth.' An epithet used by
Hippocrates for the fundus of the stomach.
c.
C. This letter in the chemical alphabet sig-
nifies nitre. It is also sometimes used in pre-
scriptions for cal.K.
CAA-AP'IA, Dorate'nia Brazilien'sis seu cor-
'lifo'lia seu place nto'i'des seu vitel'la. Order,
Urticeaj. The root, according to Piso, is employed
as emetic and anti-diarrho;ic.
CAA-ATAY'A. A plant of Brazil, supposed
(o be a species of gratiola. It is very bitter,
and considered to be one of the best indigenous
cathartics.
CAACICA, Euphorbia capitata.
CAA-GHIYU'YO, Frutex hac'cifer BraziUcn'-
nin. A shrub of Brazil, whose leaves, in powder,
are considered detersive.
CAAOPIA, Hypericum bacciferum.
CAAPEBA, Pareira brava, Pothomorpha pel-
tata and P. umbellata.
CAAPONGA, Crithmum maritimum.
CAAROBA. A Brazilian tree, whose leaves,
in decoction, promote perspiration. See Cera-
tonia.
CABAL. Cah'ida, Cttbal'la, Cal'bala, Caba'lta,
Kdb'nla, Gubnlln. This word is from the He-
brew, and signifies knowledge transmitted by
tradition. Paracelsus and several authors of the
Ifith and 17th centuries have spoken much of
this species of magic, which they distinguished in-
to Jiidit'lc or tlic<>l(/i/iau, and Hermet' ic or medi'c"-
iiud; the latter being, according to them, the
art of knowing the most occult properties of
bodies by an immediate communication with
spirits, — the knowledge being thus acquired by
inspiration, and incapable of inducing error. It
was also called Ara cubalia'tica seu sif/?ia'ta, 'ca-
balistic art.'
CAB.VI/IIAU. A plant of Mexico, according
to Dalcchamps, which passes for an antidote to
white hellebore, and yet is used for poisoning
arrows. It is unknown to botanists.
CAB'ALIST, Cabalia'la. One instructed in
the Cabal.
CAliALLATION, Cynoglossum.
CABARET, Asarum.
CABBAGE, Brassica — e. Cow, Nymphaea odo-
rata — c. Irish, Dracontium foetidum — c. Skunk,
Bracontium ftctidum — c. Swamp, Dracontium
fatidum — c. Water, Nymphiva odorata — c. Tree,
Geoffra>ainermis — c. Bark tree, Geofl"raBainermis.
CABBAGIUM, Geoffnea inermis.
CABOTZ, Hagenia Abyssinica.
CABUKEIBA, see Myroxylon Peruiferum.
CABUREICIBA, see Myroxylon Peruiferum.
CACjE'MIA, Cachrn'mia, from KaKOi, 'bad,'
and 'aijia, 'blood.' A faulty or morbid condition
of the blood.
CACyESTHE'SIS, Co.cacBSihe'aia, OacoiBathe'-
aia, from (coKOf, 'bad,' and aiaOnais, 'feeling.'
Morbid sensation. Morbid general feeling. In-
disposition.
CACAFERRI, Ferri subcarbonas.
CAC'AGOGUE, Cacago'rjua, Cac'cagogue, Cnc-
cacjo'yiis, from kukkti, 'excrement,' and uyciv, 'to
e.xpel.' An ointment, composed of alum and
honey; which, when applied to the anus, pro-
duced an evacuation. — Paulus of iEgina.
CACALEXITERIA, Alexiteria.
CACA'LIA ANTEUPnOR'BIUM, Auten-
phor'bium. Ord. Com))osita?. A plant, which
Dodoens and others considered to be capable of
tempering the caustic properties of euphorbium.
It is also called Klein'ia.
Many varieties of the Cacalia are used, in dif-
ferent countries, chiefly as condiments.
CA'CAO, Ca'coa, Cncii'vi, QunhoU, Cacova'ta.
The cocoa or chocolate nut ; fruit of TheoLvo' ma
Cacao, Co'coa Cacavif'era, Ca'cao tithior seu
sati'va, Cacao iheobro'ma, (F.) Cacaoyer ou Ca-
caotier ordinaire. Family, Malvaceae. Sex.
Si/st. Polydelphia Pentandria.
CACAOTIKR ORVTNAIRE,se<i Cacao.
CACAO YE R ORDINAIRE, see Cacao.
CACATIOX. Defecation.
CACATORIA, Diarrhoea.
CAC'ATORY', Cacato'rius, from cacare, 'to go
to stool.' Febria cacato'ria ; a kind of intermit-
tent fever, accompanied by copious alvine evacua-
tions. — Svlvius.
CACAVATA, Cacao.
CACAVI. Cacao, Jatropha manihot.
CACCAGOGUE, Cacagogue.
CACCE, Excrement.
CACCIOX'DE. A sort of pill, chiefly formed
of catechu, recommended by Baglivi in dvsentery.
CACEPIIEBOTE'SIA, from KaKog, 'bad,' and
cif/ciioTrig, ' puberty.' Morbid puberty. Disease
occurring at the period of puberty.
CACHALOT, see Cetaceum.
CACHAXG-PARAXG. A sort of bean of Su-
matra, mentioned by Marsden, whose seeds are
given in pleurisy. Jussieu considered it to be the
Jlimo'aa acandena.
CACHECTIC, Cachec'tes, CacJiec'ticua, (F.)
Cachectique, same etymon as Cachexia. One utr-
CACIIELCOMA
150
CACOSIS
tacked with cachexia. Belonging to cachexia.
Cuchec'tica remtd'ia are remedies agaiust ca-
chexia.
CACHELCOAIA, Helcocace.
CACIIKN'-L.\GUEN, Chironia Chilensis.
CACHET (¥.), 'a sedL' A utamp or medicine
stamp, used by the ancient Romans for niarlting
their drugs, e^^pecially those prescribed in dis-
eases of the eyes ; and hence called, by some,
oculint stnmpf!. Some of tliose more lately dis-
covered amongst Roman antiquities, have been
descrilied by MM. Sichel and Duchalais, and by
Prof. Simp.-ion, of Edinburgh.
CACUEX'IA, from Kuxoi, 'bad,' and 'cfif,
' habit.' iStntus cachec'ticim, Cacli'exij, Dysthe'nin,
(F.) Gnchexie. A condition in which the body
is evidently dejjraved. A bad habit of body,
chiefly the result of scorbutic, cancerous, or ve-
nereal diseases when in their lait stage. Hence
we hear of a Scorbutic Cnchexia, Cunceroiis Ca-
chexia, &o. Sauvages and Cullen have included
under this head a number of diseases — consump-
tions, dropsies, Ac. Cnchexia has been some-
times confounded with diathesis. Cachexia 7c-
tev'ica is jaundice or icterus itself, or a disposition
thereto. Fluor albus is sometimes called Ca-
chexia Uteri' I) a.
Cachkxi.v Africaxa, Chthonophagia — c. Cal-
cnlosa, Lithia — c. Cancerous, see Cancer — c.
Chlorotic, Chlorosis — c. Dysthetica, Dyscrasia.
Cachexia, (Jaol. The deteriorated organic
actions induced by confinement in prisons, which
is so often the precursor of scrofula.
Cachexia Ictkrica, Icterus.
Caciibxia LoxniNEN'sis. The paleness and
other evidences of impaired health presented by
the inhabitants of London. A similar cachexia is
seen in those of other crowded cities.
Cachexia, Lymphatica Farciminosa, see
Equinia.
Cachexia, Marsh, (F.) Cachexie jinludSenne,
ou p(dii'itre. The state of cachexy observed in
malarious districts.
Cachexia, Saturnixa, Saturnismus — c. Scor-
butic, see Purpura — c. Scrophulosa, Scrofula.
Cachexia Sple'.^ica. The state of scorbutic
cachexia, which often accompanies diseases, es-
pecially enlargement of the spleen, Splenal' <jia
JJe»f/ftleii'«in, in India.
Cachexia Vexerea, Syphilis — c. Venous, Ve-
nosity — c. Virginum, Chlorosis.
CACHEXIE, Cachexia — e. lodee, se« Iodine
— c. Paliide.enne, Cachexia, marsh — c. Palustre,
Cachexia, marsh.
CACHEXY. Cachexia.
GACHIIIOU. see Biirsera gummifera.
CACHINM^AGUA, Chironia chilensis.
CACHINNA'TIO, from caehinno, 'I laugh
aloud.' A ten'lency to immoderate laughter, as
in some hysterical and maniacal affections.
CACHIRI. a fermented liquor made, in Cay-
enne, from a decoction of the rasped root of the
manioc. It resembles perry.
CACHLEX. A small stone or pebble, found
on the sea shore. One of these, when heated in
the fire, and cooled in whey, communicates an
astringency to the liquid, so that it was anciently
esteemed to be useful in dysentery. — ftalen.
CACHOS. An oriental fruit, apparently of a
Solnnum, which is esteemed lithontriptic.
CACHOU, Ciitechu.
CACHRYS LIBAXO'TTS. An umbelliferous
plant which grows in Africa and the south of
Europe. It is aromatic and astringent. Its seeds
are extremely acrid.
Caciirvs Marithia, Crithmum maritimum.
CACIIUN'DE. An Indian troeh or pastils
composed of amber, mastic, musk, cinnnm-on,
aloes, rhubarb, galanga, pearls, rubies, emeralds,
garnets, Ac. It is regarded by the people of In-
dia as an antiiloto, stomachic and antispasmodic.
CACO, KUKo, propQrly only an abbreviiition of
KUKos. In composition it means something de-
fective: as in the following words:
CACO/ESTIIESTS, Ciicajsthesis.
CACO-ALEXITERIA, Alcxipharmie.
CACOCIIOL'IA, from KaKog, 'bad,' and X"'^'!)
'bile.' Diseases induced by a depraved conditiim
of the bile.
CAC'OCHROI, Cac'ochri, from kuko^, 'had,'
nnil xpoi, 'colour.' Diseases in which the com-
plexion is morliidly changed in colour.
CACOCIIYL'IA, from kokos, 'bad,' and yuAo;,
'chyle.' Depraved chylification.
CACOCHYM'IA, Kakochjjm'ia, Cornip'tio
Hiimo'runi, from kukos, 'bad,' and %u/iof, 'juicii,'
'humour.' Cacoch'ymy. Depravation of tbo
humours.
Cacochymia Plumbea, Lead poisoning — c.
Scorbutica, see Purpura — c. Scrophulosa, Scni-
fula — c. Venerea, Syphilis.
CACOCII'YMUS, 'Cacuchijm' icis. One attacked
with cacochymia. Belonging to cacochymia.
CACOCNE'MUS, Cac,>c»e'micn>,, J/,'di8 suni
pradi'tus; from KiiKog, 'bad,' and Kvrji^t, 'tlie
leg.' One who has bad legs.
CACOCORE'MA, from KaKoi, 'bad,' and mofw,
' I purge, or cleanse.' A medicine which purges
off the vitiated humours.
CACODyE'MON, from kuko;, 'bad,' and iJoi/iuv,
'a spirit.' An evil spirit, to which were ascribed
many disorders. The nightmare.
CACO'DES, from Kaifog, 'bad,' and o^eiv, 'to
smell'— )?ioZ^ olena. Having a bad smell; Uacu'-
dia, Ctteos'mia.
CACODIA, see Cacodes.
GAC0KTll''ES,Cacoeth'icn8, (Y.) CacoMeJrnm
KOKOi, 'bad,' and tSof, 'disposition, habit,' &c.
Of a bad or vitiated character, as nlcua eacoeth'es,
an ulcer of a malignant character.
CACOETHICUS. Cacoethe-s.
CACOGALAC'TIA, Cacoc,a'lia, from Kam,
'bad,' and y'>-^'^> Ren. yaAonTo?, 'milk.' • A bad
condition of the milk.
CACOGALAC'TICA. Same etymon as thela?t.
One who sufl^ers from a bad condition of the milk.
CACOGALIA, Cacogalactia.
CACOGEN'ESIS, (F.) Cacoghil^e, from ica/cnf,
'bad,' and ycveaig, 'generation.' A morbid for-
mation. A monstrosity.
CACOMORPHIA. Deformation.
CACOMORPIIOSIS, Deformation.
CACOPATHI'A, Pa^'eio Mala, from icnm,
'bad,' and 7ra&og, 'affection.' A distressed statu
of mind. — Hippocrates.
CACOPHO'NIA, from KOKog, 'bad,' and (^uvm
'voice,' vitia'ta vox. A dissonant condition of
voice.
CACOPLAS'TIC, Cacoplas'ticns, Di/ipl'dnint'-
ie ; from KaKog, 'bad,' and n'Xaacu, 'I form.' Su.i-
ceptible of only a low degree of organization, as
the indurations resulting from low or chronic
inflammation, fibro-cartilage, cirrhosis, &o.
CACOPRA'GIA, Cacoprax'is, from (cawt,
'bad,' and rparTu, 'I perform.' Depraved con-
dition of the organic functions.
CACOPRAXIS, Cacopragia.
CACORRHACHI'TIS, from KaKog, 'bad,' ami
pa-^^ts, 'the spine.' Cacor'rhachis, Cncor'hnithi-<,
Cacorhnrhi'tis, Spoiuhjlal'gia. Deformity of the
spine. Disease of the spine. Spontaneous luxa-
tion of the vertebrae and ribs dependent upon
internal causes.
CACORRHYTH'MUS, Arrlnjth'mus, from "-
Kog, 'bad,' and pt^/joj, 'rhythm,' 'order.' Irre-
gular.
CACO'SIS. Mala di8po8it"io, (F.) Viet. A
CACOSITIA
151
C/ECUM
bn'l conilition of body. — Hippocrates. A diseased |
coiiditiiin in c^-'ieriil.
CACOSIT'IA, from kqkos, 'bad,' and airiov,
'aliment.' Di.sgust or aversion for food — Fad-
tid'lum cilio'nim.
CACOSMTA, see Cacodes.
CACOSOMI'UM, from Kaxoi, 'bad,' and .rojfia,
'the lioiiy.' An liospital for luprosy, and incura-
ble affections in general.
CACOSPfiKMA'SIA, Cacospermn't!<i, Carol,
per'niin, fvom KuKog, 'bad,' and a^rcpua, 'sperm.'
A bad condition of the sperm.
CACOSl'lIYX'IA, from k,ikos, 'bad,' and
a^v^K, ' pulse.' — Vitio'sH8 2ii'i'>iiii- Bad state of
puis-.'. — (Jaien.
CACOSPLANCH'NIA, from K.iKoi, 'bad,' and
o^^'iYX^'""' ' '•'' viscus.' Indijrestion. The eraa-
ciaiioii dependent upon imperfect digestion. —
Siclienhaiir.
CACOSTOM'ACHUS, from ^a/coc, 'bad,' and
aTD^uyoi, 'the stomach.' What disagrees with
the stomach. Indis;estil)Ie. — Gorraeus.
CACOSTO.MATOSPIIllESIA, Breath, offen-
sive.
CACOS'TOMUS, from Kaxof, 'bad,' and croixa,
'a mouth.' Having a bad mouth, or a bad
breath.
CACOTIIANASIA. see Euthanasia.
CACOTMYMTA, Vit'ium An'imi, from KUKog,
' bad ' and du|UO{, ' mind,' ' disposition.' A vicious
state of inind. — Linden.
C \OOTiUBULUS, Centaurea calcitrapa.
CACOTIllCiriA, from (cufo?, ' bad,' and Opi^,
'■/"X"'- 'hair.' Disease of the hair.
CACOTROPiriA, from kukos, 'bad,' and rpo^^,
'nutrition.' — Viiio'ea mitrW'io; — disordered nu-
trition. — (Jalen.
CACOfr, C'ifjof, Catechu.
CACOU'CIA COCCIN'EA. Concin'en, Goc-
chi'f/i, S<- liowihai' n CDccin'en, Tikimtiia. A peren-
nial twining shrub of South America, the plant
of which, as well as the fruit, is possessed of
euu'to-cathartic properties.
CA<yriER, Cactus opuntia.
CACTUS, Cvnara.
CACTUS OPUN'TIA, Opun'tia, 0. vii7;jn'rh.
The hidittn Fiij, (F.) Cacticr, Itaquette, Fujiiicr
d'liide. Ord. Cactaceoe. This plant grows in
South America, Spain, Italy, &e. Its fruit, which
bus the stiape of the fi?, is of a sweetish taste,
and colours the urine red when eaten. Its leaves
are considered refrigerant.
The fruits of different species of cactus are
called TniKii,
C.\D.V'B,V, STrofi'mia. A genus of the family
C(ipi>iiride(B, natives of India and Arabia. The
j'oung shoots of the Cada'ba fariiio'sa are consi-
dered to he an antidote against venomous bites.
C.\I).\'VEIl, Ptnmn, Neeron. A dead body,
corse, corpne, (Sc. ) Corp; a niibject ; a carcass,
(F.) Cada.vre. The word has been supposed to
come from cado, ' I fall ;' and by some to be a
contraction from earo data cermibus, 'flesh given
to tlie worms.' [?]
CADAVERIC, Cad.averous.
CADAVEROUS, Cadav'eric, Cadavero'sns,
Necra'des, (F.) Cudavereujr, Cadnrerique, Be-
longing to the dead body ; as cadnverons smell.
The Cadar'erous or Hippocrnt'ic face, (see Face),
is an unfavourable sign in disease, and generally
denotes a fatal termination.
CAn.w'KnoiTs or Cahav'ruic IIvrERiE'jfiA.
The hypostatic hyperasmia observed in depend-
ing parts of the dead body.
CADDY INSECT, see Ectozoa.
CADF. Junii)crus oxyceiirus.
CADE.rr-INDI, Malal)ii thrum.
CADKli-AVANACU. Croton tiglium.
CADIA. An Egyptian, leguminous plant.
The Arabs attribute to its fresh leaves the power
of relieving colic.
CADIVA INSANIA, Epilepsy.
CADMIA, Calamina, Tutia.
CADMI'I SULPHAS, Cadmi'um Bulphn'ricum,
Sidphas Cadiiii'cus, 3feli')i{ Sidphas, Klnpro'thii
Sidphas, Klap)ro'thiam Sidphii' ricum, Melinnni
Sidphu'riciim, Sulphate of Cad'miitm. Used in
spots on the cornea, and in chronic torpid in-
flammation of the conjunctiva, in the iiuantity
of half a grain to a grain to the ounce of water.
It does not differ materially ih its properties from
suljjhate of zinc. The nitrate, in the dose of jtk
of a grain, induces vomiting and purging.
CADMIUM SULPHURICUM, Cadmii Sul-
phas.
CADRE DU TYMPAN, Tympanal. The
portion of the temporal bone which supports the
meml)rana tympani.
CADTCIIU, Catechu.
CADUCA HUNTERI, Decidua — c. Passio,
Epilepsy.
CADU'CITY, Imheeil'Utas, DebU'itas, Cadu'-
eitas, from cadere, 'to fall.' The French use the
word Cuducite for the portion of human life which
is comprised generally between 70 and 80 years.
The age which precedes decrepitude. It is so
termed in conseiiuence of the limbs not usuallj'
possessing sufficient strength to support the body.
The precise age must of course vary in indivi-
duals.
CADUQUE, Decidua membrana — c. Kfjlechie,
see Decidua membrana — c Utei'ine, Decidua — c.
Vraie, Decidua membrana.
CADUKCUS, Vulva.
C.A.DUS, Kaioi;. A Greek measure equal to ten
gallons English. — Pliny. Amphora.
C^CA FORAM'INA (ANTERIUS ET POS-
TERIUS) are situate at the fore and back parts
of the tuber annulare of the brain, and at the
extremities of the depression made by the verte-
bral artery. The former is placed between the
nerves of the third, and the latter between those
of the sixth pair.
C/ECiE HyEMORRHOi'DES, Blind Piles,
(F.) H e III orrho ides areiajles, are those unaccom-
panied by any discharge.
CjECAL, CcBca'lis. Belonging to the Caecum,
from c<Bciis, 'blind, hidden.' The Cacal arteries
and veins are the branches of the Arteries et vencB
c(>lic(B dcxtrcB inferiores, distributed to the ca;eum.
The Cacal or blind extremity of a duct is its
closed termination. See Csecus.
CICATRIX, Cicatrix.
CiE'CITAS, Cw'citas, Cwcifu'do, Ahlcp'sia,
ObccBcn'tio, OccfBca'tio, Anap'sia, Ti/'pfilotes,
Ti/pfilo'sis, Ce'citij, Blindness, (F.) Ai-eiii/lcmenf,
Cecite, Perte de la viie. Cfecitas may be depend-
ent upon many different diseases — as upon amau-
rosis, specks, hypopyon, cataract, glaucoma, oph-
thalmia, atrophy of the eye, &c.
CiECiTAS Crkpuscularis, Hemeralopia — c.
Diurna, Nyctalopia — c. Nocturna, Hemeralopia.
CFCITE, Typhlo-enteritis.
C/ECITUDO, Cajcitas.
CiECUM, Cwcnin, Intesti'num ccBcvm, 3fonom'-
achon, jtfonom'actim, 3fonoco'lon, l/onocn'liim,
Tjiplilo'teron monoco'lon, Typhlot' erum, Typlilo-
en'tenim, Init"ium iniesti'ni crassi, Saccus Intes-
tini crassi seu Coli, Ccecnm Caput coli, Caput coti.
Prima cella coli, Init"ium extu'berans coli, from
ccBcus, 'blind.' The Blind Gut, so called froui
its being open at one end only. That por-
tion of the intestinal canal which is seated be-
tween the termination of the ileum and com-
mencement of the colon ; and which fills, almost
wholly, the right iliac fossa; where the perito-
neum retains it immovably. Its length is about
three or four fingers' breadth. The lleo-cacul
C.ECUS
ir)2 CALADIUM ESCULENTUM
»o/i,'e or Valve of Bauhin shuts off all communi-
( Mtion between it and the ileum ; and the Appen-
dix vermi/ormis ccBci is attached to it.
CyECUM Foua'mkn of the frontal bone is a small
cavity at the inferior extremity of the internal
coronal crest or crista. — Fronto-et/imoidal fora-
v,cn, (F.) TroH aveiKjle ou hoi-ffiie. Morgagni has
^iven the same name to the small cavity in the
ididdle of the upper surface of the tongue, near
iis base; the sides of which are furnished with
mucous follicles — Lacunes de In lanyue — (Ch.)
Cecum, Phlegjionous Tumour op the, Ty-
)ihl()-entcritis.
CyECUS. 'Blind.' One deprived of sight,
TjphlopH, (F.) Aveiigle, Borgne. In anatomy, it
i.- used to designate certain holes or cavities,
which end in a cul-de-sac; or have only one
opening. See CcBcal.
liliiul Duds of the Ure'thra, (F.) Conduits
oreuij/es de I'urethre, are the JIucous Lacu' na
of the Ure'thra.
C^LA-DOLO, Torenia Asiatica.
C^MENTUM, Lute
C^ERULEUM BEROLINENSE, Prussian
blue- — c. Borussicura, Prussian blue.
C/ERULOSIS NEONATORUM, Cyanopathy.
CyE-SALPTNIA, C. sappan, Sappan or Samp-
fen wood, (F.) IhesiUet, Bois de Siippan. Ord.
Eeguminosae. Called after Caesalpinus. A small
Siamese tree, the wood of which is used in de-
coction, in cases of contusion.
Brazil wood, Pernamhnco or Fernambuco tcood,
fnrraerly used as an astringent, is the wood of
C.ksali'in'ia Echina'ta. This is the proper
Brazil wood ; but another variety in commerce is
the Brasiletio from Casalpinia Brasiliensia and
V. crista, which grow in the West Indies.
The Nicaragua or Peach-tcood is analogous to
ttiis, and is said to be derived from a species of
C;csalpinia.
The kernel of Cesalpin'ia Bonpucell'a, the
seed of which is called in India Kuthideja and
Kutoo Kitriinja, is given as a febrifuge tonic.
Dose, ten grains.
CiESA'REAN SECTION, Casa'rean opera'-
tion, Tomotoc' ia, Ccp.sa'rea sectio, Partus ccBsa'-
reus, Opera' tio ccBSa'rea, Metrotom'ia, (F.) Ope-
ration Cesaricnne, from ccedere, ccBsum, ' to
cut.' An incision made through the parietes
of the abdomen and uterus to extract the
foetus. In this manner, Julius Caesar is said
to have been extracted. — Pliny. It is also
called llijsterotoni'ia, Hysterotomotoc'ia, Gastro-
iiietrotoin' ia, Gasterhy sterol' amy, Gastrometrot'-
oiiie, Gastrohysterot'omtj. An incision has been
made into the uterus through the vagina, consti-
tuting the Vayinal CcBsarean Section, Gastro-
eli/trotoin'ia, Gastreli/trotom'ia, Gastrocolpotoin'ia,
Laparacoljwtom' ia, Lnparoelytrotom' i a, (P.) Ope-
ration cesarieune vagina/e. The Caesarean sec-
tion may be required when the mother dies
before delivery; when there is some invincible
obstacle to delivery from the faulty conformation
(■f the pelvis; or when the child has passed into
the abdominal cavity in consequence of rupture
of the uterus.
CiESARIES, Capillus, Scalp.
CiESIUS, Glaucoma.
CiE'SONES, Cce'sares. Children brought into
the world by the Csesarean operation.
C^SU'LI^. They who have gray eyes.
CiBSURA, Cut.
CiETCHU, Catechu.
CAF, Camphor.
CAFAL, Agrimony,
CAFAR, Camphor.
CAFE, Coffea.
CAFE A LA SULTANE. This name has i
been given to an infusion or deccjction of the ground
coquea or pericarps which surround the coli'ee.
CAFE CrriilN. The aiiueous infusion of un-
roasted coffee, so called on account of its yellow-
ish tint.
CAFETN, see Coffea Arabica.
OAFEIElt and CAFEYER, Coffea Arabica,
CAFFA. Camphor.
CAFFEIN, see Coffea Arabica.'
CAF I Eli, Coffea Arabica.
CAFUR, Camphor.
CAGAS'TRUM. The principal or germ of dis-
eases which are communicable. — Paracelsus.
CAGNEUX, Cagot. See Kyllosis.
CAGOSANGA, Ipecacuanha.
CAGOTS(F.). A name given to deformed and
miserable beings, met with in the Pyrenees, Bern,
and Upper Gascony, in France, where they are also
called Capois. In other districts they are called
Gezits, Gezitains, Cretins, Gahcts, Capons, Coli-
berts, Cacous, Cagneux, &c. Sec (Cretin. The word
Cagot is supposed to be an abbreviation of Cania
Goth us, 'Dog of a Goth.'
CAGUE-SANGUE. Caqneaangue.
CAHINC7E RADIX, Cainca) radix.
CAI'EPUT OIL, Cofeput oil, Kyapnt'ty, Ca-
jupu'ti O'leum. The volatile oil of the leaves of
Jlclaleu'ca Cajujiu'ti, Ord. Myrtaceae, a native
of the Moluccas. The oil has a strong, fragriint
smell, like camphor; taste jiungentand aromatic.
It is stimulant, and useful where the essential oils
in general are employed. It has also been called
Oil of Witnebeii, from the person who first dis-
tilled it.
CAIK, Pleurodynia.
CAIL-CEDRA, Swietenia Senegalensis.
CAILLE, Tetrao coturnix.
CAILLE, see Curd.
CAILLE AU, Lantana.
CAILLEBOTTE, see Curd.
CAILLE-LAIT, Rennet — c. Blanc, Galium
mollugo — c. Vruic, Galium verum.
CAILLETTE, Abomasus.
CAILLOT, Coagulura.
CAINANiE RADIX, Caincse radix.
C A I N'C ^ RADIX, Radix Chiococ'ca, E.
Caina'ncB seu Caninana seu Cahincce seu Ka-
hinccB seu Serpenta'ria Brazilien'sis, Caincn Root.
The bark of the roots of Chiococc'a anguif'mja
seu densifo'lin, and, perhaps, Ch. raccnio'sa, a
plant of the Order Rubiaceas. Sex. Syst. Pen-
tandria Monogynia, of Linna>us. It is bitter,
tonic, and diuretic, but has not been long intro-
duced. Dose of the powder, from Qj to ^^^ss.
Dr. John H. Griscom, of New York, considers
there is a remarkable analogy between the Cain-
ca and the Apocynum cannabinum.
CAINITO, Chrysophyllum Cainito.
OAIPA SCIIORA. A cucurbitaeeous Malabar
plant, the fruit of which has a pyriform shape.
The juice is drunk in that country for the pur-
pose of arresting hiccough. The fruit, when un-
ripe, is emetic.
CAISSE, Case — c. du Tnmhour, Tympanum —
c. du Tympan, see Tympanum
CAITCHU, Catechu.
CAJAN, Phaseolus creticus
CAJUPUTI, Caieput.
CAKES, WORM, STORY'S. These were com-
posed of calomel and jalap, made into cakes, and
coloured with cinnabar.
CALABASJI-TREE, NARROW-LEAVED,
Crescentia Cujete.
CALADIUM ESCULENTUM, Arum eseulen-
turn.
Cala'dium SRGUi'Nu\f, Nat. Ord. Araeese. A
plant of India, whose acrid juice has been given
CALAF
153
CALCENOS
there in gout and rheumatism, and as an anaphro-
di^iac to women. The tincture has been prescribed
ill pruritus vulvae. '
CALAF, S'llix yEf/i/ptincn. A large-leaved
Ef^yptiun willow, called, also, Ban. The dis-
tilled water of the flowers, called Mac<ihalef,
passes, in that country, for an excellent ant-
nphrodisiuc. It is also used as an antiloimic,
antispptir, and cordial.
CALA(iUALA, see Calagualas radix.
CAL.UiKRI, Vernonia anthelinintica.
CALA(ii IKAII, Vernonia anthelmintica.
CALAGUA'LvE RADIX, CobKjne'la Radix.
The root of l'oli/i)<t'iliiiin Culatjuu'la seu adiniiti-
for'me seu corin'ceitm seu amniifo'linm seu ar-
(jeii'lciiiii seu pol'itnm, Anpid'ium coria'cenm seu
ferrtt'jin'viiiii seu din'colvr, Tecta'ria calahnala
SJd ft mill ill' en, Cnldgiiiila, Cnluhwiht. Order,
Felices. It has been exhibited in Italy in dropsy,
pleurisy, contusions, abscesses, <tc. Its proper-
lies are not, however, clear.
CALAIIUALA, see Calagualse radix.
CALAMANDRTNA, Teucrium chamaedrys.
CALAMBAC, Agallochum.
CALAMIiOUK. Agallochum.
CALAMK'DOX, from xaAajuof, 'a reed.' This
word has had various signitications. Some have
used it for an obliiiue fracture of a bone; the
fractured portions having the shape of the nib
of a pen. Others have used it for a longitudinal
fracture ; and others, again, for one that is com-
minuted.
C ALA ME NT, Melissa calamintha.
CALAMI'NA, Ciil'itmine, from calamus, *a
reed,' so called from its reed-like appearance.
Cndmi'a, C. lapido'sn a'ero'sa seu fos'silis, Lapis
Aero'siiH, Lapis Calainiiia'ris, Cahimina'ris, Oar' -
bonus Ziiiri impu'riis, Cathiiiir, (F.) Pierre cala-
viiiiaire. Native impure carbonate of zinc. Cala-
mine is chiefly used for pharmaceutical purposes
in the form of the Calamina pr^para'ta (Ph.
IT. S.), Lapis Gahimiiia'ris prcepara'tus, Ciir'bo-
uas zinci impn'riis prmpara'tits, Zinci car'bonas
prcBpara'tii-i, Prepared Calamine : — Calamine re-
duced to an impalpable powder by roasting and
levigation. In this state it is sprinkled or
dusted on excoriated parts, or to prevent exco-
riation, itc.
CALAMINARIS. Calamina.
CALAMINT, Melissa Calamintha — c. Field,
Melissa nepeta — c. Mountain, Melissa grandiflora
— c. Spotted, Melissa nepeta.
CALAMINTA IIUMILIOR, Glecoma hede-
racea.
CALAMINTHA, Melissa C — c. Angliea, Me-
lissa nepeta — c. Erecta Virginiana, Cunila Mari-
ana — c. Hederacca, Gleehoina hederacea — c.
Magno flore, Melissa grandiflora — c. Montana,
Melissa grandiflora — c. Nepeta, Melissa nepeta —
c. Parviflora, Melissa nepeta — c. Pulegii odore,
Melissa nepeta — c. Trichototna, Melissa nepeta.
CAL'AMUS, Knhiiios, 'the reed.' In the Phar-
macopoeia of the U. S., the- rhizoma of acorus
calamus.
Calamus Alexandri'-vus. Celsus has thus
called a medicine, which was long confounded
with Calamna Aromaticus. It is not a root,
however, but the stalk of a plant of India and
Egypt, prol)ahly the Andrnpo'ijun Nardus. It
entered into the theriaca, and has been regarded
as antihysteric and emmenagogue ; — Calamus
aromatiens veriia.
Calamus AnoMATicrs, Acorus calamus — c.
Aromaticus verus, Calamus Alexandrinus — c.
Draco, C. rotang — e. Indicus, see Saecharuin — c.
Odoratus, Acorus calamus, Juncus odoratus.
Calamus Rotang, ('. Draco. Order, Palmac.
The systematic name of a plant, whence Draijona
Blood, SauijuisDrucu'nis, Cinnah'aris GrcBvo'rum,
DraconthcB'ma, CF.) Sang-Dragon, is procured. It
is the red, resinous juice, obtained, in India, from
wounding the bark of the Calamus Rotang. It has
been used as an astringent in hemorrhages, <fec. j
but is now rarely employed.
Calamus Schiptc'rius, ^iioy7j//)/ie, 'a writing
pen,' (F.) Fossette aiigidaire du quatrieme ven-
tricule. A small, angular cavity, situate at the
superior extremity of the medulla, in the fourth
ventricle of the brain, which has been, by some,
supposed to resemble a pen.
Calamus Vulgaris, Acorus calamus.
CALAPPITE. Ruinphius has given this name
to calculous concretions, found in the interior of
certain cocoa-nuts. The cocoa-tree itself the Ma-
lays call Calappn. These stones are, likewise,
termed Vegetable Dezoards. The Malays attri-
bute potent virtues to them, and wear them as
amulets.
CALASAYA, Cinchonas cordifolia3 cortex.
CALEALA, CabaL
CALBIA'NUM. The name of a plaster in
Myrepsus, the composition of which we know
not.
CALCADINUM, Ferri sulphas.
CALCATRE, Calcareous.
CALCA'NEAL, Calca'neus, from calx, 'the
heel.' Having relation to the calcaneum, as
' calcaneal arteries.'
CALCANEO-PHALANGIEN DU PETIT
ORTEIL, Abductor minimi digiti pedis — c.
Phalanijinien coj/oinoi, Extensor brevis digitorum
pedis- — c. Soiis-phalangettien eommiin, Flexor
brevis digitorum pedis — c. Sous-I'halanginien
commun, F'lexor brevis digitorum pedis — c. Sous-
phalangien dn petit orteil, see Abductor minimi
digiti pedis — c. Sus-phalangettieii commun, Ex-
tensor brevis digitoruiu pedis.
CALCA'NEUM, from cal.r, 'the heel.' Calca'-
neus, Calcar, Cal'cia, Ichnus, Os Calcis, Pterna,
Pter'ninm. The largest of the tarsal bones : that
which forms the heel. It is situate at the poste-
rior and inferior part of the foot; is articulated
above and a little anteriorly with the astragalus;
anteriorly, also, with the os cuboides. Its poste-
rior surface — called Heel, Talus, Calx, {¥.) Ta-
lon — gives attachment to the tendo-aehillis : the
lower has, posteriorly, two tuberosities, to which
the superficial muscles of the sole of the foot are
attached. The small Apoph'i/sis or lateral Apoph-
ysis of the Calca' neuin, (F.) Petit Apophi/se ou
Apopliijse laterale du Calenneum, is a projection
at the upper surface of this bone, on which is
formed the posterior portion of the cavity that
receives the astragalus. The great Apoph'ysis,
anterior Apoph'i/sis nf the Calca'neum, is the
projection which corresponds, on one side, with
the cuboides; and on the other forms the ante-
rior part of the facette which receives the astra-
galus.
CALCAR, Calcaneum, Ergot— c. Avis, Hippo-
campus minor.
CALCA'REOUS, Calca'reus, Calca'rius, from
co/.r, ' lime.' {¥.) Calcaire. Containing lime : —
as calcareous concretions, C. depositions, &c.
CALCAREUS CARRONAS, Creta.
CALCARIA CHLORATA, Calcis chloridum—
c. Chlorica, Calcis chloridum — c. Phosphorica,
see Cornu cervi — c. Pura, Calx— c. Pura liquida.
Liquor calcis.
CALCARI.E CHLORUM, Calcis chloridum.
CALCATAR, Ferri sulphas.
CALCATREPPOLA, Centaurea calcitrapa.
CALCE'NA, CALCE'NON. CALCENO'NIA,
CALCIXO'NIA. Words employed by Paracel-
sus to designate the concretions of tartrate of lime
which form in the human body.
CALCENOS, Calcetus.
CALCEOLARIA
154
CALCULI
CALCEOLA'RIA, from cnlceulus, 'a small
slipper ;' Slipi>erwort.
Cai.ckola'kia Piumata is used in Peru as a
laxative.
Calceola'ria Trif'ida is esteemed to be febri-
fuge.
CALCE'TUS, Cnlcevo'nius, Calce'iios. That
■which abounds in tartrate of lime. An adjective
used by Paracelsus in speaking of the blood ;
Snn/jids cnh-e'tiis. Hence came the expression,
Cal'ciiicd hlood, Smiq calcine.
CALCKUM EQUINUM, Tussilago.
CALCHOIDEA (OS), Cuneiform bone.
CALCIA, Calcaneum.
CALCIFEROUS CANALS, Canaliculi calci-
feri.
CALCIFICATION, see Cretefaction.
CALCIGRROUS CELL, see Tooth.
CALCIG'RADUS, Ptemoh'ntes, from cnlx,
'the heel,' and gradus, 'a step.' One who walks
on his heels.
CALCII CIILORIDUM. Caleis murias — c.
Chloruretum, Caleis murias — e. Oxyehloruretum,
Caleis chloriilum — c. Oxj'dum, Calx viva — c.
Protochloruretuin, Caleis chloridum — c. Sulphu-
retuui, Caleis sulphuretum.
CALCINA'TION, dddna'tio, Calci'non. Con-
crema'tio, from caf.e, 'lime.' The act of submit-
ting to a strong heat any infusible mineral sub-
stance, which we are desirous of depriving either
of its water, or of any other volatiliziible sub-
stance that enters into its composition ; or which
we wish to combine with oxygen. Alum is cal-
cined to get rid of its water of crystallization ; —
chalk, to reduce it to the state of pure lime, by
driving oft' the carbonic acid ; and certain metals
are sulyeeted to this opcrntion to oxiilize them.
CALCINATUM MAJUS POTERII, Hydrar-
gyrum praic'ipitatum.
CALCFNONIA. Cnlcena.
CALCIS BICIILORURETUM, Caleis chlori-
dum — c. Carbonas, Creta — c. Carbonas durus,
Greta, Marmor — e. Carbonas friabilis, Creta.
CaLCIS Car'BOXAS PllyECIPITA'TUS, Precip'-
ifated Car'bonate of Lime, Precipitated Chalk.
This preparation, introduced into the last edition
of the Pharmacopoeia of tlie United States, is pre-
pared as follows: Liq. Calcii dhlorid. Ovss; Soda
Coro'oiat. Ibvj ; Aqiice dentillat. q. s. Dissolve the
carbr)nate of soda in six parts of distilled water;
heat this and the solution of chloride of calcium,
separately, to the boiling point, and mix. Wash
the precipitate repeatedly with distilled water,
and dry on bibulous paper. It has the same pro-
perties ns creta praqiarata, and is preferred to it
in ctriain cases, — for example, as an ingredient in
tooth i)ovvders, owing to its freedom from gritty
particles.
Cai.cis Chlo'ridum. Chlo'ride or Chlo'rnret or
Hypochlo'rite or Chlorite or O.ri/triu'riateof Lime,
Calx chloriua'ta (Ph. U. S.) seu Ojcrjmuriat'icn,
Protoxichlor' uret of Calcium, Calcn'ria chlora'tu
seu Chlorica, Chlornm seu Chlnrctnm Calca'ria,
Oxi/chloritre'tum seu Protochlorure'tinn Calcii,
Chlunirc'tiim Oxidi Calcii, Bichlorure'tiim seu
Oxymu'rias Calcin, Caleis Hypochlo'ris, Bleach-
ing or Tennnnt's Powder, (F.) I^rotoxichlonire
de Calcium, Chlorure d' Oxide de Calcium,
Chlnrure ou Oxichlorure ou liichlorure ou Oxi-
mv.riate ou 3furiate siiroxi(/eiie ou oxir/ene de
Chaux, Poiidre de Blaiichement, P. de Tennant.
A compound resulting from the action of chlorine
on hydrate of lime. Chloride of lime is a most
valualile disinfecting agent, (see Disinfection,)
■when dissolved in the prc.portion of one pound to
six gallons of water. It has likewise been em-
ployed both internally and externally in various
diseases, as in scrofula, foetor oris, foul ulcers,
Cai.cis IlKPAn, Caleis sulphuretum — c. Ily.
dras, see Calx — c. Ilypochloris, Caleis chloridum.
Cai.cis Mu'hiaS, Muriate of Lime, Calx sali'lri,
Calcii Chlorurc'ttnn seu Chlo'ridum, Chloride of
calcium, (F.) Chlorure de calcium. Muriate du
Hydrochlorate de Cliaux. This salt has been
given, in solution, as a tonic, stimulant, &c., in
scrofulous tumours, glandular obstructions, gene-
ral debility, &o. A Solu'tio Muria'tis Calcii,
Liquor Caleis Muria'tis, Solution of Muriate of
Lime, Ijiquid Shell, may be formed of Muriuie
of Lime, ^y, dissolved in distilled u'aler, t^uy
The Liquor Cal'oii Ciilo'hidi or Solution of Chin-
ride of Cidcium, of the Pharmacop(cia of the
United States, is prepared as follows : — Marlh,
in fragments, .^ix, Muriatic acid. Oj ; JJislillnl
water, a sufficient quantity. Mix the acid with
a half pint of the water, and gradually add the
marble. Towards the close of the ellervescence
apply a gentle heat, and, when the action h:is
ceased, pour off the clear liquor and evaporate to
dryness. Dissolve the residuum in its weight and
a half of distilled water, and filter. Dose, from
gtt. XXX to f 3J. in a cupful of water.
Cai.cis Oxymuuias, Caleis chloridum— e.
Phosphas, see Cornu cervi — c. Phosphas prajci-
pitatum, see Cornu ustum.
Calcis Sulphure'tum, Cal'cii sulplnire'tiim,
Hepar Calcis, Sul'phtiret of Lime, S. of Cal'eiinn,
Hi/drosulphate of Ijime, (F.) Proto-hi/ilroxul/nle
de C<ilcium, lliplrosulfate de chaux. Piincipally
used in solution, as a bath, in itch and other
cutaneous affections.
CALCITEA, Ferri sulphas,
CALCITEOSA, Plumbi oxydum scmivitreum.
CALCITHOS, Cupri subacetas.
CALCITRAPA, Centaurea Calcitrapa, Del-
phinium consolida — c. Hippopha>stum, Centau-
rea calcitra])a — c. Stellata, Centaurea calcitrapa.
CALCIUM. CHLORIDE OP, Calcis mmias-
c. Chlorure de, Calcis murias — c. Chlorure d'oxide
de, Calcis chloridum — c. Protohydrosulfate de,
Calcis sulphuretum — c. Profo.richlorure de, Cal-
cis chloridum — c. Protoxichloruret of, Calcis
chloridum — c. Protoxide of, Calx — c. Sulphuret
of, Calcis sulphuretum.
CALC0-SUI3PHALANGEUS MINIMI DI-
GIT I, Abductor minimi digiti pedis — c. Subpha-
langeus pollicis, Abductor poUicis pedis.
CALCOCOS, Bell-metal.
CALCOIDEA, (ossicula.) Cuneiform bones.
CALCOTAR, Ferri sulphas.
CALCUL, Calculus.
CALCULEUX, Calculous.
CALCULI, see Calculus — c. Articular, see
Calculi, arthritic; and Concretions, articular.
Calculi, Alternating, see Calculi, urinary.
Calculi, Artiiuit'ic, Tophi, Tuber' cula ar-
ihrit'ica. Calculi arthrit'lct scu podot/'riei,
Chalk-stones, Gout-stones, Nodes, (F.) Pierres
crayeuses, Calculs arthritiques, Nwuds. Concre-
tions, which form in the ligaments, and within
the capsules of the j(dnts, in persons affected with
gout. They are composed of uric acid, soda, and
a little animal matter; very rarely, urate of liinc
and chloride of sodium are met with. Similar
calculi are found in other parts beside the joints.
Cal'culi, BlL'lAuy, Calculi hilio'si foufell'd
seu hilia'rii, Bil'iary Coucre'tious, Oall-stonm,
Cholol'ithus, Cholel'ifhus, (F.) Calculs biliairen,
Pierres an fid, Auijichololithe, — Piorry. Some
of these contain all the materials of the bile, and
seem to be nothing more than that secretion
thickened. Several contain Picromd ; and the
g»eater part are composed of from 8S to 9-1 parts
of Cholesterin, and of from 6 to 12 of the yellow
matter of the bile. Biliary calculi are mo"st fre-
quently found in the gall-bladder : at other times,
CALCULI
155
CALCULI
in the cuVjstnnPC of the liver, in the branches of
ttie DiiitiiH hi-pntic.uH, or in the Ductus Coiinniinh
(Jh<ih(li<fhiin. The first are called Ci/ntic; the
Bcoiiil Jfe/inli'c ; anil the last, sometimes, Jlcjin-
tiKt/xiir. The causes which give rise to them are
very obscure. Often they occasion no uneasi-
ness, and at otlier times the symptoms mny be
confoumled with those of hepatitis. At times,
they are rejected hy the month, or by the bowels,
along with a considcra'ile quantity of bile, which
bad accumulated -behind thorn ; at other times
they occasion violent abdominal inflammation,
abscesses, and liiliary fistulse, rupture of the gall-
bladilcr, and fatal elfusion into the peritoneum.
The passa<;e of a gall-stone is extremely painful;
yet the pulse is not at first affected. Antiphlo-
gistics, when there is inflammatory action, and
strong doses of opium, to allay the pain and
spasm, with the warm bath, are the chief reme-
dies. Solvents are not to be depended upon.
They cannot reach the calculi.
Calculi, Bone Earth, see Calculi, urinary —
C. Compound, see Calculi, urinary — c. C3'stic, see
Calculi, urinary.
Cal'ciili of the Ears, (P.) (lidcnh de V Oreille.
riard. light, and inflammable concretions, which
occur in the mcatnH andilnrins e.rternns, anil are
merely indurated cerumen. They are a frequent
cause of deafness. They can be easily seen, and
may be extracted by appropriate forceps, after
having been detached by injections of soap and
water.
Calculi Fkllei, Calculi, biliary — e. Fusible,
see Calculi, urinary.
Cal'culi, LACIl'RVJrAL, (F.) CalculH lacrif-
rnaux.. Concretions sometimes, but rarely, form
in the lachrymal passages, where they occasion
abscesses and fistulie, which do not heal until
they are extracted. No analysis has been made
of them.
Calculi, Lithic, see Calculi, urinary.
Cal'culi of thr Mamm.«, (P.) Calcnh fhs
Jlf'tiiiellen. rialler gives a case of a concretion,
of n yellowish-white colour, which had the shape
of one of the excretory ducts of the mammary
gland, having been extracted from an abscess
seated in that organ.
Calculi, Mulberry, sec Calculi, urinary.
Cal'culi of the Pax'creas, (F.) Cdlculs du
Pfinci(ns. These are but little known. Ana-
logy has induced a belief tiiat the}- resemble
the salivary. Some have supposed that certain
transparent calculi, rejected by vomiting, or
passed in the evacuations, have proceeded from
the pancreas, but there seems to be no reason for
this belief.
Cal'culi op the Pive'al (iland, (F.) Calcitls
de la Glande Piii^a/e. These have been fre-
quently met with. No symptom announces their
presence during life. They are composed of
phosphate of lime.
Calci:li Podagrict, Calculi, arthritic.
Cal'culi op the Prostate. Prostnt'ic cnl'cnU.
These are not very rare. They have generally
the same composition as the preceding. They
usually present the symptoms common to every
tumefaction of the prostate, and sometimes those
of calculi in the bladder.
Cal'culi Pul'moxahv, (F.) CnJcuh pnlmo-
nniren. These concretions are very frequently
met with in the dead body, without seeming to
have produced unpleasant symptoms during life.
At other times, they are accompanied with all
the symptoms of phthisis, Lithn-phthisln, Phthisie
tnlciileitae. of Bayle. See Lithiasis pulmonnin.
At times they are expectorated without the
supervention of any unpleasant symptom. They
arc usually formed of carbonate of lime and ani«
mal matter,
Cal'culi, Sal'ivary, Cal'culi saUva'les, Sin-
lol'itlii, (F.) CdlcniH siilivaires. Concretions,
usually formed of phosphate of lime and animal
matter, which are developed in the substance of
the salivary glands or in their excretory ducts.
In the first case, they may be mistaken for a
simple swelling of the gland ; in the second, they
may generally be detected bj' the touch. They
may be extracted by incision in the interior of
the mouth. The calculus developed in the sub.
lingual ducts has been called Cal'eulus mtbliii-
(pin'lis and Ri'u'ula lapide'a.
Cal'culi, Spermat'ic, (P.) Calcuh sperinn.
tiqnes. These have been sometimes found in tlie
vesieulae scminales after death. They cannot I e
detected during life. No analysis has been made
of them.
Cal'culi of the Stomach and Intes'tines,
Enterol'ithiin, E. Cal'eulus, Caprol'ilhus, Concre-
tio'ues alvi'ncB, (F.) Calcnls de I'estomuc. C. iii-
testi'naux ou atercornu.r, Pierres stercortdcs, Caii-
cretions intextinnhs. Calculi of the stomach are
rare, and have almost always been carried thither
by the antiperistaltic action of the intestines. Tlie
symptoms occasioned by them are those of chronic
gastritis. It has been imagined that the cori-
tinued use of absorhent powders, as magnesia,
will give occasion to them.
Intestinal concretions, (F.) Calculs iutesfinnii.r,
are not uncommon in animals (see Bezoard :)
but they are rare in man. The causes whiih
give rise to them are litile known : sometimes a
biliar.v calculus affords them a nuideus. Their
composition varies. They are light, hard, very
fetid, and not inflammable. They are formed,
ordinarily, between the valvuUo of the small in-
testines, or in the cells of the large, and some-
times in old hernire. Whilst they do not ob-
struct the passage of the alimentar.v mass, they
produce no unpleasant symptoms. At times, the
movable tumour which they form may bt fo't
through the parietes of the abdomen. They are
generally evacuated per titnnn. .
Cal'culi op the Ton.sils. Calculous concre-
tions, which sometimes form in the tonsils. (F.)
Cnlcnln dcH Aiin/>idales. They are easily recog-
nised by the sight and touch : sometimes the.y
are discharged by spitting, either alone or W'ith
the pus of an abscess occasioned by their pre-
sence. They have not been analyzed.
Calculi, Triple, see Calculi, urinary — c.
Uric, see Calculi, urinary.
Cal'culi, U'hinary, Uird'ltJn', (F.) Ccdcids
ttri'niitres, Pierres urinnires. Concretions which
fortn from the crystallizable substances in the
urine, and which are met with not only in the
whole course of the urinary passages, but in fis-
tulous openings wherever the urine stagnates
naturally or accidentally. Their causes are but
little known. They are more common at the two
extremities of life than at the middle, and more
so in some countries and districts than in others.
At times, a clot of blood, a portion of mucus,
&o., form the nucleus. The symptoms and treat-
ment vary according to the seat of the calculus.
There is no such thing probably as a medical
solvent. See Urinary Calculi.
Chymists have demonstrated the exist-
ence of several components of urinary calculi,
vis., Lithic Acid, Phosphate of Lime, Amvio-
niiiro-MagnesiiiH Phosphate, O.ralate of Lime,
Ci/stic Oxide, and Xauthic Oxide, with an
animal cementing ingredient. The varieties of
ealculi., produced by the combination or inter-
mixture of these ingredients, are thus represented
by Dr. Paris.
CALCULIFRAGUS
156
CALCULS B I LI A I RES
A TABULAR VIEW OP DIFFERENT SPECIES OF URINARY CALCrLI.
SPECIES OF CAL-
CULI.
EXTEB.NAL CIIAHACTEBS.
CIIYMICAL COMl'DSITIO.N.
KKMMIKS.
1. LITHIC or
URIC.
Form, a flattened oval. S. G.
seiicrally (•xcitpcls I, .500. Colour,
browiii.^ih or faun-likp. Surface,
smooth. Tezture, laminated.
It consists prinripallv of Lil/iic
Jicid. When treated wilh nitric
acid, a beautiful pink substance
results, 'i'liis calculus is slightly
soluble in water, abundantly so
in the pure alkalies.
It is the prevailing
species ; but the siiiliae
sonieiimes occurs fine
Iv tubcrculatcd It fre-
ipienlly cnnstiliiies the
nuclei of the othi.'r spe-
cies.
2. MULDER RY,
(F.) Cidculs
muraux.
Co/our. (lurk brown. Texture,
hauler than that of the other
S|)('(;ifs. S G from ].4'-'>'to 1.976.
Surface, studded with tubercles.
It IS oxalate of lime, and is de-
composed in the flame of a spirit
lamp swelling out into a white
efflorescence, whicli is quick-
Ihne,
This sjiecies iiicliidee
some varieties, wliicli
are remarkably smooth
and pale-coloured, re-
senibliii!.' hnnp.scnt.
3. BONE EARTH
Co/our, pale brown or gray ;
surface, smooth and polished;
structure, regularly laminated ;
the lamina; easily separating
into concrete crusts.
Principally phosphate of time.
It is soluble in muriatic acid.
4. TRIPLE.
Colour, generally brilliant
white. Surface, uneven, studded
with shining crystals, less com-
pact than the preceding species.
Between its lamina; small cells
occur, filled with sparkling par-
ticles.
It is an ammoiiiaco-mairnexian
phosphate, generally mixed with
phosphate of lime. Pure alka-
lies decompose it, extracting its
aninionia.
This species attains a
larger size than any of
the others.
5. FUSIBLE.
Co/our, grayish wiiite.
A compound of the two fore-
going species.
It is very fusible,
melting into a vitreoud
globule
6. CYSTIC.
Very like the triple calculus,
but it is unsiratified and more
compact and homogenous.
It consists of CI/Stic oiiiie. LTn-
der the blowpipe it yields a pe-
culiarly fetid odour. It is solu-
ble in acids, and in alkalies,
even if they are fully saturated
with carbonic acid.
It is a rare species.
7. ALTERNA-
TING.
Its section exhibits different
concentric laminae.
Coinpininded of several spe-
cies, allernatiiig wilh each other.
8. COMPOUND.
No characteristic form.
The ingredients are separable
only by chyinical analysis.
1. Renal Calculi, (P.) Cnlctih rennux. These
h.ave almost always a very irregular shape :
St tiinos, there is no indication of their pre-
sence : at others, they occasion attacks of pain
in the kidneys, sometimes accompanied with
bioody or turbid urine. Often, they cause in-
danimation of the kidneys, with all its unplea-
sant result,?. They are generally formed of uric
acid, animal matter, and oxalate of lime, with,
sometimes, phosphates. The treatment will have
to vary, according to the absence or presence of
inflammatory signs, — relieving the irritation by
opiates. A surgical operation can rarely be ap-
plicable.
2. Colcui; of the UrelfTR, (F.) Calcnh del
Ureteren. These come from the kidneys, and do
not produce unpleasant effoets, unless they are
go large as to obstruct the course of the urine,
atid to occasion distension of the whole of the
ureters above them : or unless their surface is so
rough as to irritate the mucous membrane, and
occasion pain, hemorrhage, abscesses, &c. The
pain, during the passage, is very violent, extend-
ing, at times, to the testicle of the same side
in the male: and occasioning a numbness of the
tliigh in both sexes. The treatment consists in
peneral or local blood-letting, warm bath, and
opiates.
;?. C'llciifi, Venicnl ; Stone iti the Bladder,
Lith'ia VeHiea'lin. Lithi'nfii'K ri/t'ticn seu vesica'Un,
Ci/ito-Hthl'aKi's, Di/su'rifi calriilo'xn seu irrifn'ta,
C'll'enluH vcKi'cm, (F.) Cnlruh reaicaux.. These
are the most common. Sometimes, they proceed
from the kidneys: most commonly, they are
formed in the bladder itself. Sense of weight in
the perinasum, and sometimes of a body rolling
■when the patient chancres his position; pain or
itching at the extremity of the glans in men ;
frequent desire to pass the urine; sudden stop-
page to its flow; and bloody urine — are the chief
signs which induce a suspicion of their existence.
We cannot, however, be certain of this without
sounding the patient. Sometimes, when of a
small size, they are expelled: most commonly,
they remain in the bladder, the disorganization
of which they occasion, unless removed by a sur-
gical operation.
4. Ctdc.nli, Ure'thral. These almost always pro-
ceed from the bladder. The obstruction, which
they cause to the passage of the urine, the hard
tumour, and the noise occasioned when struck
by a sound, indicate their presence. They are
removed by incision.
5. Ciileidi of Fin'tidoun pansar/cs. These arise
when there is some fistulous opening into the
urethra. They can be readily recognised, ami
may gener.nlly be extracted with facility. (F.)
CalculK places hora dea voiea icriuairea. See Uri-
nary Calculi.
Cal'culi of the U'terus, (F.) C'drnh (h
V Uterus. These are ver}' rare. Tlic signs, which
indicate them during life, are those of chronic
etujorgcment of the uterus. Their existence, con-
sequently, cannot be proved till after death.
CALCULIFRAGUS. Lithontriptie.
CAL'C ULCUS, (F.) Calcuhux, Graveleux.
That which relates to calculi, especially to those
of the bladder.
Calculous Oxyd. Oxyd, cvstic.
CALCULS (F.). pi. of Col'enl, a calculus.
CALCULS BILfAfHES, Calculi, biliary —
c. de VEstomac, Calculi of the stomach — e. de la
Glrinde Pineale, Calculi of the pineal gland — c.
Infealhiaux, Calculi of the stomach and intestines
— c. Larn/niaux, Calculi, lachrymal — c. des Mii-
meUes. Calculi of the mamma) — c. M^imnr, see
Calculi, urinary — c. (/e V Oreille, Calculi in the
ears— c. dn Pancreas, Calculi of the Pancreas—
c. Places hors dcs voies nriiiaires. Calculi of fis-
tulous passages— c. Pulmonaires, Calculi, pulmo-
CALCULUS
157
CALLIBLEPIIARUM
nary— -c. Rennux, Calculi, renal — c. Salivaires,
Calculi, salivary — c. Spermntiqiten, Calculi, sper-
matic — V. Slei-coranx, see Calculi of tbe stomach
and intestines — c. Urinairea, Calculi, urinary — c.
chs Uieteres, Calculi of the ureters — c. de I'Uti-
ri(i. Calculi of the uterus — c. Veaicaux, Calculi,
vesical.
CAL'CULUS, Lapis, Lithoa. A diminutive
of calx, a lime-stone. (F.) Calcul, Pierre.
Calculi are concretions, which may form in every
part of the animal body, but are most frequently
found in the organs that act as reservoirs, and in
the excretory canals. They are met with in the
tonsils, joints, biliary ducts, digestive passages,
lachrynial ducts, mammic, pancreas, pineal gland,
prostate, lungs, salivary, spermatic and urinary
jiassages, and in the uterus. The causes which
give rise to them are obscure.
Those that occur in reservoirs or ducts are
supposed to be owing to the deposition of the
substances, which compose them, from the fluid
as it passes along the duct; and those which
occur in the substance of an organ arc regarded
as the product of some chronic irritation. Their
genenil effect is to irritate, as extraneous bodies,
the parts with which they are in contact; and to
produce retention of the fluid, whence they have
been formed. The symptoms differ, according to
the sensibility of the organ and the importance
of the particular secretion whose discharge they
impede. Their solution is generally impracti-
cable : spontaneous expulsion or extraction is the
only way of getting rid of them.
Calculus Bkzoar, Bezoard — c. Dentalis,
Odontolithus — c. Encysted, Calcul chatonne — c.
Sublingualis, see Calculi, salivary — c. Vesicae,
Calculus, vesical.
CALDAS, WATERS OF. Caldas is a small
town, ten leagues from Lisbon, where are mineral
springs, containing carbonic and hydrosulphuric
acid gases, carbonates and muriates of lime and
magnesia, sulphates of soda and lime, sulphuret
of iron, silica,, and alumina. They are much
used in atimic gout. They are thermal. Tem-
perature 93° Fahrenheit.
CALDK'RL13 ITAL'IC^, Warm baths in
the neighbourhood of Ferrara, in Italy, much
employed in dysuria.
CALEB ASSES, Cucurbita lagenaria.
CALKDO'NIA SPRINGS. These are in Penn-
sylvania, fifteen miles from Chambersburg. The
waters are pure ; temperature 52° Fahr.
CALEnoMiA. Springs, see Canada, mineral
Waters of.
CALEFA'CIENTS, Calefacien'tia, Therman'-
tica, from cnlidus, 'warm,' and facio, 'I make.'
(F.) Ki-hmiffimts. Substances which excite a de-
gree of warmth in the part to which they are
applied, as mustard, pepper, <tc. They belong
to the class of stimulants.
CALEFACTIO, Echauffcment.
CALENDULA ALPINA, Arnica montana.
Calen'uula ArVF.n'sis, C<dthn Arven'sis seu
officiiKi'tis, Wild 3far'igold, (F.) Souci des
Champs. Order, Compositaj. This is, some-
times, preferred to the next.__^ Its juice has been
given, in the dose of from f^j to f^iv, in jaun-
dice and cachexia.
Calen'dula Officixa'lis, C. Sati'vn, Ohrji-
san'thdiinin, S/xnisa solis, Cnllhn vuliju'ris ; Ver-
ruca'riti, Siiir/lc or Garden Mar'itfolil, (Prov.)
Goldiiii/, (F.) Souci, S. ordinaire, Fleur de tons
lea moi's. Famih/, Synanthereiu, Syngenesia ne-
eessaria Linn. So called from flowering every
calend. Tbe flowers and leaves have been exhi-
bited as aperients, diaphoretics, <tc., and have
been highlv extolled iu cancer.
CALENDULA MARTIALES, Fernim am-
moniatum.
CALENTU'RA, Cul'enture, from calere, 'to be
warm.' The word, in Spanish, signifies fever. A
species of furious delirium to which sailors are
subject in the torrid zone : — a kind of phrenitis,
the attack of which comes on suddenly after a
broiling day, and seems to be characterized by a
desire in the patient to throw himself into the
sea. It is only a variety of phrenitis.
Calentura Continua, Synocha.
CALENTU'RAS; Palo de Calentu'ras. Pomet
and Lemery say, that these words are sometimes
applied to cinchona. Camelli says, they mean,
also, a tree of the Philippine Isles, tbe wood of
which is bitter and febrifuge.
CALF KNEE, Entogonyaneon— c. of the Leg,
Sura.
GALTCE, Calix.
C ALICES BEN ALES, see Calix.
CALICO BUSH, Kalmia latifolia.
CALIDARIUM, see Stove.
CALIDUIVI ANIMALE, Animal heat — c. In-
natum, Animal heat.
CALIFOR'NIA, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Several mineral springs exist in California, near
40° N. Lat. and 40^° longitude west of Wash-
ington, directly upon the California trail, leading
from the sink of Humboldt river to Pyramid
lake. Their temperature varies from cold to
almost boiling. They ebb and flow at irregular
intervals ; have not been analyzed ; but some
have the taste of a strong solution of sulphate of
magnesia. They have had the singular effect of
inducing blennorrhoeal symptoms, both in man
and animals.
CALIGATIO, Dazzling.
CALI'GO. 'A mist.' Achhjs, (F.) Brouillard.
An obscurity of vision, dependent upon a speck
on the cornea: also, the speck itself; CuUyo cor'-
necB seu a NephcV io seu a Lenco'inate, J/ac'ula
cornccB seu semi pell u'cida, Phtharma cali(/n, He-
hetu'do visds, Nch'ula, Opahe cornea, Wch-eye,
Web, Pin-and-Wcb, (F.) Nona<je de la Comic,
Taie ou Taye, Ohscurciasement de la vue, Aicera-
todiaphanie, — Piorry.
Caligo Lentis, Cataract — c. Pupillw, Syne-
zisis — c. Synizesis, Synezisis — c. Tenebrarum,
Hemeralopia.
CALIHACIIA CANELLA, Lanrus cassia.
CALISAYA BARK, Cinchona- cordifolise cor-
tex.
CALISTHEN'ICS, Callisthen'ics, Calistheni'a,
CidlistJieiii'a, {¥.) Callistlienie, frcim kmAoj, 'beau-
tiful, and (rSsvo;, 'strength.' The art of promoting,
by appropriate exercises, strength of body, and
grace of movements.
CALIX, Calyx, Li/undib'uliim, from xaAuf, 'a
cup,' 'a flower cup.' (F.) Calice, Entonnoir.
Anatomists have given this name to small cup-
like membranous canals, which surround the
papilhv of the kidney, and open into its pelvis,
whither they convey the urine : — Cal'ices rena'l&s,
Cylind'ri membrana'cei licnum, Fin'tulcB nre'te-
rum renum, Canales vienibra'nei lienum, Tn'bnli
pelvis renum. Their number varies from 6 to 12
in each kidney.
Calix Vomitoria, Goblet, emetic.
CALLA PALUS'TRIS, Water Arum ; indige-
nous. Ord. Araceae : has similar virtues to those
of the Arums.
Calla Virginica, Peltandra Yirginica.
CALLEUX, Callous.
CALLIBLEPH'ARUM, from KaWo^, 'beauty,'
and (3Xc(papov, 'eyelid.' A remedy for beautify-
ing the eyelids.
CALLICANTIIUS
158
CALUMBA
CALLTCANTHUS, Calycanthus.
CALLICAR'PA AMERICA'NA, French MuV-
hernj ; indigenous. Order, Verbenaccae. Used
as a eutropliic in cutaneous diseases. Said to be
useful in drop?}'.
CALLICOCCA IPECACUANHA, Ipecacu-
anlia.
CALLTCRRAS. Pancre.is.
CALLIOMARCIIUS, Tussilago,
CALI.IP-E'DIA, from icaXXo?, 'beauty,' and
ran, Ttit^o;, 'a child.' The art of begetting beau-
tiful fhildren. This was the title of a poem by
Claude Quillet, in 1055; "OallijicBdia si've de pnl-
chrcp. proh's hahenda; rcitione." The author ab-
.surdly supposes, that the beauty of children is
affected by the scnsati<ins which the mother ex-
periences during her pregnancy.
CALLIPERS OF BAUDELOCQUE, see Pel-
vimeter.
CALLIPESTRIA, Cosmetics.
C ALLIPII YLLUM, Asjjlenium trichoma-
noides.
CALLIP'YGOS, from koXXdj, 'beauty,' and
Tuyi;, ' buttocks.' A coguomen of Venus, owing
to her beautiful nates.
CALLISTHENICS, Calisthenics.
CALLITRICIIE AQUATICA, C. Verna— e.
Ileterophylla, C. Verna— c. Intermedia, C.
Verna.
Cai.i.it'richk Verna, (KaXo;, 'beautiful,' and
&pi^, Tiiix'>i, 'hair,' from its capillary and tufted
stems,) C. nqiiat'ien seu intc.rme'din seu hetero-
phijl'ld, Wotcr chickmeed, ]Vuter starwort. : indi-
genous ; Order, Callitrichacere ; is diuretic, and
used in dropsy, in the form of tincture or of de-
coction.
CAL'LITRIS ECKLO'NL A South African
tree, Ord. Coniferae, from the branches and cones
of which a gum exudes, that resembles Gum
Sandarac. This is successfully used in the form
of fumigations in gout, rheumatism, oedematous
swellings. &c.
Callitius CuPRESSOiDES, a common shrub in
the neighbourhood of Cape Town, exudes a simi-
lar substance.
CALLOSITAS, Induration — c. Palpebrarum,
Scleriasis — e. Vesica>, Cystauxe.
CALLOS'ITY, Calloe'itas, Seyro^, Ti/le, Tylux,
Ti/lo'ma, Tylu'niK, Dcrniatoscler'i't^is, JJermatot!/-
lo'mn, Dermcitutylo'm'n, Dermatot'ylun, I^oms, Ec-
phij' inn Calltis. Hardness, induration, and thick-
ness of the skin, which assumes a horny consist-
ence in places where it is exposed to constant
pressure. (F.) Durtllon. Also the induration,
which is observed in old wounds, old ulcers, fis-
tulous passages, <fec.
CALLOUS, Callo'mi8, OcJifJio'des, from callus,
'hardness.' (F.) Cnlleu.v. That which is hard
or indurated. A C(dlous Ulcer is one whose edges
are thick and indurated.
CALLUNA ERICA, Erica vulgaris — c. Vul-
garis, Erica vulgaris.
CALLUS, Cains, CalUim, Osteot'ylns, (F.) Cal.
The bony matter, thrown out between the frac-
tured extremities of a bone, which acts as a ce-
ment, and as a new bony formation. The words
are. likewise, used occasionally in the same sense
as Callosity.
Callus, PnovisiONAL. When the shaft of a
long bone has been broken through, and the ex-
tremities have been brought in exact juxtaposi-
tion, the new matter, first ossified, is that which
occupies the central portion of the deposit, and
thus connects the medullary cavities of the broken
ends, forming a kind of plug, which enters each.
This was termed by M. I)upuytren the provi-
sional Callus.
CALMANTS, Sedatives.
CA LME, (F.) The interval that separates the
paroxysms of an acute or chronic disease. AVhen
the type is intermittent, the word intermUslon is
used.
CALOMBA, Calumba.
CAL'OMEL, from icaXof, 'good,' and fitXif,
'black.' A term, formerly applied to ^Ethiops
mineral. By some, the mild chloride of mercury
is said to have been so called by Sir Theodnre
Turquet de Mayerno, in consequence of its having
been prepared by a favourite black servant, cir,
according to others, because it was a good remedy
for bUick bile. It is now applied to the mild
chloride of mercury only. See Hydrargyri sub-
murias.
CALOMEL STOOLS. A term applied to tlio
green, spinach-like, evacuations occasioned hy
the internal use of the mild chloride of mercury.
CALOMEL'ANOS TURQUE'TI, Hydrargyri
submurias. A name, also, given by Riverius to
purgative pills, prepared with calomel, sulphur,
and resin of jalap. — Dictionaries.
CALOMELAS, Hydrargyri submurias.
CALO'NIA, KaXiavia. An epithet formerly
given to myrrh. — Hippocrates. See Myrrha.
CALOPHYLLUM INOPHYLLUM, see Fa-
gara octandra.
CALOR, Heat — c. Animalis, Animal heat —
e. Nativus, Animal heat.
CALORWITE, (F.) Caloric"ifas. The faculty
possessed by living bodies of generating a suffi-
cient quantity of caloric to enable them to resist
atmospheric cold, and to preserve, at all times
and in every part, a temperature nearly equal.
See Animal Heat.
CALORIFA'CIENT, Calorif'innt, Cnlori/a'.
ct'enn, Cnlorijj'anfi : from calor, 'heat,' and/nrcir,
'to make.' Having the power of producing heat.
Relating to the power of producing heat.
CALORIFICA'TION, Calorfficu'tio, from m-
lor, 'heat,' And jieri, 'to be made.* The funetiun
of producing animal heat.
CALOliixESES, from calor, 'heat.' The
name under which M. Baumes proposes to ar-
range all diseases characterized by a sensible
change in the quantity of animal heat. The ('«-
hirineses form the first class of his Nosology.
CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA, Mudar— c". Mu-
darii, Mudar.
CALOTTE, (F.) Pile' ohm. Anatomists some-
times give the name. Calotte aponevrotiqnc, to
the aponeurosis of the occipito-frontalis muscle,
which covers it externally ; and that of Calotte
dn crane to the scnU-cap,
Calotte is also applied to an adhesive plaster,
with which the head of a person labouring under
tinea capitis is sometimes covered, after the hiiir
has been shaved off. This plaster is pulled sud-
denly and violently off, in order to remove the
bulbs of the hair. It means, also, a sort of coiT
made of boiled leather, worn by those who have
undergone the operation of trepanning, Ac.
CALOTTE D' ASSURANCE, Condom.
CALTHA ALPINA, Arnica montiina— c Ar-
vensis. Calendula arvensis — c. Marsh, C. Palus-
tris — c. Officinalis, Calendula arvensis.
CaLTHA Palus'triS, Mamh 3lar'i(j(dd, .lil'iTxh
Caltlia, CoHnHpn. Order, Ranunculacea; : iuili-
gcnous. A syrup prepared from it is a popular
cough remedy.
Caltha Vulgaris, Calendula ofBcinalis.
CALTROPS, see Trapa nntans.
CALUM'BA, Colom'ho, Calnm'ba, Colom'hi,
(Ph. U. S.); Colnmho, Radix ColnmhcB, (F.) Cu-
Itimbe ou Colttmbe. The root of Jleninper'i.iuin
CALUS
159
CAMPIIENE
jxilmtt'tnm, Cnc.'culuH pnlma'tus. Order, Meni-
fcperiniict'aj : indigenous in Mozauibique. Its
oilour is slightly uroiuatic; taste unpleai^antly
bitter. It is tonic and antiseptic. Dose, gr. 10
to J5J '" powder.
(Jam:mba, American, Frnse'ra Walteri seu
Citrulliicn'm's seu Ojjlcinn'liii seu verticil' lata,
Hwer'tin diffiiriii'iH seu Fraxe'ra, American or
Maricl'ta Culiimbo, Indian Lettuce, Yellow Gen-
tian, (liilden Seat, Meadiiw pride, Pi/r'ainid. The
root Franc' ra (Ph. U. S.) is used in the same
cases as tlie true Caluiuba.
UALUS, Callus.
CALVA, Cranium.
Calva, Valva'ria. The cranium ; the upper
part e.-jpecially ; the skull-cap; — the Vault of the
Cranium, Cam'era.
CALVARIA, Cranium.
CALVA'TA FEllRAMEN'TA. Surgical in-
struments, which have a head or button.
CAliVIT"lES, Calvifium, Phal'acra, Phnla-
cro'iii, Glahrit"ies, Ophi'aKis, Depila'tio Cap'-
itio, I'lialacro'ma, Madaro'sis,Lip8utrich'ia, Batd-
vchu, (Old Eng.) Ballednesse, Cal'vity, Ac, from
calvuK. 'bald,'(F.) Oalvitie, Chanvete. Absence
of hair, particularly at the top of, and behind,
tlie head.
Cai.vit"ies Palpebra'iium is loss of the eye-
lashes.
CALVUS, Athrix.
CALX, Lime, Ca'rium Terra;, Protox'ide of
Cnl'cium, Cnlca'ria pura, (F.) Chaux. The lime,
employed in pharmacy, should be recently pre-
pared by calcination. When water is sprinkled
over caustic lime, we have slaked lime, hydrate
(,f i;„,e, — the Valcia Hydras of the London phar-
niacoptcia.
Cai.x, see Calcaneum — • c. Bismuthi, BL^imuth,
subiiitrnte of — c. Chlorinata, CaU-is chloridum —
c. Cum kali puro, Potassa cum calce — c. Salita,
Calcis murias — c. O-xymuriatica, Calcis chlo-
ridum.
Calx e Testis ; lime prepared from shells.
It has probably no medicinal advantages over
tlijit prepared from marble.
Calx Viva, C. reccns seu iista, Calx et Calx
viva, O.r'idum Cal'cii, Fitmans nix, Lime or
QuicJclime, (F.) Chaux vive. The external ope-
ration of calx viva is eseharotie, but it is rarely
used. Lime is a good disinfecting agent. It is
employed internally in the form of Liquor Calcis.
CALYCANTirUS, C.Flur'idus, Callican'thus,
[?] Carol i'na Allspice, Sweet-scented shrub, Sweet
shrub, from calyx, 'a flower-cup,' and avdoi, 'a
flower.' An indigenous plant; 0)-(/cr, Calycan-
thacesc ; with purplish flowers, of strong, agree-
able odour, which ajjpear from March to June.
The root is possessed of emetic properties.
C A L Y P T R A NTIIES CARYOPHYLLATA,
Myrtus caryophyllata.
CALYSTEliIA SEPIUM, Convolvulus sepium
— c. Soldanella, Convolvulus soldanella.
CALYX, Calix.
CAMARA, Calva.
CAMAREZ, MIxXERAL WATERS OF. C»-
mnrez is a small canton near Sylvanes, in the
department of Aveyron, France, where there are
acidulous chalybeates.
CAMARO'STS, Cnmam'ma, from xnnapn, 'a
vault." Camera'tio. Tcstudina'tio Cra'nii. A. spe-
cies of fracture of the skull — cam' crated frnc-
tnre—\\\ which the fragments are placed so as to
form a vault, with its base resting on the dura
mater. — (Jalcn. Paulus of .Tlgina.
CAMBIE-LEAF, Nympha-a alba et lutea.
C VMBINO. A tree of the Molucca Islands,
from the bark of which a kind of gum-resin ex-
udes, which has been highly extolled in dysen-
tery. It appears to have some resemblance to
the simarouba — Rumphius.
CAMBIUM, ' Exchanfje.' A name formerly
given to a fancied nutritive juice, which was
supposed to originate in the blood, to r-epair the
losses of every organ, and produce their increase.
— Sennertus.
CAMBO, MINERAL WATERS OF. A vil-
lage in the department of Basses Pyrenees,
France, where there are two mineral springs;
the one an acidulous chalybeate, the other sul-
phureous. Temperature, 62° to 09° Fahrenheit.
CAMBODIA, Cambogia.
CAMBO'GIA, from Cambodia, in the Enst In-
dies, where it is oljtaiiied. Jlenee, likewise, its
names Cambo'dia, Cambo'i/ium, Gambo'i/ia, Gam-
bo' (ji um,Gamhu' gi nm ,Ga inboi' dia . It is called, also,
Gutta, Gutta yamba seu Gamandr(B,Giimmi Gutta,
Catayau'na, Cattajau' ma, Chri/'nopus, Laxati'vus
Lid'icus, Gumnii Bo'ijia seu (jaiiKin' drtr ?eu de Goa
seu de Jemn seu ad Pod'ar/ram, Chilta jemoco,
Cand)oge or Gamboc/e, (F.) Gomme Gutte. Ord.
Guttiferae. A yellow juice obtained from Ilebra-
dendroH Camh-or/ioi'dcn, and other plants of the
natural family (Juttifera3, but it is not known
from which of them the oBSeinal camboge is ob-
tained. It is inodorous, of an orange yellow
colour; opake and brittle; fracture, glassy; is a
drastic cathartic, emetic and anthelmintic; and
is used in visceral obstructions and dropsy, and
wherever powerful hydragogue cathartics are re-
quired. Dose from gr. ij to vi, in powder, united
with calomel, squill, <fec.
Cambogia Gutta, (Jarcinia cambogia.
CAMBU'CA, Cambiic'ca membra'ta. Buboes
and venereal ulcers, seated in the groin or near
the genital organs. — Paracelsus. See Bubo.
CAMELEF, Cneorum tricoccum.
CAMERA, Chamber, Fornix, Vault — c. Cordis,
Pericardium — c. Oculi, Chamber of the eye.
CAMERATIO, Cam.arosis.
CAMFOROSMA, Camphorosma.
CAMINGA, Canella alba.
CAMISIA FCETOs, Chorion.
CAMISOLE, Waistcoat, strait.
CAMMARUS, Crab.
CAMOMILLE FETIDE, Antherais cotula—
c. Puante, Antherais cotula — c. Romaine, Anthe-
mis nobilis — c. des Teinturiera, Anthemis tincto-
ria — c. Vulrjaire, Matricaria chamomilla.
CAMOSIERS, WATERS OF. Camos-iers is
a canton, two leagues from Marseilles, where are
two springs containing carbonate of lime, sul-
phur, chloride of sodium, Ac. They are purga-
tive, and used in skin complaints.
CAMOTES, Convolvulus batatas.
CAMPAGNE, MINERAL WATERS OP.
Campagne is in the dejiartinent of Aude, France.
The waters contain suljihate and chlorohydrate
of magnesia. Temperature, 80° Fahrenheit.
CAMPAN'ULA. Diminutive of campana, a
bell.
Campanula TnACHE'MUM, Canterbury Bell or
Throaticort, was formerly used, in decoction, ia
relaxation of the fauces. It is, also, called Cer-
vica'ria.
CAMPE, Flexion.
CAMPHENE. The radical of camphor, which,
according to Dumas, consists of camphene and
one equivalent of oxygen. Camj)henc or cam-
phine is represented by pure oil of turpentine,
That which is used for burning in lamps, and ia
occasionally employed therapeutically, is oil of
turpentine purilied by distillation from a solution
of caustic potassa.
CAMPIIIRE
1
CANAL DE PETIT
CAMPHIRE, Camphor.
CA.Ml'lIOK, from Arab. Cn'plmr or Kam'-
pltii); Cam'phora, Caphura, Caffa, Oaf, Cnfur,
Vaphora, Alta/or, Camphire, (F.) Covqihre.
A concrete substance, prepared, by distillation,
from L'liiius O't III' Jill Ufa, Per'sea Coiii'fora, C<ait-
jihira officiiKiiuiii, an indigenous tree of the East
Indies. " Order, Laurineie. Its odour is strong
and fragrant : it is volatile, not easily pulveriza-
ble; texture crystalline. Soluble in alcohol,
ether, oils, vinegar, and slightly so in water. Its
properties are narcotic, diaphoretic, and sedative.
Dose, gr. v to ^j. Dissolved in oil or alcohol, it
is applied externally in rheumatic pains, bruises,
sprain?, Ac.
CAMi>iioit Water, Mistura Camphorse.
CAMPHORA'CEOUS, Camphora'cens. Rela-
ting to or containing camphor; — as a ' camphor-
aeeoHs smell or remedy.'
CAMPHORATA HIRSUTA, and C. MON-
SPELIEXSIUM, Camphorosina Monspeliaca.
CAMPH'ORATED, Camphora'tus, (F.) Cnm-
phri. Relating to camphor ; containing cam-
phor ; as a cumphorated smell, a camphorated
draugltt.
CAMPHOROS'MA MONSPELIACA, C. Pe-
reJi'iiiV, from Camphor, and otritrj, 'odour.' Sela'go,
Camphora'tn hirsit'ta seu Moiixpelien'slum, Hairy
Camphoron'ma, (F.) Cumphree de Ifoiitjie/licr.
Order, ChenopodiaeesB. Sex. Sijsf. Tetrandria
Monogynia. This plant, as its name imports, has
an odour of camphor. It is regarded as diuretic,
diaphoretic, cephalic, antispasmodic, Ac. It is
also called Uhamapeu'ce and Stinking Ground
Pine. '
CASfPHonosMA Perennis, C. Monspeliaca.
CAMPIIRE, Camphor.
CAMPHRE, Camphorated.
CAMPHIIEE DE MONTPELLIER, Cam-
phorosma Monspeliaca.
CAMPION, ROSE, Lychnis githago.
CAMPOMANE'SIA LINEATIFO'LIA. A
tree, twenty to thirty feet high, which grows in
Peru, and whose fruit — jialillo — of a bright yel-
low colour, and as large as a moderate-sized apple,
has an exceedingly agreeable scent, and is one
of the ingredients in making the perfumed water
called niiHtura. — Tschudi.
CA^tlPSIS, Flex'io, Curva'tio, Injiex'io. Bone
or cartilage, forcibly bent from its proper shape,
without breaking. — Good.
Campsis Depressto, Depression.
CAMPYLOR'RHACHIS; from KannvXog,
' crooked,' and pa;^i;, ' spine.' A monster whose
spine is crooked. — Gurlt.
CAMPYLORRHI'NUS; from Ka/jnrvXoi,
'crooked,' and piv, 'nose.' A monster whose
nose is crooked. — Gurlt.
CAMPYLOTIS, Cataclasis.
CAMPYLUM, Cataclasis.
CAMUS, (F.) Simiis, Besi'mns, Simo, Silo, Si-
las. One who has a short, stumpy nose. The
French speak of A'ez camus, 'short nose.'
CANADA BURNET, Sanguisorba cana-
densis.
CAN'ADA, MINERAL WATERS OF. St.
Catherine's, at the head of Lake Ontario, at the
entrance of the Welland Canal, 12 miles from
Niagara Falls, and on the Great Western Rail-
road, has a mineral spring, much frequented,
which Dr. Chilton, of New York, analyzed and
found to contain chlorides of calcium, magnesium,
sodium, and iron, sulphate of lime, carbonates of
lime and magnesia, hromide and iodide of mag-
nesium, silica and alumina.
Tuscarora Acid Spring is in the township of
Tuscarora, about 20 miles north of 1 ass Dover.
It contains a large amount of free suli.luine acid ;
beside sulphates of the alkalies, lime, magnesia,
alumina and iron.
Charlotteville Sniphiir Spring is a few milc!
from Dover, on Lake Erie. It contains an uu-
usual quantity of sulphuretted hy<lrogen.
The Caledonia Springs — a well known water-
ing place — are a few miles south of the Ottawa
river, and 40 miles from Montreal. There lire
various sources ; one — the Gas Spring — diselinrg-
ing carburetted hydrogen ; a Saline and a ,V»/-
2>hiir Spring; besides an Jntcriniltiiig Spring,
which discharges large quantities of carlniretted
hydrogen ; and in which iodine and bromine have
been detected.
CANAL, Cann'lis, Dnctiis, ilca'tns, Pnros,
Och'etos, (F.) Conduit. A channel for affording
passage to liquids, or solids, or to certain organ,--.
Canal, Alimen'tary, C. Diges'tive, Cann'lis
seu Ductus ciba'riiis seu digesti'vua seu aliiiteu-
ta'rins, Tubus alimenta'rius seu intestino'nim,
Diges'tive Tube, Aliment'ary Duct or Tnhe. The
canal extending from the mouth to the anus.
Canal, Akach'noii), Cana'lis Bichot'ii, Cnnnl
of Biehat. A canal, formed by the extension of
the arachnoid over the transverse and longitudi-
nal fissures of the brain, which surrounds the vena
magna Galeni. The orifice of the canal has
been termed the Foramen of Biehat.
CANAL ARTE HI EL, Arterial duct — c. de
Bartholin, Ductus Bartholinus — c. of Biehat,
Canal, arachnoid — c. Bullular, of Petit, Godrouue,
canal — c. Carotidien, Carotid canal — c. ChoU-
doque, Choledoch duct — c. Ciliary, Ciliary canal
— c. of Cotunnius, A.t)U8cductus vestibuli — c. Di'-
ferent, Deferens vas — c. of Fontana, Ciliary cnnnl
— c. Goudronne, Godronne ccaial — c. H(p>atiqiie,
Hepatic duct.
Canal of IIdguier. A small canal at the
inner side of the fissure of Glaser, through whii-h
the chorda tympani nerve leaves the cavity of
the tympanum.
Canal, Hy'ALmn. A cylindrical passage, de-
scribed by M. J. Cloquet as formed by the reflec-
tion of the hyaloid membrane into the interior
of the vitreous body around the nutritious artery
of the lens. M. Cruveilhier has never been able
to see it.
Canal, Inci'site, see Palatine canals — e. Infra-
orbitar, Suborbitar canal — c InJIcxe de I'os tew-
pioral. Carotid canal — c. Interrneiliare des ventri-
cules, Aquaeductus Sylvii.
Canal, Intes'tinal, Cana'lis seu Ductus inten-
tina'lis. The portion of the digestive canal formed
by the intestines.
Canal of Jacobson, Canal, tympanic.
Canal, Med'ullary. Tlie cylindrical cavity
in the body or shaft of a long bone, which cou-
tains the marrow.
Canal, Nasal, Lachrymal canal.
Canal of Ncck. A cylindrical sheath formed
around the round ligaments of the uterus by a
prolongation of the peritoneum into the inguinal
canal.
CANAL DE PETIT, Godronne canal — c.
Pulino-aortique, Arterial duct — c. Rachidian,
Vertebral canal.
Canal op Sciilemm. A minute circular canal,
discovered by Professor Schlemni, of Berlin. It
is situate at the point of union of the cornea and
sclerotica.
Canal, Spinal, Vertebral canal — c. SpirouU
de I'os temporal, Aquaeductus Fallopii — c. de S'e-
non, Ductus salivalis superior — c. Thoracique,
Thoracic duct — c. Veineux, Canal, venous — c.
Vulvo-uterinc, Vagina — c. de Warthon, Ductua
salivalis inferior.
CANALES AliRIFERI
IGl
CANCER
CAyAl,, Tym'panic, Cnnn'Us tympnn'icun, Cnnal
o/J'i'cobmiii. A eaiiiil which opens on the lower
surface of the petrous portion of the temporal
bone, between tiie carotid canal and the groove
for the internal jugular vein. It contains Jacob-
son's nerve.
Can.vl, V'ectou, Tube, Fnllopian.
Canal, V'knous, Cutin'lis seu Ductus veno'sua
8cu />. I'. Arnu'tii, (F.) Canal veiueux. A canal
which exists only in the fcetus. It extends from
the bifurcation of tiie umbilical vein to the vena
cava inferior, into which it opens below the dia-
phragm. At times, it ends in one of the infra-
hepniic veins. It pours into the cava a part of
the blinxl, which passes from the placenta by the
umbilical vein. After birth, it becomes a fibro-
cellular cord.
Canal ov Wuisung, see Pancreas.
CAX.\LK.S AKRIFERI, see Bronchia.
CANA'LKS BRESCIIET'I. Canals in the
diploe for the passage of veins ; so called after
M. Breschct.
Caxali:.s Circulares, Semicircular canals — c.
Cochlcie, Scal;« of the cochlea — c. Lacrymales,
Lachrymal ducts — c. iMeml)ranei rcnum, see Calix
— c. Tiihicformes, Semicircular canals.
CANAI-rCULATED, Grooved.
CAXALICULATUS, CaunelS, Grooved.
CAXALIUULE, Grooved.
OAXALWULES CALCIFERES, Canaliculi
calciferi.
CANALICULI. plural of Canaliculus— c. Bili-
feri, Pori biliarii — c. of Bone, see Lacunae of
Bone.
CANALICULI CALCIF'ERI, Cuhiferous
catinls, (F.) CmialiritleH Ca/ci/ereo. Minute ca-
nnliculi, ol)scrvcd with the microscope, in the
cartilages of bones, which are full of calcareous
salts.
CANALICULI HAVERSIAXI, Canals, nu-
tritive — c. Lacrymales, Lachrymal ducts — c.
Limacum, Lachrymal ducts — c. Semicirculares,
Semicircular canals — e. Scminales, see Testicle
— c. Seminiferi, see Testicle — c. Vasculosi, Canals,
nutritive.
CANALICULUS, diminutive of canalis, 'a
channel.' A small channel. See Canaliculi.
CANALIS, Meatus — c. Alimentiirius, Canal,
alimentary — c. Arteriosus, Arterial duct — c.
Bichatii, Canal, arachnoid — c. Caualiculatus, Gor-
get — c. Caroticus, Carotid canal — c. Cervicis, see
Uterus — c. Deferens, Deferens vas — c. Eminen-
tife quadrigeminic. Aquicductus Sylvii — c. Fallo-
pii, Aquicductus Fallopii — c. Intcstinoruin, Intes-
tinal tube — c. L:icrymalis, Lachrj'mal or nasal
duct — c. Medius, Aijuicductus Sylvii — c. MedulUie
Spinalis, see Vertebral column — c. Nervous fistu-
losus renum, Ureter — c. OrbitiB nasalis. Lachry-
mal or naiial duct — c. Scalarum communis, In-
fundibulum of the cochlea — c. Semicircul.aris ho-
rizontalis, see Semicircular Canals — c. Semicif-
cularis verticalis posterior, sec Semicircular Ca-
nals — c. Semicircularis verticalis superior, see
Semicircular canals — c. Tympanicus, Canal, tym-
panic — c. Urinarius, Urethra — c. Vidianus, Pte-
rygoid canal.
CANALS OF HAVERS. Canals, nutritive —
e. Haversian, Canals, nutritive.
CajJALS, NuTltlTlVK, Canah for the nutrition
of bonei. Diictiix uiitrit"ii, Cnnnlic'uli vanculo'si
seu Narprnin'iii, Ifacer'nian Canah, Canah of
Ilnvern, (F.) C'inan.r nonrriciers ou rfu Nutrition
dea 08, Coiifiuils nonrriciers ou nutriciers. The
canals through which the vessels pass to the
bones. They are lined by a very fine lamina of
11
compact texture, or are formed in the texture
itself. There is, generally, one large nutritious
canal in a long bone, situate towards its middle.
CANAPACIA, Artemisia vulgaris.
CANARIES, CLIMATE OF. The climate
of the Canaries greatly resembles that of Ma-
deira. That of the latter, however, is more
equable, and the accommodation for invalids
much superior.
CANARIUM COMMUNE, see Amyris elemi-
fera.
CANARY-SEED, Phalaris Canariensis.
CANAUX AQUEUX, see Aqueous — c. Demi-
circuhiires, Semicircular canals — c. Ejaculafem^,
Ejaculatory ducts — c. Xourriciers, Canals, nutri-
tive — c. de Xntrition des o«, Canals, nutritive.
CANAUX DE TRAXSMISSTOX. Accord-
ing to Bichat, the bony canals intended to give
passage to vessels and nerves going to parts more
or less distant — as the Cann'lis Cnrof'icus, &c.
CANAUX VEINEUX, Venous Canah. The
canals situate in the diploe, which convey venous
blood.
CAN'CAMUM. A mixture of several gums
and resins, exjiorted from Africa, where it is used
to deterge wounds. Dioscorides calls, by the
name KayKafxov, the tears from an Arabian tree,
which are similar to myrrh, and of a disagree-
able taste. He advises it in numerous diseases.
This name is given, also, to the Anime.
CANCAMY, Anime.
CAN'CELLATED, CanceUa'tus,(¥.) Cancel! e ;
from Canoelti, 'lattice-work.' Formed of can-
celli, as the 'cancellated structure of bone'
CANCEL'LI, 'Lattice-work.' The Cellular
or Spnntjy Texture of Bones, (F.) Tissu celluleux ;
consisting of numerous cells, communicating with
each other. They contain a fatty matter, an.'ilo-
gnus to marrow. This texture is met with, prin-
oipally, at the extremities of long bones: nn<l
some of the short bones consist almost wholly of
it. It allows of the expansion of the extremities
of bones, without adding to their weight, and
deadens concussions.
CANCEL'LUS, from cancer, 'a crab.' A spe-
cies of crayfish, called the Wrong Heir, and Her-
nard the Hermit: which is said to cure rheuma-
tism, if rubbed on the part.
CANCER, 'a crab.' Car'cinos, Lupus eancro'-
siis. A disease, go called either on account of tha
hideous appearance which the ulcerated cancer
presents, or on account of the great veins which
surround it, and which the ancients compared to
the claws of the crab : called also Carcino'ma.
It consists of a scirrhous, livid tumour, inter-
sected by firm, whitish, divergent bands; and
occurs chiefly in the secernent glands. The
pains are acute and lancinating, and often extend
to other parts. The tumour, ultimately, termi-
nates in a fetid and ichorous ulcer, — Ulcui
cancro'sum. It is distinguished, according to its
stages, into occult, Cancer occul'tus, and open, ('.
aper'tus ; the former being the scirrhous, the
latter the ulcerated condition. At times, there is
a simple destruction or erosion of the organ, at
otliers, an enccphaloid or cerehriform, and, at
others, again, a colloid degeneration.
For its production, it requires a peculiar dia-
thesis, or cachexia. The following table, from
Dr. Walshe, exhibits the characters of the three
species of carcinoma :
The use of irritants in cancerous affections is
strongly to be deprecated. When the disease is
so situate that excision can be practised, and
the constitution does not exhibit great contami-
nation, the sooner it b removed the better.
CAXCER ALV£OLAIRE 162 CAXCER DE G ALIEN
Encephaloid.
Resembles lolmlated cerebral
matter.
Is cDiiimonly opake from its ear-
liest fcirmatioM.
Is of a (lead white colour.
Contains a multitude of minute
vessels.
Is less hard and dense than scir-
rhus.
Is frequently found in the veins
issuini; from the diseased mass.
'I'he (iredominatit microscopical
elements are Klobular, not always
distinctly cellular, and caudate cor-
pusrula.
Occasionally attains an enor-
moiis bulk.
Has bei^n observed in almost
every tissue of the body.
Very ronmionly co-e.\ists in se-
veral parts or organs of the same
subject.
Is remarkable for its occasional
vast rapidity of growth.
Is frequently the seat of insterti-
tial hemorrha^'e and deposition of
black or bistre-coloured matter.
When softened into a pulp, ap-
pears as a dead white or pink opake
matter of creamy consistence.
Subcutaneous tumours are slow
to contract adhesion with the skin.
Ulcerated encephaloid is fre-
quently the seat of hemorrhaire,
followed by rapid fungous develop-
ment.
The proffress of the disease after
ulceration is commonly very rapid.
It is the most common form un-
der which secondary cancer exhi-
bits itself
Is the species of cancer most fre-
quently observed in young subjects.
Scirrkus.
Resembles rind of bacon tra-
versed by celliilo-fibrous septa.
Has a semi-transparent glossi-
ness.
Has a clear whitish or bluish
yellow tint.
Is comparatively ill-supplied v\ itli
vessels.
Is e.vceedingly firm and dense.
Has not l)een distinctly detected
in this situalioM.
The main microscopical consti-
tuents are juxtaposed nuclear cells;
caudate corpuscular do not exist
in it.
Rarely acquires larger dimen-
sions than an orange.
Its seat as ascertained by ohser-
valiiui. is somewhat more limited.
Is not unusually solitary.
Ordinarily grows slowly.
Is comparatively rarely the seat
of these changes.
Resembles, when softened, a yel-
lowish brown semitransparent ge-
latinous mailer.
Scirrhus thus situate usually be-
comes aiheront.
Scirrhous nbers much less fre-
queiitlv five rise to hemnrrhaue ;
and fuiiffous growths (provided
they retain the scirrhous charac-
ter) are now more slowly and less
abuu'lantlv develojied.
There is not such a remarkable
change in the rate of progress of the
disease after ulceration has set in.
Is much less common before pu
berty.
Colloid.
lias the appearance of particles nf
jelly in hi id ni a reirnlar alveolar lied
'Jlie ciuilamed matter is stiiK
ini.'ly transparent.
Greenish yellow is its preilomi.
nam hue.
Its vessels linve not been stitR.
cieiitly examined as yet.
The jelly like vinller is exceed,
ingly soft ; a coll'ii<| mnss is, hew-
ever, firm and resisting.
The piiltaceous variety has been
dete( ted in the veins.
Is composed of shells in a state
of cmboitcment
Observes a mean in this respect
Has so far been seen in a liiiijtecl
number of parts only.
Has rarely been met with in more
than one organ.
Grows with a medium degree of
rapidity.
Undergoes no visible change of
the kind.
Has so far been observed in adiilla j
only.
CANCER ALVEOLAIRE, Colloid — c. Al-
veolaris, Colloid — c. Apertus, see Cancer.
Cancer AquAT'lCtTS, Gan'grenous stomati'tin,
Cnncrum Oris, Gangranop'sia, Canker of the
month, Gnn'grenous mre mouth, Gan'grcnous ern'-
sion of the cheek. Sloughing Phngeda'na of the
mouth, Writer Canker: called, also, Aphtha ser-
pen'tes, GangrcB'na Oris, Noma, Nome, Nomus,
Pseudocarcino'nia la'hii, Stomac'nre gniigrano'na,
CheUoc'aee, Uhc'ace, Uli'tls sep'tica, Cheilomn-
Wcia, Scorbu'tns Oris, Stomatomnla' cia pu'trida,
Stomatosep'sia, Stomatoneero'sis, Carhnn'cnlua
Inhio'rum et gena'ram, (F.) Cancer aqnatiqne,
Stomatile gangreneuse, S. Charhonneuse, Gangrene
ou Sphacke de la Bouche, Fegnrite, Aphthe gan-
grineux. Certain sloughing or gangrenous ulcers
of the mouth — so crtlled, perhaps, because they
are often accompanied with an afflux of snliva.
The disease is not uncommon in children's asy-
lums, asd demands the same treatment as hospi-
tal gangrene — the employment of caustics, and
internal and external antiseptics.
CANCER AQUATfQUE, Cancer aquaticus,
Stomncace — c. Areolaire, Colloid — e. Astacus, see
Canerornm cheliB — ^c. Black, Cancer melanotic—
c. of the Breast, Mastocareinoma — c. Camina-
riorum, Cancer, chimney-sweepers' — c. Cellular,
Eneephaloid — c. Cerehriforme, see Encephaloid.
Cancer, Chimney-sweepeus', Sootwnrt. Can-
cer mundito'rum seu purgato'ris infitmic'nli seu
eamm'irio'ntm. Cancer seu carcino'ma scroti, Os-
cheocarcino'ma^ Oachocarcino'ma, (F.) Cancer
des Ramoneiirs. This affection begins with a
superficial, painful, irregular ulcer, with hard and
elevated edges, occupying the lower part of the
scrotum. Extirpa-tion of the diseased part is the
only means of effecting a cure.
CANCER COLLOlDE, Colloid.
Cancer, Davidson's Remedy for, see Conium
maculatura.
CANCER DUE, Scirrhus.
CANCER EBURNE. A kind of waxy dege-
neration of the breast, so called by M. Alibert, hut
which appear-i to be in no way allied to cancer.
CANCER ENCEPHALO'tDE, Scirrhus-c.
Epithelial, see Epithelial — c. Fibreux, Scirrhus—
c. Fibrous, Scirrhous — c dn Fo-ie, Hepatosarcomie.
Cancer Gat^e'ni, (F.) Cancer de Galien. .\.
bandage for the head, to which Galen gave the
name cancer, from its eight heads resembling,
rudely, the claws of the crab. It is now sup-
plied by the bandage with six chefs or head;-,
which is called the Blindage of Galen or B. oj
the Poor.
CANCER DE GALIEN, Cancer Galeni — c.
Gelatiniform, Colloid — c. Gelatinous, Colloid— c.
Gommenx, Colloid — c. Hard, Scirrhus — c. Intes-
tinoruni, Enteropathia cancerosa — c. des InteHtim,
Enteropathia cancerosa — c. of the Lung, Phthisi.i,
cancerous — c. Lupus, Lupus — c. Mastoid, see
Mastoid cancer — c. Medullaris, Encephaloid— c.
Melteneus, Cancer, melanotic — c. 3felane, Cancer,
melanotic — c. Mel-anodes, Cancer, melanotic.
Cancer, Melanot'ic, Cancer me/ano'des, Cnr-
eino'nia melano'des seu mclanot'icnm seu mela-
iiens. Fungus melano'des, Mel'ano-carcino'wt,
Black or Mel' an aid Cancer, (F.) Cancer MelaM.
A combination of cancer and melanosis.
Cancer, Miltlike, see Miltlike.
CANCEREUX
163
CANITIES
Can'cer Mollis, see Encephaloid — c. Mou,
Enct'phaloid — c. Munditoruin, Cancer, chimney-
sweepers' — c. Nephroid, see Nephroid — c. Occul-
tus, see Cancer — c. Oculi, Scirrhophthalinus — c.
Oris, Stoinacace — c. Ossis, Spiira ventosa — c.
Piiaryngis et oesophagi, Laeinoscirrhus — c. Pul-
IdcS, Colloid — c. Purgatoris infuiniculi, Cancer,
chimney-sweepers' — c. des JidnKiueiun, Cancer,
chimney-sweepers' — c. Scirrhosus, Scirrhus — c.
Scroti, Cancer, chimney-sweepers' — c. Soft, UiB-
matodes fungus — c. Solanoid, see Solanoid — c.
S'i>iirrheiix, Scirrhus — c. of the Stomach, Gas-
irostenosis cardiaca et pylorica — c. Uteri, Metro-
carcinoma.
CAXCEREUX, Cancerous.
CANCER ROOT, Orobanehe Virginiana, Phy-
tolacca decandra — c. Weed, Uoodyera pubescens,
Salvia lyrata.
CANCEROMA, Carcinoma.
CAN'CEROUS, Cancro'sus, Carcino'sna, (F.)
Cmicireiix. Relating to cancer ; as Cancerous
ulcer, CouceroiiH (/iathevis,
CANCIIALAGUA, Chironia Chilensis.
CANCRENA, Gangrene.
CANCRODES, Cancroid.
CAN'CROID, K(i)ikroid, Cancro'des, Cancro'i'-
des, Uarciiio'des, C<irctiioiden, Cuiirroideus, from
cancer and £(i5of, ' form.' That which assumes a
cancerous appearance. Cancroid is a name given
to certain cutaneous cancers by Alibert: called
also Gheloid or Keloid, Chel'oh'n, Cau'crois, Ke-
loi'ilen, (j(^c\vi, 'a tortoise,' and ciSo;, 'likeness;'
or from itr/Ais, 'a spot or stain,' and ciioi, 'lilie-
ness;') Kelin, from their presenting a flattish
raised patch of integument, resembling the shell
of a tortoise.
Canckoid of the Skin, see Epithelial.
CANCROrS, see Cancroid.
CANCROMA, Carcinoma.
CANCRO'RUM CllEL^, Oc'uli sen Lap' ides
seu Lapil'li Caiicru'ruin, Concremen'ta As'taci
Jluvial' ilifi, Crab's stones or eyes, (F.) Yeux
d'^crevisse, Pierre d'Ecrevisse. Concretions found,
particularly, in the Cancer As'tacits or Cray-fish.
They consist of carbonate -iind phosphate of lime,
and possess antacid virtues, but not more than
chalk.
CANCROSUS, Cancerous, Chancrense.
CANCRUM ORIS, Cancer Aquaticus, Sto-
macace.
CANDELA, Bongie — c. Fumalis, Pastil — c.
Medicata, Tinnrjic — c. Regia, Verbaseum nigrum.
CANDELARIA, Verbasenm nigrum.
CANDI, Candnm, Canthiim, Can'tion, Candi/,
from candidus — 'white, bleached, purified.' Pu-
rified and crystallized sugar. See Saceharum.
CANDIDUM OVI, Albumen ovi.
CANDLE, Pupil.
Candi.k, Mkiu'u'rial. A candle made of wax
and rermilion for mercurial fumigation.
Candlk Thee, Parmentiera cerifera.
CANDY, Candi.
CANDYTUFT, BITTER, Iberis amara..
CANE, SUGAR, see Saceharum — c. Sweet,
Acorus calamus.
CAXEFfCfER, Cassia fistula.
CAXELA, Nectandra cinnamomoides.
CAXELE, Grooved.
CANELLA, see Canella alba.
Caxel'la Alba, diminutive of cawiin, 'a reed.'
A West India tree. Fam. Magnoliacea; : Sex.
Sysl. Dodecandria Mmiogynia, It is so called
because its bark is rolled up like a reed. C'ntex
Wintrra'nns spn'rins, Canella Cnha'na seu irt'ii-
tera'nia, Cinnamo'nmm allmni. Cortex Autiscor-
hu'ticHS seu Aromnl'ieiis, Castas conico'sns, Ca-
mtii'yn, Canella (Ph. U. S.), Canella Bark, (F.)
Candle ou Vanelle blanche, Fausse Ecorce de
Winter, Ecorce Cariocostine ; Ord. Guttiferae, is
a pungent aromatic. Its virtues are partly ex-
tracted by water; entirely by alcohol. It is a
stimulant, and is added to bitters and cathartics.
CANfcLLA Cauyopiiyi.lata, Myrtus caryophyl-
lata — c. Cubana, C. alba, Lauras cassia — c. Mala-
barica et Javensis, Laurus cassia.
CANELLIFERA M ALAB ARIC a, Laurus
cassia.
CANEPIN, (F.) A fine lamb's skin or goat's
skin, used for trying the quality of lancets.
CANICACEOUS, Furfuraceous.
CAN'ICiE. Meal, in which there is much
bran. Also, coarse bread; or bread in which
there is much bran — Panis Canica'ceus.
CANICIDA, Aconitum.
CANIC'ULA; the Dogstar, from canis, 'a dog;*
Tlctfitoi, Sirius, (F.) Canicule. This star, which
gives its name to the Doydai/s, Vies canicida'res,
because they commence when the sun rises with
it, was formerly believed to exert a powerful in-
fluence on the animal economy. The Dogdays
occur at a period of the year when there is gene-
rally great and oppressive heat, and therefore —
it has been conceived — a greater liability to dis-
ease.
CANTF, Knife.
CAN IX, Canine.
CANINAN^E RADIX, Cainca? radix.
CANINE, Cani'nns, Ci/n' ici(s, i'rvm canis, 'a
dog,' (F.) Canin. That wliich has a resemblance
to the structure, Ac, of a dog.
Canine Fossa, Fossa Cani'nn, Tnfra-orbitar or
Snhorhitar fossa, (F.) Fosse Canine. A small
depression on the superior maxillary bone, above
the dens caninns. which gives attachment to thft
caninus or levator ani/nti oris muscle.
Canine LaL'GH, Sardon'ic laugh, llisns Cani'-
niis seu Sardon'icus seu Sardo'nins seu Sardaniot
seu de Sardo'nia seu involunta'rius seu sjnis'ticus,
Turtu'ra seu DIstor'sio Oris, Gelas'mns, Sardi'~
asis, Sardoni'asis, Trismus Sardon'icus seu ci/n'-
icHS, Spasmus musculorwn facie i seu ci/n'icus, Pro-
sopnspas'mus, (F.) His canin, li. S<irdonique^ R,
Sardouien, R. ino<iuenr. A sort of laugh, the facial
expression of which is produced particularly by
the spasmodic contraction of the Caninus muscle.
Probably, this expression, as well as Cynic Spasm,
Spasmus cani'nus seu cyn'icus, Convul'sio cani'ua.
Trismus eyn'icus, may have originated in the re-
semblance of the affection to certain movements
in the upper lip of the dog. The Risus Sardon'-
icus is said to have been so called from similar
symptoms having been induced by a kind of
Ranunculus — R. scelera'tus — that grows in Sar-
dinia.
Canine Teeth, Denies Cani'ni seu Lania'rii
seu angula'res seu cuspida'ti seix columella' res seu.
oeula'res seu morden'tes, Cyuodon'tes, Eye Teeth,
Pug Teeth, (F.) Dents cauinrs ou laniaires ou an-
gidaires ouoculaires ou <rilleres ou cono'ides. The
teeth between the lateral incisors and small mo-
lares of each jaw ; — so named because they re-
semble the teeth of the dog.
CANINUS, Levator anguli oris — e. Sentis,
Rosa canina — c. Spasmus, see Canine Laugh.
CANIRAM, Strvchnos nux vomica.
CANIRAMINl'M, Brueine.
CANIRUBUS. Rosa oaiiina.
CANIS INTKHFECTOR, Veratrum sabadilla
— c. Poiiticus, Castor fiber.
CAN1T"IES. from canus, 'white.' Rlnnching,
Whiteness or grayness of the hair, and especially
of that of the head — Trichon'osis polio'sis. (F.)
Canitie. When occurring in conscq'.ience of old
age, it is not a disease. Sometimes it happens
suddenly, and apparently in consequence of severe
mental emotion. The causes, however, are not
clear. See Poliosis.
CANKER
164
CAPBERN
CAXKER, Stomacace — c. of the Mouth, Can-
cer aqu.itieiis.
CAXKKR RASH, see Cynanche maligna,
CANKER, WATER, Cancer aquaticus.
C A N N A, see Tunn-les-Mois, Cassia fistula,
Trachea — e. Brachii, Ulna — c. Domestica cruris.
Tibia — e. Edulis, '''ous-les-Mois — c. Fistula, Cas-
sia fistula — c. i.idica, Sagittarium alexipharuia-
cum — ('. JIajor, Tibia — c. Minor, Fibula, Radius
— c. Soluiiva, Cassia fistula — c. Starch, Tous-les-
Mois.
CANNABIN, Bangue.
CANNAB'INA, from Kavvafiig, 'hemp.' Reme-
dies composed of Cannabis Indiea. — Pereira.
Caxn'abina AguATicA, Eupatorium canna-
biniim.
CANNABIS INDICA, Bangue. See, also,
Churrus.
Can'xabis Sati'va, (F.) Cham^re, Ghamhrie.
The seed of this — Hempxeed, Sf.m'iiia Cnn'nubin,
(F.) Clietievis — is oily and mucilaginous. The
decoctiiin is sometimes used in gonorrhoea.
CANNACORUS RADICE CROCEA, Curcuma
longa.
CANyA3fELLE, see Saccharum.
CAKXE AROMATIQUE, Acorus calamus —
c. C<>v(jo, Costus — c. de Uioiere, Costus — c. &
Sucre, see Sacoharum.
CANXEBERGE, Vaccinium oxycoccos — c.
Ponctiif'e, Vaccinium vitis idiea.
CANNEL, Laurus cinnamomum.
CANNKL-BONE, Clavicle.
CANNEL-WATER, Aqua cinnamomi.
CANXELE ou CAXELE (F.), from cannlis,
'a canal.' Sn/ca'tiis, Stria' tits, Canaliculii'tns.
Having SI canal or groove — as J/»»c/e cannele
(Lieutaud), the Gemini; Corps cinnicles ou stries,
the Corpora striata; Sonde cannelee, a grooved
sound, kc. See Crooved.
CANNELL BAYNE, Clavicle.
C A X X E Ij L E, Laurus cinnamomum — c.
Blnnche, Canella alba — c. de la Chine, Laurus
cassia — c. de Corornaiidel, Laurus cassia — - c.
Fausse, Laurus cassia — e. Giro/lee, Myrtus cary-
ophyllata — c. des Indes, Laurus cassia — c. de
Jr(i-ii, Laurns cassia — c. de 31<ilabar, Laurus cas-
sia — c. Matte, Laurus cassia — c. Officinale, Lau-
rus cinnamomum — c. J'oivree, see Wiutera aro-
matica.
CANNULA. Canula.
CANNULiE PULMONUM, Bronchia.
CANOPUM, see Sambucus.
CANOR STETHOSCOPICUS, Tintement me-
talliqne.
CANQUOIN'S CAUSTIC PASTE, Pasta zinci
chloridi.
CANTABRICA, Convolvulus Cantabrica.
CANTABRUNO. Furfur.
CANTARELLUS, Meloe proscarabaeus,
CANTATIO, Charm.
CANTEL, Vertex.
CANTERBURY, WATERS OF, Aqnm Can-
tuarie7i'ees. The veaters of Canterbury, in Kent,
England, are impregnated with iron, sulphur,
and carbonic acid.
CANTERIUM, Cantherius.
CAXTIIARJDE T ACHE tee, Lytta vittata.
CANTHARIDINE, gee Cantharis.
CAN'TIIARIS, from Kav^apa^, 'a scarahcens'
0. vesicfito'ri<(, 3Iusca Hispaiiicn, Mel'oe vesica-
to'rins. Lijtla vesicato'ria, tHii'terinf/ Fli/, niister-
Jiy, Blix'terbeetle, Spanish Fly, Fly, (F.) Cantlia-
rides, Mouches, M. d'Espagne. This fly — Order,
Coleopterte — originally, perhaps, a native of
Italy and Spain, is now found in France, Ger-
many, Hungary, Russia, Siberi.a, and England.
It is, however, rare in the last-named country.
It is found in species of OleaoeaB — as the ash,
privet, and lilac j and of Caprifoliaceae — as the
elder and loniccra. It is much employed in me-
dicine, and is the most common vesicatory.
Given internally, and even when absorbed from
the skin, it atttK-ts the urinary organs, e.xciiing
strangury. Tbis may bo prevented, in ca.scs t>(
blisters, by interposing between tlio blistcriii»
plaster and skin a piece of tissue-paper. Dilu-
ents relieve the strangury. Dose, half a gniiii
to one grain. If kept dry, the flies will retain
their activity for many years. Their active prin-
ciple — Can'tharidin, Cuntharidi'iia — has been
separated from them.
Cantharis vrslcittoria is the ordinary blisterin"
insect used in Europe.
Cantharis seu Lytta vittn'ta, (which see,) and
C. ntra'ta, C. maryina'ta, and C. finc'rea, of
America; 0. ntoma'ria, of Brazil; C. ru'fivenn,
of Sumatra and Java; C. gigas, Lytta caru'ka,
of Guinea and the East Indies; C. viuln'ew,
Lytta gigas mas, of the East Indies; C.Syr'iuca,
Lytta seg'etnii), of Arabia; Myla'bris, 31, pviic-
td'ta, 31. pnstiila'ta, and 3L cicho'rii, of Cbinn
and the East Indies ; 3feloe proscarabce'itu, aii'l
3f. majii'lis or True 3Iayworni — possess siaiilur
properties.
CANTIIE'RIUS, Cantc'rium. The cross-pieoe
of wood in the apparatus used by Hippocrates for
reducing luxations of the humerus.
CANTHI'TIS. Inflammation of the canlbus
of the eye.
CANTIIIUM CORONATUM, Randia dumc-
torum.
CA'STllOI'LAS'TJCE,Oan'thoplasty,(F.)Caii.
thoplastie, from Kav^og, • the angle of the eye,' iunl
TtXaoTiKoi, 'formative.' The formation, by plastic
operation, of the angle of the eye. An operation
proposed by Ammon, when the eyelids are not
sufficiently cleft.
CANTHUM, Candi.
CANTHUS, Epicaii'this, An'gulus ocxdn'rin,
Fons lacryma'riim. The corner or angle of the
eye. The greater canthus is the inner ainjle,
Jlircvs, Hir'quns, Rhanter ; the lesser caiilhm,
the outer angle, 'Parop'in, Pegn.
CANTIA'NUS PULVIS, 'Kent Powder.' A
cordial powder, known under the name 'C'tiKiiteea
of Kent's Poicder,' composed of coral, amber,
crabs' eyes, prepared pearls, <fec. It was given
in cancer.
CANTION, Candi.
CAN'ULA, Can'nula, Au'liscns, Aitlos. Di-
minutive of CanH(t, 'a reed;' Tu'bnlus, (F.) C'u-
n\de ou Cannule. A small tube of gold, silver,
platinum, iron, lead, wood, elastic gum, or gutta
percha, used for various purposes in surgery.
CA'OUTCHOUC. The Indian name fur /»-
dian Rubber, Elas'tic Gum, Gum Elastic, Guiiimi
elas'ticuvi, Cauchvc, Resi'na elas'tica seu Cuyeii-
nen'sis, Cayenne Pesin, Cautchue, (F.) GumiiK
elastique, Pestne ilastique ou de Cayenne. A
substance formed from the milky juice of //(b'i'c''
seu Hevea Guianen'sis, Jat'rojiha elas'tica, Si-
piho'nia Cahuchu, S. elas'tica, Seringue 7Vef, anil
of Fious Indiea, and Artocar'pua inlegrifo'liu: —
South American trees. It is insoluble in water
and alcohol ; but boiling water softens and swells
it. It is soluble in the essential oils and in ether,
when it may be blown into bladders. It is used
in the fabrication of catheters, bougies, pessaries,
&c.
CAP, PITCH, see Depilatory.
CAPACITY, LUNG, see Vital Capacity -c.
Pulmonic, see Vital Capacity.
C.'VPA-ISIAKKA, Bromelia ananas.
CAPBERN, WATERS QV. Cai.hern is in
the department Hautes-Pyr6n6es, France. The
waters contain sulphates ami carbonates of lime
and magnesia, and chloride of magnesium. Tem-
perature, 7J° Fahrenheit. They are purgative.
CATELET
105
CArSICUM
CAPELET, Myrtus carophyllata.
CAPELI'NA, CopeUi'un, (F.) QipcUne. A
Woiiian'H lliil, in French ; Ctijiin'trum, from caput,
' heii'l.' A sort of handaj^e, which, in shajie, re-
sembles a riding-hood. Tlicre are .several kinds
of Udj/c/iiiKu : — 1. That of the hea<l, O. tie la tete,
Fuf'cia ciipltu'lin. See Jioiiiiet d'lllppocrate. C.
of the clavicle., employed in fractures of the acro-
mion, clavicle, and spine of the scapula. C. of an
aiiipiiiitled limb — the bandage applied round the
stump.
CAPKLLINA, Capelina.
CAl'Kll BUSH, Capparis spinosa.
CAI'Hll PLANT, Euphorbia lathyria.
CAPERS, see Capparis spinosa.
CAPEI'US, Im perforation.
CAPMORA, Camphor.
CAPIIURA, Camphor.
CAPILLAIRE, Capillary, see Adiantum
cnpillus veneris — e. dii Caimda, Adiantum pe-
datuin — c. de JHontpellier, Adiantum capillus
veneris.
CAPILLAMEN'TUM, from capillus, 'a hair,'
C(ipiUit"iuni, Trichii'ma, Trichuma'tiun. Any
villous or hairy covering. Also, a small fibre or
fibril.
CAP'ILLARY, Capilln'ria, Capilla'ceun, from
capilliin, 'a hair.' {¥.) Capillaire. Hair-like;
small.
Cac'illauy Vessels, Vaaa capilln'ria, Mi-
crtiiKjI'a, Tricliaiit/i'a, (F.) Vaisscaux eapi/laircs,
CafiiHicuIcK, are the extreme radicles of the ar-
teries and veins, which together constitute the
cupidaiy, intermediate, or j)eripheral vascular
stjHtem — the mclhai'mata or nielliceinatoiia blood-
channels of Dr. Marshall Hall. They possess an
action distinct from that of the heart, but not one
of rhythmic contraction and dilatation. Formerly,
it was conceived that white vessels — Vasa scro'sa
— or vessels so minute as not to admit red cor-
]iuscles, were distributed to the tissues which do
not receive red blood.
CAPILLATIO, Trichismus.
CAPILLATUS, Tmpuber.
CAl'lLLWULES, Capillary vesse.s.
CAPILLITIUM, Capillamentum, EDtropion,
Scalp.
CAPILLORUM DEFLITVIUM, Alopecia.
CAPIL'LUS, quasi Capitix PiUis, Coma, Ch(pte,
Criiiiti, PiluH, Thri.r, Vmsa' ries, (F.) Chevcu.
This term is generally apfilied to the hair of the
head, /'///' seu Ilnuor cap'itis, the characters of
which vary according to races, individuals, &c.
Hairs arise in the areolar membrane, where the
bulb is placed, and are composed of two parts- —
tiiie, external, transparent, and of an epidermoid
cluiracter; the other, internal and stii fjeneris,
which, in the opinion of some, communicates to
tliein their colour. The hair is insensible, and
grows from the root.
Capii.i.us Vexeius, Adiantum capillus veneris
— c. V. Canadensis, Adiantum pedatum.
CAPIPLE'NIUM, Capitiple'tiinm, from caput,
' the head,' nni\ plenum, 'full.' A word employed
with different significations. A variety of catarrh.
— Schneider. A heaviness or disorder in the
bead c(unmon at Rome, like the (caf>i;/3ii/<iu, Care-
biiria, of the Greeks. — Baglivi.
CAPISTRATIO, Phimosis.
CAPISTRUM, Capeline, Chevestre, Trismus—
e. Auri, IJora.x.
Caims'tuum, Phimos, Cemos, kvho^, 'a halter.'
This name has been given to several bandages
for the head. See Capeline, Chevestre.
CAPITALTA REMEUIA, Cephalic remedies.
CAPITALIS, Cephalic.
CAPITELEUM, Alembic, see Caput.
CAPITEUX, Heady.
CAPITILU'VIUM.from eaput,<th<i head,' and
lavare, ' to wash.' A bath for the head.
CAPITIPLENIUM, Capiplenium.
CAPITIPUROIA, Caput purgia.
CAPITIT'RAHA, from caput, 'the head,' and
trahcre, 'to draw.' Instruments which, like the
forceps, draw down the head of the foetus when
impacted in the pelvis.
CAPITO'NES, from caput,' the hcn.(].' Macro-
ceph'ali, Proceph'ali. Foetuses whose heads are
so large as to render labour difiicult. The con-
dition is called Macrocejjha'lia.
CAPITULUM, Alembic, Condyle, see Caput
— c. Costae, see Costa — c. Laryngis, Corniculum
laryngis — c. Martis, Eryngium campestre — c.
Santorini, Corniculum laryngis.
CAPITULUVIUM, Bath (head).
CAPNISMOS, Fumigation.
CAPNITIS, Tutia.
CAPNOIDES CAVA, Fumaria bulbosa.
CAPNORCHIS, Fumaria bulbosa.
CAPNOS, Fumaria.
CAPON, Caqot.
CAPON SPRINGS. A pleasant summer re-
treat, situated in a gorge of the North Mountain,
in Hampshire co., Va., 2.3 miles W. of Winchester.
The waters in the vicinity are sulphurous and
chalybeate; — those at the springs alkaline and
diuretic.
CAPOT, Caqot.
CAP'PARIS SPINO'SA, Cap'parU, Capper,
Ca'pria, Prickl)/ Caper Hush, (F.) Cdprier. Ord.
Capparideic. Sejc. Sijst. Polyandria Monogynia.
The bark of the root and the buds have been es-
teemed astringent and diuretic. The buds are a
well-known pickle — Capers, (F.) Cdpres. •
Cai'I'Aius Baduc'ca, liaduL-'ha. A species of
caper, cultivated in India on account of the beauty
of its flowers. The Orientals make a liniment with
its juice, with which they rub pained parts. The
flowers are purgative.
CAPPONE, WATERS OF. At Cappone, in the
isle of Ischia, are waters containing carbonate of
soda, chloride of sodium, and carbonate of lime.
"Temp. 100° Fahr.
CAPREOLA'RIS, from capreolus, 'a tendril.'
CisstiVdes, Elicin'des, (F.) Capreolaire. Twisted.
CAprtEOLA'uiA Vasa. Some have called thus
the s[)ermatic arteries and veins, on account of
their numerous contortions.
CAPREOLUS, Helix.
CAPRES, see Capparis spinosa.
CAPRIA, Capparis spinosa.
CAPRICORNUS, Plumbum.
CAP PIER, Capparis spinosa.
CAPRIFOLIA, Lonicera periclymenum.
CAPRIFOLIUMDISTINCTUM.Lonicerape-
riclymenum — c. Periclymenum, Lonicera pericl^'-
menum — c.Sempervivens, Lonicera sempervivens,
— c. Svlvaticum, Lonicera periclj'meuum.
CAPRILOQUIUM. Egophony.
CAPRIZANS PULSUS, see Pulse, caprizant.
CAPSA, Boite, Capsule, Case — c. Cordis, Peri-
cardium.
CAPSARIUM. 7?o;/;cr.
CAPSELLA BURSA PASTORIS, Thlaspi
bursa.
CAPSICUM, see Capsicum nnnuum.
Cap'sicum An'nuiim, C. Hinpau'lcnm, from
/cajTTu, 'I bite.' The systematic name of the plant
whence, in part, Cayenne Pepper is obtained, —
Piper In'dicum seu llispau' Icum seu Brazilia'-
num seu Guineen'se seu Calecu'ticum seu Tur'ci-
cum seu Lusitan'icum, Sola'num urens, Siliquas'-
trum Plin'ii, Cayenne or Guinea or Chilli Pepper,
Garden Ginger, (F.) Piment, Poivre d' Inde, Poivra
de Guinee, Corail des Jar-dins. Orde', Solaneae.
The pungent, aromatic properties of BacccB Cap.
CArSIQUE
166
CARANNA
«?'c»*, Cap'ffdim Berries, Capaicinn (Ph. U. S.), are
yielded to ether, alcohol, and water. They are
highly stimulant and rubefacient, and are used as
a condiment. Their active principle is called
Cdpniein.
Capsici'm Hispanicum, Capsicum annuum.
CAPSIQUE, Capsicum annuum.
CAPSITIS, see Phacitis.
CAPSULA, liintier — c. Articularis, Capsular
ligament — c. Cordis, Pericardium — c. Dentis,
Dental follicle — c. Ilumoris aquei, see Aqueous
humour of the eye — c. Lentis, see Crystalline — c.
Nervorum, Neurilemma — c. Sequestralis, see
Sequestrum.
CAPSULE SEMINALES, Vesiculae S. — c.
Synoviale.', Bursas mucosjB.
CAPSULA IRE, Capsular.
CAP'SULAR, Cnpxida'ris, (F.) Capsulaire.
Belating to a eapsula or capsule.
Capsulak ARTEniES, Stiprare'nal Arteries and
Veins. Vessels belonging to the suprarenal cap-
sules. They are divided into superior, middle,
and inferior. The first proceed from the inferior
phrenic, the second from the aorta, and the third
from the renal artery The corresponding veins
enter the phrenic, vena cava, and renal.
Capsular Catapact, see Cataract.
Capsulau Lig'ament, Ligamen'tum capsula're,
Cop'siila nrtifuhi' vis, Artic'ular or Fibrous cap-
side, (F.) Li(/anient erijisiilaire, Capsule articu-
laire, Cupstde Jibreux, kc. Membranous, fibrous,
and elastic bags or capsules, of ,a vfhitish consist-
ence, thick, .and resisting, which surround joints.
CAPSULE, Cap'siila, Capsn, a box, or case,
(F.) Capsule. This name has been given, by ana-
tomists, to parts bearing no analogy to each other.
Capsule, BowJtAN's, see Kidney — c. Cellular,
of the Eye, see Eye — e. Fibrous, Cap.-sular liga-
ment.
Capsule, Gelat'inous, Cap'snla gelat'inm,
(F.) Capside gflafincitse. Capsule of gelatin. A
modern invention by which copaiba and other
disagreeable oils can be enveloped in gelatin so
as to conceal their taste.
Capsule of Glisson, Cap'sula Glisso'nii seu
commu'nis Glisso'.nii, Vagi'nn Portce, V. Glis-
so'nii. a sort of membrane, described by Glis-
son, which is nothing more than dense areolar
membrane surrounding the vena porta and its
ramifications in the liver.
Capsule of the Heart, Pericardium— c. Ocu-
lar, see Eye.
Capsule, Renal, Suprare'nnl or Atrahil'-
iary C, Renal Gland, Glan'dula snprarena'lis,
Cap'snla rena'lis seu snprarena'lis seu atrahilia'-
ris, Iie?t snccentnria'ins, JVrphrii/'inm, (F.) Cap-
sule surr^nale ou atrabiliairc. A flat triangular
body, which covers the upper part of the kidney,
as with a helmet. A hollow cavity in the interior
contains a brown, reddish or yellowish fluid. The
renal capsules were long supposed to be the secre-
tory organs of the fancied atrabilis. They are
much larger in the foetus than in the adult.
They are probably concerned in lymphosis.
A sinjfular condition of cachexia, the leading
characteristics of which are anaemia, general lan-
guor and debility; remarkable feebleness of the
heart's action ; irritability of the stomach, and a
peculiar bronzed skin, was first described by Dr.
Thos. Addison, of London, as connected with a
diseased condition of the supra-renal capsules.
It has been proposed to call it the Disease of Ad-
dison. (F.) Mahulie d' Addison.
Capsule, Sem'inal, Cap'snla semina'lis. Bar-
Tholine thus designates the extremity of the vas
deferens, which is sensibly dilated in the vicinity
of the vesiculpB seminales. Some anatomists ap-
ply this name to the vesiculae themselves.
Capsule, Svno'vial, Capsula Synovia'lis. A
membranous bag, surrounding the movable art!-
culations and canals, which gives j)assage to ten-
dons. Synovial capsules exhale, from their arti-
cular surface, a fluivl, whose function is to favour
the motions of parts upon each other. See Bursa
mucos.a, and Synovia, ^
CAPSULE SURRENALE ou ATRADI.
LIARE, Capsule, renal.
CAPSULITIS, see Phacitis.
CAP UC HON, Trapezius.
CAPUCINE, Tropasolum majus.
CAPULIES, Prunus capulin.
CAPULUS, Scrotum.
CAPUT, ' the head.' Also, the top of a bone
or other part, (F.) Tete.^ The head of smnll
bones is sometimes termed capil'nlum,capilell'iim,
cephalid'inm, ceph'alis, ce2)hal'ium. Also, iLe
glans penis.
Caput Asper^ ArterIjE, Larynx — c. Coli,
Cajcum — c. Gallrnaceum, see Gallinaginis eiiput
— c. Gallinaginis, see Gallinaginis ca])ut — c. Go-
nitale, Glans — c. Lubricum, Penis — c. Major, see
Epididymis — c. Minor, see Epididymis — c. Md-
nachi, Leontodon Taraxacum — c. Obstipum, Tor-
ticollis — c. Penis, Glans.
Caput Pur'gia, Cajiitijnir'gia. Remedies,
which the ancients regarded as proper for purg-
ing the head : — errhines, sternutatories, apophliij.
matisantia, &c. Prosper Alpinus makes tlie caput
pnrgia to be the same as errhines ; and the tijjn.
j)hlegniatisnii the same as the masticatorios of
the moderns.
Caput Scapulae, Acromion.
Caput Succeda'neum. A term sometimes used
for the tumefied scalp, which first presents in
certain cases of labour.
Caput Testis, Epididymis.
CAQUE-SANGUE, Cague-sangne. OldFrench
words which signify Bloody evacuations, (F.) De-
jections sanguinolentes. They come from cocare,
' to go to stool,' and sanguis, ' blood.' Under
this term yras comprehended every affection in
which blood is discbarged from the bowels.
CARA SCHULLI, Frutex In'dicvs spino'sm,
Barle'ria buxifo'lia. A Malabar plant, which,
when applied externally, is maturative and resol-
vent. The decoction of its root is used, in the
country, in ischuria.
CARABAC'CIUM. An aromatic wood of In-
dia, of a yellowish colour, and a smell like that
of the clove. Its decoction and infusion are
given as stomachics and antiscorbutics.
CAR'ABUS. A genus of coleopterous insects.
Two species, the cJirysoceph'alus und ferniyin'eva
have been recommended for the toothach. They
must be pressed between the fingers, and then
rubbed on the gum and tooth afi'ected.
CARACTERE, Character, Symbol.
CARAGNA, Caranna.
CARAMATA, Arumari. A tree in the inland
part.s of Pomeroon. It furnishes a febrifuge bark,
which Dr. Hancock says may be used in typhoid
and remittent fevers where cinchona is either
useless or pernicious.
CARAMBOLO, Averrhoa carambola.
CARAMEL, Sac'clinrum percoc'tum seu ton-
turn. Sugar subjected to the action of heat, until
it is partly decomposed, deliquescent, of a brown
colour, and a strong, agreeable and empyreumatic
odour.
CARAN'NA, Carngna, Tacamaha'ca, Carngm,
Caran'na Gummi, G. Brel'isis, Gum Carnn'un,
(F.) Caragne, Gomme Caragne ou Carane. A
gum-resinous substance, which flows from a large
tree in New Spain, and is ol)tained from South
America in impure masses. It preserves its soft-
ness for a long time, has an aromatic smell, and
a slightly acid and bitter taste. It was formerly
used as a vulnerary and in plasters.
CARAWAY
1C7
CARCINOMA
CARAWAY, Carum.
CARAWAY SEE OS, see Carum.
CAKItASA, Lintouin. i
CARBA8US, Lintcutn. \\
CARB<>, ('nrhoii, (F.) Carhone. An elemen-
tary I'o'lyi extensively distributed in nature; but
of whieli the two following forms are officinal in
the Pliartnacopceia of the United States. Also,
a coal, charcoal.
Caubo Lioni, Charcoal (F.) Chnrhon. Fresh
Charcoal is antiseptic. It is used to improve the
digestive organs in cases of worms, dyspepsia,
Ac ; as a cataplasm to gangrenous and fetid
ulcers, tinea, Ac, and forms a good tooth-powder.
Dose, gr. X to fjj. Also, Anthrax.
Cakdo Anima'lis, V. cfimis, Am'mnl chnrconl,
(F.) ClKirhon (inimiil, usually prepared by sub-
jecting bones to a red heat in close vessels. The
result is Bone bluck, commonly called Ivory blnch.
(F.) Noir animul ou d'os. It is given in the
same eases as Varbo Lifjui, an<l has been extolled
in cancer. Dose, gr. ss to gr. iij. ]
The Pharmacopoeia of the United States con- I
tains a formula for the preparation of Cakbo
Anima'i.is Purifica'tus, I'lirified animal char-
coal (Carbon, animal, tbj ; Acid muriat., Aqucp, j
ail f,^xij). Pour the muriatic acid, previously
mixed with the water, gradually upon the char-
coal, and digest with a gentle heat for two days,
occasionally stirring the mixture. Having al-
lowed the undissolved portion to subside, pour
ofl' the supernatant litjuor, wash the charcoal fre-
quently with water until it is entirely free from
acid, and lastly dry it.
Caubo Fos'sins, Lithnnthrax, Stone conl.
Caubo Huma'num. The human excrement. —
Paracelsus.
Cahbo Ligsi, Carbo — c. Mineralis, Graphites
— e. I'alpebrarum, Authracosis — c. Spongias,
Spongia usta.
C.\RRON, Carbo — c. Sesqui-iodide of, Carbonis
8es((ui-iodidum — c. Bisulphuret of, Carbonis sul-
plniretum — c. Sesquichloride of, Carbonis trichlo-
ridum — c. Sulphide of, Carbonis sulphuretum — c.
Sulphuret of, Carbonis sulphuretum— c. Terchlo-
ride of, Carbonis trichloridum, see Chloroform.
CAR'BONAS or CARBO'NAS. A carbonate.
(F.) Carbonate. A salt, formed by the combina-
tion of carbonic acid with a salifiable base.
Cahbonas Natricum, Sodae carbonas — c. Plum-
bicus, Plumbi subcarbonas.
CARBONATE D'AMMONIAQUE, Ammo-
nia! carbonas.
CAR'BONATED, Carbona'tus, Aera'tux, (P.)
Carhone, Aeri. That which is impregnated with
carbonic acid.
CAUBONE, Ciirbon — c. Trichlorure de, Car-
bonis trichloridum.
CA H n XK, Carbonated.
CAHBONEIJM CJILORATUM, Chloroform.
CARBON'IC ACID, Ac"idum Carbon' icum,
Solid Air of Ifales, Factitioun or Fixed Air,
Carbona' ceouK or Calca'reoim or Aerial or ilephit'-
ic Acid, Mephit'ie Air, Spir'itn» letha'lin, (F.)
Avide Carbonique. This gas, which neither sup-
ports respiration nor combustion, is not often
used in medicine. It is the main agent in effer-
vescent draughts, fermenting poultices, Ac. It
is often found occupying the lower parts of mines
— when it is called the choke damp — caverns,
tombs, wells, brewers' vats, Ac, and not unfre-
quently has been the cause of death. Lime
thrown into such places soon absorbs the acid.
CARBON'IS SESQUICHLORIDUM, Carbonis
trichloridum.
CARBO'NIS SESQUI-IOD'IDUM, C. Sesqni-
lodiire'tum. Sesqiii-J'odide or SeKqiii-Iod'itret of
Carbon. This is made by mixing concentrated
alcoholic solutions of iodine and potassa, until
the former loses its colour ; a solution is obtained
from which water throws down a yellow precipi-
tate — the sesqui-iodide of carbon. It has been
used in enlarged glands and in some cutaneous
affections, apiilied externally, (,^S3 to ^vj of
cerate). See Iodoform.
Carbo'.N'IS Sulphure'tum, Sidph'tirin Carbn-
re'tvm, Sulphure'tum, seu Sul'Jidum Carbo' nii,
Carbo'niiim Snlphura'tum, Al'cohol Siil'phtiris,
Bisntphnre'tum Carbo'nii, Sulphnret, Sulphide or
JilHidphnret of Carbon, Carburet of Sulphur, (Y.)
Su/fure de Carbon e,Carbure de Soufre,Soufre Car-
bnre, Alcool de Sotifre. This transparent, colour-
less fluid, which has a very penetrating, disa-
greeable odour, and a taste which is cooling at
first, but afterwards acrid and somewhat aroma-
tic, is a diffusible excitant. It is diaphoretic,
diuretic, and has been said to have proved em-
menagogue. It is also used in nervous diseases
as an antispasmodic. Dose, one drop to four,
repeated frequently.
It is used externally, where a cooling influence
has to be rapidlj' exerted, and has been inhaled
as an anaesthetic.
Carbo'nis Tiuchlo'ridum, C. Sesqni-chlo'ri-
dum, Terehloride or Sexquicldnride of Carbon,
i (F.) Trirhlorure ou Sesquichlorurede Carhone, is
formed by the action of Chlorine on Chlorohy-
dric ether, under the influence of sun-light. It has
been given in cholera, and applied to correct the
fetor of foul ulcers. Dose, four grains or more.
I CARBONIUM SULPIIURATUM, Carbonis
sulphuretum.
CARBUNCLE, Anthrax.
I Carbuncle, Fungous, Terminthus.
Carbuncle of the Tongue, Glossanthrax — c.
Berry, Terminthus.
CARBUNCLED FACE, Outta rosea.
CARBUNCIILAR EXANTIIEM. Anthracia.
CARBUNCULATIO OCULI, Blepharanthra-
cosis.
CARBUNCULUS, Anthrax — c. Anginosus,
Cyn.anche maligna — c. Contagiosus, see Anthra.x
— c. Gallicus, see Anthrax — c. llungaricus. see
Anthrax — c. Labiorum et genarum, Cancer aqua-
ticus — c. Polonieus, see Anthrax — c. Pulmonum,
Nccropneumonia — c. Septentrionalis, see Anthrax.
Carbun'culus Ri'Bi'nus. a red, shining, and
transparent stone, from the Isle of Ceylon ; for-
merly emploj'ed in medicine as a preservative
against several poisons, the plague, Ac.
Caubunculus Ulcusculosus, Cynanche ma-
ligna.
CARBURE DE SOUFRE, Carbonis sulphu-
retum.
CAR'CAROS, from Kapxaipia, '1 resound,' '1
tremble.' A fever, in which the patient has ii
general tremor, accompanied with an unceasing
noise in the ears.
CARCINODES, Cancroid, C 
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